Sumo

Kutarisira kwomutemo iko kudzorwa kwokuzvidavirira, kuchigonesa maparamende namasangano kunzvera zviito, mitemo, uye ndyiko zvebazu guru. Kupfuurezvo kwomuitiro webumbiro remitemo, inoshanda somutoo unoshanda zvikuru wokuita kuti simba revoruzhinji riitwe mutsinhirano nomutemo, nomutoo unoshanda, uye mufariro yavose. Mumitemo yazvino uno yehurumende dzinotonga, mabasa okutarisira akachinja kubva kunzvero dzenhambo nenhambo kusvikira kuinopfuurira, mirangariro yakarongedzero yakaro yakarotemwa iyo inoshandisa muvhenganiswa wemiitiro yamagamuchidzanwa nemichina yakakwirira. Iyi inonzvera zvishandiso zvikuru zvoutariri hwemitemo, kunzvera zvikumbiro zvinoshanda, uye kurukurirano zvinoshanda.

Kutarisira kunobudirira kunoda kwete bedzi chiremera chapamutemo asiwo simba resangano, kuda, uye kuvimbisana nenzanga yavagari vemo. Zvikamu zvinotevera zvinoputsa madonzo makuru, zvishandiso, uye unyanzvi izvo vaiti vemirayiro navashandi vavo vanogona kushandisa kuita iri basa rinokosha. Nokuda kwemamwe mashoko pamusoro pemipimo yenyika yose, Inter-Parliamentation Union[ inogovera nhungamiro yakakwana pamasangano anotarisira eparamende.

Kukosha Kwoutariri Hwomutemo

Kutarisira hakusi kungoongorora hurumende; chishandiso chinoshanda kuti igadzirise migumisiro uye kuti iwedzere kuva pamutemo wehurumende yeruzhinji. Ukoshi hwayo hunogona kunzwisiswa nemabasa akawanda akabatana:

Kuzvidavirira uye Kunzvera Simba Rine Simba Rine Simba

Mugadziriro dzamasimba akaparadzana, masangano emitemo anogovera wirirano kuchiremera chavakuru vakuru. Kupfurikidza nokunzwa, kunzvera, uye hwirudzuro dzemari, maparamende anovimbisa kuti vashumiri navabatiri vehurumende vanoruramisa zvisarudzo zvavo uye vanotarisana nemiuyo nokuda kwokusashandiswa zvakanaka kana kuti kushatiswa. Uku kuzvidavirira kwakananga nokunokwandika kunokosha kudzivirira kuiswa munzvimbo yesimba nokukukurwa kwechiremera.

Kuvimba Nomunhu Wose

Kana zvirongwa zvokutarisira zvichiitwa pachena, zvichitemwa, zvichibudiswa, uye mashoko anowanika, zvinova nechivimbo muhurumende.Vamiririri vavo vanogona kuona kuti vari kuongorora kuti vabhadhari vemitero vanoshandisa sei mari uye kutevedzerwa kwemitemo. Nenzira yakapesana, kushayikwa kwoutariri kunokanganisa chivimbo uye kunoita kuti vanhu vafunge uori.

Kushandisa Mitemo Nokudzidza

Mitezo inodzorwa inowanzozivisa mikaha pakati pevavariro dzemitemo nokuitwa kwehurumende. Kupfurikidza nokuyera mashandiro ne migumisiro inotungamirira, matare anogona kurumbidza gadziridzo, mitemo yakareruka, kana kuti kugadzira mutemo uri nani. Kugadziridza uku kunochinja kuva kugadziridzwa kunopfuurira nokuda kwokudzora.

Chirango Chokuronga Nokushanda Kwacho

Kuhwirudzura kuiswa kwemari nokuitisa kunzvera kushanda kunobetsera vabati vemitemo kuona tsvina, kunyengera, uye kusawirirana. Somuenzaniso, United States Government Accouncial Office (GAO) inoparadzira nguva dzose zviwanwa zvinochengetedza mabhiriyoni amadhora kupfurikidza nokuvandudza kunorumbidzwa. Masangano akafanana akafanana namasangano makuru okunzvera munyika yose anobatira pamwe neparamende kuvimbisa mutoro wemari.

Mashandiro Anokosha Okutarisira Nomutemo

Mitemo ine chishandiso chakasiana - siana chokutarisira. Chisarudzo chechishandiswa chinotsamira panhau yacho, mwero wekurumidziro, uye mashoko akapoteredza zvamatongerwe enyika. zviridzwa zvinoshandiswa zvikuru zvinobatanidza:

Kutongwa Kwavose Nouchapupu HweZvapupu

Kunzwa ndicho chishandiso chinooneka zvikurusa. Matare anokoka vashumiri, vakuru vakuru vehurumende, nyanzvi, uye vagari vemo vakatapurwa kupa chipupuriro chakapikirwa. Marusando aya anogona kuva okunzvera kukundikana chaiko(kana kuti kuronga kwemiitiro inoiswa murutivi rwenguva yemberi). Kushanda, kunzwa kunofanira kusanogadziriswa, nokunzwa kupfupikiswa nemirambo yakajeka yebvunzurudzo. Simba reSubpoena rokumanikidza uchapupu inyanzvi inonzvera.

Mibvunzo yeParamende uye Nguva Yayo

Mumiitiro yeWestminster , mibvunzo yakanyorwa neinotaurwa inobvumira vaiti vemitemo vamwe navamwe kuzvidavirira panhau dzakananga. “Nguva yeChinjo” inogovera procon alwosement. Uku kuchinja kunoparira chinyorwa chavose uye kazhinji kazhinji kunomanikidzira mukuru mukuru kujekesa nzvimbo kana kuti kubvuma kunonozeka. Maparamende mazhinji zvino anobudisa manyuko emibvunzo kuti awedzere kujeka.

Kubvunza Kunoitwa neDare uye Kuongorora Chaiko

Matare akamira kana kuti anoongorora zvikuru anogona kuita nzvero huru munhau dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzakadai semhosho dzouori, mhinduro dzengwavaira dzomusikirwo, kana kuti kundikano hurusa dzebasa. Nzvero dzinobatanidza zvikumbiro zvezvinyorwa, shanyo dzenzvimbo, uye kubvunza kwounyanzvi. Mishumo inovapo kazhinji kazhinji ine rumbidzo dzinotakura uremu hwezvamatongerwe enyika uye dzinogona kutungamirira kuchinjo dzomutemo kana kuti kumatare.

Mitemo Nokutarisira Mari

Mitemo inotsamira pamasangano akazvimirira anonzvera anobhadharwa , akadai se International poseltar Organization of Supperal APULIStitions (INUNDINA)] kuti ione maakaundi ehurumende nokuitwa kwepurogiramu. Zviwanwa zvePurce Agement Office Komiti (kana kuti zvakafanana nayo), iyo inonzvera vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru. Iyi denderedzwa rokunzvera, kuhwirudzura, uye rumbidzo igadziriro inotsiridza kuzvidavirira.

Kuwana Simba Romutemo Nokusimbisa

Mumitemo yakawanda, paramende inofanira kubvumira kugadzwa kwavakuru, zvibvumirano, kana kuti mirau. Kusimbisa kunobvumira matare kuisa zvibvumirano kuti zviitwe. Nenzira yakafanana, vadzori vemitemo pamusoro pemirairo yehurumende kana kuti mitemo yesangano vanopa chenjero yakananga pachiito chisina kubatana.

Mushandi Wezvishandiso Nezvishandiso Zvehurumende Zvinonyunyuta

Izvi zvinowedzera kutarisira kunoita vatungamiriri vehurumende nokukurukura zvigumbu zvingasabuda mune zvimwe midziyo.

Nzira Dzokutarisira Dzinobudirira

Kuva nemidziyo yakarurama hakuna kukwana; vaiti vemitemo vanofanira kuzvishandisa nemitoo inoshanda.

Kubatana Kwakaita Mapazi uye Nenzanga Yavagari Vemo

Batira pamwe yeInter-institution inowedzera utariri hunosvika. Mitemo inochengeta ukama hwebasa namasangano makurusa okunzvera, masangano anodzivisa uori, uye matare ejaji anogona kugoverana mashoko ndokudzivisa kunyorwa. Masangano enzanga yavagari vemo nezvinobudisa nhau anoita basa rinokosha kupfurikidza nokugovera kunzvera kwazvimirira, kuratidzira kuva mutariri kwakashata, uye kukudza zviwanwa zvoutariri. Platforms se protem Region Government shation shation shation [[]

Kushandisa Michina Yokuongorora Mashoko

Masangano emisionari azvino uno anoshandisa nenzira inowedzera mashoko anonzvera kushanda kwehurumende. Madanho anoronga kurongwa kwemari yokushandisa, zviratidzo zvokutumira basa, uye zvibvumirano zvokuwana zvinobvumira matare kuona zvinopesana munguva chaiyoiyo. Dzimwe maparamende akatanga masangano okunzvera akatsaurirwa nokunatsa michina inoshandisa kudzidza kunzvera mirwi mikuru yemitengo kana kuti nyorerana. Masuo emashoko anogonesa vagari vemo kutora rutivi mukutarisira, muitiro unozivikanwa se “cbic tech tech compate utarisiri.

Kurovedza uye Kukwanisa Kuvaka Vashandi

Kudzora kwakangosimba bedzi savanhu vanokutsigira. Kufambira mberi kwounyanzvi kwavanyori vedare, vazivi vemitemo, uye vanzveri kunokosha. Purogiramu dzinopiwa namasangano se National Democratic Institute [ kuisa ngwariro pakushongedza vashandi nounyanzvi mukunzvera, kubvunzurudza, uye shooresa yomuitiro. Wellgraded systemsssssss inoita kuti vagadziriridzi vagadziri vemiitiro vagone kunzvera zvikuru nhau dzakaoma.

Kushandiswa Kwakanaka Kwomutevedzero Nokushandiswa

Kuderera kunozivikanwa navose muutariri kushayikwa kwokutevera nhevedzano parumbidzo. Masangano anopinza mitemo anoda kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vadzore kuti vadzokere sei kukuita zvavakawana mudare. Dzimwe paramende dzinoshandisa “mapepa okunyora rugwaro” anotevedza kugamuchirwa kwerumbidzo dzokuongorora. Kana fambiro mberi isina kukwana, matare anogona kuwedzera kupfurikidza nokutsiurwa kwemiitiro yetsoro kana kuti kugadziridzwa kwemitemo.

Kupindura Pachena uye Kuvhura Kunzwa

Munyika dzakadai seKenya neSouth Africa, matare eparamende anowanzonzwa munzanga dzakakanganiswa, achibvumira vagari vemo kupupurira zvakananga. Izvi hazvingopfumisi uchapupu chete asi zvinosimbisawo basa redare semutsigiri wevanhu.

Matambudziko Muutariri Hwomutemo

Kugadzirisa zvinetso izvi kunodiwa kuti tichengetedze utongi hunodzora hunosimba, pasinei nokuti hunokosha, kutarisirwa kunotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvinoramba zvichinetesa.

Kuchinja Zvematongerwe Enyika Nerwisano Yemagariro

Apo utariri hunoshandiswa sechombo chokunyadzisa vashori vezvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo pokuwana zvokwadi, mhoteredzo dzehyperāpital dzinogona kutungamirira kumatare akarongedzwa, kunyima batira pamwe, uye kunzwa kwakagadzirirwa kuratidzira kwezvinobudisa nhau panzvimbo pokunzvera kwechokwadi. Mipimo yeBpartisa nemitemo yedare rakajeka idziviriro dzinokosha.

Kupinzwa Kwemanyuko Namashoko

Masangano mazhinji emitemo, zvikurukuru munyika dzichiri kubudirira, anoshanda navashandi vaduku namabasa okunzvera akaganhurirwa. Bazu rinotungamirira kazhinji kazhinji rine zvakawanda zvikuru, kuvamba mashoko anodzivisa kubvunza kunobudirira. Kukwidza mumasangano emitemo akazvimirira muImba yePhondo muU.S.C.

Kudzivisa Kunoitwa Nevatungamiriri Vehurumende

Vane ruzivo vanganonotsa kuita chiito, kuisa magwaro sechakavanzika, kana kuti kugovera mashoko asina kukwana kuti vadzivise nzvero. Vamwe vakuru vakuru vanoramba utarisiri kupfurikidza nokukumbira ropafadzo yavakuru vakuru kana kuti kupfurikidza nokufuratira kuraira kwedare. gadziriro dzapamutemo dzakasimba dzinogombedzera batira pamwe nezvirango nokuda kwokusawirirana zvinokosha, asi kuda kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunokosha zvakafanana kuzviita kuti zviitwe.

Mashoko Akawandisa uye Misiyano Yezvinhu Zvisina Kutsarukana

Kunyange kana mashoko akawanikwa, vaiti vemitemo vanogona kushamiswa neuwandu hwawo uye kuoma kunzwisisa. Pasina zvishandiso zvokushandisa uye tsigiro yakafanira, kutarisira kunova kwechimbichimbi.Paramende dzinoda gadziriro dzokutarisira mashoko dzeshamwari dzinoshandiswa nounyanzvi hwokushandisa kuti dziwane nzwisiso dzinoshanda kubva mumichina yemabhajeti ebhajeti uye mashoko epurogiramu.

Kutevera Kwakakwana Neyeuko Yamasangano

Mishumo yakawanda yetarisiro inounganidza guruva mumasherufu. Apo mitezo yedare inochinja pashure pesarudzo, rumbidzo dzakapfuura dzinokanganwika kazhinji kazhinji. Kuronga gadziriro yokufora yemagetsi uye kuda mishumo yefambiro mberi yenguva dzose inobva kumukuru mukuru mukuru inogona kuderedza ikoku. Dzimwe nyika dzakatanga “miitiro inodzorwa nenzwisiso” inobvumira mutezo wedare rinotonga kumisa mari kusvikira kukuvandudzika.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Zvokutarisira Kunobudirira

Kuongorora mienzaniso chaiyo yenyika 93 kunoratidza kuti kutarisira kunogona kuchinja utungamiriri zvinobudirira.

Watergate Scandal (United States, 1972-1974)

Hurukuro dzeCongress dzakatungamirirwa neDare reDare reSamende Watergate dzakafumura kubatanidzwa kwavakuru vakuru venzvimbo yakakwirira muputsika uye chifukidziro chakatevera. Mitongo, kutepfenyura, kupenyu, murangariro wavose unonyandurwa uye pakupedzisira wakamanikidzira Purezidhendi Nixon kurega. Muitiro wokutarisira wakatungamirira kugadziridza kukuru munhimbe dzemari, dziviriro dzechikwidzo, uye mitemo yokuoneka yehurumende yakadai seFreedom of Information Act amendements.

Chinetso Chemari cha2008 uye Murayiro Wokushandisa Mari (United States)

Pashure pokuputsika kwamasangano makuru ezvemari, House and Camperior Committee on Bank rakaita matare makuru. Uku kunzvera kwakazivisa kundikano dzegadziriro mukutarisira, miitiro yokukweretesa kwokusangwarira, uye rwisano dzemhindu. Ufakazi hwakaunganidzwa hwakaumba Doddphrain Wall Street Reformation neConsumer Protection Act, iyo yakatanga Consumer Finical Protection Bureaual uye mitemo yakatsikwa pamipimo yemari.

KUFAMBA KWEPANDEMIC (GORE)

Mukati medenda, paramende munyika yose yakashandisa masimba epurogiramu yekurumidziro kunzvera ndyiko dzehurumende pamari yeyamuro. Dare reBundestag rezveutano raiitwa vhiki nevhiki nemushumiri woutano, nepo Dare reKenya rePremeters panhau dzaPublic rakawana mabhiriyoni eshilling muKuvhovid 9319. Muzvinoitika zvizhinji, kutarisira kwakabetsera kucherekedza kuparadzwa kwemari, kubviswa kwakashata kwezviwanikwa, uye utera mugadziriro dzoutano dzavose, zvichitungamirira kururamisiro yepakati pe229ce.

Dare Reakaunzi Dzevanhu Vose reUK (United Kingdom)

Inowanzorumbidzwa serimwe remasangano anotarisira anobudirira zvikuru munyika yose, Dare reUK reMaakaundi aVanhu (PAC) rinoshanda pedyo neHofisi yeNational APPUSTIC. Kunzwa kwaro kunozivikanwa nokuda kwokubvunzurudza zvakasimba vakwegura vehurumende.

Kuongorora Kwemazuva Ano: Kuchinja Kwemichina uye Kuvhura Mashoko

Masangano akawanda ari kutanga kuita zvinhu zvitsva:

  • Charinity à défication Expenditure Dragboards: Dzimwe dzimba dzomutemo, dzakadai sedziya dzomuBrazil nePhilippines, dzakaita zviteshi zvamahombekombe zvehurumende zvinoratidzira mashoko anorasa munenge munguva ino. Matare anoshandisa aya mabhodhi kuti atsigire kutengeserana kwechienzi asati akura kuva utsotsi.
  • ASIFID COPUENT CHENCE:[ Mavhoriyamu makuru ezvibvumirano zvokuwana kana kuti maapurosi ezvisakiso anogona kunzverwa nemienzaniso yokudzidza michina kuti ione miitiro yetsoropodzo kana kuti kurongeka. Kutanga kweParamende yeFrance kugadzira zvishandiso zvakadaro.
  • ZVINOTAURWA naPUMERIOSCrutiny: Kubvumira vagari vemo kutumira mikumbiro inonyandura dare (sokuna UK neScotland) kuderedza utariri. Mabudiro anogonesawo vagari vemo kubetsera kuhwirudzura mutemo kana kuti kushuma kundikano dzebasa.
  • stam for Transparency: Zvimwe zvirongwa zvevatyairi vendege zvinoshandisa brickchain kunyora nzira dzinoongororwa dzezvisarudzo zvehurumende uye vhoti dzemitemo, zvichiita kuti zviome kuchinja mapepa pashure peidi.

Zvisinei, maturusi emichina anofanira kuiswa pamwe chete nokunyora nenhamba pakati pevagadziri vemitemo nevashandi, uyewo mipimo yokusabatana pakombiyuta. CD inogovera mienzaniso yokuti hurumende dziri kubatanidza sei miitiro yemichina kuti itarisire.

mhedziso

Kutarisira kwomutemo kunoramba kuri chimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvikurusa zvokuva nechokwadi chokuti hurumende iyoyo inobatira zvakanaka. Kuvambira pakunzwa nokuongorora kusvikira kukubatanidza varapi nevagari vemo, bhokisi ramaturusi rinowanika kumaparamende rakasiana- siyana uye rinobva. Bva maturusi oga haagoni kuvimbisa kuzvidavirira; anoda nyanzvi, kuzvitonga kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye tsika dzinokoshesa ufakazi pamusoro pehurumende. Sezvo democracy inotarisana nezvinetso zvitsva . (8) kubva pakukwirira kwemibato yemibatanidzwa yemichina yemichina yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende kusvikira kuzvinetso zvekudzora kwemakombiyuta /strengtheninging masangano anotarisira nemiitiro zvemiitiro zviri zvekurumidziro kupfuura nakare. Kupfurikidza nokushandisa basa, kupinza basa, uye kutora vagarika vagari vemo, masangano emitemo inogona kusunungura nokusimbisa basa ravo sava vachengeti vadzorwi vanongwarira kuoneka nokudzora.