Ukama Pakati Pokumanikidza Kukanganisa Nenhimbe Dzakashata

Munhimbe dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzazvino uno, zvirongwa zvokupesvedzera vavhoti zvakachinja zvikuru. Nzira mbiri dzinokosha dzinosunda nzvero nokutsigira kwakaipa. Kunzwisisa kuti mitoo iyi inowirirana inogona sei kujekesera tapuro pasarudzo napamifungo. Kuvhota kwokumanikidza hakusati kuri kungoitawo rovedzo dzepfungwa dzinobatanidza . Dzinoedza namaune kuumba murangariro munzvero. Kurwisa kwakaipa, panguva ino, kurwisa vashori zvakananga. Pakubatanidzwa, kumanikidza kunzvera kunopa mitoo yakashata yokuvhota, mashoko akagadzirwa anogona kubvisa hurukuro yedemocratic.

Kurondedzera Kushatisa Kwokumanikidza

Kuvhota kwokuvhota inzira yenharo inomutsa nharo iyo inozvinyengera imene senzvero. Panzvimbo pokuunganidza mirangariro, vanovavarira kupesvedzera vavhoti kupfurikidza nokupa mashoko asina kunaka pamusoro pomuvengi. Kazhinji kazhinji, manikidza vavhoti kubvunza mibvunzo inotungamirira yakarongerwa kuparira panikiro kana kuti kusimbisa nzwisiso dzakashata. Somuenzaniso, muvhoti angagamuchira runhare runobvunza: "Kana waiziva kuti Candite Smith akanga apomerwa kunyengera, ucharamba kuvavhotera here?" Mubvunzo wacho umene unokarakadza kuva nemhaka, pasinei zvapo nemhinduro yomuvhoti.

Nzvero dzemifungo dzine donzo, dzinoshandisa mospecter, uye dzinoshuma mashoko kuti dziwane murangariro wavose. Kuvhota kwokuvhota kwokuvhota, mukupesana, zvishandiso zvokuvhota. Zvinowanzoitiswa nenhimbe dzezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti mapoka ari kunze uye hazvina chinangwa chokuunganidza mashoko echokwadi. Nguva inokosha. Nhamba inosarudzwa inowanzooneka iri pedyo neEcompution Day, apo vavhoota vanotapa mhaka dzinova nyore zvikurusa kupanikiridzwa zechipiri. Nepo shoko rokuti "vhotation" pane dzimwe nguva rinoshandiswa zvisina kusununguka nokuda kwemabhii api naapi orunhare rwakaipa, kumanikidza kuvhotera kunobatanidza mazana ezviuru zverunhare munguva pfupi, kugarira ruwa rweruwa neshoko chairo.

American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) yakashurikidza kunzvera kwokusatendeudzira sokuputswa kwemipimo yetsika. Maererano neAAPOR, kumanikidza kunzvera hakusati kuri nzvero dzose asi panzvimbo pezvo kurukurirano dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzakagadzirirwa kuparadzira mashoko asina kunaka. Maererano nemitemo inoongorora zvinhu zvakadaro nemhaka yokuti zvinokuvadza mukurumbira wenzvero. Kuwedzera pakuyera kweAAPOR, ona nhungamiro dzawo [[FLT: 0]] dzamazano .

Kunzwisisa Nhimbe Yakashata Inodenha

Nhimbe yakashata inobatanidza kudenha vara romushori, chinyorwa, kana kuti mitemo. Nharidzano ndeyokusekesa chivimbo nechivhoti chinopesvedzera kupfurikidza namashoko asina kunaka. Nepo ingagona kuva inobudirira, inowanzoparira kutsoropodza nokuda kwerevo dzayo dzetsika nebviro yokushatisa hurukuro yavose. Kushambadzira kwakaipa kwave kuri chinhu chikuru chezvamatongerwe enyika dzeAmerica chifo chamazuva apakuvamba. John Adams naThomas Jefferson vose vari vaviri vakatengesa denho dzomunhu oga mukusarudza cha 1800.

Gadziriro dzakashata dzinowira mumapoka anoverengeka: denho dzomunhu oga (dzinopanikiridza perero kana kuti upenyu hwemhuri), denho dzechinyorwa (kujekesera mavhoti kana kuti mashoko), uye denho dzemiitiro (kuisa zvikarakadzo sezvine ngozi kana kuti zvinodhura). Nhimbe imwe neimwe inoita kuti chikamu pakati pomuvhoti namapoka makuru. Nzvero inoratidza kuti kutsigira kwakaipa kunoyeukwa zvikuru kupfuura kunyora mashoko akanaka, asi kunoparirawo kurwisana nemudendedzeri, chinoitika chinozivikanwa se "boulerang tapuroted tration."

Nhimbe dzazvino uno dzinowanzoshandisa mitsetse miduku kuendesa mashoko asina kunaka kuvateereri chaivo. Muvhoti anoshushikana pamusoro poutsotsi angagamuchira mutsigiri anosimbisa chinyorwa chakapfava chomushori, nepo muvhoti wokuruwa anoona kushambadza pamusoro pokushandiswa kwenyika. Uku kururama kunojekesa muuyo wokutumira mashoko asina kunaka. Bva, sezvo nhimbe dzinova mashoko akawanda, mutsetse pakati pokuzivisa vavhoti nokuvachinja wakava wadzidzika.

Nokuda kwokunzvera kukurusa kwendangariro yokushambadza kwakaipa, Pew Research Center yakabudisa kunzverwa pamhinduro yomuvhoti kunzwi renhimbe. Nzvero yavo yenhimbe [[[FLT: 0] 2020] inosimbisa kuti kushambadza kwakaipa kwakaumba sei nzwisiso dzavadaviri vose.

Kukurudzira Kunoita Kufurira Kunoita Mazano Akaipa

Nzvero dzokuvhota dzinowanzobatira sechishandiso chokukudziridza mashoko asina kunaka. Vanogona kupinza nenzira yamanomano mashoko anokuvadza mundangariro dzavavhoti, vachiita kuti nzwisiso dzakashata dziparadzirwe zvikuru pasina kuzivisa zvakajeka manyuko eshoko. Uku kuvhota kunovandudza kushanda kwegadziriro dzakashata kupfurikidza nokufuratira dziviriro dzomuvhoti. Muvhoti anonzwa mashoko akaipa paterevhizheni angaazvidza semashoko anobhadharwa. Asi kunzvera kunonyandura somubvunzo usingatori rutivi kunogona kushatiswa pasi peradarada, kusima mbeu yenyumwiro iyo inorangarira kuva yakawanikwa somunhu oga.

Michina Yendangariro

Nzvero dzinoshandisa mirangariro yendangariro nechero , zvikurukuru tapuro yezvokwadi yenhema, umo kuratidzirwazve kukutaura kunowedzera uchokwadi hwakunorangarirwa. Kunyange kana muvhoti akaramba donzo mukati medani, muvhoti anongodudza bedzi mubatanidzwa wakaipa muyeuko. Gare gare, apo muvhoti akasanganazve nezita romushori, chimiro chisina kunaka chinonyunguruka pamusoro. Uku kukuvadziko inowedzerwa apo runhare rwokunzvera dzinobatanidzwa neimwe foni yakaipa. Muvhoti anozadza namabhii akashata anobva mumikoto mizhinji, anosimbisa nhau imwe cheteyo.

Muvhoti anofunga kuti ari kutora rutivi mukunzvera, kwete kugamuchira mashoko anoparadzirwa. Uku kunyengera kunoita kuti nzvero dzive dzakavanzika kupfurikidza nokushambadzira kwakaipa.

Kuunganidzwa Kwemashoko uye Kutangirwa Kwemicrobing

Kunyange zvazvo kunzvera kwokumanikidzira kusati kuri nzvero dzechokwadi, ivo vachiri vanobata mhinduro dzavavhoti. Mibato inogona kunyora kuti yaizova isingabviri kutsigira mubhadhari pashure pokunzwa nyanduro yakashata. Iyi mashoko anopinda mumagadziriro okudzivisa vavhoti: avo vanoratidza kuzengurira vangana nokutumira mashoko kwakaipazve kana kuti, nenzira inopesana, vafuratirwa kana vanoratidzika kuva vanorega. Neiyi nzira, kumanikidza kuita basa rakapetwa kaviri — ivo vanoparadzira mashoko asina kunaka uye vanozivisa zvikamu zvisina dziviriro zvevavhotera.

Iyi mubatanidzwa wokushatisa kwakaipa nokuunganidza mashoko kunoita nzvero dzinosunda njodzi ine simba(ne tool). Federal Enconstruction Commission (FEC) yakarangarira kana kumanikidza kuvhota kuchiumba rudzi rwezvitsamisiro zvenhimbe kumiraudzo yokuzivisa. Zvisinei, murairo unoramba usina kufanira. Nokuda kwehwirudzuro ine udzame hwemiraudzo yeFEC, bvunza mutungamiriri webumbiro [FLT] pandyiko yekurukurirano.

Mienzaniso Yomunguva Yakapfuura Yokushatisa Vanhu

Kunzwisisa kunzvera kunoda kutarira pazvinoitika chaizvoizvo umo unyanzvi hwacho hwakachinja tsigiro yenhimbe. Muenzaniso wakaipa zvikurusa ndowe 2000 Republican purezidarial guru muSouth Carolina. Mukati mompikisano pakati paGeorge W. Bush naJohn McKain, vavhoteri vakasainwa vakagamuchira runhare runobvunza: "Kudai waizova kana kuti ungangova muduku zvikuru kuvhota John McCain nokuda kwedaviko kana waiziva kuti abereka mwana mutema asina pamutemo? (McCan nomudzimai wake vakanga vagamuchira mwanasikana wokuBangladesh). Mubvunzo wakanga uri mubvunzi wakajeka, sezvo pasina ufakazi hwakatsigira kutaura. Yaiita pamusoro petsigiro yedzinza pakati paFodercian. Bush akawana South Carolina uye anovhood orega kushamba.

Mumwe muenzaniso wakaitika muna 2016 pakati paHillary Clinton naBernie Sanders.

Nzvero dzokumanikidza hadzina kuganhurirwa kumijaho yapurezidhendi. Musarudzo yomunzvimbomo, vada kutevera vakaishandisa kuparadzira runyerekupe pamusoro pemibato yebhizimisi yevavengi kana kuti upenyu hwomunhu oga. Somuenzaniso, nhangemutange yehurumende 2018 muMissouri yakasunda nzvero kuti mutengi akanga avhotera kukwidza mitero, kunyange zvazvo vhoti yakanga yave iri yokubhadharisa bhajeti. Rudzi rwokunzvera rwakava runobudirira kwazvo zvokuti rwakaumba kupfuudzira nhau kwamavhiki.

Zvikamu zviduku zviripowo. Dzimwe nzvero dzinosunda dzinoshandisa "kushatisa munhu" mibvunzo kuzvidza nzvimbo dzomutsigiri. Somuenzaniso, mubvunzo ungatanga ne"Unotsigira gadziriro yaX yokubvisa inishuwarenzi youtano nokuda kwamamirioni here? apo gadziriro chaiyoiyo yomukwikwidziridziridziri inenge iri chinjo ine mwero. Iyi kurukurirano mumashoko enhema, ichimanikidzira muvengi kudzivirira nzvimbo yaasina kutongova nayo.

Nokuda kwemienzaniso nenzvero, FactCked.org pamusoro penzvero dzinosundwa inopa kupeta kwakakwana kwemakemikari namatsotsi chaiwoiwo.

Kurangarira Kwomutemo Nekwepamutemo

Nzvero dzinovhota dzinomutsa funganyo dzetsika nemhaka yokuti kazhinji kazhinji hadzina kujeka uye dzinogona kutsausa vavhoti. Mutezo pakati pokunzvera kwapamutemo nemitoo yokunyengera unosiyana. Mitemo inodzorwa inogona kuva isingaonekwi pane dzimwe nguva, inonyandura kurukurirano inopfuurira pamusoro peruramisiro muvhoti. Pamwero wehurumende, runhare Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) runoganhurira runhare rwemotokari pasina bvumiro, asi kunzvera kwakawanda kunoitiswa nenziro dzinoteswa nemhoshoro, dzinodzivisa mutemo. Miteko yemikoro yemibato inoda kuziviswa kwezvitsara, asi kumanikidza kuvhotera kugona kuiswa muboka sa “kutsvaka” kana kuti“ onano yete” uye nokudaro kupukunyuka kujeka.

Kuchinja kweHurumende

Mimwe mitemo yakagadza mitemo chaiyo. Somuenzaniso, mutemo waNew Hampshire “wokunzvera” unorambidza zvakajeka munhu upi noupi kunzvera kusingaziviki mutsigiri uye kune mashoko enhema kana kuti anotsausa. Hurumende inodawo kumanikidza vatsvaki kuti vazivise manyuko avo emari. Zvisinei, kumanikidza kwakaoma nemhaka yokuti vashanyi kazhinji kazhinji vanoshanda vachibva munyika kana kuti vanoshandisa masangano eshekero.

Masangano okuvhota, kubatanidza AAPOR neNational Council on Public Polls (NCPP), ane mipimo yakajeka mukurwisana nokunzverwa. Anotaura kuti muitiro unokuvadza mukurumbira wenzvero uye unoshatisa chivimbo chavanhu mumiitiro yedemokrasi. NCPP inokurudzira vanobudisa nhau kuva vasina chokwadi ne "Chipumburuko" chipi nechipi chinoratidzika kuva chinosunda nhau yakati. Vatori venhau vanorovedzwa kutsaura pakati penzvero dzapamutemo uye kumanikidza kunzvera, asi musiyano wacho hausati uri pachena nguva dzose kuvavhotera.

Kuzvidavirira Nokufuridzira

Pakumanikidza kuongorora kuti vapiwe mhosva kana kuti vataure zvenhema, vanoda kukwidza vanogona kukwidza mhosva. Muna 2012, mumwe mutevedzeri wedare muIllinois akapomera mhosva yaimupomera mhosva yaimumanikidza kuongorora nokutaura kuti akanga apomerwa mhosva (asina). Mhaka yacho yadzikamiswa, asi inoenzanisira ngozi dzepamutemo. Zvisinei, panozosvika nguva yokuzvitonga, kusarudzwa kwagara kwapera. Kusarudzwa kwacho kunowanzova. Kumanikidza kuvhota - kazhinji kazhinji kacho kwakanzi kwaita kuti azvidavirire.

Vamwe vatsigiri vanoitirana nharo nokuda kwemurairo wehurumende wakasimba zvikuru, zvakadai sokuda shanyo dzose dzezvamatongerwe enyika kubatanidza kuwadzanyurwa kwenhimbe inotsigirwa kana kuti dare. Vamwe vanokarakadza kuti kuvhota kunorongwa semipiro yorudzi kumunhu anobhapatidzwa, kuchida kuziviswa kuFEC. Kusvikira zvino, izvi zvikarakadzo zvakaganhurirwa nemhaka yeitiro hanya dzakasununguka. Dare Rapamusoro rakadzivirira kare kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kunyange apo kunenge kuchitsausa, kutoti kwawira mumapoka akadai sokuzvidza kana kuti kunyengera.

Kutapura Kushandisa Zvemari uye Ubati Ushe Hwehurumende Hunosarudzwa Navanhu

Nepo nzvero dzinomanikidzira namano akaipa zvinogona kuva zvinobudirira mukuchinja vavhoti, ivowo vanopinza mungozi yokuderedza miitiro yedemokrasi. Vangabetsera kuwedzera kusiana, mashoko asina kururama, uye kuvhota. Vavhoti vanodzidzisa pamusoro peiyi nzira dzinokosha nokuda kwokuchengeta gadziriro yedemokrase ine utano. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti vavhoti vanoratidzirwa kukurudzira kunzvera kuisa chivimbo chakaderera mumuitiro wokuvhota noungwaru. Uku kuderera kworuvimbo rwechivimbo chinogona kuodza mwoyo, seizvo vagari vemo havarangariri.

Muuyo Unonyandura

Nhimbe yakashata inowanzoparira muganhu pakati pamapoka anopesana, asi nzvero dzinokamuranisa zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuti dzinodenha mamiriro ezvinhu akati. Mumhoteredzo yakaparadzana, kusunda nzvero dzinogona kuomesa mirangariro iripo. Muvhoti anotopanikira anotowana nyumwiro dzavo dzinosimbiswa nenzvero inosundwa, ichivaita kuti vazarukire kumashoko akanaka apashure. Nokufamba kwenguva, ikoku kunoparira chisakiso apo vavhoti vanongogamuchira bedzi tsigiro yakaipa pamusoro perutivi runorwisana, ichikudza pesvedzero inotapura.

Kuziva Zvakaipa Nezvinetso Zvinosangana Nechokwadi

Nzvero dzemabhuroketi irudzi rwenhema dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Kusafanana namasangano ezvinobudisa nhau, kuvhota kwapachivande kwakavanzika, kuchikuita kwakaoma zvikuru kuinzvera idi. Hakuna chinyorwa chavose chemanyoro kutoti mugamuchiri achiagoverana. Kusvikira panguva ino vacherekedzi veidi vanonzvera kutaura, runhare dzakatoguma. Ikoku kunosunda kunzvera betsero yechienzi: vanoshanda mumimvuri. Vatori venhau vanokurudzira nenzira inowedzera kuvavhoti kuti vapiwe runhare runonyumwira kuzviremera zvesarudzo, asi chikamu chiduku bedzi chinodaro.

Vanoita nzvero yokumanikidza vanogonawo kupinza muhurukuro yavose.

Kutsoropodza Nokuodzwa Mwoyo

Kuratidzirwazve kumitoo yakaipa yenhimbe, kubatanidza kuvhota kwokumanikidza, kunoparira kunyumwira. Vazivi vanovamba kurangarira kurukurirano yose yezvamatongerwe enyika inonyengera. Nepo kunyumwira kwakanaka kunobetsera, kusavimba kwakakwana kunogona kutungamirira kukuparadza. Kana vavhoti vose vanodavira kuti mutengi ari wose ane ushati kana kuti kusatendeseka, vangarega kuvhota chose chose. Kudzongova pasi kunotapura nomutoo usingaenzaniswi vaduku navavhoti venguva yokutanga, jahotera miuyo yasarudzo kuva vakura, vapfuutsi zvikuru. Nokudaro, kusunda kukuvadziko kwete bedzi purofiti yomunhu oga asi kuderedza nzanga yakakomba.

Dzimwe hurumende dzakaedza kurwisa ikoku kupfurikidza nokusimudzira mapurogiramu okunyora nokunyora. Somuenzaniso, Sangano reInformation Application Commission reU.S. rinogovera zviwirirano zvokubetsera vavhoti kuziva kuvhota kwokumanikidzira uye mamwe mazano okushatisa. Masangano asingaitiriti akadai seLeague of Women Voters anoronga masangano edzidzo. Zvisinei, kudzorwa kwakafanira kwenzvero dzenharo kunoita kuti zvive zvakaoma munzanga.

Kuenzanisa Kushatisa Kwokuparadzira Mashoko Nemamwe Matandi Akaipa

Kuti unzwisise zvizere ukama huri pakati penzvero dzinomanikidzirwa nokukwidziridza kwakashata, kunobetsera kuenzanisa nzvero dzokumanikidzira nedzimwe nzira dzinozivikanwa:

  • Kushambadzira kweAttack: Terevhizheni nokushambadzira kwamapikicha kunotsoropodza pachena muvengi. Zvinooneka, zvinoparirwa kumutsigiri, uye zvinopa mitemo yokuzivisa. Voters dzinogona kunyora zviri mukati ndokusundira shure. Kuvhota kwokumanikidza, mukupesana, hakuna kuzivikanwa uye kunodzivisa nzverwa kwavose.
  • Kushambadza: runhare rwamabhayima ndichimwe chishandiso, asi mabhurokaro mazhinji akashata zvakajeka("Kushandisa "X akashata") chose chose. Kuvhota kwokumanikidza kunovanza shoko rimwe chetero somubvunzo, kuchiita kuti rive rinonyengera zvikuru.
  • Nhimbe dzekuparadzira:[[FLT: 1] Rumors dzinoparadzirwa neshoko romuromo pakati pavatsigiri vanoshingaira. Kuvhota kwokumanikidza kunogadzira uyu muitiro, kuchibvumira nhimbe kusvika zviuru zvavavhoti neguhwa ramashoko rimwe chete munhambo yamaawa mashomanene.
  • Kushambadza mari: Kunotsigirwa nemapoka asingazivisi vapi. Zvose zviri zviviri kumanikidza kuvhota nokushambadzira mari kwakasviba kunoshatisa kuoneka, asi kumanikidza kuvhota hakutsaurwi nemhaka yokuti hakusiyi chinyorwa chechigarire.

Iyi enzanisiro inoratidza kuti nzvero dzokumanikidzira dzine nzvimbo yechienzi: dzinosvika zvikuru, dzinodzorwa nedzorumano, uye dzinodzorwa zvikuru. Kukwanisa kwadzo kubatanidza unyengeri nezvinounganidzwa zvemashoko kunodziita chishandiso chakaisvonaka nokuda kwenhimbe dzinodisa kuchinjika tsika.

Zvirongwa Zvokuti Vagadziri Vezvinhu Vaone Kushatisa

Kuziva nzvero yokumanikidza inhano yokutanga kukuderedza tapuro yayo.

  • Kudanidzira kwacho kunobva panhamba isingazivikanwi, inowanzosazivikanwa.
  • Munhu wacho anofona anozviti ndiye anoitisa ‘ foni ’ asi anopedza nguva yakawanda achibvunza mibvunzo ine zvinhu zvakawanda kana kuti inotungamirira pamusoro pomuroora kana kuti kuroorwa.
  • Mibvunzo inopa mashoko akashata muiyi "waizongotsigira..." fore.
  • Muridzi worunhare haapi hwaro hwakajeka hwezvinotaurwa zvacho, kana kuti nzira yokuzvibvumikisa nayo.
  • Chikumbiro chacho hachitsvaki mashoko okuverenga vanhu anozivikanwa pakuongorora kwapamutemo (basa, dzidzo, zvichingodaro).

Kana muvhoti akanyumwira nzvero inomanikidzirwa, vanofanira kuturika nokukurumidza ndokucherekedza nhamba noudzame hupi nohupi. Kushuma kuboka rasarudzo rehurumende kana kuti FEC kunogona kubetsera kuvaka nhau nokuda kwokuchengetwa. Zvisinei, sezvo kukwidziridza kuvhota kazhinji kazhinji kuri kwapamutemo, nharidzano yacho iri pamusoro pokuziva vanhu zvikuru kupfuura kurondwa. Voters vanogonawo kugoverana chinoitika chavo namasangano anodzivisa maidi akadai seChec.org kana kuti Politifact.

Nhimbe dzezvinobudisa nhau dzinokurudzira vavhoti ku "deredza kudzongonyedza kutenderera" kupfurikidza nokubvunza mibvunzo inotsoropodza: Ndiani akabhadhara iyi shanyo? Ufakazii hunotsigira kutaura kwacho?

Nguva Yemberi Yokushatiswa Nokurwiswa Kwakaipa

Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu ruchichinja, kuvhura mashoko kungangova kwakakwirira zvikuru. Mapepa anonzverwa anenge atooneka. Nzvero dzemashoko dzinotogamuchira chikwata chenzvero chinoitwa neSMS icho chinotungamirira kunzvimbo ine mibvunzo ine mibato yakakwirira. Nzira imwe cheteyo inoshandiswa muzvikamu zvemasangano anobudisa nhau kupfurikidza nokushambadzira kwakarongwa kunoitwa. Kunzvera kwokugadzirwa kwamashoko kungagona kuita kuti kushambadza kuve kwakachipa uye kuri nyore kuuraya, vavhotera vakawandisa nezvinovanzwa nevoruzhinji.

Zvichingoerekana zvavapo, zvinenge zviri kudzorwa. Dzimwe nyika dziri kurangarira kuda mashoko ose ezvamatongerwe enyika akanyorwa nekombiyuta.(kubatanidza maongororo). .Kuzivisa mapepa matatu okupa mari. Honest Ads Act, anotanga kutangwa muCongress kakawanda, angapa mitemo yemakombiyuta yekurukurirano dzose dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinobhadharwa, dzingangofukidza kunzvera kunoitwa paIndaneti. Nepo pamutemo wacho usina kupfuura, bipartisan iri kuwedzera kutsigira kukwirira kwenhimberi.

Nhimbe dzimene dzingabva pakunzverwa kwokumanikidzirwa sezvo vavhoti vanova vanoziva zvikuru. Nzvero yakabva kuUniversity of Michigan yakawana kuti vavhoti avo vakazivisa shanyo senzvero yokumanikidza vakanzwa zvakaipa zvikuru pamusoro pavose vari vaviri vanotsigira nomuitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika. Iyi tapuro inokarakadza kuti kusunda kuvhota kungava chisarudzo chinoderera nokuda kwenhimbe, zvikurukuru mukusanotarira sarudzo umo mapepanhau anotevera mari.

Kunyanguvezvo, kukwezva kwechakavanzika, chinobudirira kuchapfuurira nokuda kwavamwe. Ukama pakati penzvero dzinosundwa namazano akashata ndeyechinovhiringidza: kumanikidza kunyora mashoko akaipa kunogonesa kuzivisa vavhoti nenzira iyo inopfuudza dziviriro dzavo, nepo gadziriro dzakashata dzichipa nzvero dzinosunda donzo ravo. Kuputsa iri denderedzwa kunoda dzidzo yavavhoti, tsika dzakasimba pakati pavavhoti, uye murairo unovhara muganhu pasina kudzorwa pasina kudzorwa.

Utano hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu hunotsamira paruzivo, rune chokuita navagari vemo. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa kukwidziridza nokushanda kwavo munhimbe yakashata, vavhoti vanogona kudzivisa kudzorwa nokuraira mipimo yakakwirira kubva kuvadari. Kuona kwezvakanakisisa, pakupedzisira, mushonga wakanakisisa weparamende. Nokuda kwezviwanikwa zvakawanda pamusoro penzira yokuyera nayo kurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika, bvunza National Conference of State Legislatures[ peji pamaitiro echirongwa.

mhedziso

Nzvero dzamavhozhokero dzakashata negadziriro dzenhimbe dzinobatanidzwa muukama hunobatanidza miuyo yoruzivo. Kuvhota kwokumanikidza kunobatira semotokari inoba nokuda kwamashoko asina kururama, kushandisa mirangariro nemuunganidzwa wemashoko kubvisa chivimbo. Nepo kukwikwidza kwakaipa kuri rutivi rusingaverengeki rwesarudzo, kusunda kunzvera kuwedzera unyengeri hunosekesa kubvumiranwa kworuzivo. Voters, vatori venhau, uye vadzori vose vane mabasa okushandisa mukuderedza kuvadziko. Muvhotera akashongedzerwa nokuda kwokuva pachena kunogona kuderedza kushanda kweidziro. Mugumidziro, mabasa edemocracy anogona kuderedza misiyano yakanakisisa apo kuvhotera kwapachokwadi pakati pavadaviri, apo vasingashandiswi namashoko akavigwa kuti vasaitwe nezvinogadzirwa kuti vasave nokupanikirwa kupanikirwa.