Ukama pakati pezvamatongerwe enyika zvemhuri yeAustralia nomuitiro wayo wokumwe munharaunda yeAsia-Pacific hwakaoma uye hune simba. Zvisarudzo zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvemhuri, pfungwa dzebato, nhevedzano yezvirongwa zvevhota, uye murangariro wavose zvose zvinoumba kuti Australia inobatanidza sei navavakidzani vayo namasimba enyika yose. Kunzwisisa uku kunobetsera kutsanangura chinjo mutsika dzokunze kwenguva, kubva kutsinhirano yapedyo neUnited States mukati meHondo Yemashoko kusvikira kuchiito chakajeka zvikuru chezuva razvino. Nokuda kwavadzidzi veukama hwamarudzi ose nezvamatongerwe enyika zveAustralia, kunzvera iyi kurukurirano yomukati, chengeteko, uye mari zvinoratidzirwa sei kunze kuchikamu chenharaunda.

Mavambo Enhau: Kuchinjwa Kwakaitwa Mitemo Yematongerwe Enyika Nehurumende

Mbeu dzetsika dzokumwe dzeAsia-Paccolation dzeAustralia dzakasimwa munguva yehurumende yokumwe namazuva apakuvamba okupanwa. White Australia Policy, hwaro hwezvamatongerwe enyika zvemhuri kuvambira muna 1901 kusvikira kuma 1970, dzakaganhurirwa zvakajeka kutamira kweEurope ndokutanga pfungwa yedaro redzinza neretsika kubva kuvavakidzani veAsia. Iyi bvumirano yomumusha yakatapura zvakananga ukama hwokumwe: Australia yakanga ichinonoka kupinda mukurukurirano namarudzi mazhinji eAsia uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji yakarangarira fambiro mberi dzenharaunda kupfurikidza neFraviti yokudzivirira kuMadokerokuMadokero-Ester. Muitirowo wakadzivisa mano eAustralia okuvaka chivimbo nenyika itsva dzakazvimirira muSoutheast Asia pashure peHondo yeNyika II.

Kuchinja Kwakaita Hondo Yenyika II Yapera

Kuwa kwesimba roumambo reBritain muPacific nokumuka kweJapan setyisidziro yakamanikidzira Australia kurangarirazve mubatanidzwa wayo. Mudzimba, kutya kwe “tyisidziro iri kuuya yeAsia” kwakashandiswa nehurumende dzinotevedzana kururamisa mubatanidzwa wakasimba neUnited States. ANZUS Treaty, yakasainwa muna 1951, yakanga iri chibereko chemirangariro yehurumende inorwisana necommuninism seyaiva chinodikanwa chaichoicho. Mutungamiriri wehurumende Robert Menzies, uyo akabvumikisa kudzora kwakasimba kwetsika kwedzimwe nyika, akaisa mutemo wokumwe nyika sewedzero yokuchengeteka kwemhuri. Hurumende yake yakatsigira nokushingaira kwemauto muVietnam, rutivi rumwe rutivi kuchengeta kuwirirana nokugutsa kuwanda kwechikwata chenyika chakabatana chapasi peAsia.

Kuchinja Kwebasa Muma 1970

Sarudzo yeGough Whitlam’s Labor Government muna 1972 yakaratidzira chinjo huru yezvamatongerwe enyika yomumba iyo yakachinja nhungamiro yetsika dzokunze. Whitlam akabvisa White Australia Policy, akatanga ukama hwezvemasangano neRepublic yeChina (mwedzi minomwe pamberi peUnited States yakaita, pasi peNixon), uye yakavamba kusvika kwakazvimirira zvikuru kunharaunda. Iyi chinjo yakadzorwa nechiteshi cheBarenti yeBal Party icho chaisimbisa tsika dzenyika, delon, uye rezvoudiastristrist. Zvinjo zvamatongerwe enyika zvehurumende zvehurumende pamusha (zvikamu zvinowirirana nebvumirano zvikuru nenhau dzinodavirwa neIries) yaitsvaka nzvimbo yenyika imwe nzvimbo yeAustralia sesimba rinovakavakamuramurambira muAsia kuti chinjo mubato wokutonga kwaigona kuita nokukurumidza, kuonekazve.

Zvisakiso Zvemasangano: Nzira Iyo Mikoto Yezvamatongerwe Enyika yeAustralia Yakapesvedzera Nayo Mumusha

Gadziriro yeWestminster yeAustralia inonangidzira ngwariro kusimba remiitiro yokumwe mumukuru mukuru, zvikurukuru Mutungamiriri weSangano reMimwe Mikuru, Mutungamiriri weMitunhu, uye Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT). Bva matongerwe enyika omudzimba anopinza mugadziriro iyi kupfurikidza nemikoto mishomanene.

Mitemo Yeboka Nezvokudyidzana

Masangano makuru ezvamatongerwe enyika − Liberal-National Coalition neAustralian Labor Party . Coalition inokombamira kuisa mubatanidzwa wetsika wakasiana neUnited States, mari inodzivirira, uye gadziriro dzezvokudzivirira. Basa rinowanzosimbisa kukurukurirana kwedzimwe nzvimbo, kubatana namasangano akadai seASEAN and United Nations, uye basa rakasimba zvikuru nokuda kwebetsero yokubudirira. Iyi misiyano haisati iri yose iri yose inowirirana neUnited States, asi inopa mipimo inopesana apo iri muhurumende.

Mafungiro Evanhu Nemapoka Anofarira

Somuenzaniso, kubatanidzwa kweAustralia muHondo yeIraq yeGwaro ra2003 kwakanga kuri chisarudzo chakasundwa nokunyatsowirirana kwehurumende yeHoward Government neUnited States, asi kwakatsigirwawo nevakawanda veAustralia panguva iyoyo. Nokufamba kwenguva, kusava nechokwadi kwavanhu pamusoro pezvibvumirano zvehondo zvokune dzimwe nyika dzemakungwa kwakaita kuti hurumende dzenguva yemberi dzingwarire zvikuru. Nenzira yakafanana, kupindira kwehurumende dzemumba pakuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kwakamanikidza hurumende dzeAustralia kugadzirisa nhau dzemhoteredzo mumibatanidzwa yenharaunda, dzimwe nguva kuchidziita kuti dziwirirane nevamwe seUnited States kana kuti nezvicherwa zvezvicherwa zvemariso zvomudzimba. Simba rezveri dzemazaresimusoko, kufarira kukuru kwemugoveri weAustralia kudzosadzisodziso kunzvimbo dzinodzorwa nokungwarira mamiriro okunze ehurumende.

Kushanda Munzanga Nokupesana Kwamarudzi Ose

Nyika dzeAustralia nenzvimbo dzinopindawo mumiitiro yokumwe kupfurikidza no “murakatira.” Somuenzaniso, batano dzakasimba dzebhizimisi dzeWestern Australia neChina, kutengeswa kwemarasha negasi kweQueensland, uye kubatira pamwe kweNew South Southern Wales nehurumende dzeSoutheast Asia zvose zvinopesvedzera kusvika kwehurumende yehurumende yezvoupfumi yeruwa. Mukati medenda reCHOVAID-19, hurumende inobatana zvakananga neChina nebvumirano dzezvokurapa mishonga, dzimwe nguva inoparira kupesana nenhau yehurumende yehurumende ye“ chiChina.. . . Izvozvi zvinowedzera kuoma kwetsika yeAustralia yedzimwe nyika muAsia-Pigropo.

Kuongorora Nyaya: Zvematongerwe Enyika Mumhuri

Kupindira kweEast Timor (1999)

Chisarudzo chokutungamirira boka rinochengetedza rugare muEast Timor muna 1999 chakanga chiri nguva inokosha mumutemo wokune dzimwe nyika. Mudzimba, Hurumende yeHoward yakatarisana nedzvinyiriro inobva kumapoka ekodzero dzevanhu, masangano echechi, uye chishoro cheBara kuti itsigire vhoti yeEast Timorse kuzvitonga kweSuharto yeIndonesia. Kusada kwokutanga kwehurumende, yakanga yaisa ukama hweIndonesia, kwakakurirwa neboka revoruzhinji raidzorwa nechisimba chakatevera kukwirira kwemubatanidzwa wehurumende. Kushora kwakaratidza kutsigira kukuru kukuru nokuda kwokupindira kwemauto muuto reSuharto reAustralia kupfurikidza neForliance Timor (INTERET). Mhaka iyi inoratidzira kuti mubatanidzwa wezvinobudisa nhau zvomumusha, nzanga yenzanga yehurumende, uye bisanparmapalson inogona kutsigira kunyevera mutemo wokune imwe nyika yokumwe nyika.

Mutsvaki weAsylum Policio and Regional Ukama

Mitemo yeAustralia inotsvaka chengeteko yakapesvedzerwa zvikuru nekakavadzano dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzomumba, uye ine miuyo yemiitiro yakananga yedzimwe nyika. “Pacipec Solution” yegadziriro yemhenderekedzo yegungwa, yakaitwa neHurumende yeHoward Tampa, yakanga iri mhinduro kurutyo rwemhuri pamusoro pekuchengeteka kwemiganhu. Hurumende dzinotevera (matongedzero) dzose dzebasa neCoalition(Kolition) dzakachengeta misiyano yeiyi muitiro, pasinei zvapo nokutsoropodza kweUnited Nations neboka rezvikamu zveruwa kufanana neIndonesia. Mitemo yehurumende yavose inotsigira zvakasimba, ichiita kuti zviomereredzere, kuita kuti hurumende ipi neipi iendere kumijairo younaniso. Iyi yakakanganisa ukama hweAustralia neIndonesia, iyo yakatakura mutoro wokutama, uye yaparira kunyandurukira kuNew Zealand inopfuutsa . Migariro yedzimwe nyika dzinopa mukurumbira wavanhu munyika yose inopikiswa nokureverwa nokuda kwekodzero dzavanhu.

Tsika Yechibvumirano Negakava Rezvamatongerwe Enyika Remhuri

Muna 2021, Australia yakazivisa AUKUS, mubatanidzwa wezvikepe zvehondo wechitatu wechengeteko neUnited States neUnited Kingdom unobatanidza kuwanwa kwengarava dzehondo dzine simba renyukireya. Chisarudzo chacho chakasundwa nenzvero yePublion Government yeTshayina yezvombo uye kudikanwa kwokushatisa ruzivo rwehondo kubva pabvumirano yeFrance. Mushato wemhuri, chibvumirano chakagamuchira tsigiro yakasimba yebipartisan kubva kuCoalition ne Labor, chinoratidzira bvumirano chisingawanzoitiki pamusoro peU. Zvisinei, kurukurirano yemhuri yakatanga kubvira panguva inotengwa, inotsigirwa neyamubatanidzwa namakore akawanda eAustralia. Kana kuti Australia yakagona kuchengeta zviteshi zvenyukireya. Kubviswa kwechiFrench kwakaitawo chibvumirano cheFrance neEurope Union. AUUS inoratidzira sei dare rezvamatongerwe enyika renyika dzehurumende.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze

Kuchinja kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwemhuri pamusoro pekuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kwakanetsazve muitiro wokunze kweAustralia munharaunda. Kubva pakuramba kwaHoward Government kuVudio yeKyoto kusvika kukuvakwa kweBook Government yeBook. Gadziriro yezvomugariro wemo yeAustralia yave ichidzorwa kazhinji kazhinji nehondo dzomukati panzvimbo pezvine chokuita nenharaunda. Panguva ino, Pacific Island yakadai seFiji, Tuvalu, uye Vanuatus (“yavanum), yakadana nomutoo unowedzera nokuda kwechiito chakasimba zvikuru pakubudisa tsvina, kuparira kusawirirana kwemitezo. Kuzvirongwa zvehurumende 2021 kupfuradzirwa ne 2050 kwakamanikidzwa nokumanikidzwa nedzvinyiriro yedzimba dzeruwa dzeLiberal neNational National re kuvimbika kweruwa. Mu 2023, Alban Govern Government yehurumende yechika yeAustralia inova nea inova nea inovandudzi dzinooneka nokukurumidza muukama hwezvamatongerwenyika dzenyika dzenyika dzenyika dzapasi.

Nhau Huru Dzenharaunda Dzakapesvedzerwa Nematongerwe Enyika Mudzimba

Chinetso CheChina: Kuronga Mabhizimisi Nokuchengeteka

Ukama hweAustralia neChina ndihwo ukama hwezvisakiso zvikurusa hwezvipfuro zvemagaro muAsia-Pacific, uye hunotapurwa zvikuru nezvamatongerwe enyika zvomumba. Betsero dzemari dzebhizimisi reChina dzakatsigirwa kare namapoka ose ari maviri makuru, asi kukura itiro hanya pamusoro pechengeteko , zvikurukuru pashure pekupomero dzokumwe dza 2018 dzekudzongonyedza kwapanyika. Chibvumirano pasi paScott Morrison chakava nemutsetse wakaoma zvikuru paChina, kurambidza Huawili kubva pasocinete napano yokurwisana nehurumende. Basa rakatsigirawo mativi mazhinji eizvi asi rakasimbisa kurongedzero yavose. Murangariro wehurumende yakachinja kupanikidzana pamusoro pokusavirira mari yeChina, nokunzvera kuratidzira zvinyorwa zvavanhu. Chimiro ichi chinodzivisa kubatira hurumende chibvumirano chehurumende chibvumirano chehurumende munzanga chavanhu.

Chibvumirano chePacific: “Mhuri Yakanaka Yakaoma ”

Gadziriro yeAustralia kuPacific Islands yakadzoserwazve muHurumende yeAlbanise, iyo yakawedzera yamuro yokubudirira, yakatangazve nzvimbo yeKiribatia, uye yakasaina chibvumirano chechengeteko neTuvalu. Zviito izvi zvimwe zviito imhinduro kupesvedzero inokura yeChina munharaunda yacho, asi zvinoratidzirawo nhamba yezvamatongerwe enyika: nzanga yeAustralia yakaratidza kuitira hanya kwakawedzerwa nokuda kwechinjo yenzvimbo yokunze uye basa reAustralia seshamwari kuPacific. Chinyorwa chemhuri chePacific chakabatanidzwa naMutungamiriri weMaruwa Penny Wong·aims kugadzira chivimbo nehurumende yekare inoshatapukira pamusoro pemamiriro okunze. Iyi purogiramu inodzongedzero inotsigirwa mumipimo yavagari vemo yemo yenzanga neronze, inoratidzira kuti muitiro wokumwe nyika inogona kuva jingaramisi yepasi penyika.

Kuberekwa Navo

Chinoitika chichangobva kuitwa ibatanwa yeAborigine neTorres Strait Islands mumiitiro yokumwe. Ulu State inobva kumwoyo inoda kuti pave nemumiririri weMarudzi wokutanga muCanberra uye kuzivikanwa mumarudzi ose. Hurumende yeAlbanese yatanga Indior Diplomacy neSiginement Unit yoUnity uye inogadza nhume yeMarudzi yokutanga. Iri sangano renyika renyika yeIndaneti kuyananiso riri kutanga kuumba kuvimbisana kweAustralia nenharaunda, zvikurukuru nenyika dzePacific dzinogoverana nhaka. Somuenzaniso, Australia zvino co-sponsorsssss inosarudza kodzero paIGlobance paUN uye inotora rutivi mukurukurirano yetsika neVaVanuatukeria neFiji.

Miitiro Yazvino Nenhungamiro Zvomunguva Yemberi

Australia painoramba ichirwisa mamiriro ezvinhu eAsia nePacial, basa rematongerwe enyika emhuri richaramba rakakomba.

Kuwedzera Kwokuchinja Pfungwa uye Kuchinja Kwemitemo Yokumwe

Kuwedzera kwezvamatongerwe enyika zveAustralia (-aresarn) nezvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga, zvinobudisa nhau, uye kumuka kwemapati maduku(*) zvingatungamirira kumiitiro mikuru mune yokumwe. Kana hurumende dzikapinza pakati pekudzorwa kwechibvumirano nemitoo yokuyananisa kuChina nesarudzo imwe neimwe, vakwanyina veruwa vangarangarira Australia somutambi asina kuvimbika. Sarudzo yehurumende 20222 yakaona Labor ichiwina pachikuva chetsigo, murutivi kukurira mifungo yokusasarura pasi pehurumende yapfuura.

Kupesvedzera Kwetsika dzeAustralia

Nzvero dzemirangariro yavose dzakaitwa neLowy Institute dzinoratidza nguva dzose kuti vanhu veAustralia vanokoshesa mubatanidzwa weUnited States nehurumende yedemocracy, asi vanotsigirawo muitiro wokuzvimirira wokumwe nokuvimbisana neAsia. iyi mipimo inoparira nzvimbo yapakati iyo hurumende zhinjisa dzinogamuchira.

Basa reDare NemaMP

Dare reAustralia nenhamba iri kuwedzera yemitezo yakazvimirira neyavaduku yeparamende inogona kupesvedzera muitiro wokumwe kupfurikidza nokubvunza kwedare, zvikwereti zvemitezo yakavanzika, uye kushambadza kwavanhu vose. Somuenzaniso, muchinjikwa waita kuti uonekwe zvikuru muzvombo uye nokuda kwechiito chakasimba panjodzi yeMyanmar. Nepo hurumende inoramba ichitaura chirevo chokupedzisira, aya manzwi omumba anogona kuumba zvirongwa ndokuunza ngwariro kunhau dzinoregeredzwa.

Kupindira Mune Zvemari

Fariro dzemari dzedzimba ($8) sezvinooneka migodhi, zvokurima, uye zvikamu zvedzidzo zvinopfuurira kuva nepesvedzero. Ukama hwezvokutengeserana neChina hunoramba huchikosha, asi kupinza zvakawanda mumisika seIndia, Indonesia, uye Vietnam chinhu chokutanga chakataurwa namapoka ose ari maviri. Matongerwe enyika edzimba achasarudza nhano netambanuko yokuwedzera kwakadaro, zvikurukuru apo kunobatanidza masangano anotapukira mune zvamatongerwe enyika sezvokurima kana kuti pfuma.

mhedziso

Ukama pakati pezvamatongerwe enyika zvemhuri yeAustralia nomuitiro wazvo wokumwe muAsia-Pacific hahusi hahwo hunongova hahwo kuda kuziva kwedzidzo; iidi rinoshanda rinoumba chimiro chenyika munharaunda. Kuvambira pakubviswa kweWhite Australia Policy kusvikira kukusinwa kweAUKUS, chinjo dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzenyika dzakaita chinjo dzinooneka mumabatire anoita Australia navavakidzani vayo. Kunzwisisa izvi simba zvinobetsera vadzidzi navadzidzi navadzidzisi kunzwisisa mufananidzo wakazara woukama hwenyika yose (hwusati huri rutivi rwakaparadzana rwechisarudzo chakatanhamara, asi sewedzedzero yenharo pamusoro pezvizivikanwa, kubudirira, uye chengeteko. Sezvinoita nyika inochinja, muitiro wokumwe kuAustralia ichapfuurira kuratidzira zvisarudzo zvinoitwa navagari vayo vavo vakasarudzwa.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, ona Parliamentarial Library yefundo yemitemo yokunze yeAustralia, [[FLT:] Lowy Institute] Kunzvera kweAustralia zvimiro zvendangariro kunyika [, uye [[FLT:] tsigiro yeMakurukota naTrade[FLT]] nokuda kwemashoko emisi yazvino uno. Basa redzidzo yemisi yeruwa pamanyuko eAustralia emitemo yokumwe nyika rinogona kuwanikwa pa [[[FLT]] Asset Asia [[FLT]]] uye muzvinyorwa zvinobva [FLT]