Kuparadzana Kwesimba: Chinhu Chaichoicho Chezuva Nezuva Nokuda KwomuAmerica Ari Wose

VaAmerica vazhinjisa havawanzofunga pamusoro pechimiro chehurumende yavo vachipfuurira. Chinodaro kuparadzaniswa kwemasimba nedzidziso yebumbiro remitemo iyo inokamuranisa chiremera pakati pamapazu matatu akaenzana neaduku - kaenzana(shape anodokuva rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwazvino uno. Kubva muchengeteko yezvokudya zvaunodya kusvikira kukuvandika kwekurukurirano dzako dzapaIndaneti, kubva kumitero yaunobhadhara nokukurumidza yemhinduro yengwavaira, iyi nheyo yehwaro inodzora chinyararire mitemo yaunorarama nayo. Kunzwisisa kuti kuparadzaniswa kwamasimba anoshanda hachisi hachisi bedzi chidzidzo chavagari vemo; chishandiso nokuda kwekodzero dzako dzokufambisa, mitoro, uye nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kugadzirwa kweBumbiro Romutemo

Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S., rakatenderwa muna 1788, rakatanga gadziriro umo simba rakaputswa namaune. VaFramers, vanongwarira udzvinyiriri pashure pokupunyuka naMambo George III, vakagadzira mapazi matatu akasiana: Congress (legislatititititititititititititititi) anoita kuti mitemo imanikidzwe, uye matare (arecutal) anodzivisa kudzika mutemo, uye matare (anodzora) anodudzira mitemo. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rine denderedzwa raro raro raro, uye rinoiswawo munzanga yenyu.

Bazu Romutemo: Uko Mitemo Inovamba

Congress ine makamuri maviri: Imba yeVamiririri (435 mitezo, inogoverwa nevagari vemo vehurumende) uye Dare reSamende (100, mitezo miviri pahurumende). Mutengo mumwe nomumwe unofanira kupfuura makamuri ose ari maviri muchimiro chakafanana usati wasvika Purezidhendi. Iyi bidamaral inovimbisa kuti Hurumende dzose huru neduku dzine inzwi. Somuenzaniso, mutemo wezvoutano wokuchinja zvinhu ungagona kutapura mamiriyoni anofanira kupukunyuka kunzwa, kurukurirano dzapaburo, uye kazhinji kazhinji kacho dare redare rokuyananisa misiyano. Muitiro wacho unononoka uye unova nounengedzei, unopa vagari vemo neboka ramazamuko kuti vatsigire, vatsigiriri, kana kuti vatsigire tsigiro.

Muuyo wezuva riri rose: Apo Congress inopfuudza mutemo unokwidza mubhadharo wakaderera wehurumende, kuchinja mipimo yeshatiswo, kana kuti gadziriro dzemari, zvisarudzo izvozvo zvinopinda nomucheki yako yomuripo, mhepo yaunofema, uye migwagwa yaunopinza. Bazu remitemo nderokuti zvinodikanwa zvavose zvinonyorwa mirau yakanyorwa (asi pashure bedzi pokubvumirana nokukurukurirana. Nemhaka yokuti makamuri ose ari maviri anofanira kubvumirana, mutemo kazhinji kazhinji unomirira nzvimbo yapakati panzvimbo pokuratidzira chakachena pezvirongwa zvebato rimwe. Ikoku kunogona kudzongonyedza avo vanotsvaka chinjo yokukurumidza asi kunodzivisawo ganhuriro nokukurumidza, isingachinjiki mumuitiro.

Bazu Raitungamirira: Kushandisa Mitemo

Purezidhendi, pamwe chete naMutungamiriri weSangano, Kibina, uye zviuru zvamasangano ehurumende, vane mutoro wokuita mitemo yakapiwa neCongress. Iyi Hurumende yebazu inoraira zvirango zvavakuru vakuru, inoraira masangano okutungamirira akadai seNhungamiro yeNdevedzo yeMbiko neFood and Drug Administration (FDA), inodzora muitiro wokumwe, uye inoraira mauto. Chimiro chesimba rehurumende chakura zvikuru muzana ramakore rapfuura, asi Bumbiro remitemo ichiri kudzika miganhuro yakajeka: Purezidhendi haagoni kuita mitemo mitsva kana kuti mari yakafanira pasina tendero yakarongwa.

Muuyo wezuva riri rose: Paunonyora mitero yako yemari inotambirwa, Internal Revenue Service (sangano rinotungamirira) inomanikidzira bumbiro remitemo remitero. Apo ngwavaira yomusikirwo, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) inobatira pamwe neyamuro. Apo unokumbira nokuda kwepasipoti kana kuti kadhi reSocial Security, unoshanda nedhipatimendi revakuru vakuru. Mirayiro inodzo inodzorwa yakadai seyaanogadziridza kuchengetwa kwokupinda munyika kana kuti mitemo yemhoteredzo inochinja kodzero dzako nemisero, kunyange zvazvo vachiramba vari pasi pezvinetso zvepamutemo uye utarisiri wesangano.

Bazu Rokutonga: Kududzira Mitemo

Dare rehurumende, rinotungamirirwa neDare guru uye kubatanidza matare 13 ezvikwiriso ne 94, rinodudzira mitemo nokuihwirudzura nokuda kwebumbiro remitemo. Iri simba re rezvokutonga , rakasimbiswa munhau yenhau [[FLT:] 1803]. Madison bulley] v. , rinobvumira matare kurova mitemo kana kuti zviito zvapamusoro zvinoputsa Bumbiro remitemo. Dare rinodzivirira nenzira yechienzi kubva mudzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika nemhaka yokuti vatongi venyika vanobatira nokuda kwoupenyu (zvinodzorwa kumufambiro wakanaka). Uku kuzvitonga kunodzivirira maruramiro ava vashomanene uye kudzoro dzomutemo, kunyange apo murangariro wakakurumbira ungadavirwa.

Muuyo wezuva riri rose: Zvisarudzo zveDare guru zvinotapura zvakananga upenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva. Rangarira [[FLT: 0] Brown v. Board of Education (1954), iyo yakagumisa kutsaurana kwedzinza muzvikoro zvavose, kana kuti Manda v. Arizona[ [196], inoda kuti mapurisa akuzivisei kodzero dzako mukati mhapwa. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, kutonga paroorano imwe cheteyo ([[FLT:]OG.] - Ogbergefell.[FLT: 5,], 2015], kusvika pakubvisa mimba ([FL: 6]]]]] v.[FLT]

Kuongorora uye Dzikamo Zvinoshanda

Unyanzvi hwetsika yacho hahusi muparadzano bedzi asi mukutarisirana. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rine maturusi okudzivisa dzimwe. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi anogona kuisa mutemo unopfuudzwa neCongress, asi Congress inogona kukurira ikoko nevoruzhinji vaviri mumakamuri ose ari maviri. Dare rinosimbisa kana kuti kuramba kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi kubazi rejaji rejajidhia neromukuru wehurumende. matare anogona kuzivisa mirayiro yehurumende kana kuti mitemo isati iri yourongwa. Uye Congresssion inogona kubvisa Purezidenti kana kuti mutongi mukuru we "mhosva dzakakwirira uye dare redare ramabhina."

Iyi shoo inoparira simba iro rinotapura zvikuru miuyo. Murairo wapurezidhendi pakuchinja kwemamiriro okunze ungadenhwa mudare, unononotswa nemhesano, uye pakupedzisira unotsiviwa kana kuti kuvandudzwa negadziriro itsva. Congregational dictlock (kazhinji kazhinji inodudzwa soutera) rutivi runoparira: unoparira chinjo huru dzisati dzava mutemo. Zvisinei, apo ruzhinji runoda chiito chokukurumidza panhau dzinokurumidzira dzakadai sedendamu kana kuti njodzi yemari, mwero wetsika inogona kunzwa kukangaidzika. Kunzwisisa uku kunyangira kunobetsera vagari vemo ndokunzwisisa kukosha kwekariro, nhevedzano.

Muenzaniso Wenyika Chaiwoiwo: Muitiro Wokutarisira Usingatapurwi

Kupfuura nokupukunyuka kweAffordal Care Act (ACA) kuenzanisira zvakajeka. Congress yapfuura ACA muna 2010 pamativi ebato, Purezidhendi akaiisa, uye inodokuva nyika dzakawanda uye mapoka akavanzika akakwidza kukwidza kukwirira kukwirira kwadzo kwebumbiro remitemo. Dare Gurusa rakatsigira gadziriro zhinjisa mu National Federation of Independent Business v. Seberius[FL] [[FLT]] [20202], asi rakatonga kuti hurumende dzaigona kusarudza kufutunurwa kweMidhidhi. Gare gare gare gare, Dare rakatsigirawo purofiti yemidzo yemipiti yeinishuwarenje. Panguva ino, bhishopu inodzo yakabatanidza mutemo, kupfurikidza nokuedzazve kudzokera kumutemo wenyika nemhaka yeparadzana yehurumende yakaitwa kuti ive muganhu warotevesa.

Kuchinjwa Kwakaitwa Kunoitwa Upenyu Hwako Hwezuva Nezuva Nokuparadzana Kwesimba

Funga nezvezvinhu zvitatu zvinonzi: kudzora zvoupfumi, rusununguko rwomunhu oga, uye kuchengeteka kwevanhu.

Kugadziridza Kwemari Nedziviriro Yemutengi

Dare rinoisa gadziriro huru yemisika yemari, mitemo yebasa, uye chengeteko yavatengi. Bazu guru ipapo rinopa udzame kupfurikidza namasangano akadai seSecurities and Exchange Commission (SEC) neConsumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). matare anohwirudzura denho kumiraudzo iyoyo. Kana ukatora chikwereti chemari, mifungo inodzorwa nemitemo yapfuura mumapazu ose matatu. Apo kambani inotsausa vatengi, Federal Trade Commission (FTC) inogona kumanikidza zvirango, kudzodzodzodzodzo dzomutemo. Uyu muitiro wakawanda unogonawo kuderedza kutemesa murairo asi unodzivisawo zviito zvechidziro kana kuti zvisarudzo.

Muenzaniso wezuva riri rose: Kusatora rutivi kwemabazu kunoitwa necherekedzo yepaIndaneti kugona kuisa nhevedzano yezvinofamba nemotokari dzakati kuti(zvinoitwa nomuFederal Communications Commission (sangano rinouraya), zvakadenhwa mudare, uye pakupedzisira zvakatungamirira kukutonga kwedare. Ruzivo rwako rwokutsvaka uye kuvanza mashoko kunotsamira pamashandiro anoita mabazu aya. Nenzira yakafanana, miraudzo yezvokudya yapaburi reFDA inotapura zvaunogona kutenga pachitoro chemari, uye mitemo yokuchengeteka pabasa inobva kuOSHE inotapura migariro yako yebasa.

Kusunungurwa Kwehurumende Nekodzero Dzevanhu

Bazu redare ndiro rinochengeta zvikuru kodzero dzebumbiro remitemo, asi mamwe mapazi anoitawo basa. Dare rinogona kupfuudza mitemo kuti ikudziridze kana kuti iganhurire kodzero (zvikurukuru, Voting Rights Act, Patriot Act). Mutungamiriri anomanikidzira mitemo iyoyo uye anogona kupa nhungamiro dzinotapura kuti mapurisa anofungira sei kana kuti kuti zvikoro zvinoda sei kutaura kworudzidziso. Matare ipapo anotonga pamusoro pekuva pamutemo kwezviito izvozvo. Kodzero yako yokutaura norusununguko, kutakura zvombo, kuva akavanzika pakunzverwa nehurumende, uye kudzivirira zvakaenzana pasi pomutemo izvi zvose izvibereko zvomutemo.

Chinoitika chaichoicho: Pashure pedenho 9/11, Congress yakapfuudza USA PARITIOT Act, masimba okunzvera anokura. Bazu rinotungamirira rakashandisa masimba iwayo kuitisa kusashandisa magetsi asina kufanira, uko kwakazopikiswa mudare. Zvisarudzo zvakaguma zvaita kuti chinjo dzive muInternational Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). Nhasi, kuva kwako woga wemarekodhi efoni neemail zvakaumbwa nehondo dzinopfuurira pakati pamapazu ose matatu. Nenzira yakafanana, kodzero yokuroora kwetevenete-sero yakasapiwa nebazi rimwe: masangano enzanga uye masangano ehurumende anopesvedzera, bazu repamusoro rehurumende rakarega kudzivirira Deccenset of Marrial Act, uye Dare Gurusalhedro rakakurova.

Kuchengeteka Kwevanhu Vose uye Kuchengeteka Kwenyika

Apo dutu guru rinosvika, bazu rinounganidza FEMA neNational Guard, asi Congress inofanira kubvumira mari yekurumidziro. matare anogona kupindira kana matanho ekurumidziro akaputsa rusununguko rwevagari vemo (sezviro, mirayiro yokubudisa zvinhu inorwisana nekodzero). Pashure pengwavaira yePurcestus Katrina ya2005, mhinduro inononoka (ichibva pakukamuraniswa kwematuro apakati pezvinhu), yakananga kugadziridza marongerwo anoitwa nehurumende. Muchengeteko, Purezidhendi anogona kurayira kuti njodzi yeProtementi yeProfesa yeProfence yeProsance yeMasterday (AMF) ipfuurey Borces, asi kutungamirira kwedare kunoganhurirwa. Uku kunetsana pakati pekuparadzano nerusununguko rwamasimba enyika kunopfuurira.

Matambudziko Egadziriro Yezvinhu

Hapana chirongwa chavanhu chakakwana. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti kuparadzana kwamasimba kunogona kuparira Gridlock, zvikurukuru mukati menhambo dzehurumende yakakamukana apo rimwe boka rinodzora Congress uye rimwe rinobata purezidhendi. Ikoku kunogona kunonozetsa mhinduro kuzvinetso zvekurumidziro zvakadai sechinjo yemamiriro okunze enzvimbo, kushata, kana kuti njodzi dzoutano. Kukwira kwemiramira namabasa ehurumende zvakabvisa simba kubva kuCongress, kusimudzira itiro pamusoro pomukuru mukuru mukuru. Bazu, noupenyu gumi, ringasava nomurangariro wavose, bva simba raro rokurova mitemo inoumbwa navose.

Rimwe denho nderokuti tsika inotsamira zvikuru pamipimo nokuremekedzana pakati pamapazu. Mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya, kubatana kwehurumende kwakaedza iyi mirau: Setarian fibusters, tyisidziro dzokukudza Dare Gurusa, uye kuramba kusimbisa vatongi zvakaparadza batira pamwe. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinonetseka kuti tsika yacho inoputsanya uye ingasashanda zvakanaka mudzvinyiriro huru. Zvisinei, Bumbiro remitemo rakatsungirira muhondo yavagari vemo, kuderera kwezvemari, uye vhiringidziko dzenzanga, zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuparadzaniswa kwadzorwa kwamasimba masimba anobvumirana pane zvisina kufanira uye kuderera kukuru.

Nei Izvi Zvichikosha Kwauri

Kunzwisisa kuparadzana kwemasimba kunokushongedzera kuva mugari wemo anobudirira zvikuru. Apo unosarudza, hausati uchingosarudza bedzi muvhoti; uri kusarudza kuti ndiani achashandisa simba ravakuru vakuru, uyo achasimbisa vatongi, uye ipati ichadzora purogiramu dzemitemo. Kuziva kuti mitemo inoitwa sei (nenzira yainogona sei kudenhwa nayo) zvinokubatsira kutsigira nhau dzaunoda kudzora pfuti zvikuru, ungadawo kutsigira Congress, asi teererawo zviito zvevakuru vakuru nenhau dzedare. Kana ukanetseka pamusoro pezvakavanzika, unogona kubatanidzwa navamiririri vako vose vari vaviri uye muitiro wokudzosera.

Kuparadzaniswa kwamasimba kunotsanangurawo chikonzero nei chinjo inowanzoitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Kunonoka ikoko kunogona kuva kunotambudza, asi kunopawo dzikamo nedziviriro maruramiro avanhu vashoma. Munyika umo simba rinonangidzirwa, mutongi mumwe anogona kuchinja chinhu chiri chose usiku hwose (padzimwe nguva nokuda kwengwavaira. Tsika yeAmerica yakarongedzerwa kudzongonyedza chiito chokukurumidzira apo inokurudzira. Uchiziva kuti, unogona kubata kariro dzako ndokunangidzira ngwariro pabvumirano yevagari vemo yenguva refu.

mhedziso

Kuparadzaniswa kwamasimba hakusati kuri chisaririra chezana ramakore rechi18; chisaririra chokurarama, chinodzongonyedza chinodzora chinhu chiri chose kubva panhambo yako yamangwanani kuenda kumari yako yokurega basa. Kupfurikidza nokukamuranisa chiremera pakati pamapazu matatu anokwikwidzana, Bumbiro reMitemo rinoumba hurumende ine simba rakakwana rokuita chiito asi yakamanikidzirwa zvakakwana kuremekedza rusununguko. Icho chinhu chinoshatisa, chinononozeka, uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji chinovhiringidza. Kunzwisisa nheyo iyi kukubatsira kuronga mubatanidzwa wakaoma womutemo, mutemo, mutemo, uye zvematongerwe enyika izvo zvinoumba upenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva. Nguva inotevera unorava pamusoro pechisarudzo cheDare Gurusaru, kana kuti kurukurirano yedare, kuziva kuti uri mubato werusununguko.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, nzvera U.S., project [Oyez [ yenhau dzeDare rapamusoro, uye Office Yokubudisa yemagwaro ewirirano.