Sumo

United Kingdom kubva kuEuropean Union .Inozivikanwa navose seBrexit yakaitazve mamiriro ezvinhu epamutemo neokutarisira mhiri kworutivi rwuri rwose rwegadziriro yokutama yeUK. Pakati penharaunda dzakatapurwa zvikuru zvikuru kubatanidzwazve kwemhuri: muitiro uyo munhu anogara mupamutemo muUK anogona kuunza nawo mitezo yemhuri yapedyo (vakwanyina vemhuri, vakwanyina, vana, kana kuti hama dzinotsamira pahama) kugara navo. Bretit, vagari vemo veEU vakafarikanya pedyo nekodzero dzemhuri dzokuvakwazve munheyo yerusununguko rwokufamba, nepo vasiri vagari vemo vemo vakatarisanazve nemitemo yakaparadzana. Kubvira pakuchinja nguva yapamwe chete 31 December 2020, UK yakapinza gadziriro yokutama uye kudzoka kwemhuri yeU. Iyi inonzverazve sei mhuri dzehurumende yezve, uye kupesana kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Kubva pakubatanidza nhevedzano kwemigumisiro yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, uye kutongedzero dzehurumende dzakaita kuti dzivedzekezve, kurwisana neya.

Necheshure: Kubatanidzwazve Kwemhuri muEU neUK

Brexit asati avapo, UK yakanga iri rutivi rwegadziriro yesangano rapachena reEuropean Union, yakagadzwa neTreaty on the Lining of the European Union and Directive 2004/38/EC. Iyi gadziriro yapamutemo yakabvumira mugari weEU upi noupi kutamira nokugara mune imwe nyika ipi neipi iri mitezo, kubatanidza UK, uye kuperekedzwa nemitezo yavo yemhuri. Izvi zvaireva kuti rudzi rweFrance runoshanda muLondon rwaigona kuunza mukwanyina muBrazil pasina kuda kugutsa kushandira kwakaparadzana. Muitiro wacho wakanga uri wokutarisira zvikuru, uchingoda kadhi rokugara kuti risimbise maruramiro okugara.

Nokuda kwamarudzi asiri eEU anogara muUK, kubatanidzwazve kwemhuri kwakanga kwatochine miganhu mirengwa. Vaidikanwa kushandisa muImmigration Reslation Trust, zvikurukuru Appendix FM, iyo yakatanga zvinodikanwa zvemari shomanene, kuedza mutauro weEngland, uye muitiro wokushandisa wakareba. Zvisinei, kuvapo kwenzira yakaparadzana, ine rupo zvikuru nokuda kweEU yakaita gadziriro yavagari vemo yeEU yaiparira gadziriro mbiri dzakakwirira: iyo yakanga iri nyore zvikuru nokuda kwemhuri dzeEU uye iyo yakanga yakaomera zvikuru mhuri dzisiri EU.

Dare reEuropean Court of Justice (ECJ) rakaramba richirayira kuti mitemo yokubatanidzazve mhuri inofanira kuva inoenderana uye haifaniri kukanganisa kodzero inokosha yokuremekedza upenyu hwemhuri pasi peChikamu 8 cheEuropean Convention on Human Rights.

Post-Brexit Inochinja: Gadziriro Yakavakirwa Mapfundo Nemitemo Mitsva Yemhuri

Chifo cha1 January 2021, UK yashandisa gadziriro yokubuda yakavakirwa pamapfundo iyo inobata nyika dzose dzisiri dzeBritiss (8) dzinobva kuEU kana kuti kumwe chete). Sangano idzva rakabvisa kufamba kwakasununguka nokuda kwavagari ve EU ndokutanga mitemo yakafanana nokuda kwebasa, fundo, uye mavhiza emhuri. Kubatanidzazve, muitiro mukuru unobatanidza:

  • Hakuchinazve maruramiro anozviitikira oga: vagari veEU vakanga vasati vagara muUK pamberi pa 31 December 2020 havagoni kuunza mitezo yemhuri pasina kuita zvinodikanwa zvimwe chetezvo senyika dzisiri dzeEU.
  • Mutevedzeri wemari: Mutsigiri (mugari weUK) anofanira kuratidzira mari shomanene ye $18,600 pagore (kana vana vanobatanidzwa). Ichi chikuva chakagadzwa pakuvamba muna 2012 nokuda kwemhuri dzisiri dzeEU uye zvino chinoshanda kuvatsigiri vose, kubatanidza vagari veEU avo vakasvika pashure peBret.
  • Chinodikanwa chomutauro wechiNgezi: Mukumbiri (nhengo yemhuri iri mhiri kwamakungwa) anofanira kubvumikisa mano omutauro wechiNgezi pamwero A1 (basic) paCommon Framem of Reference for Languages.
  • Nzvero dzeHeal necheshure: Vapedzi vose vanofanira kupfuudza kunzvera tibhii (kana vachibva kunyika yakarongwa), kugovera rugwaro rwapamutemo rwechinyorwa chetsotsi, uye kuripira Hyzation Health Surread.
  • Kuisa tsvimbo youtano: $624 pagore pamunhu akakumbira, inofanira kubhadharwa nokuda kwenduramo yevhiza (sezvinganzi mwedzi 30).

Mukuwedzera, hurumende yeUK yakasuma ESettlement Scheme [[FUSS:1] kudzivirira maruramiro avagari ve EU vagara muUK pa 31 December 2020. Avo vane mugariro wakagadzwa kana kuti wakadzorwa pasati paitwa vanogona kutsamira pamirairo yapamberi peBrquit nokuda kwokuvakwazve kwemhuri (*) bedzi kana vachigona kuratidza ukama hwemhuri husati hwavapo UK. UK wirirano rutsva runoumbwa pashure pa 31 December 2020 runofanira kusvitsa zvinodikanwa zvikuru zvinotsamira.

Chinodikanwa Chemari: Chinetso Chikuru

Chikumbaridzo chemari shoma yawakava mumwe wemiitiro inomutsa nharo zvikurusa yeUK yemhuri. Yakatangwa muna 2012 nokuda kwevatsigiri vasiri EU, yaiitirwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti mhuri dzinozvitsigira dzimene pasina tsinhano yemari yavose. Zvisinei, vatsoropodzi vakarangarira kwenguva refu kuti mwero wacho unoparirwa uye unotapura vakadzi, vashomanene vedzinza, uye avo vanobhadharwa mari shoma kana kuti vane ngozi. 2016 nomushumo weFreator Observatory paYunivhesiti yeOx of Oxford vakawana kuti chikumbaridzo chacho chinobvisa anenge 40% eUK-age anoshanda vanhu vamwe vanhu kubva pakugona kutsigira mumwe munhu asingashandi. Post-BR, uyu mutemo zvino unosanoshanda kuva vatsigiri veEUS, vakawanda zvikuru semhuri dzinosangana nawo.

Muna 2017, Dare Gurusa mu R (pakushandiswa kweMM nemimwe) v Munyori weHurumende yeDhipatimendi Rokugara yakatonga kuti mitemo inoganhurira upenyu hwemhuri pasi peChikamu 8 inofanira kupa uremu hwakafanira kunakirwo rwakanakisisa rwavana. Nepo dare risina kuputsa mutezo, rakasunda Hofisi yeHome kubudisa nhungamiro yemitemo inobvumira vashandi kurangarira migariro yechienzi umo chikumbaridzo chisingakwaniswi. Pasinei zvapo neizvi, ufakazi hunoratidza kuti chisarudzo chakadaro chinoshandiswa nenzira inoregeredza, uye mhuri dzakawanda dzinopfuurira kutarisana nokuparadzana.

Chinodikanwa Chomutauro WechiNgezi

Vanoda vhiza yemhuri vanofanira zvino kupa ufakazi hwokupfuudza nzvero yeChirungu inotenderwa pamwero waA1. Chinodikanwa ichi chinoshanda kuvapedzisi vose vemishumo yemhuri, kubatanidza vakwanyina, vakwanyina, uye vakura vanotsamira. Nokuda kwavagari veEU avo vaimbova nekodzero inongoerekana iripo yokuunza mitezo yemhuri, iyi imhinganidzo itsva uye inowanzova isingakarirwi. Kuparadza kuripo bedzi nokuda kwenyika zhinji dzechiNgezi dzinotaura neavo vakatopfuudza vhizi yakakwirira yeChirungu (g., nokuda kwevhizirosa). Nokuda kwavakweguru kana kuti vakaderera, kunzvera kunogona kuva mhinganidzo huru mukushanda.

Kutapura Vagari veEU Kudzokera MuUK

Vagari veEU avo vakasvika muUK 31 December 2020 vasati vasvika vanogona kubetserwa nemitemo yapamberi peBrexit yemhuri inobatanazve, asi bedzi kana vakawana mugariro wakagara kana kuti wagara pasi peEU Settlement Scheme. Nokuda kwavanhu ava, muitiro wacho hauna kuchinja zvikuru: vanogona kuunza mitezo yemhuri yakanga yatova rutivi rwemhuri yavo Bretit, yakaita kuti ukama huvepo panguva iyoyo. Zvisinei, kana mugari weEU ane mugariro wakagara wakachengeteka muroorano mutezo wokuroorana naye usiri weEU pashure pa31 December 2020, vanofanira zvino kuchinja kuti vaende kumapfundo anodzikamisa ma $18,600, mari inotambirwa, bhizimisi reEngland, uye mari inobhadharwa yevhiziro yakazara. Izvi zvakaparira kuvhiringidzika nokutambura kweEU yainofunga kuti idzorere nguva refu.

Kupfuurirazve, vagari veEU avo vakasvika pashure pa 31 December 2020 havana nzvimbo chaiyo. Vanobatwa chaizvoizvo kufanana nomumwe munhu upi noupi anotama uye vanofanira kukwaniriswa mumitemo yemhuri yeVisa (Appendix FM), kubatanidza mubatanidzwa wemari. Somuenzaniso, mukoti weGermany anotamira kuUK muna 2022 kunoshanda muNHS aizofanira kusangana ne $048,600 chinodikanwa chokuunza mukwanyina wake anobva Turkey(a mutemo usina kuvapo nokuda kweEUV nyika dzenyika pamberi peBretit). Ikoku kwakatungamirira kumishumo yokuparadzaniswa kwemhuri kwemwedzi kana kuti kunyange makore 20222 kuti ashande apo vatsigiri vaizova nemari yakakwana.

Kutapura Vagari Vasiri Vaya Vasina Kukura

Nokuda kwavagari vemo vasiri EU, Brexit haina kutanga mitemo mitsva chose chose — ivo vakatotarisana nezvinodikanwa zvemhuri zvakasimba kubatanidzwazve pasi peAppendix FM. Zvisinei, kubviswa kwenzira yeEU yakaisvonaka kunoreva kuti mhuri dzisati dzichiri dzeEU hadzina chisarudzo chokutamira kuhurumende yeEU iri mutezo (seIreland) uye ipapo kushandisa maruramiro okufamba akasununguka kuunza aisava mubiyake weEU kuUK / arone yakamboshandiswa navamwe varoorani Bretit. Iyoyi “Surinder Singh” nzira yakapfigwa zvakajeka neImmigration Res Rescript itsva kubva muna 2017, uye Brxit yakakuita kuti kushanduke nenzira yakajeka.

Uyezve, kubuda kweUK muEU kwakagumisa kushandiswa kwemirayiro yemhuri yeEU iyo yaiva neunyanzvi hwakawanda mune zvimwe zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, EU inobvumira vashandi vane unyanzvi zvikuru kuunza nhengo dzemhuri dzisina zvitsauko zvakafanana. UK inoisa zvikumbiro zvose zvokubatanidzwa kwemhuri pasi pemitemo yakafanana, pasinei zvapo nounyanzvi kana kuti mwero wemari, kutoti vakwaniriswa nokuda kweGlobal Téntant viza kana kuti dzimwe nzira dzechienzi.

Migumisiro Yakapararira Yenzanga Nezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kusimbiswa kwemitemo yokubatanidzazve mhuri kwakanyandura gakava guru pakati pamapoka amaruramiro avanhu, nyanzvi dzokutama, uye vezvamatongerwe enyika. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti mitemo mitsva inoputsa Chikamu 8 cheEuropean Convention on Human Rights, iyo inovimbisa ruremekedzo nokuda kwoupenyu hwomunhu oga nehwemhuri, uye kuti inotapura nomutoo usingaenzaniswi vakadzi, vana, uye mhuri dzinowana mari shoma. Masangano akafanana LIBBRETY[ akasimbisa nhau umo vakwaniri venhambo refu vakamanikidzirwa kugara kunze nemhaka yokuti mari yomutsigiri inowira yakawira yakaderera zvikuru.

Vatsigiri vetsika itsva vanotaura kuti kunokosha kuchengeta chivimbo chavanhu mukudzora kutama uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti vatami havavi mutoro pamabasa avose. Kutaura kwemitemo 2021 pamusoro pokutama kwapamutemo kwakabvumikisa kuti chikumbaridzo chemari “chinodzivirira chikwama chavose” uye“ vimbisa kuti vatami vemhuri vanokwanisa kuzvitsigira vamene. ” Zvisinei, [FLT:] 2023 kubva kuVictory Observation chakawana kuti chikumbaridzo hachina kuderedza zvikuru nhamba yezvipo zvemhuri zvinopiwa.

Hofisi yeHome yakatangawo “kuedza mhuri” sorutivi rwomuitiro wayo wokuita muitiro. Kunzvera kunoda madhipatimendi ehurumende kurangarira tapuro yemiitiro inokarakadzwa padzikamo yemhuri neukama. Munheyo, ikoku kunofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti mutemo mutsva upi noupi wokubuda unotapura kubatanazve kwemhuri unoperekedzwa nokunzvera kwetapuro yayo ingabvira pachinzwano chemhuri. Mukushanda, kunzvera kwave kuchitsoropodzwa sebhokisi rezvikwekwekwe iro risingawanzoguma nechinjo dzetsikano.

Kureurura uye Kuongorora Muparimende

Mitemo mitsva yemhuri yakadenhwa yadenhwazve mumatare eUK. Muna 2021, Dare Rapamusoro rakatonga mu R (pakushanda kwaA nemimwe) v Munyori weHurumende yeHome Dhipatimendi[ kuti chinodikanwa nokuda kwevasiri vaEU veEU vaisarudza vanhu kuti vaite muedzo weEngland ungagona kuva wakaenzana mudzimwe nhau. Hofisi yeHome pakupedzisira yabudisa nhungamiro yakagadziridzwa, asi zvinodikanwa zvikuru zvinoramba zvisina kukuvara. Mu2023, Affars Com Commentstions Comment [ inobudisa mushumo wemari yokuda kuhwirudzura uye nokuda kwokuchinja kukuru kuti iveidzwe, zvikurukuru nokuda kwemhuri dziripo muUK inodzo inodzorererwa. Hurumende vanodzivisa zvikuru kugadziriswa kwebasa.

Migumisiro Inoshanda: Nhau Dzakabva Kumhuri

Seri kwekurukurirano dzemitemo ndedzechokwadi. 2022 mushumo weJoint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants (JCWI) wakasimbisa zviitiko zvakawanda zvevakaroorana vakaparadzaniswa nemitemo mitsva. Muenzaniso mumwe chaiwo: mukadzi weSpain uyo akanga agara muUK kwamakore mashanu akasangana uye akaroorwa nomurume weAmerica muna 2021. Nemhaka yokuti akanga asati ari kugara muUK pamugumo we202020, aifanira kukumbira vhisa yemhuri yake. Nomubhadharo we $10,000, akangobvisa chikumbaridzo, asi aifanira kubhadhara mari inopfuura $3,000 mubhadharo yemari, uye mari yemari inobhadharwa. Vaviri vacho vakapedza gore riri pedyo nokumirira nokuda kwechisarudzo chomurume mukati .

Nhau dzakafanana dzakawanda nokuda kwavaroorani vasiri EU: mugari weBritain akaroorwa nomukwanyina weNigeria anofanira kuratidza mari yakachengetwa kana kuti mari ye $$18 600; kana mukwanyina achitova nomwana kubva muukama hwakapfuura, mukana wacho unokwira kusvika ku $22 400. mhuri zhinji dzinoshuma kuti dzinofanira kutengesa zvinhu kana kuti kutora chikwereti kuti dzisvitse chinodikanwa, uye dzimwe dzakamanikidzwa kusiya UK kuti dziwane vhiza inobva kune dzimwe nyika (idzino) muitiro unogona kutora mwedzi yakawanda.

mhedziso

Brexit yachinja zvikuru nzira yeUK yokubatanidzazve mhuri. Kuchinja kubva kutsika yakatanga kufamba yakasununguka yeEU nemhuri dzavo kuenda kutsika dzakabatana, muenzaniso wakavakirwa pamativi adzo kwakabvisa zvivako zviviri asi kwakaita kudaro kupfurikidza nokudzikamisa mitemo nokuda kwomunhu ari wose. EU yakasvika pashure peBretit zvino inotarisana nemari, mutauro, uye utano izvo zvakashanda kwenguva refu kumhuri dzisiri EU. Avo vakasvika pakuvamba vakachengeta dziviriro dzakati pasi peEU Secomement Argement, asi nokuda kwoukama hwaivapo pamberi pa 201.

Chinjo dzakaita kuti kurukurirano dzemari dzakasimba zvikuru pamusoro pedzikamo pakati pekudzora kubuda nokuenzana kuupenyu hwemhuri. Hurumende yeUK painoramba ichidzivirira mitemo sokuri madikanwa kuti idzore nokudzivirira mabasa avose, vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti vanoparira nhamo dzisina kufanira uye vangaputsa misengwa yekodzero dzavanhu. Chikumbaridzo chemari chinoramba chiri chinhu chikurusa chinokwikwikwidzana, uye matare eparamende akawanda akadana nokuda kwokugadziridzwa kwayo. Sezvo UK inopfuurira kushandisa uchangamire hwayo hwepost-Brxit, nguva yemberi yemhuri yokuzvibatanidza ichatsamira pazvisarudzo zvezvamatongerwe enyika: kana kuti kuchengeta kusvika kworumano kwazvinodzorwa zvikuru uye kuratidzira miraudzo yetsitsi izvo zvinotaura chinzwa nyika yose. Nokuda kwaavo vanobatwa munyika inowedzera kushatiswa, chisarudzo ichocho chichasarudza kana vachigona kurarama pamwe chete navanodiwa navo muUK.