Mumatongerwe enyika echiAmerica azvino uno, masimba mashomanene akagadziridzazve simba guru sokumuka kwamasangano anopedza mari anozvisarudzira. Matare eSangano ePutho asingaiti zvezvamatongerwe enyika akabuda savatambi vakuru musarudzo dzehurumende, zvikurukuru mukuchinja kwemifungo miduku mumifungo inogona kusarudza miuyo yenyika. Aya matare anoshanda pasina batano dzapamutemo kuvavakidzani kana kuti zvivako zvebato, bva simba rawo remari neunyanzvi zvinovabvumira kuumba mhoteredzo yemashoko, kuunganidza zvikamu zvakati zvevota, uye kupesvedzera nhau dzinodzora kurukurirano yavose. Kunzwisisa kuti vasingabatani vaPC vanoshanda vanoshanda sei, uko vanoisa mibato yavo, uye izvo zvinoparira miuyo inoparira kuva madikanwa nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka simba rehondo dzapanguva inorwirwa muhondo.

Kurondedzera Mapapitsi Asina Kubatanidzwa Mumabumbiro Eshure eChibvumirano Chapasi cheUnited Era

MaPUC asingabatanidzwi matare akazvimirira anosimudzira nokushandisa mari kupesvedzera sarudzo dzehurumende pasina kubatana navanoda kutemwa kana kuti mabato ezvamatongerwe enyika. Gadziriro yemitemo inodzora aya masangano yakachinjwa zvikurukuru nezvinoitika zviviri zvikuru: chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa re 2010 mu Chitendero cheUnited.FEC uye dare rakaderera rakatevera racho mu Speech Zvino.org v.FEC. Izvi zvisarudzo zvakabvisa ganhuriro pakushandiswa kwezvamatongerwe enyika zvamatongerwe namasangano, masangano, uye masangano asingadi kubhadhara mari.

Federal Ecommution Commission inosiyanisa maPAC asina kubatanidzwa nePC, ayo akabatanidzwa pamutemo nesangano rinotsigira rakadai sesangano revashandi, mubatanidzwa wemipiro. Active PACs anotarisana neganhuriro dzakasimba dzemipiro uye anofanira kushandisa bhiritiki yakaparadzana. PaCs, nokupesana, inobatanidza inowanzonzi PACIS, inogona kugamuchira mipiro isingaganhurirwi inobva kuvanhu, makambani, uye masangano, uyewo Hybrid PAC, izvo zvinochengeta zvose zviri zviviri nhauro yegamuchidzanwa yePACI kuganhuriro nenhau yePACI yePC nokuda kwendyiko yakazvinyiwa zvisingaganhurirwi.

Kupfuura aya matare akanyoreswa nenzira yapamutemo, mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana amasangano asingapi purofiti anorongwa pasi peChikamu 501(c)(4) cheInternvorence Code anopinda mumubato wezvamatongerwe enyika pasina kuzivisa vapi. Mapoka aya "mari isina kujeka" anogona kupedzera pakubudisa nhau yezvokuvhota uye kuvhota chero bedzi matongerwe enyika asati ari chinangwa chawo chikuru, achiumba mukoto unowirirana wepesvedzero inoshanda nokujeka zvishoma zvikuru kupfuura paPCs. Mubatanidzwa wePACIPUPC nemari isina magetsi matema wakaita bhiritiki apo manyuko ezvamatongerwe enyika anowanzova purofiti.

Kugadzirwa Kwemapepa Asiri Akabatana Nemari

Mwero wemari isina kubatanidzwa wakura zvikuru mumakore gumi apfuura. Munhambo ya 2020 yokusarudza bedzi, Super PACs namamwe matare akazvimirira anosimudzira ndokupedza anopfuura mabhiriyoni $2.5, mukuwirirana nemashoko anobva OpenSEctrets[. Iyi ndyiko inoiswa zvikuru pakati penhamba duku zvikuru yemagadoner, kubatanidza vanhu vakapfuma, fariro dzebhizimisi, uye masangano ezvemasangano anorangarira pesvedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika semiuyo yemiuyo.

PCs dzisingabatanidzwi dzinoshandisa zvinhu zvavo muzviteshi zvakawanda. Kushambadzira kweterevhizheni kunoramba kuri boka gurusa rendyiko dzemari, zvikurukuru mumisika inodhura yenhau iri mumitengo yenhau. Kushambadza kwamadhigirii kwakawedzera nokukurumidza, kuchigovera mano chaiwoiwo anobvumira PC kuendesa mashoko kumativi akati echiverengero chavagari vemo nenzvimbo. tsamba yakananga, bhangi rerunhare, uye mabasa ourongwa hwemari yokuvhotawo.

Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chegadziriro yazvino imharano yokuzivisa. Nepo paCs ichifanira kushuma vapi vavo kuFEC, vanogona kugamuchira mari kubva kumasangano avamiririri, zvakadai sa 501(c)(4) makambani asingapinyi kana kuti chikwereti chakaganhurirwa anovhara manyuko apakuvamba emari. Iyi muitiro, pane dzimwe nguva inonzi "kupfuudza kupfurikidza" nemari, inobvumira vapi kuramba vakavanzika pamurangariro wavose apo vanenge vachiri kupesvedzera sarudzo. Brenan Center yeSarudzo yakapupurira kuti munhizha dzemisikanzwa dzemisikanzwa dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, chikamu chikuru chemari inotambirwa chakabva mumanyuko asina kunyorwa, kuchinetswa icho mitemo yakagadzirwa kuva nechokwadi.

Chikonzero Nei Kuchera Nyika Yakabatanidza Basa Rokugadzira PaC

Nyika dzinowana mugove mukuru wemari isina kubatanidzwa nemhaka yokuti purojeti yadzo inoparira purofiti yakakwirira zvikurusa pakutenga mari yezvamatongerwe enyika. Munzvimbo umo miuyo inocherekedzwa, mari yokuwedzera haibviri kuchinja muuyo. Munzvimbo dzehondo, zvisinei, micheto miduku inoreva kuti kunyange chinjano dzine mwero mumuvhoti kana kuti kunyengetedza zvinogona kugumisa mugumisiro kune rimwe boka kana kuti rimwe.

Sangano reElectoral College rinopa simba iri. Nhimbe dzapurezidhendi dzinonangidzira ngwariro yakakura pamibatanidzwa mishomanene yemakwikwi, uye maPUC asina kubatanidzwa anotevera pfungwa imwe cheteyo. Muna 2020, nyika shanu dzapamusoro dzehondo dzinorwisana — Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Arizona, uye Georgia — dzakaita 60 muzana yendyiko dzose dzinoshambadzirwa panzvimbo dzapurezidhendi, pasinei zvapo nokumirira bedzi chinenge chikamu chimwe chevagari vomunyika. Uku kuwanda kwezviwanikwa kunoita kuti kushambadza kwemafaindi muPunivhotera kunoparira kusangana nenhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzakawanda, mapepa akananga, uye madhifoni kupfuura ayo ari munyika dzisina kushandira.

Nzvero kubva Brookings Institution[[FLT: 1] yakaratidza kuti gadziriro yehurumende dzemakwikwi dzinochinja nokufamba kwenguva semiitiro yokugara kwevagari vemo, kuyera, uye simba rezvamatongerwe enyika romunzvimbomo zvinofanira kubuda. Zvikamu zvisingakwikwikwidziridzwi zvinofanira kuramba zvichinzvera kuti ihurumende dziri kutamba nokugovera pfuma yazvo maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu. Iyi conculurus inoziviswa nokunzvera kwakaisvonaka, kuisa muenzaniso, uye mashoko enhau anobvumira PaC kuhwina mipata inoita kuti ishande uye zvikamu zvinovhotera zvinonangiswa nokurura kwakakwirira.

Maturusi Akanaka Nezvirongwa

Kugadzirwa kweDrive-Microwiting-Tartiget

Pacs dzazvino uno dzisingabatanidzwi semasangano anobatanidza mashoko. Vanotenga kana kuti kugadzira mafaira anobatanidza mashoko okuvhota, mufambiro wezvokuvhota, mitauro yomutengi, uye zvisarudzo zvevatengi muudzame hwevavhoti. Vanoshandisa mifananidzo yemivhoti, PC vanogona kuisa mumapoka akasarudzwa akavakirwa pamikana yokutsigira mutevedzeri wakati, bviro yokuvhota, uye kupindura kumashoko chaiwo.

Uku kukwanisa kutakura miduku kunobvumira PACI kuzivisa kwakasiana - siana kuvateereri, kunyange mukati menzani yezvinobudisa nhau imwe cheteyo. Mai vomumusha angagamuchira mashoko anonangidzirwa pamari yedzidzo nendyiko dzoutano, nepo muridzi womusha wokumaruwa anganangidzirwa nezvishambadzo pamusoro pemitero yenzvimbo negadziriro yesimba. Zvikuva zvemadhigirini zvinogonesa iyi bhii rinodzorwa pamwero mukuru, zvichiita kuti zvibvire kuti PCs asvike zvikamu zvakavhotanwa namapepa anozivikanwa.

Kushandiswa kwemaidi kunobvumirawo PCs kuyera kushanda kwemari yavo munguva chaiyoiyo. Nokunyora kuchinja kwenhamba dzinovhota, mwero yevavhoti, uye mibatanidzwa yemichina, PCs anogona kuchinja magadzirirwo adzo pakati pechitsereso, kuchinja upfumi kubva pakushandisa mari shoma kukuita mikana yakawanda inovimbisa. Kuchinja uku kunopa PCs ibasa rinokosha kupfuura vakwikwidzani vemadata.

Kunetsa Kurava Nokushayisa Mubereko

Papoka dzisingabatanidzwi panowanzonangidzira mashoko avo zvakananga patsigiro yavabhadhari. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanoisa mari yakawanda mukupa mhaka yokuti kurukurirano dzemiitiro yemiitiro yapazamu munzira dzinofadza vadaviri vavo kana kuti dzinokuvadza vashori. PCAC Anotsigira Democratic C angaita nhimbe yokushambadzira inopfuuridzirwa kusimbisa kuwana tarisiro yezvoutano kana kuti chisiko chebasa, kubatanidza miuyo yakanaka kuDdemocratic sha sha shanti pasina kukurudzira zvakajeka vaoni kuvhota munhu chaiye. PaC inosimura pamutemo ingafambisa kuzivisa kuchengetwa kwokupinda munyika kana kuti mutemo wezveripi, kuparira mhoteredzo yakanaka nokuda kwevadai veRepublican Republic.

Uyu mutoo unonangidzirwa unopa betsero dzapamutemo. Ndyiko dzinozvimirira idzo dzinotsigira zvakajeka nokuda kwokusarudzwa kana kuti kukundwa kwomubhadhari dzinoda kuziviswa nokurashwa. Kumutsa kushambadza, nepo dzichiri kuitirwa kupesvedzera miuyo inosarudzwa, dzinoshanda munzvimbo yachena inogona kubvumira PCs kukurukura mashoko adzo noujeka hushoma. Mutsetse pakati pechinyorwa cheadvocacy uye unoratidzira kupesana kunokwikwikwidza, uye PCs anosunda miganhu yorusarurano.

Kumanikidzwa Nokudzvinyirirwa Nezvikwata Zvejeri

Kupfuura kushambadza, vavhota vasingabatanidzwi vanoisa mari mukuunganidza nhamburiko dzinogona kutapura zvakananga mitoo yokuvhota. Izvozvi zvinobatanidza kuvhota pasuo napasuo, kubhangisa runhare, nhimbe dzemashoko, uye zvishandiso zvemichina zvemichina izvo zvinobetsera vatsigiri kuwana nzvimbo dzokuvhota, kukumbira tsamba mubhorati, uye kuvhotera zvinodikanwa zvokuvhota. Mumakwikwikwidzani anosa, mano okuwedzera pakati pezvikamu zvakanaka zvevota kupfurikidza kunyange namapfundo mashomanene ezvikamu anoshandiswa anogona kusarudza muuyo wemijaho yokuvhotera pasi pebaroti pamwe chete nemukwidzano woupurezidhendi.

Vamwe vaPaC vanopindawo murusarudzo nokuvhota mitemo yokuvhota. Zvinetso kumitemo yeID, zvinodikanwa zvokuvhota, uye miitiro yokurovha yapamberi pebasa yazova rutivi rwenguva dzose rwezvirongwa zvesarudzo munyika dzehondo. Idzi nhamburiko dzapamutemo, nepo dzisati dzichigaroiswa sedzinoumba, dzinokombamira fariro dzesangano rimwe kana kuti rimwe uye dzinomirira mumwe mutoo kupfurikidza nawo paPC dzisingabatanidzwi dzinopesvedzera mhoteredzo yechisarudzo.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Mumadenderedzwa Okusarudza Achangobva Kuitwa

Musangano waPurezidhendi 2020 muPennsylvania neMichigan

Gadziriro yejasi rekusarudza 2020 rakaratidzira mwero apo PACI dzisingabatanidzwa dzinogona kushanda munyika dzinokosha. MuPennsylvania, matare anozvimirira endyiko akapedza anopfuura mamirioni $350 mumijaho yapurezidhendi naSeparamenti, mukuwirirana namaFEC masubrell akaunganidzwa neOpensecrets. Chikamu chikurusa chakabva kuSuper PaCs kumativi ose ari maviri, kubatanidza masangano akadai sePRODUCSA Action kurutivi rweDemocratic and America First Action kurutivi rweRepublican Republic.

Iyi Pacs yakaisa ngwariro pashambadziro yavo panhau dzakaganhurirwa. Matare edemocratic-agigine akasimbisa dziviriro yezvoutano, kunaya kwezvemari kubva mudenda, uye denho dzakavakirwa papurezidhendi anokatukwa. Matare eRepublica akananga pamutemo nenhevedzano, kuvhurazve kwemari, uye ngozi dzinofungidzirwa dzezvikarakadzo zvemiitiro inofambira mberi. Kuiswa kweterevhizheni muFilphiadelphia, Pitts, Deit, naGrand Rapids misikasi yenhau dzakaita kuti izvi zvive zvinoshambadzwa zvikuru munyika.

Nzvero dzekusarudza dzapashure dzakapa mhedziso dzakavhengana pamusoro petapuro yakananga yeiyi ndyiko. Dzimwe fundo dzinokarakadza kuti betsero huru yeDemocratic-aligist yakafarikanywa muPennsylvania — kupfuudza matare eRepublican neadzo inodzorwa necherekedzo huru mumavhiki okupedzisira — yakabetsera kubvisa nhamba duku asi inosarudzwa isina kurongwa. Dzimwe rondedzero dzinotaura kuti muuyo wacho wakanga uri muduku, panzvimbo pokupa miuyo yezvinodiwa nemutengo, uye miitiro yezvamatongerwe enyika izvo zvakakurira nhamburiko dzokushambadza dzomunzvimbomo.

Kuungana Pakati kwa2018 Mumaruwa eSubrun

Sarudzo ya2018 yakapa muenzaniso wakajeka wekuti maPACI anogona sei kupesvedzera kuumbwa kweCongress. Kutenderera ikoko kwakava nokuwedzera kunoshamisa muDhemocratic-alligian mari inopedzwa mumaruwa eDermocratic House akanga ahesmoney adaidzwa muRepublican asi akanga ava kukwikwidzana zvikuru. PaC yakadai seHouse Majority PC neDemocratic - Democratic Cities United zvakada maruwa akafanana neCalifornia, New Jersey, uye Illinois ane mashoko akananga padziviriro youtano netsoro.

PaCs yakadzorwa neRepublican, kubatanidza Congregational Leadership Fund, yakapindura nokushandisa mari yakawanda yavo vamene, asi betsero yeDemocratic mukubhadharisa nokutumirana yakavabvumira kupfuudza zvigaro zvinopfuura 40 uye kudzorwazve kweImba. Maruwa omumusha aichinja maoko akanga ari nharaunda umo mari isina kubatanidzwa yakanga yakanyanyoiswa ngwariro uye yakabatana zvikurusa nemisoro yerudzi.

Iyi denderedzwa rakaratidzirawo ukoshi hwenzvimbo yapamberi pokusarudza. MaPC ayo akavamba nhimbe dzawo dzokuzivisa pakuvamba — pamberi pezuva regamuchidzanwa repashure peLabor wampp-up — akakwanisa kurondedzera mifungo yekurukurirano munzira idzo dzinoisa vavengi vavo pakuzvidzivirira. Kupedza nhambo dzapakuvamba mumaruwa akaumbwa namapoka pamberi pokunge vavhoti vakwanisa zvizere kujekesa mashoko avo vamene, mutoo wazova muitiro womuzvarirwo mumakwikwikwi.

2022 Micromes Nechinotangira Kurwisana kweSwing State Battles

Zvisarudzo 2022 pakati penhambo dzakaona kubuda kwenzvimbo itsva dzehondo, zvikurukuru muWisconsin, Arizona, uye Georgia, uko Dare remakwikwi namadzinza echikwata zvakawana mari yakazvimirira zvikuru yokushandisa. PCs dzisingabatanidzwi kumativi ose ari maviri yakaedza mitoo mitsva, kubatanidza kushambadzira kukuru mumichina nokudirana sezvo kutarira terevhizheni kwakapfuurira kuputsika.

MuGeorgia, iyo yakanga isina kuva nyika yamakwikwi yapurezidhendi kwamakumi amakore pamberi pa 2020, PACs yakaisa zvikuru mukunyoresa kwomuvhoti uye kukurudzira nhamburiko dzakanangidzirwa kukudza muvhoti. Dare rehurumende ramaviri raidzonga kubuda mukuvamba kwa 2021 rakanga ratoratidzira tapuro dzinobvira dzebvumirano yePUC yakapfuuridzirwa mumhoteredzo yakakwirira. Chidenderedzwa cha 20222 chakasimbisa kuti Georgia yaizoramba ichinangidzira ngwariro yokushandisa mari inotsamira pauri, namapoka ose ari maviri achiibata sehondo yechigarire panzvimbo pokukwikwidzana kwechinguvana.

Arizona akapa simba rakasiana, nevoruzhinji vanokura veLatino vanosarudza uye vagari vemo vakazvimirira vanokwezva PACI. Matare asingabatanidzi anopinzwa mukushambadzira kwemitauro yeSpain uye anovavarira mutsika kuunganidza vavhoti vakanga vasina kunyandurwa mumiitiro yakapfuura. Simba renhamburiko idzi richiri kukurukurwa, asi nzvimbo yokutanga yakatanhamara pakunangidzirwa kwavagari vemo muArizona inoratidzira kukura kwemibato yePC.

Kuongorora Kushanda Kwazvo uye Kubudirira

Masayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika akapa ngwariro huru kukuyera tapuro yePCAC isina kubatanidzwa pamiuyo yesarudzo. Kubvumirana kunojekeswa. Kutenga kunoratidzika kuva kune tapuro inokosha mumigariro yakati — zvikurukuru mumakwikwi akaderera epepa, mumakwikwi akazaruka umo pasina mutengi ane betsero yakagadzirwa, uye mumhoteredzo umo rutivi rumwe runofarikanya betsero huru. Mumakwikwikwi apamusoro apapurezidhendi ane miuyo yakakwirira yerefukidzo yakakwirira yamashoko nemitezo yamashoko yakakwirira, muuyo wokuwedzera wokushandisa paPC kungava muduku zvikuru.

Kutsvakurudza nezvokushambadza kunoratidza kuti kushambadza kwokutanga kwadzikira. Kuwana mashoko kushoma kungachinja pfungwa, asi kuwedzera kufutunuka kungakonzera kuchinja kuduku. Uku kuwanda kunoita kuti paPC inotsigirwa nemari yakawanda ive nebetsero inogona kuwana, sezvo vashori vanodarika vanogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti mashoko avo makuru anosvika kuvavhoti vanowanikwa nezvinobudisa nhau uye zviteshi zvemakombiyuta zvakaderera.

Kushandisa mari yakawanda, mukupesana, kungava nemigumisiro yakawanda inotapurwa. Kunzvera kushanda kwemumunda nokubuda munhamburiko dzinoshanda nguva dzose kunowana kuti onano yomunhu oga — kungava kupfurikidza norunhare, suo-kupinda, kana kuti kubuda kwemichina — inowedzera kubuda pakati pavavhoti vanotengirwa. MaPC ayo asina kubatanidzwa anoisa mari mumitengo yemari, kudzokera purojekiti kungava kukuru kupfuura nokuda kwokushambadza kwoga, zvikurukuru mumhoteredzo dzakaderera sesarudzo dzepakati pemitengo.

Nzvero yose zvayo, sezvinopfupikiswa ne Center yePurearch, ndeyokuti murangariro wavanhu unoda zvakasimba ganhuriro pakushandiswa kwenhimbe nokujeka kukuru. Voruzhinji veAmerica vari mumitsetse yebato vanodavira kuti mari ine pesvedzero huru zvikuru mune zvamatongerwe enyika uye inotsigira chinjo dzingawedzera kuziviswa nokuderedza basa ravapi vazhinji. Kurangarira vanhu kunoparira kusawirirana pakati pedziviriro yebumbiro remitemo nokuda kwokuzvibhadharira nokushanda kwakaenzana kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kunetsa Kudzora Kwehurumende Yegutsaruzhinji

Kumuka kwePACIs inomutsa mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pokuzvidavirira kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu uye kunaka kwemimiririri. Apo vadikani vegadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika vanotsamira zvikuru pakushandiswa nematare anozvimirira ayo anoshanda pasina kuziviswa kunojekeswa kwavapi vavo, vavhoti havagoni kunzvera zvizere fariro idzo vadaviri vanganzwa vachimanikidzirwa kubatira. Kunyange kana mari inopedzwa isingatenge zvakananga miuyo yemiitiro yehurumende, dikanwo yokukwezva mupi inoparira sundo dzokuwirirana nenzvimbo dzavapi vemigoveri vakapfuma panzvimbo peyakawanda zvikuru.

Kuona chitarisiko kunoramba kuri chinhu chinonyanya kunetsa. Kurongwa kwazvino uno kwokusarudza kunoda kuziviswa kwavapi vePUS, asi mhosho dzinobvumira mari kuyerera kupfurikidza namasangano anodzivirira manyuko apakuvamba. Mitemo yakadai seDHCLOSE Act, iyo yaizoda masangano ose anopedza mari mukusarudza kuti azivise vapi vavo, yakatangwa muMasangano makuru eMitemo asi haina kugamuchira tsigiro yakakwana yebipartishani kuti ave mutemo. FEC, iyo ine mutoro wokuisa mitemo yemibato yemari yezvirongwa zvechirongwa, yakatsoroporwa navatsigiriri vayo vamafaro vayo vanoramba vachingopiwa simba.

Kuchinja kwetsika dzehurumende kunopa imwe nzira. Dzimwe nyika dzakaita zvinodikanwa zvenhimbe dzadzo dzimene zvokuzivisa zvinopfuura mutemo womubatanidzwa, uye dzimwe dzakaita gadziriro dzemari dzinobvumira vanoda kupiwa mari dzavose kuvhozhokera mumari yavose. Kuedza uku kunogovera mienzaniso yokuti pesvedzero yePC isiri yesangano rehurumende yeruzhinji ingaderedzwa kana kuti kuiswa munzira dzinobatira mipimo yehurumende yehurumende.

MaPUC asingabatanidzwi anotapurawo masimba omukati emabato ezvamatongerwe enyika. Kupfurikidza nokugovera manyuko akazvimirira okutsigira nemari nokubudiswa kwamashoko, maPACIPU uye mapoka emari matema anogona kusundira mapato kunzvimbo dzakanyanyisa zvikuru kana kuti kuzvinhu zvakati zvokutanga zvakafarikanywa nevanopa zvikuru. Ikoku kunoderedza simba rinowirirana ravatungamiriri vebato uye kunogona kuita kuti boka rose rinyorese mashoko zvishoma.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, maPACI asina kubatanidzwa anogovera mutoo wokutora rutivi mune zvamatongerwe enyika uyo nenzira ipi neipi yaizoshaikwa kuvagari vazhinji namasangano. Mano okuunganidza pfuma nokutsigira nhau kupfurikidza nokushandisa kwokuzvimirira chimiro chokutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakadzivirirwa neFirst Amendment. Nhamburiko dzeReformation dzinofanira kudzikamisa ukoshi hwokutora rutivi kwezvamatongerwe enyika mungozi dzepesvedzero isina kuenzana uye kuderedza ungwaru.

mhedziso

PCs dzisingabatanidzwi dzazova vatambi vakuru mukusarudza kweAmerica, nepesvedzero yavo yakanzwiwa nesimba zvikurusa mukutaura kwokuti kusarudza miuyo yapurezidhendi nokudzora kweCongress. Zviwanikwa zvavo zvemari, gadziriro dzemipimo yemibato, uye mano okushanda pasina kubatana kwakananga navadaviri zvinovapa betsero dzakatanhamara mukuumba nzwisiso dzevongi nemitoo yokubatanidza. Kuiswa kwebasa rePACI muhondo kunoreva kuti vavhoti mumatunhu iwawa vanowana mhoteredzo yakasiana zvikuru neiyo iri munyika dzakakotsekana, vachigamuchira kurukurirano huru yezvamatongerwe enyika uye kuratidzirwa kwenhau dzinokwikwidza.

Ufakazi pamusoro pokuti kana kupedza kusingabatanidzwi zvamazvirokwazvo miuyo yesarudzo yakavhengana, asi murangariro wokuti mari inotenga pesvedzero yakapararira pakati pavavhoti uye ine tapuro dzinoparadza pakuvimba mumasangano edemokratiki. Kushaikwa kwokujeka kwakazara munhimbe dzemari dzinotsigira mari kunoderedza kuzvidavirira kwenhau uye kunoita kuti kuve kwakaoma kuti vagari vemo vatsvake mashoko avanowana. Sezvo nhimbe yemitemo inodzora inopfuurira kunyungurira kupfurikidza nezvisarudzo zvedare nezviito zvinodzorwa, basa rePACICs dzinobatanidzwa munyika dzinotenderwa richaramba riri nzvimbo inotambudza yefundo nekurukurirano. Kunzwisisa izvozvi kunokosha nokuda kwokutsvaka vavhotera kunzvera mashoko akaoma uye vagadziri vanoshanda kuvimbisa kuti vasarukidze kuda vanhu panzvimbo pezvipfumiteve.