Hurumende muUnited States yose dzakabuda sevatyairi vane simba rokugamuchira simbazve, vachitanga nhano dzakafara dzinopfuura zvikumbiro zvehurumende. Zvirongwa izvi zvinodzorwa nehurumende kazhinji kazhinji zvinoda kugadzirirwa, zvinogadzirirwa kupfuma dzomunzvimbomo, uye zvinobvira mune zvematongerwe enyika, zvichizviita kuti zvive zvinochinja simba rakachena. Nokupa mhando dzemari, mibatanidzwa yezvirongwa zvemari, michina yemari, uye mari yokuchengetera mari, madhipatimendindi, madhipatimenditari ehurumende haangodzisi kuderedza bedzi rutsamiro pazvinhu zvinocherwa asi anowedzerawo kukura kwezvo zvoupfumi, uye kuvandudza nharaunda dzawo nokuda kwokugadziriswa kwesimba kwenguva refu. Uku kunzvera kwakakwana kwezvirongwa zvikuru, kusimbisa mienzaniso mikuru munyika yose, uye kunzvera kukanganisa njodzi dzinoitika munguva yemberi.

Kutanga Kunokosha Kunoitwa Namahofisi Ehurumende

Kukura kwesimba rinomutsidzirwa renyika imhando huru, asi iro rinowanzowira mumapoka matatu makuru: zvikarakadzo zvemari, nhimbe dzedzidzo nedzisingachinjiki. Boka rimwe nerimwe rinoita basa rakasiana mukukurira mhinganidzo dzemari (kana kuti mari, mashoko, kana kuti ruzivo rwebasa) izvo zvinogona kunonotsa kushandiswa kwounyanzvi hwesimba hunomutsidzirwa sezuva, mhepo, geothermas, uye biomas.

Mari Yacho

Zvikarakadzo zvemari zvinoramba zviri chishandiso chakananga zvikurusa uye chakakurumbira nokuda kwamadhipatimendi ehurumende chokunyandura kugadzirwazve kwesimba. Zvirongwa izvi zvakagadzirirwa kutsiva ndyiko dzakakwirira dzokuisa zvinhu zvakadai sedenga rezuva, turubini, kana kuti tsime revhu rokupisa. Mitezo inowanzo inobatanidza:

  • Kudzosa uye Cash Back Programs: Ma States akafanana neNew York anopa pamberi kupfurikidza namapurogiramu akadai se NY-Sun, ayo anogovera sundo yewatt paji yoga yoga nokuda kwokuiswa kwenzvimbo dzokugara nedzokutengeserana. Idzi dzinoderedza mutengo wokutanga wetengi, kuchiita kuti zuva risvike zvikuru kudzimba dzinowanika.
  • Zvikwereti neKusunungurwa: Nyika zhinji dzinopa zvikwereti zvemitero zvekambani nemari yomunhu oga nokuda kwechikamu muzana chemutengo wokuisirwa. Somuenzaniso, Residentience Energy Treasurers Inofukidza mari inokwana $2,500 nokuda kwezuva, nepo Iowa achipa chikwereti chechikwereti chemutero nokuda kwemhepo negadziriro dzemagetsi ezuva. Mukuwedzera, kubvisa mitero yemari inosimupi wezvinhu kunovimbisa kuti ukoshiwo wakawedzerwa yemitengo inodzorerwa hawedzeri mutero wemuridzi womusha.
  • Performation-Based Incentives: Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seMassachusetts, dzinoshandisa zvirongwa zvinobhadhara varidzi vegadziriro yerowatt yeawa dzinomutsidzirwa gadziriro yavo inoita. Iyi mibhadharo inopfuudzwa kuti Solar Reconsole Reconvenubled Energy tifiketis (SRECS).---kazhinji inoumba dira mari yemari inofambiswa yakasungirwa yakasungirwa kugadzirwa chaiwo.
  • Programs dzinopa mipiro yeBusiness neNonpindurs: Madhipatimendi eHurumende esimba nedziviriro yemhoteredzo anowanzopa makwikwi kupa zvipo nokuda kwezvikoro, manisiparati, uye mabhizimisi maduku. Somuenzaniso, Colorado Energy Office inopa mipiro nokuda kweminda yezuva nemotokari dzemagetsi zvinobatanidza zvinhu zvakasungirwa kukuvandudza.

Aya maturusi ezvemari anowanzoiswa mufekitari nezvinosundwa zvomubatanidzwa, zvakadai seIntencement Tax Certice Crese (ITC), kukudza kukwanisa. Mukuwirirana ne National Renational Energy Laboratory [, zvikarakadzo zvakabatanidzwa zvehurumende nehurumende zvinogona kuderedza mutengo wegadziriro yezuva rinogarwa ne 50% kana kuti kupfuura mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Nhimbe Dzedzidzo

Madhipatimendi ehurumende anonyanya kudzidzisa vanhu kuti vasanzwisisana uye kuti vave neunyanzvi hwokuita mabasa.

  • School-Based Curricula: Manyika akafanana neHawaii akabatanidza mipimo yesimba rinomutsidzira muK-12 yesayenzi, achishandisa mifanikiso yeturbine yezuva nemhepo kuti vadzidzise pamusoro pokubudiswa kwesimba. Office yeHuwai State Energy Office inofambisawo purogiramu ye "Eregy mu Zvikoro", iyo inogovera rovedzo yomudzidzisi nezvishandiso zvekirasi.
  • Mahofisi okushandira nokutumira mashoko: Mahofisi ane zvitoro zvapachena zvavaridzi vemisha, varidzi vemabhizimisi vaduku, uye varimi pamusoro penhau dzinovambira pakudzikira kwezuva kusvikira kukushanda zvakanaka kwesimba. Somuenzaniso, Minnesota Department of Commerce inopa shopu ye "Zvose" yemabhizimisi, kazhinji kazhinji mubatira pamwe neraibhurari dzomunzvimbomo nenzvimbo dzenzanga.
  • Kurwisa mashoko asina kururama nemitoo yokudzimbisa, kunobudisa zvitsama zvepaIndaneti zvakafanana neCalifornia neNew York zvinotsanangura mashoko ebvumirano, kariro dzegadziriro, uye zvinodikanwa zvokuchengetedza. U.S. Department of Energy[ inoshanda pamwe nehofisi dzehurumende kuparadzira izvi zvinhu.
  • programu dzeDevelopment Programs dzebasa: Nhimbe dzedzidzo dzinonangawo nzira dzebasa. Madhipatimendi ehurumende anobatira pamwe nekoreji dzenzanga kupa mapurogiramu ezivikanyo nokuda kwavanoisa magetsi pazuva, manyanzvi emhepo, uye vazivi vesimba. Washington’s Clean Energy Fund, somuenzaniso, yakarovedza zviuru zvavashandi nokuda kweindasitiri inovandudzwa kupfurikidza nezvikoro zvemichina.

Kuedza kudzidzisa uku kune zvakunoita zvakawanda: Muridzi wedzimba ane ruzivo anoita zvisarudzo zvakanaka zvokutenga, vadzidzi vanozochinja zvinhu, uye nzanga dzinovimba kuti dzichatsigira mabasa makuru akadai semapurazi emhepo kana kuti mashongwe ezuva.

Kufambira Mberi Kwezvirongwa

Kushandiswa chaiko kwegadziriro dzesimba dzinovandudzwa zvichida ndicho chikamu chikurusa chezvirongwa zvehurumende. Zvirongwa izvi zvinogadzira jira resimba rakachena, kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kuzvinochengetedzwa.

  • Zvirongwa zvokuvadziko zvinodzoserwazve neEyero: Nyika zhinji dziri kusimbisa kuvakwa kwamapurazi makuru ezuva nenzvimbo dzemhepo. Texas, kupfurikidza nechirongwa cheContive Reeunective Energy Zone (CREZ) inopfuudzira, inopedzerwa mabhiriyoni kuvaka mitsetse inobatanidza mibato yemhepo kunzvimbo dzavagari vemo dzakadai seDallas neHouston. Iyi nzvimbo inogadzirwa nemhepo yakaita kuti Texas ive mutungamiriri wenyika musimba remhepo.
  • Grid Modertiation: Utsanana hwemagetsi hwakakomba hwakagadzirirwa simba rapakati, zvicherwa-fuel yakavakirwa panyurusi. Sa New York iri kuisa mari mu "mitsetse" ruzivo rwokugadzirwa runogona kubata kusachinja kwesimba rezuva nemhepo. Ikoku kunobatanidza mitaro yakakwirira, maatomute, uye gadziriro dzokuchengeta bhatiri dzinopfavisa kupfavisa kutsvedza kuiswa mugovero.
  • COmmuny Solar Programs: Hadzisi mhuri iri yose inogona kuisa mapango apadenga nemhaka yokutemerwa, nzvimbo yedenga, kana kuti nzvimbo yokurenda. Madhipatimendi ehurumende ari kugonesa nzanga mapindu ezuva nezuva, umo vanyoresi vazhinji vanogoverana betsero dzeruvara rumwe. Colorado’s Communial Solar Gardens Act yakanga iri imwe yemifanikiso yapakuvamba zvikurusa, ichibvumira vagari kunyoresa chikamu chebindu rezuva nezuva ndokugamuchira zvikwereti pazvikwereti zvavo zvinobetsera.
  • Nhevedzo yecherekedzo yema Network: Nyika zhinji dziri kubatanidza kugadzirwa kwechokufambisa nesimba rinomutsidzira. Somuenzaniso, California Energy Commission yakaisa inopfuura mabhiriyoni $1 (Z $56) mugadziriro inodzorwa, yakawanda yayo yakadzorwa nokuiswa kwezuva idzva nenzvimbo yokuchengetera. Uku kubatana kunoderedza kubudiswa kwezvose zviri zviviri simba nemativi okufambisa.

Iyi fambiro mberi yehwaro inoda kuronga kwenguva refu uye mari yavose inokosha, asi inoita zvinhu zvinokwezva bhizimisi ravanhu. Mushumo unobva ku U.S. Energy Information Administration unosimbisa izvo zvinowirirana nemitemo yemitemo yepfuma inoita kuti pavezve nemwero yakakwirira yokushandiswazve pamunhu.

Michina Inobvumira Kushanda Kwemitemo uye Kutungamirira

Kuisa pasi nhano dzakananga igadziriro dzemiitiro idzo dzinogadza mitemo yemugwagwa nokuda kwokukurazve kwesimba. Madhipatimendi ehurumende emibatanidzwa yezvishandiso zvemari yavose nemirau yokudzivirira mhoteredzo iyo inoita kuti fambiro mberi kana kuti zvimwe inodzivisa. Mitemo minokosha inobatanidza:

  • Zvinowanikwazve paPortfolio Digiramu (RPS): Iyi mirayiro inoda kuti makambani anoshanda awande chikamu chakati chemagetsi kubva kumanyuko anomutsidzirwa pagore rinotengwa. Kubvira muna 2025, 30 enyika dzakabatanidzwa ne Washington D.C. uye Puerto Rico ane zvipfuro zvakavharwa neRPS. RPS inoraira 60% inovandudzwa pa2030 uye 100% magetsi ecarbon pakasvika 2045.
  • Net Energy Metering (NEM): Uyu muitiro unobvumira varidzi veboka rezuva kutengesa magetsi anopfuudzwa kumijaho inodzorwa kumitengo yeshopu. Mitemo yakadai seNew Jersey neMassachusetts ine gadziriro dzinoumba NNEM dzinoita kuti dzive dzinoshanda mune zvemari nokuda kwavaridzi vemisha. Zvisinei, dzimwe nyika dzinoderedza chikwereti cheneM nokuda kwesimba rinoshaidzwa kubuda kunze kwepasi /a basa rehurumende rinoshandiswa nemadhipatimendindiro anoshanda kupfurikidza nokunzwa kwavose.
  • Mipimo yeInternational: Yakatsvuka uye inotanhamarisa yemiitiro inomutsidzira kuruvara rwakakomba. Madhipatimendi ehurumende anotanga miitiro yetsika, mitero, uye nguva nokuda kwokubatanidza, kuderedza tepi tsvuku. Interstate Renective Energy Council (IREC) inogovera mitemo yemienzaniso yemibatanidzwa iyo nyika dzakawanda dzinogamuchira.
  • Kuvaka Mabumbiro emitemo neZoning: Dzimwe nyika dziri kuvandudza marusando okuvaka kuti dzide kuvhura zuva kana kuti kudzosa simba mukuvakwa kutsva. Chivako 24 cheDare rokuvaka cheCalifornia zvino chinoraira kuti zvikamu zvezuva pamisha mitsva mizhinjisa, yokutanga munyika. Mitemo yomunzvimbomo inotapurawo uko turbines kana kuti mapurazi ezuva rezuva zvinogona kugara, uye madhipati ehurumende anowanzoshanda kutsinhiranisa iyi miraudzo.

Zvirongwa izvi zvinoita kuti pave nechokwadi, icho chinokosha kuvagadziri uye vagadziri vemabhizimisi. Pazvinenge zvarongwa, zvinangwa zvine chinzvimbo, zvinozivisa vanhu kuti kushandisa mari mukugadzira magetsi uye kuisa zvinhu kuchava nemubayiro.

Mienzaniso Yokutanga Kuitwa Nehurumende

Zvidzidzo zvinorayiridza zvikurusa zvinobva mupurogiramu dzakananga dzehurumende dzakaita kuti tsono itsiviwezve.

California: Mutezo Wendarama

California inoramba iri mutungamiriri wesimba rinomutsidzirwa muU.S.. Chinomutsidzira chiPortfolio Standard iri pakati pezvine masimba makurusa, uye nyika inoidzorera nemari inosimba. California Solarnitive (CSI), yatangwa muna 2006, yakapiwa inopfuura $2 mabhiriyoni Z $5 (Z $5 000 000 000) muzvinoisirwa zuva, ichibetsera nyika kupfuura 1 miriyoni yedenga panosvika 2019. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Caliafornia Energy Ener Coms Commos[ yanambar magetsi akananga pasimba remagetsi, kugovera mabhatirishizha pasi pePromendiro yeZhiti yeZhizha renyika rose (GPGPG). Iyi inoka zvikuru inona inona magetsi inova inoiswa nechikwaro chemagetsi chitsarira kugadzirwa nokuda kwegwero chenyika.

Texas: Piona Anopa Simba Nemhepo

Texas ifundo inoshamisa nemhaka yokuti ruvara rwayo rwesimba (ERCOT) runoshanda zvakazvimirira zvikuru kuutariri hwehurumende, bva hurumende yabatanidza mhepo nesimba. Competive Revitive Energy Zone (CRREZIS) [[FLT:]]] chirongwa chokupfuudzira, chapedzwa muna 2014, chinodya inenge $7 bhiriyoni* asi chakavhara mhepo inokwana 18 000 000 yesimba muWest Texas. Nhasi, Texas inotungamirira nyika muchizvarwa chemhepo, uye giratiro rayo razova nyika inoedzwa nokuda kwokumutsidzira kupfuvuka kukuru. Hurumende yakaonekwawo nokukura kukuru muuwa hwezvipoteshi zvemari, zvinofambiswa nezvinofambiswa nemhepo zvakashatiswa. [5]

New York: Anonyandura uye Kutarira Kumberi

Muitiro weNew York unobatanidza zvisakiso zvamasimba masimba nokusvika kusina kuenzana. [FLCPA] Act yeConvection , inopfuura muna 2019, inodzora 70% inomutsidzirwa magetsi na 2030 na100% yakasununguka na 2040. Kuwana ikoku, [[FLT:] New York State Enerner Research and Development Authority (NYSA)[FLT] inofamba mudara repurogiramu. NYUNUT-S yavesa zvinopfuudza magira mazasidhi anopfuura 4 gigatisiti na 2040. Iyi inopfuuresaidzo inopfuvura mhepo inodzosera , uye inopfuudzira mhepo. Mvura mhepo yeUS.[24]

Hawaii: Chivako Chenguva Yemberi

Sechiwi chinoti chinovimba zvikuru namafuta anopinzwa munyika, Hawaii ine mutengo wakakwirira wemagetsi munyika yacho . uye zvimwe zvezvinangwa zvine donzo rinoshuviwa zvikuru. Hurumende inovavarira 100% magetsi anomutsidzirwa pa2045, chipfuro chakanangidzirwa mumutemo. purogiramu ye [“Falm:] Haiiiie State Energy Office [[ , iyo inoderedza bhatiri resitorendi res transfect [[FLT] kuti ideredze giramu giramu. Nzvimbo yakaganhuri yakaganhuri yakasha nyika yakaganhurirwa yakatungamirira kuvandudza [[FLT] mirwiro yemichetura yemichetura nechekero yemichero yemicheto yeburimi yenzerisosososo.

Kuchinja Kwezvatinoita Nemaonero Atinoita Nguva Yemberi

Nhano dzehurumende dzakatoita miuyo inotanhamarika. Mukuwirirana namazita anobva ku U.S. Energy Information Administration, manyuko anomutsidzirwa zvino anoshumwa nokuda kweinopfuura 20% yechizvarwa chepetroli yeU.S., ane mativi akadai seIowa, Kansas, uye Oklahoma inoparadzira anopfuura 30% yesimba rayo rinobva kumhepo yoga yoga. Kutapura kwemhoteredzo kune revomhikoshi ine mipimo inomutsidzira yakaona kuderera kukuru muchadenga checarbon dioxide inobva muchikamu chesimba. Betsero dzemari dzinooneka zvakaenzana. Chikamu chesimba chakachena zvino chinoshandisa kupfuura mamirioni 3 mamirioni ezuva namabasa emhepo pakati pezvinoitwa nokukurumidza.

Kutarira mberi, nzvimbo iri kufambira mberi. Tsitsidzo dzemitengo mukuchengetera bhetri, mhepo inoyangarara iri kure nemhenderekedzo, uye hydrogen yegirini iri kuvhura mikana mitsva. Madhipatimendi ehurumende ari kuwedzera kubatanidza uhu ruzivo mumarongedzero awo. Somuenzaniso, California iri kuisa mari mukuchengetera zvinhu kwenguva refu, nepo New York iri kuongorora kusanganisa hydrogen nokuda kwemitezo yejeti. Inflationdion Reduction Act (IRA) inopa wedzero yezvikwereti zvakawedzerwa uye gadziriro dzemari, asi kugadzirwa kwehurumende kunofanira kuva nemirayiro inowirirana, yakadai sokubvumira nokuvandudza kuvaka, kuti ishandiswe zvizere patsigiro yomubatanidzwa.

Denho dzemibatanidzwa dzinopfuurira. Kunonoka kwekubatanidza pakati pemibatanidzwa, kuganhurira kwegove, uye perevedzo dzamabasa zvinogona kunonozetsa fambiro mberi. Mukuwedzera, chishoro chezvamatongerwe enyika mune dzimwe nyika chakaparira kuderera kwezvipfuro kana kuti mutemo unorwisana nezuva. Zvisinei, mufungo wezvemari unogombedzera nenzira inowedzera: simba rinova rinotapudzika zvikuru manyuko echizvarwa chitsva chemagetsi, uye magariro ayo anoisa pakuvamba mari ari kuwana betsero dzendyiko dzakaderera, chisiko chebasa, uye kuzvimirira.

Nguva yemberi yesimba rinomutsidzirwa ingangova yakananga pakusasarura nokugadziridza. Zvirongwa zviri kugadzirirwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti nzanga nenzanga dzinenge dzaderera dzinosvika, idzo dzakatakura musero wesimba rinosvibiswa, dzinowana simba rakachena nemutengo waichengetwa. Microgrids uye chizvarwa chinoparadzirwa zvichaita basa guru pakuita kuti nzanga dzitsungirire zvikuru mamiriro okunze akanyanya kuwirirana nemamiriro okunze. Sezvo nyika dzinovandudza zvirongwa zvadzo zvesimba, simbiso ichabva pakushandiswa kwakachena kubatanidzwa, kuchengetedzwa, uye kufambidzana kwakanaka mumativi.

Mumhedziso, madhipatimendi ehurumende akava vagadziri vesimba rinomutsidzirwa reAmerica. Kupfurikidza nesundo dzemari, dzidzo, kuisa mari yepfuma, uye muitiro wokuchenjera, vakabvisa musika, kuderedza ndyiko, uye kuvakwa kwetsigiro yavose. Nepo nzira inoenda mberi isina mhinganidzo, simba rakajeka: miganhu haimiriri chiito chehurumende; iri kutungamirira nzira, imwe shopu yezuva, turbine, uye chivako chesimba panguva imwe. Nokuda kwavanoisa magetsi pamusha kubhizimisi.