Table of Contents

Vavaki Voutongi hweAmerica: Kuwana Vanababa Nemabhuku Avo Echisono Ane Mwero

Kuumbwa kwehurumende yeUnited States kunomira sechimwe chezviito zvamaune zvikurusa uye zvokufunga zvikuru mugadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika munhau yavanhu. Kuvambwa kwaMadzibaba, kwakabva pamazana amakore ouzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika nezvinoitika zvavo vamene zvehurumende, kwakaumba gadziriro yakarongedzerwa kudzikamisa rusununguko nenhevedzano, uchangamire hwehurumende nechinzwano chorudzi, uye chakakurumbira kuchada kunzvera mipimo mikuru yakarongwa. Chiono chavo nokuda kwehurumende yakadzikama chakanga chisati chiri mutoowo zvawo wouzivi hwakananga nezvose zviri zviviri udzvinyiririchiBritish uye kundikano yavo yokutanga mukuedza kuzvidzora pasi peMitemo yeConfederation. Kunzwisisa ichi kunoda kunzvera mipimo mikuru yaiumba, magamuchidzanwa ouzivi ayo akauziva, uye kubvumirana pane zvazvinoshanda izvo zvakaita kuti kubvire.

Mifananidzo Yacho Nemipiro Yayo

Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakawanda vakatsigira kutanga kwacho, nhamba dzinoverengeka dzinoratidza kuti dzakasimba uye dzakaita kuti pave nehurumende yeAmerica.

George Washington: Mutungamiriri Asingachinjiki

George Washington basa rake mukuvamba rakatambanudzwa zvikuru kupfuura murayiro wake wehondo mukati meHondo yemhindumupindu. Sapurezidhendi weConvention yeBumbiro reMitemo, Washington akakweretesa mukurumbira wake mukuru kumiitiro, achipa maruramiro kukuita basa racho nokubetsera kuchengeta nhume dzinowirirana dzakanangidzirwa padonzo radzo rimwe chetero. Kuvapo kwake oga kwakavimbisa kuti hurumende itsva yaizoiswa mumaoko akavimbika. Zvisarudzo zvapashure pedavidzo Washington sedariro rokutanga ramakambani, kusimbisa ropafadzo yeboka ravakuru vakuru kunzvimbo, uye nokuzvidira pasi bedzi pashure pezvisarudzo zviviri izvo zvakaumba Pentellienti nokuda kwezvizvarwa. [[FLT:] [FLT]] Farewell Adderswell yenhau yenhau yenhau yeidi yeidi nerati yenyika dzamamwe marudzi, kuti zano reAmerica nokuda kwezana ramakore renyika dzakawanda.

James Madison: Muvambi Webumbiro Romutemo

Hapana munhu mumwe akagovera zvakawanda kugadziriro yeConstitution kupfuura James Madison. Anowanzodanwa kuti "Baba weBumbiro reMitemo," Madison akasvika paKokorodzano muPhiladelphia negadziriro ine udzame( Virginia Plan() iyo yakava hwaro hwechinyorwa chokupedzisira. Nzvero yake huru yenhau namasangano enhau dzakaziviswa kuti hurumende dzinokundikana sei uye kuti izvivako zvipi zvinosimudzira kuva zvigadziko. Mipiro yaMadison ku [FLT: 0] Murongi weFOFLT , zvikurukuru [[FLT:]] Firedaistum] inopasss, zvikurukuru inopa dziviriro yakanakisisa pamusoro pezvisakiso zvikuru pamusoro pezvisakiso.[10FLT] N.[FLT] NHAURO, kunyange zvazvo zvichiratidzirwa nehurumende yake inoshongerwa zvikuru.

Alexander Hamilton: Kutsigira kweHurumende Yakasimba yeCentral

Alexander Hamilton akaunza chiono chehurumende yenyika ine simba yaibatanidza kusvika kwokungwarira kukuru kwaMadison. Somunyori wokutanga we Federal Papers, Hamilton akataurira kunyengetedza nokuda kwokunatsiridza, kutaura pamusoro pesimba rehurumende, shoo yedare, uye mamiriro anodiwa echiremera chehurumende. Basa rake rapashure seMabharani wokutanga weMotein . "Kugadza banki renyika, kutora zvikwereti, uye kutanga gadziriro yemiitiro yemiitiro yemitengo yemitemo yemitemo. Chiono chaHamilton chenyika yebhizimisi nehurumende yepakati yehurumende yakamira zvakanaka. Basa rake rokusariranwa reProfesa renyika dzenyika dzeAmerica, uye gakavarangeri rekurukurirano yazvokurondedzera mamiriro enyika kwemakumi amakore.

Thomas Jefferson: Muzivi Werusununguko

Kunyange zvazvo pasina muFrance mukati meConstitution yeBumbiro reMitemo, pesvedzero yaThomas Jefferson pakudzora kweAmerica yakanga yakakura. Kunyorwa kwake kweZiviso yeIrevo yoKuzvitonga kwakavamba hwaro hwouzivi hwebasa rose, achisimbisa kuti hurumende dzinowana masimba adzo akarurama mukubvumira kwoudzori uye kuvapo kukuva nekodzero dzomusikirwo. Kunyumwira kwaJefferson kwesimba rokuisa ngwariro pachiremera chorumano chemitemo kwakaumba chishongedzwa kupurogiramu dzaHamilton ndokupa inzwi kuavo vaitya hurumende itsva ingaitsiva udzvinyiriri. Musengwa wake kudzidzo, rusununguko rwerudzidziso, uye kumadokero kwamabvazuva soumambo hweAmerica serusununguko panzvimbo pokuva nesimba.

Benjamin Franklin: Inzwi Rouchenjeri Hunoshanda

Pamakore 81 okukura, Benjamin Franklin akanga ari nhume hurusa paConvention yeBumbiro reMitemo, bva mipiro yake yakapfuura zvikuru kuvapo kwokufananidzira. Uchenjeri hwaFranklin hwakabetsera kupedza zvitendero zvamaoresa zvakati kuti, kubatanidza Kubvumirana kukuru kwakaparira budiriro yedare remitemo rebhikameral. Kudana kwake kwakakurumbira nokuda kwenhume kuti "dzisaita zvishomanene kusakanganisa kwavo vamene" uye chikarakadzo chake chokuzarura rusando rumwe norumwe nomunyengetero (kunyange kusagamuchirwa) chakaratidzira kunzwisisa kuti rudado rwomunhu uye kuoma kwapa tyisidziro huru kurubudiriro ipi neipi yekokorodzano. Mukurumbira waFranklin wamarudzi ose samutungamiriri wenhau muFrance wamabasa ake muFrance chakamuita kuti azvitendere.

Vamwe Vatangi Vanocherekedzwa

Mimwe mipiro inoverengeka yakaitwa. John Adams akarondedzera nhau yokuparadzana kwamasimba mu "Masetts on Government" yake ye "Imbasari" uye akadzivirira Bumbiro reMitemo mumanyoro ake amene. [[FLT:]] George Mason akabetsera basa reKonkswoserosa ramagariro makurusa pakokorodzano. [FLT:] Jay [F]

Mavambo Edzidziso Dzenhema: Chinyorwa Chounyanzvi

Vawadzani havana kutanga pfungwa dzavo pamusoro pehurumende kubva pakuremara. Ivo vakawana pagamuchidzanwa rakapfuma rouzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika hunodzokera shure kuGirisi yakare neRoma ndokuzviwanira vafungi vokuvhenekera vomuzana ramakore rechigumi namanomwe nerechigumi namasere.

Pesvedzero yaJohn Locke

Muzivi mumwe anopesvedzera zvikurusa wevavavambi veAmerica akanga ari mufungi weEngland John Locke. SAUDHAUDZO YEPURHAME [1689] akapikisa kuti hurumende yepamutemo inomira pamvumo yehurumende inodzorwa uye iripo zvikurukuru kudzivirira kodzero dzomuzvarirwo (vupenyu), rusununguko, uye pfuma. Mufungo wechibvumirano chechibvumirano chenzanga (* pfungwa yokuti vanhu vanopa rusununguko nokuzvidira nokuda kwokudzivirira kodzero dzavo dzakasara). Yakabatanidza kururamisa kwetsika kwokupandukira hurumende inoputsa chivimbo chayo. Murayiro weDeclation of Independetion Recounce Cocke , zvikurukuru kutaura kuti hurumende inoita kuti "masimba avo angogariro okubvumirana nezvinodiwa" uye kuti vanhu vave ne "vvudzororo yehurumende" kuti iparadzirwe pamutemo"

Montesquieu Nokuparadzana Kwesimba

Muzivi weFrance Montesquieu akagovera Vavambi pfungwa yavo inokosha zvikurusa yourongwa: kuparadzana kwamasimba. Mu Mudzimu weMitemo (1748]), Montesquieu akarangarira kuti rusununguko rwezvamatongerwe enyika runoda kuti chibvumirano, chiremera, uye masimba okutonga zviitwe mumaoko akasiana. Kana masimba maviri akabatanidzwa, rusununguko runotyisidzirwa; apo ose ari matatu abatanidzwa, miuyo youdzvinyiriri. Vavambi vakatora iyi nheyo kumwoyo, vachiumba mapazu matatu akasiana ehurumende namanyuko akasiana echiremera uye masangano akasiana. Imba yeVamiririri vai vemitemo yakasiana - siana vaizomirira zvakananga, Purezidhendia kupfurikidza neElkole, uye vaizova vatongi vanoshanda nokuda kwoupenyu hwavo upenyu hwakasiana - siyana. Vatongi vose vaizova nefariro yakasiana nedaidzo.

Kuda Kubva muRepublic uye Kunaka

Kupfuura kusununguka kwechiCockean uye kungwara kworuvako rweMontesquieu, vatangi vakashandisa tsika yeredhinal reconvecism yaisimbisa kunaka kwevagari vemo nejeri rokuda kutsiva fariro dzavose. Mirangariro yakadai saAdams naMadison yakanetseka kuti pasina kuva nevhu rakaisvonaka, hapana mutemo waigona kuchengetedza rusununguko. Iyi itiro hanya yakatungamirira kusimbiso padzidzo, masangano orudzidziso, uye zviremera zvomunzvimbomo sezvikonzero zvokurovedza kuva mugari wehurumende. Vavambi vakanzwisisa kuti hurumende yakasununguka pakupedzisira inotsamira patsika dzavanhu vayo, uye vakagadzira masangano kuti vasadziridze mufambiro iwoyo.

Kuvhenekerwa kweScotland

Vafungi veScottish Njeresa David Hume naAdam Smith vakapesvedzerawo Vavambi, zvikurukuru mukunzwisisa kwavo kuti nzanga yezvokutengeserana nezvinoda kuitirwa hanya zvingagona kuendeswa sei kuti zvibatire zvinangwa zvavose. Kusava nechokwadi kwegumbo rezvamatongerwe enyika uye simbiso yake panzvimbo yamasangano mukudzivisa chishuvo chomunhu chainzwika nechimiro chaMadison mu [FLD:0] Munyorero wefadhi No. 51, umo akapikisa kuti "chinzvimbo chinofanira kuitwa kuti chidzore kudzora chishuvo chavanhu; ivo vakagadzira gadziriro yaizoshanda kunyange navanhu vane zvikanganiso.

Kukundikana Kwenyaya Dzokubatanidza

Tisati tarangarira Bumbiro reMitemo, kunokosha kunzwisisa chikonzero nei Vavambi vakarega kuedza kwavo kwokutanga pahurumende yenyika. The Article of Confederation, yakatendera muna 1781, yakaumba "chibvumirano chakasimba choushamwari" pakati penyika dzakabvumikisa kuva dzisina kusimba zvikuru zvokugona kupedza zvinetso zvakatarisana norudzi rutsva.

Utera Hwokuvaka

Nyaya dzacho dzakaita Unidameral Congress umo hurumende imwe neimwe yakava nevhoti imwe, pasinei zvapo nechiverengero chavagari vemo. Kwakanga kusina bazi rakasiana rokudzikamisa mitemo, hakuna dare rehurumende renyika rokupedza gakava pakati pehurumende, uye hakuna simba rokutera vanhu zvakananga. Dare raigona kukumbira mari kubva kunyika dzacho, asi raisagona kumanikidza kubhadharwa. Iyi gadziriro yakaratidzira kutya kwavatangi vane chiremera chakabatana pashure pechinoitika chavo mukutonga kweBritain, asi yakabvumikisa kuva isingashandi mushandi.

Kuparara Kwema1780

Utera hweZvikamu zvakabudisa nhevedzano yenjodzi dzakapwisa vatungamiriri vazhinji kuti chinjo huru yakanga iri madikanwa. Hurumende yenyika yaisagona kubhadhara zvikwereti zvayo, ichisiya varwi veRevolution vasingabhadhari navakweretesi vokumwe vasingagutsikani. Nyika dzakamisa mhinganidzo dzokushambadzirana, dzichibata nyika dziri pedyo samarudzi okumwe. British akaramba kubvisa miganhu yaidikanwa neSangano reParis, ichidudza kusawirirana negadziriro dzesungano. Zvinotyisa zvikuru, shays's Revences's joits [ muMassachusetts] mumadokero muna 1786-1777 yakaratidzira kuti hurumende yakanga isina simba renyika rokudzvinyirira kudzvinyirira kana kuti ibatsire kuchengetedza kuronga. Varidzi vezvoupfumi uye vanotenga mari vaitya kuti kuparadzwa kuparadzwa kwehurumende.

Zvidzidzo Zvakadzidzwa

Chinoitika pasi peNhevedzano chakadzidzisa Vavambi zvidzidzo zvinoverengeka zvinokosha. Chokutanga, hurumende isingagoni kudzora zvakanaka.Chechipiri, hurumende isina bazu guru haigoni kudzika mitemo yayo.Chechitatu, hurumende inotsamira pakuteererwa nokuzvidira nehurumende ichakundikana apo fariro dzehurumende dzichapesana nezvinodikanwa zvenyika. Izvi zvidzidzo zvakaumba rutivi rwuri rwose rweConvention yeMitemo, sezvo nhume dzaitsvaka kuparira hurumende yakasimba zvakakwana kushanda pasina kuva dzakasimba zvikuru zvokutyisidzira rusununguko.

Kokorodzano yeBumbiro reMitemo: Kubata Hurumende Yakadzikama

Convention yeBumbiro reMitemo ra 1787 yakanga iri muitiro unoshamisa mukurangarira kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Musangano muchivande muFiradelphia’s Information Hall, nhume makumi mashanu neshanu dzinobva kunyika gumi nembiri (Rhode Island yakaramba kutora rutivi) dzakapedza mwedzi mina ichikurukura, kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, uye kunyora gwaro raizova mutemo mukurusa wenyika.

Virginia Plan NeNew Jersey Plan

Kokorodzano yakavamba nezviono zvezvikwikwidziso zvezvinofanira kuva zvakaita hurumende itsva. Virginia Plan , yakarongerwa zvikurukuru naJames Madison uye yakapiwa naEdmund Randolph, yakakarakadza hurumende yenyika ine chigadziko chemabhiyarameral, nemifananidzo mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri dzakavakirwa pavagari vemo. Mukuru mukuru mukuru wehurumende nejajiary aizosarudzwa nedare rehurumende, uye hurumende yenyika yaizova nesimba pamusoro pemitemo yenyika. Kupesana, chirongwa cheNew Jersey , chinopiwa naWilliam Paters, chinokarakadzwa naWilliam Confederation panzvimbo yazvo, inova nechikamu chakava nehurumende chakaganhurirwa.

Kubvumirana Pane Zvisina Kufanira Kukuru

Gakava guru (hwupi kana upi umiriro unofanira kuvakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo kana kuti kuva nohuenzana pakati pehurumende) inodokukanganisa kokorodzano. Kubvumirana kukuru (inonziwo Connecticut Relation) yakapedza ikoku kuoma kupfurikidza nokugadzira chibvumirano chemitemo chebhimear: Imba yavamiriri ine mireza yakavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo neDare rine vamirimo vaviri vanobva munyika imwe neimwe pasinei zvapo noukuru hwezviito. Iyi gadziriro yakadzikamisa fariro dzehurumende huru neduku apo imwe neimwe yaipa nzvero pane imwe. Kubvumirana pane yapa pamutemo kwakaponesa kokorodzano uye kuumbwa kwehurumende yeAmerica.

Vana Vatatu Vanobvumirana Pane Zvisina Kufanira Nedzimwe Nhaka

Kumwe kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kwakabvumikisa kuva kunotambudza zvikuru. Kubvumiranisa zvinhu patatu-Ftns Kupesana kwakarangarira vanhu vari varanda kuva vanhu vatatu vamashanu vomunhu nokuda kwezvinangwa zvemitero, kupa hurumende dzokuMadokero kumimwe nzvimbo muImba nepo zvichiwedzerawo mutoro wavo womutero. Uku kubvumira kubvumiraniswa kwouranda mutsika kupfuumbidzwa mutsika yemitemo ndokupa nyika dzinova varanda simba risina kuenzana kwazvizvarwa. Kokorodzani yacho yakabvumiranawo kutambanudza kushamba kwomuranda wamarudzi ose kwamakore makumi maviri, pashure paiko Dare ramadokuzvidzoromedzero okuisa zviito zvetsika yavo zvetsika nokuda kwechinzwanongerwe, chisarudzo chaizotungamirira kurwisano yengwavaira makore makumi manomwe gare gare gare gare.

Bazu Rine Chiremera Navatungamiriri

Kuumbwa kwapurezidhendi kwakanga kuri rimwe ramabasa akaoma zvikurusa ekokorodzano. Dzimwe nhume dzaitya mukuru mukuru mumwe somutongi mukuru, nepo vamwe vachinetseka kuti mukuru mukuru wevazhinji aizotungamirira kunyongano nerwisano. Kokorodzano pakupedzisira yakasika purezidhendi mumwe ane masimba anokosha(wcommand wehondo, chiremera chokukurukura zvibvumirano (nebvumirano yedare), simba rokugadza vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende, uye kudzorwa nomutemo padzimwe mitemo. Electoral College yakaitwa sechibvumirano pakati peSarudzori reSarudzo neSarudzo yakakurumbira, ichiratidzira zvose zviri zviviri kurukurirano inoshanda pamusoro pechibvumirano chikuru chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Kuhwirudzura Nokutonga

Bumbiro reMitemo rakagadzira Dare guru neChibvumirano chakabvumira kugadza matare ehurumende akaderera. Vatongi veFederal vaizobatira nokuda kwoupenyu mukati momufambiro wakanaka, kuvadzivirira padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo risina kupa zvakajeka simba rehwirudzuro yedare. Chiremera chokuzivisa mitemo isingachinjiwi. [FLT]] ... FERALIS PORC [[FLT]] DART] naronge bhiri regwara raiireva. Alexander Hamil [ raipikisa [[FLT:] naparongeriti] kuti judiary ive "ne dandati rechipaziro] nemhaka yokuti harina kudzora kana kuti munotonge musero wesimba rayo rikatongedzese murairo.

Nharo Dzemari Nepepa Ravatsigiri

Bumbiro reMitemo raida kubviswa namapfumbamwe enyika gumi namatatu kuti rishande. Kukakavadzana kwakatevera kwakakamuranisa vaAmerica kuva vatsigiri vemagariro avo vakatsigira Bumbiro reMitemo ne vaAnti-Fedalist [ vakaishora. Iyi kurukurirano yakaparira mamwe amanyoro anokosha zvikurusa ezvamatongerwe enyika munhau yeAmerica ndokuumba wedzero inotevera yeBhii reRega.

Nhau Dzemawirirano

Federal Federal Lists, yakatungamirirwa naHamilton, Madison, naJay, yakataura kuti Bumbiro reMitemo rakagovera dzikamo yakarurama pakati pechiremera chorudzi nouchangamire hwehurumende, pakati pesimba nerusununguko. Munhau makumi masere namashanu] rondedzero dze [Federation:0] Federali Pepas[, vakatsanangura kuti kuparadzana kwamasimba, kunzvera uye kuva pakati penyika, uye republic yakawedzerwa zvaizodzivisa sei kudzora chinhu chimwe. Vakataura kuti hurumende itsva yaizoganhurirwa kumasimba ayo anodzorwa uye kuti vanhu havasati vachichengeta masimba ose achipiwa nenzira idzo huru kuhurumende. Masangano akasimbisa ngozi dzokusanzwa kwechinzwa nokusabatana uye kudikanwa kwehurumende yokushanda zvakanaka mufariro yenyika yenyika.

Kushora Kunorwisana Nehosha

VaAnti-Federalist vakamutsa zvirambidzo zvine simba zvinopfuurira kunzwika muhurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica. Vakataura kuti Bumbiro reMitemo rakaumba hurumende iri kure zvikuru navanhu, kuti kuva purezidhendi kwakanga kune simba zvikuru uye kwakafanana noumambo, kuti kushaikwa kwegweta ramaruramiro ekodzero mungozi, uye kuti hurumende yenyika pakupedzisira yaizomedza nyika. Vanyo vakaita Brutus [[FLT: 1] [sezvingabvira Robert Yates] uye Facerderrimer Marrimer [[ (seidzoro.General Richard Lee kana kuti Melan Smith) yakanyevera kuti jistation yaizotungamirira kubatanidza nokudzosa. Anti-FEfferist anoraira muganhu womugariro womutemo kuti vadzivirire simba.

Bhizi Rekodzero Sechishandiso Chinodzikamisa Michina

Chipikirwa chegweta ramaruramiro anogamuchirwa munyika dzinoverengeka, kubatanidza Massachusetts, Virginia, uye New York. James Madison, pakutanga achipanikira kuti mutemo wekodzero wakanga uri madikanwa, aitungamirira mukugadziridza muCongress yokutanga. Chinoguma [] . [ichi] dzora kugadziridzwa kwekodzero [maganhu] okutanga [mapepa] [mapepa] echikamu anokosha] [[FLT]] [FF] [FF] [FT] N] .N [FF]

Makepi Nedzikamo Zvinoshandiswa

Simba reBumbiro reMitemo rakadzikama kwete bedzi pakati pehurumende yehurumende nehurumende (chirevo) asiwo pakati pamapazu matatu ehurumende yehurumende. Kunzwisisa kuti aya mabasa okunzvera anoshanda sei kunokosha kukunzwisisa gadziriro yavavambi.

Dare Rinoongorora Mutungamiriri

Congress inogona kunzvera simba rapurezidhendi munzira dzinoverengeka. Inofanira kusimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi kukambani, bhenji rehurumende, uye mamwe mahofisi akakwirira. Inofanira kutendera zvibvumirano kupfurikidza nevhoti mbiri-tatu. Inodzora bhajeti, pasina chiito choutungamiriri chinogona kutsigirwa. Congress inogona kukunda kuvhota kwapurezidhendi nedziviri-chitatu dzedzimba dzose. Muzvinoitika zvakanyanyisa, Imba inogona kuisa purezidhendi naDare mutongo ndokumubvisa pahofisi. Masimba aya anovimbisa kuti purezidhendi haagoni kuita chimwe chinhu munhau dzoukoshi.

Purezidhendi Anoongorora Dare

Purezidhendi anogona kuisa mutemo unopiwa neCongress, achimanikidza kudzora simba guru kupfuura iro. Purezidhendi anogonawo kudana kuti Congress ipinde murusando chairwo uye anogona kurumbidza mutemo kupfurikidza neHurumende yekero yeUnion uye mamwe mashoko. Basa rapurezidhendi samukuru mukuru rinopa pesvedzero huru pamusoro penzira iyo mitemo inoitwa, uye simba rokupa mirairo yavakuru vakuru rinobvumira purezidhendi kutungamirira chiito chebazu mumiganhu yemitemo.

Kuongorora Kutonga Mapazi Ose Ari Ose

Simba rehwirudzuro yedare, rakatangwa mu Marbury v. Madison (1803), rinopa chiremera cheDare Gurusa kuti rizivise mabasa eDare kana kuti mabasa evakuru vakuru asingatsiviwi. Iri simba rinoita kuti dare rive nzvero yapachokwadi pamapazu akasarudzwa, kunyange zvazvo Dare rinotsamira pamukuru kuti ritsigire zvisarudzo zvaro uye paDare kuti ritsigire kushanda kwaro. Bumbiro remitemo rinodzivirirawo kuzvitonga kupfurikidza noupenyu hwechibvumirano nedziviriro, richivimbisa kuti vatongi vanogona kuita zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa pamutemo panzvimbo pedzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kukakavadzana Kwematongerwe Enyika Nemafungiro Evanhu

Vavambi havana kuvimba bedzi nenzvero dzesangano kuti dzidzikamise hurumende. Vakavimbawo nokunzvera kwokupedzisira kwemurangariro wavose. Chinodikanwa chokuti mitezo yeImba inotarisana nerusarudzo makore maviri ari ose, vatengi makore matanhatu ari ose, uye purezidhendi makore mana ari ose. First Amendment dziviriro yekutaura, pepanhau, uye gungano rinosimbisa kuti vagari vemo vagone kuronga, kutsoropodza, uye kukurudzira vamiririri vavo kuti vazvikwidziridzi vavo vazviito vazvidavirire. Vatangi vai vaidavira kuti muchengeti mukuru werusununguko.

Nhaka yeHurumende Yakadzikama

Chiono chavatangi chehurumende yakadzikama chakaumba nhau yeAmerica munzira huru uye chakapesvedzera gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo kupota nyika. Kunzwisisa iyi nhaka kunotibetsera kunzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri simba neganhuriro zvezviitwa zvavo.

Kuchengeteka Nokugadzikana

Bumbiro reMitemo rakabvumikisa kuva rinogara kwenguva refu nenzira inoshamisa, richipukunyuka hondo yavagari vemo, kuderera kwemari, hondo dzenyika, uye chinjo huru dzenzanga. Gadziriro yenzvero nedzinodzikamiswa dzakadzivisa bazu ripi neripi kana kuti nharaunda kudzora kwechigarire hurumende yeAmerica. Nepo dzikamo yesimba yachinja munguva inopfuudzira kupfuudzira kwoutungamiriri hwakasimba hwapurezidhendi, udzori hwesangano, uye chirongwa chokutonga chakaramba chakasimba. Iyi dzikamo inosungirwa zvikuru nokuziva kwaVavambi kuti bumbiro remitemo rinobudirira rinofanira kuva rinochinjika zvakakwana kuti richinjire pasina kuputsa.

Kushanda Muchishandirapamwe Nedzikamo Yesimba

Dzikamo pakati pechiremera chehurumende nerehurumende yave iri rwisano inodzokororwa munhoroondo yeAmerica. Hondo yavagari vemo yakapedza nhau yesecession asi yakasiya mibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro poukuru hwesimba rehurumende isina kupindurwa. New Decial, [[FLT]] Convil Rights Movement [[[FLT]] Confect], uye zvisarudzo zvakawanda zveDare gurusa zvakabvisa dzikamo kuchiremera chorudzi, bva mashoko anoramba ari madhirobhatori anokosha ehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vane chiremera chakatanhamara kubva kunzvimbo dzedzidzo kudare rouganda kuti riende kururamisiro. Mutezo womubatanidzwa wehurumende wakabvumikisa kuva anochinjika zvakakwana kugadziridza rudzi rwakakura kubva kunyika dzine mamiriyoni gumi namamirioni mana kusvikira kuvanhu vane mamirioni matatu.

Kupesvedzera Kunoita Masangano Ehurumende Munyika Yose

Kuedza kwemitemo yeAmerica kwakapesvedzera masangano edemocracy negadziriro yebumbiro remitemo kupota nyika. Nheyo yamasimba akaparadzana yakagamuchirwa muzvimiro zvakasiyana- siyana nenyika dzakawanda. Pfungwa yebumbiro remitemo rakanyorwa iro rinoganhurira simba rehurumende yazova yapasi pose pakati pamarudzi edemocracy. Bhishopi yekodzero dzavanhu yakafuridzira magwaro ekodzero dzavanhu kubva kuReformation of Man of Man Declation to United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights [[[[FLTLT:1]]. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyika dzakachinja muenzaniso weAmerica kuva wetsika yehurumende yehurumende yegutsa pamutemo kuti iwirirane mamiriro adzo nechiyero zvadzo dzine mubatanidzwa zvikuru kukuita.

Kunetseka Kunopfuurira Nezvinetso

Gadziriro yavatangi haisati iri isina vatsoropodzi vayo. Vamwe vanotaura kuti kunzvera nedzikamo zvinoparira kupfuurira kwapamutemo, kuchikuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kuti hurumende ipedze zvinetso zvinomanikidzira. Vamwe vanotaura kuti gadziriro inopa simba rakawanda zvikuru kuhurumende duku kupfurikidza neDare, inosekesa kutonga kwavazhinji. Iri dare ramabhishopi rakasarudza purezidhendi akarasikirwa nevhoti yakakurumbira, richimutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokuva kwayo yapamutemo kunopfuurira. Kugadzwa kweDare rapamusoro nokuda kwemifungo youpenyu kwazova kupesana zvikuru sezvo zvisarudzo zveDare pamusoro penhau dzenzanga zvakakura zvikuru. Idzi dzino dzamakiriques anoratidzira denho inopfuurira yokudzikamisa mipimo inokwidzana munzanga yakasiana-kasiyana- siyana uye inochinja nzanga.

Mugumisiro: Kuratidzwa Kwevakatanga Chiono Kusingaperi

Vanababa vakawanwa vakanga vasiri vanamwari kana kuti vaporofita vasingakanganisi. (hwuri pirilliant), vakashatiswa, uye vakaumbwa nefungira mano akaipa neganhuriro dzenguva yavo.Vaiva navaranda, vakabvisa vakadzi navaridzi vasina basa pakutora rutivi mune zvamatongerwe enyika, uye vakaregeredzwa panheyo dzavaiti vanoyera. izvi zvikanga zviri vanhu vanofanira kubvumwa nokutaurwa, kwete kufuratirwa kana kuti kuratidzirwa.

Bva gadziriro yavakaumba inoramba iri imwe yezviitwa zvinoshamisa zvikurusa munhau yezvamatongerwe enyika. Kupfurikidza nokugadzira hurumende iyo simba rakadzikama pakati pefariro dzenhando dzenhando, chiremera chinoparadzanisa pakati pamapazu akasiyana, uye yakaita mapfundo akawanda okuwana nokudzivisa, Vavambi vakavaka gadziriro yakaganhurira udzvinyiriri, yakachengetedzwa, uye yakagadzirirwa kuchinja kwamazana maviri amakore. Njere dzavanhu dzinoda ganhuriro dzehurumende pasimba, kuti chishuvo chinofanira kukurira gwinyiro, uye kuti rusununguko runotsamira pavagari vemo vanodisa kupinda mukuva muudzori hunoda kuva hwakadaro nhasi sezvakwakanga kwakaita muna 1787.

Vavambi havana kuita mubatanidzwa wakakwana, asi vakagadzira gadziriro yokuronda mumwe. Vakanzwisisa kuti basa rehurumende yavo vamene harisati richitongopedzwa, kuti chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kuvandudza kuzvipira kunheyo dzebumbiro remitemo ndokuichinjira kumigariro mitsva. Chiono chavo chehurumende yakadzikama chinodenha zvikuru kufunga pamusoro penzira iyo simba rinofanira kuva rakarongerwa, kuti kodzero dzinofanira kudzivirirwa sei, uye kuti vagari vemo vanofanira kutora rutivi sei mukudzora kwavo vamene. Munyika umo masangano edemokrase anotarisana nedzvinyiriro inokura, chiono chinofanirwa nefundo yokungwarira uye kutungamirira kwokufunga.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, Throwaral [ inogovera rugwaro rwakazara rweBumbiro remitemo nezvinyorwa zvakafanana. jira reCongress inopa zviwanikwa zvakawanda paPetralist Papers neratiation gakava. [[FLT:] Constitution Center[ inogovera zvishandiso zvedzidzo nezviwiro zvetsikiso zvedzidzo nokuda kwokunzwisisa Bumbiro remitemo.