Basa rematare anobetsera vatongi mugadziriro yemitemo rinokosha kumurangariro weruramisiro. Zvisarudzo zvinogona kuva nerevo huru kwete bedzi nokuda kwavanhu vanobatanidzwa mumhaka asiwo nokuda kwenzanga yose. Kunzwisisa tapuro dzeizvi zvisarudzo kunokosha nokuda kwavose vari vaviri nyanzvi dzemitemo navose. Chisarudzo hachisati chichingopedza bedzi gakava rimwe; chinotumira mavambo munzanga, pesvedzero dzemitemo, uye chinoumba kutenda kwavanhu mumutemo. Nyaya ino inonzvera midziro yenhau, kushanda, uye migumisiro iri kure yezvisarudzo zvechisarudzo chedare, apo chinenge chichinzverawo denho negadziridzo izvo zvicharondedzera nguva yavo yemberi.

Nhoroondo Yemajuri

Vatongi vazvino uno ndivo muuyo wamazana amakore emhindumupindu yapamutemo. Mavambo aro anodzokera shure kuGirisi yakare neRoma, uko mapoka avagari vemo akashandiswa kupikisana. Zvisinei, mukare wakananga wedare rinobetsera vatongi wanhasi akabuda muEngland yeMiddle Ages mukutonga kwaHenry II. Assace of Clarendon (176) yakavamba gadziriro yavarume vomunzvimbomo vaizopika kuzvokwadi yepomero. Nokufamba kwenguva, vatongi vaduku (vatongi) vakasarudza kusarudza kuva nemhaka kana kuti kusava nemhaka yakavakirwa paufakazi hwakapiwa mudare.

Kukura Kupfurikidza Nomutemo Wavose

Tsika yomutemo yavose yeEngland yakasimbisa vatongi sedziviriro mukurwisana navanyengeri. Magna Carta (1215) yakavimbisa maruramiro okutonga navaenzani vako, nheyo iyo gare gare yakasimbiswa muBumbiro reMitemo reUnited States kupfurikidza neSikisi neSevente Amendments. Juries yakaonekwa secherekedzo pazvose zviri zviviri simba redare redare nerokutonga. Pakasvika zana ramakore rechi18, vatongi vakanga vava chiratidzo chorusununguko, chinoshandiswa nenyanzvi dzehurumende kuti varambe chiremera cheBritain muzviitiko zvakafanana nokutongwa kwaJohn Peter Zenger (1735), umo dare rinotonga rakaregerera mhaka yokupandukira mutemo.

Pesvedzero Pamiitiro Yapamutemo Yazvino Uno

Nhasi, kutonga kwedare rinobetsera vatongi chiratidzo chenyika dzinozivikanwa navose kubatanidza United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, uye New Zealand. Mamwe marudzi akawanda akagamuchira masangano egadziriro yedare redare redare, zvakadai sevatongiwo zvavo kana kuti matare akavhengana. Kodzero kukutonga kwedare rinobetsera vatongi inoiswa muzvishandiso zvamarudzi ose zvekodzero dzavanhu, kubatanidza Chikamu 10 cheUniversal Declaration of Human Rights neChikamu 14 cheInternational Convention on Civil and Political Rights. [[FLT: 0] American Bar Association inotsinhira kuti vatongi vatongi vanoramba vari sangano rinokosha nokuda kwokutora rutivi kwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende uye kuva pamutemo kwechigaro chejadiary.

Basa raJury Mugadziriro Yepamutemo

Juries anobatira basa rakakomba sechinhu chinowana chokwadi uye sechekero pasimba rehurumende. Munhau dzoutsotsi, vanowana kana muchuchisi wacho wakasangana nomutoro wake woufakazi pasina panikiro ine mufungo. Munhau dzavagari vemo, vanowana kuvadziko uye kazhinji vanosarudza kuvadziko. Basa ravo rinotambanuka kupfuura kuita zvisarudzo; ivo vanoisa mipimo yenzanga nemipimo yeruramisiro.

Uchapupu Hunopesana Nezvakajeka

Vamiriri vanopindwa basa noufakazi hwakaoma, kubatanidza chipupuriro chinobva kuzvapupu zvine unyanzvi, sayenzi yenhau, uye mafabheti ezvinyorwa. Vanofanira kuyera kutendeseka, kazhinji kazhinji kusarudza pakati penhau dzinorwisana. Cornell Information Institute [ inosimbisa kuti mano edare edare kushandisa pfungwa dzawo dzose kuufakazi ndichimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru. Zvisinei, ikoku kunodawo murayiridzi wokungwarira kubva kumutongi pamusoro pemipimo yemitemo uye kurangarirwa kwakafanira kwoufakazi hunooneka.

Kuendesa Mutongo Wacho Neukoshi Hwawo Hwepamutemo

Kana vatongi vangosvika pachisarudzo, kazhinji kazhinji vanosungirwa. Munhau dzoutsotsi, mutongo une mhaka unotungamirira kutongerwa mutongi, nepo kupiwa mhaka kuri kwokupedzisira uye hakugoni kukwidzwa nedare. Munhau dzavagari vemo, mubairo wedare rinobetsera vatongi unogona kuva wakasimba. Kuguma kwezvisarudzo zvedare rinobetsera kunosimbisa simba razvo () uye ukoshi hwokuva nechokwadi chokuti muitiro wacho wakarurama, hauna kururamisirwa, uye hauna kusanoumbwa.

Kutapura Pamhaka Imwe Neimwe

Mutongo wedare redare wedare wevatongi unochinja upenyu hwevanenge vachipomerwa.

  • Areviswo kana kuti maruramiro - Kutapura kwakananga zvikurusa rusununguko rwomukwirirwi nenguva yemberi.
  • [ muripo wemari [ - Muzvinoitika zvevagari vemo, vatongi vanosarudza zvisakiso zvinogona kubhuroka kambani kana kuti kutsiva mubhadhari nokuda kwekuvadziko dzoupenyu hwose.
  • Tsvakaro yePublic - High-profiles inoumba mirangariro iyo ruzhinji runorangarira nayo utsotsi, ruramisiro, uye kuvimbika kwegadziriro yapamutemo.

Somuenzaniso, mhirizhonga yeLos Angeles ya1992 yakatevera kupiwa mhaka kwamapurisa mukurohwa kwaRodney King yakaratidzira kuti chisarudzo chimwe chete chedare rinobetsera vatongi chaigona sei kuparira kusagadzikana kwavagari vemo kwakapararira.

Nharo Dzakafara

Apo vatongi vanosvika pachisarudzo chinopesana nemirangariro yavose chinoratidzika kuva chinopesana chose chose nemirangariro yavose, kuchipesvedzera zvimiro zvenzanga, mutemo wavose, uye kunyange mutemo umene.

Kushatisa Mafungiro Evanhu Panhau Dzepamutemo

Miedzo mikuru inova nzvimbo dzenharo dzenyika. Kuregiswa kwaO.J. Simpson kwakawedzera kurukurirano pamusoro pedzinza, masimba masimba omumba, uye gadziriro yeruramisiro. Nenzira yakafanana, 2013 kurambwa kwaGeorge Zimmerman mukupfurwa kwaTravon Martin akanyandura Commenta track Lives Matter shams ndokutanga kunzverazve kutsva kwemitemo yenyu yapamberi pevhu. Juries hadzina kubviswa muidziyo; dzinounza zvinoitika zvavo vamene nemhoshoro mukamuri rokurangarira, izvo zvinoratidzira nokupesvedzerazve zvimiro zvendangariro zvechino.

Kuchinja Kwomutemo

Vatongi vanowanzodavidza kuchisarudzo chedare rinobetsera vatongi icho chinofumura mikaha kana kuti ruramisiro inofungidzirwa mumutemo. Somuenzaniso, pashure pa2016 kupiwa mhaka yomushambi mudare reStanford mumhaka yevatano (Brock Turner), hasha dzavose dzakatungamirira kuchinjo mumitemo yakakomba yeCalifornia nokuda kwokudenha vatano. Juries dzinogona nenzira inobudirira kuratidza kuti mitemo iripo haikwaniswi kana kuti vachuchisi vanopfuura, vachisunda vagadziri vemitemo kudzokera kumiraudzo.

Kutapura Chivimbo Chenzanga Mugadziriro Yokutonga

Zvisarudzo zvedare redare redare zvenguva dzose zvinoratidzika kuva zvinoda rimwe boka kupfuura rimwe zvinogona kupedza chivimbo. Nzvero dzakaratidza kuti kusawirirana kwedzinza mukusarudza dare uye miuyo zvinotungamirira kuderedza chivimbo mutsika yapamutemo pakati penzanga duku. National Center for State Courts inosimbisa kuti miitiro yedare redare redare redare resalarura uye majaji anomirira zvinokosha kuti vanhu varambe vakavimbika. Apo majaji anorangarirwa seakanaka, anosimbisa kubatana kwenzanga; apo anoonekwa seasina kusarura, anooneka seanokudzwa.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Zvejury

Nyaya dzedare rinobetsera vatongi dzinopa mienzaniso inooneka yenzira iyo chisarudzo chimwe chete chinogona kuchinja nayo nhau.

O.J. Simpson Kutonga Noukama Hwedzinza

Kutongwa kwoutsotsi kwa1995 kwaO.J. Simpson nokuda kwokupondwa kwaNicole Brown Simpson naRon Goldman kwakaguma nokurevererwa pashure pechiono chenhau chegore rose. Vatongi, vakaumbwa zvikurukuru navaAmerica veAfrica, vakasvika pachisarudzo chokuti vachena vazhinji vakawana katyamadza. Mhaka yacho yakaratidzira dzinza rakakamukana zvikuru mumirangariro yedare ramapurisa neruramisiro. Panguva iyoyo yakaratidza kuti voruzhinji veBlack America vakatsigira chisarudzo, apo voruzhinji veAmerica vechena vakachiishora. Kutonga kwakanyandura makumi amakore ekurukurirano pamusoro porudzi, chisimba chomusha, uye ruramisiro yetsika dzoutsotsi.

Rodney King Case and Police Custory

Kuregwa kwapa 1992 kwamapurisa mana eLos Angeles kwakapomerwa simba rakanyanyisa pashure pokurohwa kwaRodney King(capment pavhidhiyo / yakaparira mazuva matanhatu enyongano dzinoguma nenzufu dzinopfuura 60 uye mabhiriyoni mukuvadziko yezvinhu. Chisarudzo chakaonekwa sokundikano yegadziriro yedare redare rinobetsera vatongi kuisa mhaka kumapurisa. Mumhinduro, Dhipatimendi reRuramisiro reU.S. rakatonga raitonga mapurisa pasi pekodzero dzavagari vemo, kuchiguma nemhoshoro. Iyi mhaka yakatungamirira kukuwedzera kushandiswa kwemakhamera omutumbi uye kugadziridzwa murovedzo yamapurisa, kuratidzira kuti chisarudzo chedare rinotonga chinogona sei kuchinja gadziriro yedare renyika yehurumende.

Kutongwa kwaGeorge Zimmerman uye Mitemo Yokuzvitonga

Kurevererwa kwaGeorge Zimmerman muna 2013 nokuda kwokupfura kwakaipa kwepwere isina zvombo Traevon Martin kwakanyandura sangano renyika. Chisarudzo chedare redare redare redare reCommunity raisimbisa simba remitemo yeFlorida’S Stand Your Ground, iro rakabvisa basa rokurega mamiriro ezvinhu okuzvida. Mhaka yacho yakaparira kuramba, kutongwa kwedare, uye kurukurirano itsva pamusoro pemitemo yedzinza nepfuti. Kunyange zvazvo chisarudzo chacho chakanga chiri kushandiswa kwemitemo iripo, chakafumurawo mutengo womunhu wemitemo iyoyo ndokutungamirira kuzvikarakadzira kugadziridza kana kuti kuigadzirisa mubatanidzwa muhurumende dzakawanda.

Matambudziko Anotarisana Nemajaya Nhasi

Pasinei nokuti ibasa ravo rekuisa nheyo panzvimbo yaro, vatongi vanosangana nezvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa zvisarudzo zvavo uye kukanganisa chisarudzo chavo.

  • Pesvedzero yeMediya nemufungo wavose[[FLT: 1] - Facial media, shoo yenhau, uye tsinhiro yakapararira zvinogona kufungira mano akaipa anobvira vatongi. Kunyange nokungwarira, kufutunuka hakudzivisiki. Kukwira kweTwitter neFacebook kunoreva kuti vatongi vangaratidzirwa kumashoko pamusoro penhau iyo isina kubvumwa mudare, vachiputsa nheyo inokosha yokuti zvisarudzo zvinofanira kuvakirwa bedzi paufakazi hunopiwa mudare.
  • Kupeta-pfuudza kwenhau dzemitemo - Mhaka dzinobatanidza ufakazi hwesayenzi, utsotsi hwemari, kana kuti unyanzvi hwemichina dzinogona kukurira vatongiwo zvavo. Nzvero dzakaratidza kuti vatongi vanowanzorwisana noufakazi hwemishumo nerangariro yezvourongwa. Pasina mirayiridzo yakajeka yedare nechipupuriro zvenyanzvi, vangadzokera shure pamifungo yezvemari kana kuti yemifungo yomudumbu.
  • Tsarudzo pakati pajuzi - Kusarura kwakakwana kwedzinza, vatano, uye nzanga yemari kunogona kutapura kuti ufakazi hunorangarirwa sei. Nzvero inoratidzira kuti majudha ose ane bvuru angawanira mhaka vapomerwi vatema, uye kuti vakadzi havangadaviriki zvikuru mumhaka dzevatano. Muitiro wokusarudza dare, kubatanidza kushandiswa kwedenho, wakatsoropodzwa nokuda kwokuparira rusaruro, pasinei zvapo nemirairo yapamutemo yakadai seiyo yakatangwa mu [FLT:] Batson.[FLT]
  • Nhamo huru nokuneta – miedzo mirefu, muripo wakaderera nokuda kwebasa, uye kushaikwa kwetsigiro yavashandirwi kunogona kuparira kuneta nokuderedzwa kutera. Vamwe vatongi vanoshuma vachinzwa vamanikidzwa kusvika chisarudzo nokukurumidza, zvikurukuru muzvinoitika zvikuru umo ivo vanoshushikana.

Kutapura Kwendangariro Nezvemari Pavacheri

Basa reJury harisati riri risina mutengo womunhu oga kuvagari vemo vanobatira. Muitiro wokuita chisarudzo unogona kuva unonetesa mundangariro, zvikurukuru muzvinoitika zvinobatanidza utsotsi hwamasimba masimba, kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana, kana kuti zvirango zvorufu. Nhamo dzapashure nefunganyo hazvisati zviri zvisingazivikanwi pakati pevatongi vakanzwa ufakazi hwakajeka kana kuti vakaona ufakazi hunokangaidza. Nzvero dzinokarakadza kuti 1 mu 10 vatongi mumiedzo yakakomba yeutsotsi anonzwa nhamo huru yendangariro. Matare ari kugovera nenzira inowedzera kupa zano namabasa etsigiro, asi mativi mazhinji achiri kushaiwa mipiro yakakwana.

Mumari, basa redare rinobetsera vatongi rinoisa mitoro. Vashandirwi vazhinji havabhadhari vashandi kwenguva inopedzerwa pabasa redare rinobetsera vatongi, kana kuti vanobhadhara bedzi mari yehurumende, iyo inowanzova shomanene zvikuru (padzimwe nguva se $15-50) $. Nokuda kwavanhu vanowana mari shoma, ikoku kunogona kumirira kurasikirwa kukuru kwemari inotambirwa. Uku kurasika kwemari kungabatanidza matare edare redare redare redare redare redare kuvashandi, marovhavha, kana kuti avo vane mitemo inosiya norupo, vachideredza nharidzano yemumiririri wetengi chikamu chenzanga. U. Dare. rinobvuma izvi zvinhu uye rinogovera mashoko pamusoro pemari inobhadharo nedziviriro.

Kuisa Chinovhariridza: Munondo Wakakomberedzwa Kaviri

Kuparadza kunoitika apo vatongi vanodzosa chisarudzo chokusava nemhaka pasinei zvapo nokudavira mukwirirwi ane mhaka yechokwadi mumutemo. Iri simba rinobva mumaruramiro edare rinobetsera kutonga zvose zviri zviviri maidi nokushandiswa kwomutemo (inheyo yakavakirwa mumutemo weEngland uye yakasimbiswa mumutemo weAmerica yapakuvamba. Nullification inogona kushandiswa kutsutsutsumwa mitemo isina kururama, seapo majumi eNorthern ari muma 1850 akaramba kushurikidza vapoteri nokuda kwokuchengeta varanda vanopotsa pasi poMuranda Fugitive Act.

Zvisinei, kuparadzwa kunogona kushandiswawo kushatisa ruramisiro. Vatongi vose vechena muJim Crow South kazhinji kazhinji vanoshumwa vacherwa vemhosva dzavaBlack vanyajambwa, vachipfuuridzira rutyo rwedzinza. Misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, vamwe vashingairi vakatsigira kuparadzwa mumiitiro yemirimo kana kuti kutyorwa kwepfuti. Matare anowanzorairidza vatongi kutevera mutemo uye kusavaudza nezvesimba ravo rinoparadza, sezvakunoonekwa setyisidzira mutemo. Gakava rinopfuurira: kuparadzwa kwedziviriro mukurwisana nomutemo unodzvinyirira, asi rinozarurawo suo kufungira mano akaipa. [[FLT:] Dare reFoct:]

Kuvandudza Magumbo Echipfeko

Kuti vagadzirise zvinetso zvacho uye vawedzere kubudirira kwematare ematare, kuchinja kwakawanda kwakakarakadzwa uye kwakaitwa mumativi akasiyana - siyana.

Dzidzo Iri Nani Nokufambira Mberi

Dare rakawanda zvino rinogovera mavhidhiyo enhungamiro, mirayiridzo inonyorwa, uye kunyange rovedzo yapamutemo kubetsera vatongi kunzwisisa mabasa avo, mutoo wokutonga, uye mitemo youfakazi. Miraidzo inovandudzwa kubva kuvatongi(kushandisa mutauro wakajeka) nokuderedza pamutemo chidhindo chemitemo (hwunoratidzwa kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwehuru. Mamwe matare anobvumira vatongi kubvunza zvapupu (mutongi), izvo zvinogona kujekesa mapfundo enyongano.

Kuwedzera Kutaridzika Pakusarudza Zvechingwa

Kuchinja kunotyisa kunobatanidza kuraira magweta kugovera zvikonzero zvokusatora rutivi nokuda kwedenho dzedzinza, kuganhurira chiverengero cheminzvero, uye kushandisa jutrias rebvunzo dzine udzame zvikuru. Dzimwe nyika dzakatanga kurambidza zvinetso zvokusunungurwa chose chose, sezvakaitwa California muna 2020 nokupfuudzwa kweAB 3070. Washington State yakaitawo chinjo kuti ibvise tsvete yakakwana mukusarudza vatongi kupfurikidza nokurangarira kuti denho dzokutsiva hadzishandi kana dzikasadzora mitezo yeboka rakadzivirirwa.

Kuchinja Kweruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Kumajeri eAid

Maturusi emagetsi anogona kubatsira vatongi kuti vabate mashoko akaoma. Gadziriro dzokutarisira shoo dzinobvumira vatongi kutarira nokunyora ufakazi pamahwendefa. Mamwe matare anogovera mashoko akavharwa euchapupu kana kuti mashoko enguva chaiyoiyo. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rungapawo ngozi. Vatongi vanodzongonyedzwa vangatsvaka paInternet kana kuti zvinobudisa nhau dzenzanga panguva yokusashanda zvakanaka, vachiputsa mirayiridzo yedare. Matare ari kushandisa mitemo yemitemo yezvokudzivirira uye urongwa hwemichina kuti adzivise kudzivirira pesvedzero yokunze, zvakadai sechinovhara Wi-Fi mumakamu okunzvera uye kuraira kuti vasarumbidzi vapedze mafoni.

Mapombi Anoparadzanisa Zvitendero

Kuiswa pasi kwavanhu vaduku, vanhu vaduku, uye mari shoma inowanwa inoramba iri chinetso chinopfuurira. Kukurukura ikoku, dzimwe nyika dzakawedzera kuva nebetsero kubatanidza vanhu vane zvitendero zvefelon (pashure pokubatira mitsetse yavo), mari yedare yakawedzera, uye kunatsiridzwa. Somuenzaniso, nyika yeNew York zvino inobhadhara vatambi $40 pazuva, nepo vatongi vehurumende vanogamuchira $50 (50) pazuva. Dzimwe hurumende dzakasundwa kushandisa marekodhi eregi okunyoresa muvhoti kuti dziwandudze gandanga. Idzi nhamburiko dzino kuita kuti dziite kuti vamiririri venzanga vazvo zvechokwadi.

Murangariro Wokuenzanisa: Zvikamu Zviduku Munyika Yose

Gadziriro yedare rinobetsera vatongi haisati iri yavose. Hurumende dzakawanda dzinoshandisa masangano ehurumende akakomba anoshandiswa kutsiva vagari vemo mururamisiro. Germany neFrance vanoshandisa matare akavhengana umo vatongi vane unyanzvi uye vanoisa vatongi pamwe chete. Japan inotanga gadziriro yemitemo ( saiban) muna 2009) nokuda kwemhosva dzakakomba, apo vagari vemo vatanhatu vanogara navatongi vatatu vane unyanzvi. South Korea vakaedza nedare redare rinovamba vachivamba muna 2008, vachibvumira majaji kuti apedzire kurumbidza kuisa kurumbidza. Iyi mienzaniso inogovera zvidzidzo zvemitemo inoshandiswa munyika dzinotsvaka kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwedare uye kumiririra. Kunzvera kunokarakadza kuti matare akavhengana nehutsa ngozi yokuvapo kwevazivi vepamutemo, asi vanosimudzirawo kudzora kuzviisa muboka pamusoro pokuvapo kwepamutemo.

Nguva Yemberi Yamajuda Munzanga Inochinja

Sezvo nzanga inochinja, saizvozvowo gadziriro yedare rinobetsera vatongi inofanira kuva nemhesano dzinoitwa, ufakazi hwakadzika, uye uipi hweIndaneti hunopa zvinetso zvitsva nokuda kwokuwana chokwadi. Varwi vangada nokukurumidza kunzvera ufakazi hwemipimo hunowedzera kuva hwakaoma. Dare richafanira kuisa muuchapupu hwenyanzvi nemirayiridzo yedare rinotonga izvo zvinopa mhaka dzinoda kunetsa uku. Mukuwedzera, denda reCHOVID-19 rakawedzera kugamuchirwa kwemitengo iri kure neinodokuva inotambudza, zvichimutsa mubvunzo wokuti matare edare rinotonga zvarongei angava chinhu chechigarire. Nepo vamwe vachipikisa kuti kusangana nedare kunokosha kunokosha nokuda kwokuyera nokutendeseka uye muitiro unofanira kuitwa.

Mumwe muganhu kushandiswa kwamaturusi eatgoric mukusarudza uye kutarisirwa kwenhau. Zviratidzo zvokudeya kutaura zvingashandiswa kuzivisa vatongi avo sezvingabvira vangasarura, asi zvishandiso zvakadaro zvinopinzawo mirangariro yedzinza nenzanga mugadziriro. Kuisa pachena nokuzvidavirira mukushandiswa kworuzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kuchava denho huru nokuda kwematare mumakumi amakore ari kuuya.

mhedziso

Muuyo wezvisarudzo zvedare rinobetsera dare redare redare redare panzanga wakakura uye une mhesano dzakawanda. Sezvo vachengeti veruramisiro, vatongi havangopisvuri bedzi mhaka dzomunhu mumwe nomumwe asiwo vanoumba tsika dzenzanga nemitemo. Idzo itsororororo yakakomba pasimba rehurumende, chivara chokubatanidzwa kwenzanga, uye chionioni chinoratidza mipimo (nezvikanganiso) zvenzanga dzavanobatira. Kunzwisisa iyi inokosha mukusimudzira gadziriro yapamutemo inoruramisira uye inochinjika. Munhambo yechinjo yokukurumidza, simba rinopfuudzira redare redare redare redare rinobetsera rinotonga rinotsamira pakuchinja kwamaune, kuwedzera chivimbo chavose, uye kuzvipira kuva nechokwadi chokuti dare rinobetsera zvirokwazvo, rakasanozivikanwa, uye rakasununguka. Vatongi vacho vanochengeta igadziriro yepamutemo yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende inodzivirira uye kudzivirira chipikirwa chayose.