Kukumbira kwave kuchibatira kwenguva refu somutoo wevagari vemo wokupesvedzera mufambiro wavose zvakananga, uye tapuro yavo inova inonzwika zvikuru mukati memwaka esarudzo. Apo vavhoti vanogadzirira kukanda varoti vavo, vadariro navakuru vakuru vanorumwa vachiva vanotapurwa zvikuru nemirangariro yavose, vachigadzira mukana wemifungo yeuswa, kunzvera zvinoitika zvenhau zvazvino uno, gadziriro dzemifungo yazvino uno, sayenzi chaiyoiyo yenyika, zvikamu zvebato, uye kunyange kumanikidza chiito chomutemo. Nyaya ino inonzvera simba rekukumbira-drn advocercess mukati mesaruption, gadziriro dzenhau dzenguva ino, zvirongwa chaizvoizvo zvenhau yenyika, uye ganhuriro dzetsika dzinodikanwa dzokufamba.

Mavambo Enhau Okukumbira Mukutonga Kwehurumende Yegutsaruzhinji

Kodzero yokukumbira hurumende inoiswa mubumbiro rehurumende rehurumende rinodzorwa mumabumbiro ehurumende anosarudzwa navanhu kupota nyika. MuUnited States, First Amendment inovimbisa maruramiro "okukumbira Hurumende nokuda kwezvichemo. Iyi nheyo ine mavambo makuru enhau. Mukati mamazana amakore echi18 nerechi 19, zvikumbiro zvakanga zviri mutoo mukuru nokuda kwamapoka akarashwa — kubatanidza vakadzi, vanhu vari varanda, uye vashandi — kukumbira chinjo. Sangano reRegistast rakaunganidza zviuru zvezvikumbiro zvinosainwa zvinokurudzira chinzwa uranda kuti zvipedzerwe uranda, uye ungano dzavakadzi dzinoshandiswa kuratidzira kutsigira kwakapararira nokuda kwekodzero dzokuvhotera.

Nhimbe idzi dzapakuvamba kazhinji kazhinji dzakatarisana nokusabvumirana nesangano. Zvikumbiro zvakarambwa, zvakaiswa pasi, kana kuti zvakafuratirwa navagadziri vemitemo vakapanikira kuva kwavo vapamutemo. Chifo chikuru chesiginicha, pamwe chete negadziriro youswa, zvakachinja zvishoma nezvishoma murangariro wavose nekurukurirano dzemitemo dzinomanikidzirwa. Va1830 vakaona chikumbiro chikuru chokudzivisa kutora Texas, kukwevera mazana ezviuru zvesaini. Nepo chikumbiro ichocho chakakundikana kudzivisa kubatanidzwa, chakaratidzira simba rechiito cheboka rokudzivisa kana kuti kunonotsa zvirongwa. Nhasi, tsika yacho inopfuurira, asi maturusito akachinja zvinoshamisa.

Zvikumbiro Zvemazuva Ano: Zvinoita Kuti Inzwi Ravose Rive Rechokwadi

Kumuka kwenhepfenyuro yeInternet nesocial social communist kwachinja kukumbira kubva pamuitiro unononoka, wakavakirwa papepa kusvika kuchinoitika chenyika yose. Platforms dzakadai seChange.org, Famba Kun, uye hurumende inonyoresa (segadziriro yePramende yeUK) kwakaderedza mhinganidzo yokupinda zvinoshamisa. Munhu upi noupi ane intaneti anogona kutanga chikumbiro mumaminiti, kuchigoverana mumibatanidzwa wenzanga, uye anogona kuunganidza mazana ezviuru zvezvisaini mukati memazuva.

Kukumbira kwemazitaitiki kunopa betsero dzinoverengeka kupfuura mitoo yegamuchidzanwa. Zvinobvumira kunyorwa kwenguva chaiyo kwenhamba dzekusaina, kunyorwa kwenhau kwakatsikirirwa nevhidhiyo nemifananidzo, uye kudzokororwa kwemashoko nokukurumidza nevatsigiri. Zvinoitawo kuti zvive nyore kuronga vagadziri vemitemo kupfurikidza nokutungamirira zvisaini kuvakuru vakuru vakuru. Zvisinei, kusava nyore kwemikumbiro yemichina inosainwa kwakamutsawo mibvunzo pamusoro poukuru hwekuzvipira. Vashori vanotaura kuti kuvhura - tamborikwa kunoda nhamburiko duku kupfuura kusaina noruoko rwakanyorwa noruoko rwokunyama, kuderedza simba ringanzi kutsigira.

Pasinei zvapo neizvi zvinonetsa, kunzvera kwakaratidza kuti kukumbira kwemichina kunogona kuita migumisiro inooneka. Nzvero yePew Research Center yakawana kuti mikumbiro yepaIndaneti iri pakati pezvimiro zvakakurumbira zvikurusa zvekutora rutivi kwezvamatongerwe enyika muzera remichina, zvikurukuru pakati pevaduku veAmerica. Kana chikumbiro chikavapo — sokukumbira nokuda kwokudzora pfuti pashure pokupfura kweParkland muna 2018 — inogona kuparira kubatanidzwa kukuru, masangano anopesvedzera kuchinja miitiro yenhau, uye kumanikidza vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa kuti vapindure pachena.

Kupesvedzera Kunoita Zvikumbiro Nhimbe Dzokukunda

Mukati menhambo dzesarudzo, zvikumbiro zvinobatira sechishandiso chapamutemo nokuda kwavavhoti, mapoka okuzvipinza mumaoko, uye kunyange vanoda kukwikwidzana.

Kugadzirira Agenda

Nhuro makwikwi nokuda kwengwariro. Nenhau dzakawanda dzinoda kuzivikanwa zvikuru nokuda kwokuparidzwa kwezvinobudisa nhau, chikumbiro icho chinounganidza nokukurumidza siginicha chinogona kuvamba neruzha. Chikumbiro chakasanorongwa chinogona kumanikidza mukwikwidzi kutora chimiro panhau yaangada kudzivisa. Somuenzaniso, mukati mekusarudzwa kwapurezidhendi weU.S., chikumbiro pamusoro peChinjo.org chinodana nokuda kwekurukurirano yapafoni yakatsaurirwa bedzi kurutsikirirwa nokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze. Nepo kurukurirano yacho isina kutongova nesimba rokudzivisa, nhimberi huru yavakafunda kubudisa mashoko ane udzame emamiriro okunze ava kunguva yakapfuura vakanga vadzivisa.

Kugamuchira Kwomukana Nokuchinja KwePlatform

Vateveri vanowanzotarira zvikumbiro pakuvamba munhimbe kuti vaone zvinoiswa pakutanga. Nhau inokwezva mubato wekukumbira ingaonekwa sechinhu chinogona kuva nyore kana kuti mukana. Mumhinduro, vanoda kukumbira vangabatanidza zvikumbiro mumapuratifomu avo, kutaura kwavose, kana kuti kuita zvipikirwa zvemitemo. Uku simba raioneka mukati me 2020 Democratic , apo kukumbira kwouswa pamusoro poutano uye chikwereti chavadzidzi kwakabetsera kusunda nhau idzodzo kutungamirira kukurukurirano. Senator Bernie Sanders, uyo akaisa zvibvumirano zvake pamusoro penhau dzakadaro, kazhinji kazhinji kacho anonongedzera kumishumo yetsigiro yavose seufakazi hwetsigiro yavose.

Kusimbiswa Kwezvinobudisa Nhau

Vatori venhau vanowanzoongorora zvikumbiro zvevanenge vakumbira kuti vaone kana vachizvifarira. Chikumbiro chinosvika panzvimbo huru yezvisaini — ngatitii, 100 000 pawebsite yehurumende yeUK — kazhinji chinowanzoita kuti mashoko acho azivikanwe. Ukuwo, chinowedzerazve kusimbisa chikumbiro chacho uye chinowedzera kumanikidza vanenge vachida kubhabhatidzwa.

Fundo Dzenhau: Zvikumbiro Zvakaumba Muitiro Mukati Mezvisarudzo

Mienzaniso chaiyo yenyika inoratidza kuti kukumbira kunobatsira pazvinoitika kana paine kuvhota.

Dakota Access Pippine na2016

Muna 2016, Raig Rock Sioux Tribe yakatanga chikumbiro chokukumbira pahurumende yeU.S. chikumbiro chacho chakakurumidza kuunganidza mazana ezviuru zvezvisaini ndokuva nzvimbo inonyandura vatsigiri vemhoteredzo. Mukati mechisarudzo chapurezidhendi, nhau yakamanikidzira Hillary Clinton naDonald Trump kutora nzvimbo pakodzero dzemongi neruramisiro yemhoteredzo. Nepo vatarisiri veObama pakutanga vakanonotsa mvumo yemvu, vatarisiri vemhoteredzo vauya. Chikumbiro hachina kumisa parapiti, asi chakaparira kungwa kwezvematongerwe enyika kusingaperi uye kuvamba hondo dzapamutemo dzinopfuurira. Yakaratidzirawo kuti zvikumbiro hazvisi zvigadziri zvigadziro zvekodzero zvemo zvogaro zvemo neruramisiro yemhoteredzo yapasi pedu. Chikumbiro chidzodzodzodzodzodzodzo chakaitwa chadzose.

Black Life Nhau Nezvikumbiro 2020 Zvekusarudza

Pashure pokuurawa kwaGeorge Floyd muna May 2020, zvikumbiro zvakawanda zvaikumbirwa nokuda kwokuchinjwa kwamapurisa zvakavapo. Chikumbiro chimwe paChinjo.org chinoraira ruramisiro nokuda kwaFloyd chakava chikurusa munhau yechikuva, kuchikwezva zvisaini zvinopfuura mamirioni 19. Chikumbiro chacho chakapfuudzirwa mu 2020 yeU.S. sarudzo, uko vaikwikwidza kumanikidzwa kutaura pamusoro pekuzvidavirira kwamapurisa, kubvisa, uye urudzi hwetsika. Zvikumbiro zvomunzvimbomo nehurumende zvakatungamirira zvakananga kuchinjo: guta reMinneapolis rakavimbisa kubvisa mubato wamapurisa waronge (yakazochinja), uye kutaura sokupfuudza Coloradorates mitemo mitsva yamapurisa. Chikumbiro chakanga chiri rutivi rwesangano rakafara iro raibatanidza kushora, kuvhotera, uye kuvhota, pakupedzisira kuvhotera kwamarudzi.

Paramende Inokumbira uye Bretit Referendem

Pawebsite yezvikumbiro zvehurumende yeUK pane mutemo: chikumbiro chipi nechipi chinosvika 100 000 chezvisaini chinofanira kufungwa kuti chive kurukurirano yeparamende. Mugore ra2016, kukumbira kwakava chinhu chikuru chekurukurirano yavose. Pashure pevhoti yeBretit, chikumbiro chokukumbira nokuda kwechikamu chechipiri chemibatanidzwa yemabhii mana chakaunganidzwa mumazuva mashomanana, zvichiita kuti website yacho iwirende. Nepo kukumbira kwechipiri hakuna kuitika, kumanikidza maMPs kuti atendere mwero wekusabvumirana nemitemo yakabatanidzwa zvikuru. Chikumbiro chacho chakabatirawo sechishandiso chokuramba vari vatsigiriki mukati mechikamu chinotevera 201717 ne2019, chichichengeta nyaya yacho iripo.

Kuganhurirwa Nedenho Dzokukumbira Kunotsigirwa Nedzidziso Yokunyengera

Vatsigiri vanofanira kunzwisisa ganhuriro dzavo kudzivisa kunyanyonyanyisa muunyanzvi humwe chete, pasinei zvapo neiyi budiriro, zvikumbiro hazvisi zvokushandisa mashiripiti.

Kusaina Uye Kunetseka Nezvakarurama

Zvikumbiro zvemadhigirii zvinogona kukanganiswa nokubiridzira nokunyora mashoko. Pasina uchokwadi hwemazano, vagadziri vemitemo vangaramba chikumbiro sechisina kuvimbika. Mamwe madhipatimendi akabudisa zvibvumikiso zveCAPTCH semaemail, asi izvi hazvidzivisi nhimbe dzakarongwa kushandisa maakaundi akawanda. Nzvimbo dzinokumbirwa nehurumende dzinowanzoda kuti vashandisi vanyorese mashoko akabvumwa, izvo zvinowedzera kuvimbwa asi zvinoderedza kubatanidzwa. Kupesana nokusabvumirana kwemapepa okuwedzera nokuvhotambira pakombiyuta, kutsigira kwavose kubva kumitengo inoremekedzwa, uye mashoko evagari vemunyika.

Kutendeukirwa Kuchinjo Yechiito

Kunyange siginicha yemirioni haivimbisi chiito chomutemo. Vaiti vemiitiro vanoyera zvikumbiro muzvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sokuwana zvisakiso zvakabva kumapoka ezviwaro zvakasanorongwa, kurongwa kwemari, uye kuvhota kwevoruzhinji. Chikumbiro chinorwisana nemupi wemupi wemipiro kana kuti utungamiriri hwebato sezvingabvira chichafuratirwa kutoti kana kuti kubatanidzwa nezvimwe zvimiro zvedzvinyiriro. Somuenzaniso, mukati memagedhi a 2018 U.S., kukumbira kukumbira kwokukumbira kwenzvimbo iri yose nokuda kwezvo kutengwa kwepfuti yakapararira pashure pokupfurwa kweBarklandland.

Kuneta uye Kuita Muitiro Unopfuura Wose

Vatsoropodzi dzimwe nguva vanoisa chikumbiro se "sirtivism" — kutora rutivi kwakaderera kunogovera pfungwa yokuita chinhu pasina tapuro ine revo. Nepo uku kuratidzira kazhinji kazhinji kusina kururama, kune ngozi huru yokuti vashingairi vanonangidzira ngwariro pamikumbiro semugumo mavari vamene panzvimbo penzvimbo pepfundo rokutanga. Kuva kunobudirira, zvikumbiro zvinofanira kubatanidzwa munhimbe dzinobatanidza misangano yavose, kukwidziridza, uye kuvhotera. Pasi peizvi zvikamu zvokuwedzera, vakuru vakuru vangaona chikungova kupfupikisa kwegarira kwehasha panzvimbo pokufamba.

Zvirongwa Zvokuita Kuti Kukumbira Kuve Netapuro Yakakura

Kuti tikunde izvi ganhuriro, nhimbe dzinobudirira dzinoshandisa gadziriro dzakabvumikiswa dzinoshandura chikumbiro kuva chinhu chine simba chokuchinja.

Kukurumidza Kuvaka Mabhedha

Chikumbiro chinowana kuvimbika apo chinotsigirwa namasangano akagadzwa, vatungamiriri venzanga, uye manzwi anovimbwa. Kushandira pamwe nemhindu dzisati dziri betsero, mubatanidzwa, uye mapoka okutenda zvinogona kugovera zvose zviri zviviri muvambi wakarongwa navatsigiri namano okurongeka. Mukati menhambo ye2020 yesarudzo, boka rezvomugariro wokunze ra 350.org rakabatirana namaganhuro omunzvimbomo kutanga kukumbira kuranga vamiriri vasingapinyi. Kukumbira ikoko kwakanga kuchibvira zvikuru kugamuchira mhinduro nemhaka yokuti kwakabva kuunzwa neboka rimwe chete, kwete munhu mumwe chete.

Yangana Muiti Wechisarudzo Chakarurama

Chikumbiro chavanhu vose ku "hurumende" hachishandi zvikuru kupfuura chimwe chakanangidzirwa kumugadziri wemitemo chaiye, mutungamiriri wesangano, kana kuti muvhoti. Mukati mezvigaro zvisina kusimba. Zvikumbiro zvinofanira kuva vanyajambwa nezvigaro zvisina kudzivirirwa kana kuti avo vakadzivisa kumira zvakanaka. Kana mubvunzo ukava wakajeka, kuri nyore zvikuru kuti vanhu vanzwisise uye kuti vatori venhau vafukidze. Somuenzaniso, chikumbiro chokuudza mutevedzeri ku "tsigi yoMutemo weGener" chinoshanda zvikuru kupfuura chimwe chinoraira "chiito chesimba reGenecrictic"."

Nguva Yokumira uye Kutonhora

Zvikumbiro zvinotangwa mukati menhambo huru — pashure pechinoitika chakakwirira, mukukwidziridza mutobvu kukurukurirano yokutanga, kana kuti nokukurumidza pashure pekero yenyika — zvinogona kuva nengwariro yavose. Momentum inofanira kutsigirwa negadziriso yenguva dzose, vatsigiri vatsva, uye bvumirano dzezvinobudisa nhau. Nhimbe zhinji dzinobudirira dzinoshandisa "tick-stock" gadziriro, kubudisa nhepfenyuro dzokusaina kugadzira nhambo dzenhau. Somuenzaniso, chikumbiro icho chinosvika siginicharendi dzomunzvimbomo chingawana nhau yomunzvimbomo, nepo mamirioni 1 anowana kudzokororwa kworudzi.

Gadzirisa Dzidzo Yevoter

Kukumbira nguva dzechisarudzo kunofanira kuita zvinopfuura kuunganidza mazita. Vanofanirawo kunyoresa vavhoti, kugovera enzanisiro dzevanoda kuroora, uye kubatana kunzvimbo dzokuvhota. Ikoku kunoshandura chikumbiro kubva pachinhu chimwe chokurega kuva chishandiso chokuronga chenhambo refu. Mukati menhambo 2022 dzeU.S., nhimbe dzinoverengeka dzekukumbira pamusoro pekodzero dzokubereka dzakabatanidza zvimiro zvokunyoresa uye batano kumashoko emwero, zvinowedzera zvikuru kunyorwa pakati pevasaindi.

Mupedzi: Kukumbira Sechikamu Chedhipatisi

Kukumbira kuratidzirwa kunokosha kwokutora rutivi kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, kupa simba vanhu kuti vataure uye kuraira kuzvidavirira kuavo kuna avo vanotsvaka kana kuti vane simba. Mukati mesarudzo, vanogona kuumba gakava ravose, vanomanikidzira kukurukura nhau dzinofuratirwa, uye vanoisa hwaro hwechinjo yetsika yomunguva yemberi. Zvisinei, kubudirira kwavo kukurusa apo kunoshandiswa muzvimwe zvimiro zvokuvimbisana — kuvhota, kunyunyuta, kutsigira, uye kukurudzira.

Asi kana zvikatsigirwa nemazano, zvibvumirano, uye zviito zvinoramba zvichiitwa, vanhu vangakumbira kuti vashandure mitemo.

Kunzvera zvakawanda pamusoro pemaminingini ezvikumbiro zvinobudirira, zviwanikwa zvakafanana ne Paramende inokumbira kuti zviitwe inogovera nhungamiro pamusoro pokuita nhimbe dzinobudirira. Nokuda kwemifungo inopa nzwisiso pamusoro penzira iyo pesvedzero yemikumbiro yakasarudzwa navakuru vakuru, yeAmerican Progress[ yakabudisa kunzvera kwemitengo yezviito yavagari vemo. Uye nokuda kwemifungo yenyika yose pamusoro pemibato yemitengo, [[FLT] Centre for International Genegame Information Intion [FLD:5] inogovera yezvikumbiro zvezvikumbiro mudio.Dramacracracrac.

Simba rechikumbiro harisi muingi papeji kana kuti kusvusvurira bhatani, asi muboka rarinomirira inhambo dzokuisa ngwariro huru; chikumbiro chakanyatsogadzirwa chinogona kubata ngwariro iyoyo ndokuipinza muchinjo yakasimba yezvamatongerwe enyika.