Kusawirirana Kusingaperi Pakati Pekukura Nokururamisira

Ukama pakati pekukura kwezvemari nokuenzana ndiimwe yekurukurirano dzenguva dzose nedzinoguma nedzinoitika mutsika dzemari. Kwamakumi amakore, vaiti vemiitiro yavanhu vakakwikwidzana mubvunzo mukuru: Ko chaunga chingaronda fambiro mberi yemari nokukurumidza pasina kuisa ruramisiro, kana kuti kusaruramisira nguva dzose kunofanira kuuya pamutengo wekubudirira? Uku kunyanduka hakusati kuri kungodzidza. Kuumba mitemo yemitero, mirau yegarikano yezve nzanga, uye zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi zvinotapura mabhiriyoni avanhu. Kunzwisisa kutengeserana pakati pekukura nokusasarura kunokosha nokuda kwavadzidzisimukira, vadzidzi, uye vagari vomunyika vanoda kuita zvine revo rehurumende yehurumende nerendero nokuda kwemipimo yavo.

Pamavambo payo, kurukurirano inonangidzira ngwariro pazviono zviviri zvinokwikwidzana zvenzanga yakabudirira. Mumwe murangariro unotaura kuti kukura ndiyo mavambo egarikano yavanhu. Apo kukura kwemari kunoparira mabasa, kunoparira mari, uye kunobudisa mari yemitero inogona kutsigira zvinhu zvavose. Mumwe murangariro unosimbisa kuti betsero dzekukura dzinoparadzirwa sei zvinhu zvikuru sechitsama chose chose chemari inopfuudzwa yakakwirira asi urombo hukuru uye kusaenzana kungasadzikama uye kuduku kupfuura nzanga yakapfuma ine mwero umo zvinhu zvinogoveranwa. Chinetsoro chemiteko iri kutungamirira sei izvi zvinotanga zvinokwikwidzana munyika yezviwanikwa zvakaganhurirwa uye zvitengo.

Nyaya ino inoongorora kukura kusingachinji, inoongorora mienzaniso yenyika chaiyo, uye inokurukura nzira dzinogona kubatsira kudzikamisa zvinangwa izvi. Inosimbisawo basa rinokosha rinoitwa nedzidzo mukugadzirira chizvarwa chinotevera kuti chizorwisana nenhau idzi dzakaoma kunzwisisa.

Kunzwisisa Kukura Kwemari

Kukura kwezvemari kunorondedzerwa kuva wedzero huru musimba remari yokubudisa zvinhu namabasa. Mwero unozivikanwa zvikurusa ndiwo mwero wokukura kweGross Moral Product (GDP), iyo inogadziridza nokuda kwokukwira kwemitengo uye inopa rondedzero yebumbiro remari. Nepo kukura kweGDP kusati kuri mwero wakakwana wegarikano yakanaka, kunochinja zvakasimba nezviratidzo zvakawanda zvegarikano yavanhu, kubatanidza upenyu, mwero yedzidzo, uye kusvika kumvura yakachena noutsanana.

Vatyairi Vekuwedzera Kwemari

Nyanzvi dzezvoupfumi dzakaziva vatyairi vanoverengeka vanokosha vekubudirira kwezvemari kwenguva refu:

  • Kuunganidza: Mudzimbahwe renyama rakadai semichina, mafekitari, uye zvinhu zvinogadzirwa zvinowedzera zvibereko nezvinobudiswa.
  • Kukura kwedzimbahwe ravanhu: Dzidzo nerovedzo zvinovandudza unyanzvi nezivo zvavashandi, kuchigonesa kugadzirwa nokutangwa kwazvinobudirira zvikuru.
  • Tsitsiriro yematechnology: Fambiro mberi muruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu inobvumira upfumi kuita zvakawanda nemigumisiro mimwe cheteyo, kutyaira kukura kunofambira mberi.
  • Vara reProtutiom: maruramiro akasimba ezvinhu, kutonga kwomutemo, uye masangano akatsiga ezvamatongerwe enyika anoparira mhoteredzo inobetsera kumari nebhizimisi.
  • Kushambadza kwapaburi retsono: Kunobvumira nyika kuva nyanzvi mune yadzinogadzira misika yakanakisisa, kusvitsa misika mikuru, uye kubetserwa nokuparadzirwa kwepfungwa noruzivo.

Betsero Dzokukura

Miuyo yakanaka yokukura kwezvemari inosanotaurwa. Munhau, nhambo dzokukura kunokurumidza dzakawirirana nevandudziko huru mumipimo yokurarama nayo. Mumakumi amakore akatevera Hondo Yenyika II, United States neWestern Europe yakawana wedzero yakasimba yakabvisa mamirioni muurombo uye yakatsigira kukura kwedzidzo yavose, dzidzo youtano, uye zvirongwa. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, kukura kunokurumidza kweChina nemimwe upfumi yeEast Asia zvakakwidza mazana amamiriyoni avanhu kubva muurombo hukuru. Bhangi reNyika yose rakafungidzira kuti mwero wourombo wakaderera kubva pa 36 muzana muna 1990 kusvika ku9 muzana muna 2019, zvikurukuru nokuda kwokukura kwezvenga mune zvemari munyika dziri kubudirira.

Kukura kunogoverawo zviwanikwa zvemari izvo hurumende dzinoda kupedza zvinetso zvenzanga. Apo upfumi hunenge huchikura, mitero inowedzera pasina kuwedzera mwero, kupa vagadziri vemitemo nzvimbo yakawanda yokushandisa muzvinhu zvavose uye kuparadzira zvinhu kune avo vanoshaiwa.

Kuganhurirwa kweGDP Semwero

Pasinei zvapo nokushandiswa kwayo, GDP ine ganhuriro dzine revo semwero wakati wekugoverwa kwemari. Iro harisi mhaka yokushata kwemhoteredzo, kuderera kwepfuma yomusikirwo, kana kuti ukoshi hwebasa risingabhadharwi zvakadai sokutarisira vana nokutarisira vakuru. Uyezve, GDP inogona kuwirirana nokukwira kwemisiyano kana betsero dzokukura dzichiwedzera zvikuru kuna avo vari pamusoro pechipo chemari inogoverwa. Uku kuderera pakati pekukura kwemari nechinoitika chomunhu oga zvakatungamirira nyanzvi dzakawanda kutsigira mamwe mafambiro akadai seHuman Development Index (HDI), Real Real Reformation Reation Reauting Read Read Read Realformation (GI), uye OECD Rift Life Index, iyo inobatanidza mativi akawanda egariyomuko.

Kukosha Kwokusasarura

Equity inonongedzera kuparadziro yakarurama yezviwanikwa, mikana, uye miuyo mukati menzanga. Iwo murangariro wetsika wakavakirwa munheyo dzeruramisiro neruramisiro. Nepo pasina rondedzero imwe yeicho chinoumba kuparadzirwa kwakarurama, kusvika kwakaenzana kunosimbisa kuderera kwemisiyano yakanyanyisa uye vimbiso yokuti vanhu vose vane kusvika kumipimo mikuru yokurarama.

Mhando Dzekusasarura

Nyanzvi dzezvoupfumi nevazivi vanosiyanisa marudzi anoverengeka okuenzana:

  • [[FT:0] Tsvene econty inodavira kuti vanhu vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana vanofanira kubatwa zvakafanana. Somuenzaniso, vanhu vaviri vane mari yakafanana vanofanira kubhadhara mutengo mumwe cheteyo mumitero.
  • [ inomira pakakwirira [ inorangarira kuti vanhu vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana vanofanira kubatwa nenzira yakasiana. Iyi nheyo inoruramisa mutero unofambira mberi, umo avo vane mari yakakwirira vanobhadhara chiverengero chikurusa chemari yavo mumitero.
  • [ kusaenzana kwomukana [ kunosimbisa kuva nechokwadi chokuti vanhu vose vane mukana wakarurama wokubudirira, pasinei zvapo nemigariro yokuberekwa kwavo. Ikoku kungada mari yokuisa mubhizimisi mudzidzo, tarisiro youtano, uye zvimwe zvinotsigira kukwidza nzvimbo yokutamba.
  • [ Kuenzana kwemuuyo [ kunovavarira kuderedza paradzano mumari inotambirwa, pfuma, uye mamwe matanho okubudirira. Uku kuva nevavariro huru uye kunowanzoda mupiro mukuru kupfurikidza nemitero nokutamiswa.

Chikonzero Nei Kururamisira Kuchikosha

Kune zvikonzero zvinoverengeka zvinogombedzera nei kuenzana kuri vavariro inokosha. Chokutanga, mwero yakakwirira yekusaenzana inogona kusekesa kubatana kwenzanga nedzikamo yezvamatongerwe enyika. Apo chikamu chikuru chavagari vemo chinorangarira kuti tsika inoiswa mukurwisana navo, kuvimba mumasangano kungaparadza, uye tsigiro yemipimo yedemokratiki ingaderera. Kunzvera kwenyanzvi dzezvemari dzakadai se Roy van der Weide[ uye Brankovic yakaratidza kuti kusaenzana kwemiganhuro yenzanga kunogona kuva manyuko okusagadzikana kwenzanga nenzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Chechipiri, kusaenzana kunogona kuva kusina kunaka mune zvemari. Vana vanoberekwa vari varombo kazhinji kazhinji havawani dzidzo yakanaka, utano hwakanaka, uye zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, izvo zvinoganhurira mukana wavo wokuita kuti upfumi huvepo. Izvi zvinomirira kupambadza dzimbahwe ravanhu kungagona kuita kuti pave nokubudirira uye kubereka zvibereko. International Monetary Fund (IMF) yakabudisa kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti kusaenzana kukuru kunowirirana nokuwedzera kwoupfumi kwakaderera uye kusingatsiginyiki mumazuva ano.

Chechitatu, kururamisirana inhau yetsika dzakawanda, kubva pakutsigira ruramisiro yeRawls kusvika kururamisiro yeRawlsian, dzinoziva kuti zvinokosha kuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu emitezo isina betsero huru yenzanga.

Kusaenzana

Mwero unozivikanwa zvikurusa wekusaenzana iGini conagital, inovambira pa 0 (kuenzana kwakakwana) kusvikira ku 1 (kusaenzana kwakakwana). Chinotapuriranwa chemari muUnited States chinenge 0.48, chimwe chezvinopfuura zvose pakati penyika dzakabudirira. Mukupesana, nyika dzeNordic dzakadai seDenmark neSweden dzine Ginicondations munenge 0.25, dzinoratidzira chinjo dzadzo dzakawanda dzinowedzera kutsigira mutero negadziriro dzokutamisa. Dzimwe nhano dzinobatanidza reshiyo, dzinoenzanisa goverano yemari ye 10 muzana yemari inopfuurira kuidzo yepasi pe 40 muzana, uye indekisi yeGini inotapuko dzinotapura zvikuru chinjo pamusoro pekuparadzirwa.

Kutengeserana Pakati Pekukura Nokururamisira

Pfungwa yokuti pane kutevedzana kukuru pakati pekukura nemutezo wakaenzana zvikuru nebasa renyanzvi yezvemari Arthur Okun, uyo anorondedzera zvakakurumbira kunyanduka se "mugomo wemabhakiti". Mubhuku rake ra1975 kusaenzana nokusashanda: Big Tradeff[[FLT] [FLT] [1], Okun akarangarira kuti kushambadzira pfuma kubva kuvapfumi kusvikira kuvarombo kwakafanana nokutakura mvura mumudziyo unodzungaira: mimwe yemvura inorasika mutrafiti. Mubvunzo ndewokuti nzanga inodisa sei kushivirira mukuitwa kwoukwane hukuru zvikuru.

Gadziriro yekun yave ine pesvedzero zvikuru, asi nzvero yakatevera yakazivisa mufananidzo unojekeswa zvikuru. Ukama pakati pekukura nemutezo unosiana zvikuru zvichitsamira parudzi rwemiitiro, mamiriro ezvinhu akapoteredza, uye nguva inorangarirwa. Muzvimwe zviitiko, miitiro inoderedza kusaenzana inogona zvomenemene kuwedzera kukura, nepo mune dzimwe, kufambiswa kwemari ndekwechokwadi uye inokosha.

Kuwedzera Kunogona Kuwedzera Kusaenzana

Kukura kwemari hakungobatsiri munhu wose zvakaenzana. Kutaura zvazviri, nguva dzakawanda dzokuwedzera nokukurumidza dzakava pamwe chete nokusaenzana kuri kuwedzera.Muchinjo yeIndustrial, upfumi hukuru hwakaunganidzwa nenyanzvi dzemaindasitiri hwakapesana zvikuru nourombo hweboka rinoshanda.

Kukura kwakatsiga kunogona kuparira kusaenzana munzira dzinoverengeka. Fambiro mberi yezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kazhinji kazhinji inoda vashandi vane unyanzvi kupfuura vashandi vasina unyanzvi, chinoitika chinozivikanwa sechinjo younyanzvi younyanzvi. Vashandi vanogona kuchinjira kumibairo yavo mitsva vanoona kukwira kwemibayiro yavo, nepo avo vane unyanzvi husingashandisi chinhu vangava vasipo. Nenzira yakafanana, rupo rupo runogona kubatsira vashandi muindasitiri dzinosiswa kunze kwenyika nepo vachikuvadza vashandi mumabato okupinza munyika. Nyanzvi yemari Dani Rodrik yataura kuti kudyidzana kwenyika yepasi kwakaparira "trema" umo kusingabviri kuchengetedza kufambidzana kukuru kwezve kwemari, uchangamire hwenyika, uye zvamatongerwe enyika zvehurumende.

Kusaenzana kwepfuma kunokombamira kuva kwakatonyanyisa kupfuura kusaenzana kwemari uye kune kombamiro yakasimba yokuwedzera nokufamba kwenguva. Nemhaka yokuti upfumi hunoita mhindu dzinogona kudzorerwa, avo vanotova nepfuma yakawanda vanoona pfuma yavo ichikura nokukurumidza kupfuura avo vane zvishomanene zvokutanga nazvo. Uku simba, iro nyanzvi yezvemari yeFrance Thomas Piketty yakanyora mubhuku rake ra20 shamhu muMazana makumi maviri eCentury, rinogona kutungamirira kumugariro umo pfuma yakagarwa nhaka inodzora mari, ichideredza kufamba nokudzokorodza kufambiswa kwenzanga.

Kugovera Kushoma Kungakurumidza Kukura Kunoita Sei?

Kuno rumwe rutivi rwomutungamiriri, mitemo yakarongedzerwa kuderedza kusaenzana inogona kuparira kusabudirira kwomugariro wemari kunononotsa. Mitero yakakwirira pamusoro pemari nepfuma ingaodza mwoyo kubasa, kuchengeta, uye kuisa mari. Betsero dzegarikano yorupo dzingaderedza sundo yokutsvaka basa kana kuti unyanzvi hwokuwedzera. Mitemo inodzivirira vashandi inogona kusimudzira ndyiko dzebasa ndokuderedza kuchinjika uko makambani anofanira kuchinjira kuchinjo kumigariro yomusika.

Ukuru hweidzi tapuro inhau yekurukurirano yakati. Nzvero dzemitero dzakawana miuyo yakavhengana. Kumwe kunzvera kunokarakadza kuti mwero ine mwero yepetus ine tapuro shomanene kana kuti isina tapuro yakashata pakukura, zvikurukuru apo mari inoshandiswa kuisa mudzidzo, zvivako, kana kuti zvimwe zvinoparira kupfuudza zvinhu zvavose. Dzimwe nzvero, zvikurukuru avo vanonangidzira ngwariro pamwero yakakwirira zvikuru yemitero kana kuti nyika dzegarikano dzinopa zvikuru, vanowana miuyo yakashata zvikuru. Mubvunzo mukuru hausati uri kana muuyo usati uchitongo mukurusa unogona kukuvadza nguva dzose, asi munzvimbo yemigariro, uye mukuwirirana nezvizhinji.

Mienzaniso Yenyika Chaiyoiyo Yemabhizimisi

Mienzaniso inoverengeka yemitemo yekongiri inoratidzira kufambiswa kwenzvimbo pakati pokukura nokuenzana:

  • . Mutemo weCuts neJobs Act ya2017 muUnited States wakaderedza mwero wemitero yebhizimisi kubva pa 35 muzana kusvika ku21 muzana uye kuderedza mitero yaibhadharwa nokuda kwezvikwara zvizhinjisa. Vatsigiri vakataura kuti kutemwa kuchanyandura bhizimisi nokukura kwemari. Mumuitiro, mutemo wakatungamirira kukuwedzera kwechinguvana muGDP, asi betsero dzakaiswa zvikuru kuvapfumi. Mukuwirirana neCongregational Bankial Bankition Office, mutemo wakawedzera sha yemari neinenge $1.9 000 000 000 000 000 000, iyo yaigona kupinza mari yavose yomunguva yemberi.
  • Mubhadharo wakaderera unowedzera:[[FLT: 1] Kukwidziridza mubhadharo muduku inzira yakananga yokuvandudza nayo mibayiro yavashandi vane mari shoma, asi kunogonawo kutungamirira kukurasikirwa nebasa kana vashandirwi vakadavidza kupfurikidza nokuderedza kubhadharwa kana kuti mabasa anodzorwa. Ufakazi hwemiuyo yemibhadharo mishomanene yebasa hwakavhengana. Fundo yechiratidzo yakaitwa navezvemari David Card naAlan Krueger yakawana kuti wedzero ine mwero mumubhadharo muduku muNew Jersey haina kuderedza basa, asi kunzvera kuchangobva kukurumidza kwakawana miuyo yakaipa mune mamwe mamiriro, zvikurukuru nokuda kwavashandi vaduku zvikuru navasingabereki.
  • Nyika dzinoshandisa mari yakawanda pamapurogiramu enzanga: dzinoisa mari yakawanda mugadziriro dzenzanga dzinoda kuva nokusaenzana kwakaderera uye migumisiro iri nani mune zvoutano, dzidzo, uye kufamba munzanga. Zvisinei, purogiramu idzi dzinoda mwero yakakwirira yemitero, inogona kuderedza kukura kwemari kana isina kugadzirwa nokungwarira. Nyika dzechiNarmedic dzakakwanisa kubatanidza mwero wakakwirira wemari inofambiswa navanhu pamwe chete nokutsamira pakushandisa mitero yakavakirwa pamitero yakafara uye kutungamirira vanhu zvakanaka. Dzimwe nyika dzakaedza kuderedza mwero wemari kana kuti dzive nomwe.
  • Kuchinja nyika: Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, kuva nenzvimbo isina kuenzana kunobva kusaenzana uye urombo. Purogiramu dzokushandura dzinoparadzira nyika kuvapfumi dzinogona kuwedzera zvibereko zvemarimo ndokuderedza urombo, asi dzinogonawo kuparira kusaziva kodzero dzezvinhu dzinodzivisa kuiswa kwemari. Rubudiriro rwenzvimbo inochinjirwa zvikuru pagadziriro yepurogiramu nemhoteredzo yakafara.

Zvirongwa Zvinobatsira Kudzikamisa Kukura Nokururamisira

Nepo kufambidzana pakati pewedzero nemutezo wakaenzana kuri chaikoiko mune mamwe mashoko, hakudzivisiki. Mitemo yakasanorongwa inogona kusimudzira zvose zviri zviviri kuenzana kukuru zvikuru nokukura kwemari nokukurumidza. Gadziriro dzinotevera dzakaratidzwa kuva dzinoshanda munhevedzano yegadziriro.

Kupa Mitero Kunofambira Mberi Nokushandisa Mari Kwakanaka

Mitero inofambira mberi, umo vanhu vanotambira mari yakawanda zvikuru vanobhadhara chikamu chemari yavo mumitero, inogona kusimudzira mari nokuda kwemari inotambirwa yavose nepo ichideredza kusaenzana kwemitero. Zvisinei, kurongwa kwemitero yemitero inonyanyokwirira inogona kudzoresa mabhizimisi okune dzimwe nyika, nepo mitero yedzimbahwe ingadzivisa kuchengetedza nokuisa mari. Nyanzvi dzemari zhinji dzinorumbidza gadziriro yemitero yakafara pamwero wakaderera zvikuru nemhosho, yakabatanidzwa nemutero wakasimba panhaka nemhindu huru. Mitero iyi inogona kushandiswa kutsigira dzidzo, kutarisira utano, mari, uye zvimwe mutengo zvinowedzera kukura kwenguva refu.

Kuchengeta Mudzimbahwe Ravanhu

Dzidzo nerovedzo zviri pakati pezvishandiso zvine simba zvikurusa zvokudzikamisa kukura nokusasarura. Kupfurikidza nokuvandudza unyanzvi nezivo zvavashandi, dzidzo inowedzera zvibereko nokuwana mikana, iyo inosimudzira kukura nokuderedza kusaenzana panguva imwe cheteyo. Dzidzo yapakuvamba inoshanda zvikuru nemhaka yokuti inoparira miuyo yakakwirira kupfuura upenyu uye inobetsera mikana yavana vanobva mumigariro inoshaiwa. Heckman Equation[, inotangwa naNobel Mubhadharirwi James Heckman, inoratidzira kuti mari mumakore apakuvamba avana vanoshaiwa inobereka upfumi inodzoka kupfurikidza noutano hwakakwirira, dzidzo, uye mari.

Kutsigira Kutanga Kuduku Nekwapakati

Mabhizimisi maduku napakati (SMEs) manyuko makuru ebasa nokuvandudza upfumi hwakawanda. Zvisinei, kazhinji kazhinji anotarisana nemhinganidzo kukuwana chikwereti, misika, uye ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Mitemo inotsigira kukura kweSME, zvakadai sepurogiramu dzechibhadharo chechikwereti chechikwereti, mabasa okuvandudza bhizimisi, uye mirau inodzokororwa, inogona kusimudzira basa nokuwedzera. Munyika dzakawanda dzichiri kubudirira, masangano azvinobudirira akabetsera vazvinabhizimisi vakaderera kutanga nokuwedzera mabhizimisi, zvichibetsera kuderedza zvose zviri zviviri urombo neupfumi hwedamarnamistism.

Kusimbisa Mambure Okudzivirira Vanhu

Mambure okuchengeteka avanhu akadai seinishuwarenzi yokusashanda, rubatsiro rwezvokudya, uye zvirongwa zvokutambira mari zvinodzivirira vagari vemo vasina dziviriro pakuvhunduka kwezvemari uye zvinobatsira kuchengeta kugadzikana kwenzanga. Mambure okuchengeteka angatsigirawo kukura kupfurikidza nokugonesa vashandi kuisa ngozi, kuisa mudzidzo, uye kuenda kunzvimbo dzine kariro dzebasa. Mapurogiramu okutambira mari inodzorwa mari, akadai semaProgresa /Orportidades uye Brossa Família yeBrazil, akaratidzirwa kuderedza urombo nokuvandudza utano nemigumisiro pasina kuita kuti zvirongwa zvinokosha zvokushayisa basa. [[FGLT:0] World Bank [FLD]

Kuchinja Kwezvigadzirwa Zvemagetsi

Sekugadzirwa kwemichina uye kugadzirwa kwouchenjeri kunofanira kudzongonyedzazve upfumi, vagadziri vemiitiro vanofanira kuwana nzira dzokuparadzira nadzo betsero dzefambiro mberi yeruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuisa mari mukurovedza vashandi nokudzidza kwoupenyu hwose, kuvandudza dzidzo kuti vasimbise unyanzvi hunobatanidza ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye kurangarira mhinduro dzemitemo dzakadai semari inobhadharwa kana kuti mari inotambirwa pasi pose. Dzimwe nyika dzakaedza mitero yerobhoti kana mibayiro yemashoko kuti dziva nechokwadi chokuti kubudirira mumichina inogoverwa navashandi uye vagari vemo.

Basa Redzidzo Mutsika Dzemari

Dzidzo haisi chishandiso bedzi chokuvandudza miuyo yemari, asiwo hwaro hweugari hwemo hunoziva.

Kudzidzisa Migariro Yezvemari

Dzidzo yakasimba yezvemari inovamba nemifungo yehwaro: kugovera nokuraira, mikana, betsero yakatarwa, uye basa rezvinosunda. Vadzidzi vanofanira kudzidza kuti misika inoshanda sei, apo vanokundikana, uye kuti kupindira kwehurumende kunogona sei kunatsiridza miuyo. Vanofanira kunzwisisawo ganhuriro dzemienzaniso yemari noukoshi hwemipimo mukugadziridza miitiro. Council for Economic Education inogovera mari yokudzidzisa iyi mifungo pamwero yeK-12.

Kuongorora Migumisiro Yemitemo

Kupfuura pfungwa dzinokosha, vadzidzi vanofanira kudzidza kuongorora migumisiro yemitemo yakati. Ndiani anobatsirwa nokuderedza mutero?

Kubatanidzwa Kunokurudzira Kwechikwata

Pakupedzisira, dzidzo inofanira kusimudzira pfungwa yomutoro wehurumende ndokukurudzira vadzidzi kutora rutivi mumuitiro wetsika.Izvi zvinogona kubatanidza kurukurirano dzekirasi, kuenzanisirwa kwekunzwa kwemitemo, uye zvirongwa izvo zvinobatanidza kunzvera nokutsigira nhau yemitemo. Apo vadzidzi vanozvirangarira vamene savatori rutivi vanoshingaira muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, vane bviro hurusa yokubatanidzwa nenhau dzakaoma uye kushanda kumhinduro dzinoratidzira zvose zviri zviviri kubudirira kwezvemari neruramisiro yenzanga.

mhedziso

Kufambidzana pakati pekukura kwezvemari nokusasarura hakuna kupfava, uye havabvumi mhinduro dziri nyore. Ukama pakati peidzi vavariro hunoumbwa nenhau, masangano, uye gadziriro dzakananga dzemitemo. Muzvimwe zviitiko, kukura nokusasarura zvinogona kuva zvinowirirana, nemitemo inosanosimudzirwa zvose zviri zviviri. Muzvimwe zvinoitika, kushambadzira chaikoiko kuripo, uye vaiti vemitemo vanofanira kuita zvisarudzo zvakaoma izvo zvinoratidzira mipimo yenzanga yavo.

Chiri pachena ndechokuti kufuratira kuenzana mukuronda kunowedzera kune ngozi. Mwero mikuru yekusaenzana kunogona kuderedza kubatana kwenzanga, kuderedza kufamba kwezvemari, uye pakupedzisira kupedza mamiriro ezvemari amene. Nenzira yakapesana, kuronda kusaruramisira pasina kurangarira kukura kunogona kutungamirira kukusawirirana, kushaikwa kwemari, uye kurasikirwa nemakwikwi. Unyanzvi hwemiitiro yezvemari hunotsamira mukuwana dzikamo inoshanda nokuda kwenguva yakati nenzvimbo.

Nokuda kwavadzidzisi navadzidzi, kurukurirano yokukura inopa banza guru rokubatanidzwa nemibvunzo inokosha pamusoro peruramisiro, kushanda zvakanaka, uye donzo romubato wezvemari. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa kushambadzira noufakazi, chizvarwa chinotevera chinogona kubetsera kuzvisarudzo zvemiitiro zvakafunga zvikuru uye zvinobudirira zvikuru.