Kunzwisisa Mamiriro Ezvinhu Echienzi Munzanga yeIndia

Murangariro we Seclatical Sestut (SCS) nokuda kwedzimwe nyika dzeIndia wave uri rutivi runorondedzera rwemibatanidzwa yenyika yehurumende yehurumende uye muitiro wokubudirira kweruwa kwamakore anopfuura makumi mashanu. Uku kurongeka kunomirira mutoo wakarongeka wokupedza nawo zvinetso zvakasiyana nezviri kutarisana nehurumende kuti zviri mumugariro wakaparadzana nomugariro, zvine mari, kana kuti zvinotapurwa. Chitsama cheSCS chakananga kuti mari inoparadzirwa sei, inoita kuti ifambire mberi ive nzvimbo yokutanga, uye kuti hurumende yepakati inobatana sei nezvigaro zvehurumende. Mumakore, SCSS yakabva pakuva wirirana kwemitengo yemari kuti ive chiteshinanwa chamajeko anotemwaidzo anotemwa mumugariro wezve enyika.

Mavambo eSCS anogona kurondwa kusvikira ku Fith Finance Commission (11969), iyo yakaziva kuti nyika dzakati dzaida mugove wakakwirira webetsero yapakati nemhaka yezvisakiso zvadzo zvechivako. Gadgil Formula, yakapiwa zita renyanzvi yezvemari nevezvamatongerwe enyika Dhananjay Gadgil, yakarongedzerwa mipimo nokuda kwemari inobvisa mari kuti igovare, asi yakanga iri Commissioning yakarongwa iyo yakabatanidza SCSplam. Chifo panguva iyeyo, mugariro wacho wakabvumirwa kutaura kuti unowirirana nezvinodikanwa chaizvo, kunyange zvazvo muitiro wacho wakapesve uchipesvedzerwa nokurangarira kwezvamatongerwe enyika sevavariro huru. Sezvo, kurukurirano yenhau dzazvinopoteredza SCS yawedzera, namasangano makuru makuru ehurumende.

Kupesana Kwemitemo Nebumbiro Remitemo

Musi wekunzwisisa kwavose, Gadziriro yeChession yeChension haiwaniswi mugadziridzo ipi neipi yebumbiro-mitemo kana kuti nyaya [. Panzvimbo pezvo, hwaro hwapamutemo hunotsamira pazvisarudzo zvemiitiro yeBhimbidzo, kuronga nhungamiro, uye rumbidzo dzeMamishoni eMari inotevedzana. Bumbiro reMitemo reIndia rinogovera gadziriro yakafara nokuda kwechibvumirano chehurumende kupfurikidza neZvikamu 268 kusvikira ku 293, izvo zvinobata nokuparadzirwa kwemitengo pakati peUniyumu nehurumende, asi SCS inoshanda kunze kweiyi gadziriro yemitemo.

Basa Rebasa Rokuronga

Dare rokuronga, rakashanda kubvira muna 1950 kusvikira ratsiviwa naNITI Ayog muna 2015, rakanga riri sangano guru raitungamirira nokupa nokutarisira SCS. Commission yakashandisa nzvimbo yacho kugovera yakakwirira pamunhu payakati kuti yamuro[ yokutaura nenjodzi dzakati. Rubatsiro rwakatora chimiro [[FLT:] 90 muzana inopa uye 10 muzana yechikwereti [ nokuda kwezvirongwa zvinotsigirwa, zvichienzaniswa nezvikamu 30 muzana zvinopa uye 70 muzana zvinowanika kumarudzi asingadi pamutemo. Iyi bhadharo yakanaka yakanga iri betsero huru zvikurusa yakaisvonaka yeSCC uye yakaitwa chimbidzo chakasimba nokuda kwezvikamu.

Sangano rokuronga rainzi National Development Council, iro raibatanidza Mutungamiriri weHurumende, Ministeri, uye vamiririri vakuru veSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano rePlannicha, vakaita zvisarudzo zvokupedzisira pakupa SCS. Zvisinei, izvi zvisarudzo hazvina kumbobatanidzwa mumutemo, izvo zvaireva kuti mugariro wacho waigona kupiwa, kugadziridzwa, kana kuti kubviswa nechiito chevakuru vakuru. Uku kupesana kwapamutemo kwave kuri manyuko anopfuurira egakava rezvamatongerwe enyika, sezvo mamiriro ezvinhu okuti SCS anorasikirwa kana kuti anorambwa ane maruramiro anoganhurirwa pamutemo.

Muti weGadigil-Mukerjee Fomula

Gadgil-Mukherjee Formula, yatangwa muna 1990 pashure pekudzokororwa kweGadgil Formula yapakuvamba, yakapfuuridzira muitiro wokuisa chikamu chakati chebetsero yepakati kumitezo chaiyo. Muiyi nzira, masangano chaiwo akagamuchira mugove wakagadzwa webetsero yakavakirwa pamanyuko avanhu, mari inotambirwa paimwero, uye zvinetso zvakati. Muitiro wacho unosimbisa kuti aya masangano agamuchire mugove mukuru zvikuru wemari yepakati yehuwavagari vemo, inoabvumira kuva zvikamu zvokukura nokukurumidza zvikuru. Kunzvera kunotenderwa kwomuitiro kunogona kutendwa kupfurikidza nemishumo yakabva [FFOct:2] PSRFFF]

Kuchinjira kuNITI Ayayog uye Komisheni Yezvemari Zvinokarakadza

Kuparadzwa kweDare rokuronga muna 2015 kwakaratidzira nguva yechinjo yeSCS. NITI Aayog, sangano rinotsiva, hakuna kupfuudzira gadziriro yeSCS muchimiro chayo chapakuvamba. Panzvimbo pezvo, yakatsigira kuwedzerwa kwemitero yapakati kubva ku 32 muzana kusvikira ku 42 muzana, nepo inoderedza kurema kwapanguva imwe cheteyo kuSCS mumuitiro. [[FLT:] [14] Dare remari (2011] Commission (2015) yakarumbidza kuwedzerwa kwemitero yepakati kubva ku 32 muzana kusvikira ku4 muzana, nepo inoderedza kurema kwapamhiko kuiswa mumitengo. Commussionation de consotiont trationtstion idzo dzose dzinoda kurapa. [FFFF]][15] Komiti yemitero yemari inopfuuresa.[FF]

Mupimo Wokugovera Mamiriro Ezvinhu Echienzi

National Development Council yakatanga mupimo wakananga wokupa SCS, kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kweiyi mipimo nguva dzose kwave kusiri kunowirirana.Nyika dzinotsvaka SCS dzinofanira kuratidzira kuvapo kwamavara anoverengeka akananga ayo anodziparadzanisa nedzimwe nyika uye dzinoruramisa kubatwa kwadzinoda.

  • Kuparadzaniswa kwoupenyu: Mitemo iri munharaunda dziri kure nenzvimbo yakaoma, nzvimbo yakaganhurirwa, uye mibatanidzwa yezvokufambisa mishomanene inokwanisa nokuda kweSCS. Iyi revo inoshanda zvikurukuru kunyika dzokuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva nenzvimbo dzeHimalaya umo jini inoparira mitengo inokosha pamusoro pemibato yokubudirira.
  • Kudzokera shure kwoupfumi: nyika nemari inowanwa nomunhu mumwe nomumwe iri pasi zvikuru peavhareji yorudzi, mwero yeurombo yakakwirira, kukura kwakaganhurirwa kwenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye gadziriro dzepfuma dzakaneta zvinorangarirwa nokuda kweSCS. Kudzokera shure kwemari kunoyerwa kupfurikidza nezviratidziro zvakadai semwero wourombo, mwero wourovha, uye kukura kweGDP.
  • Ukoshi hwechikamuraniso: nyika dziri pedyo nemiganhu yamarudzi ose, zvikurukuru idzo dzinogoverana miganhu neChina, Pakistan, Bangladesh, uye Myanmar, dzingagamuchira SCS nemhaka yerangariro dzedziviriro nechengeteko. Nheyo yemipimo inoziva kuti muganhu unotarisana nedenho dzakasiana neganhuriro, ganhuriro yapachivande, uye kuvapo kwechiuto.
  • Nheyo dzakaiswa: nyika dzine mibatanidzwa yemigwagwa isina kukwana, magetsi akakwana, zvivako zvedzidzo yakaganhurirwa, uye gadziriro dzokurapa dzakaneta dzinokwaniriswa nokuda kweSCS. Nhevedzo yemipimo yemipimo inonangidzira pakuvhara mukaha pakati penzvimbo dzakasimukira nedzisina kusimukira kupfurikidza nokutenga mari yepakati.
  • Ndyiko yakakwirira yekubudirira: nyika umo mutengo wokupa mabasa avose namabasa ezvirongwa zveronzesa wakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura avhareji yenyika nemhaka yenzvimbo, mamiriro okunze, kana kuti kusiana zvinogamuchira SCS. Ndyiko huru yokubudirira inoziva kuti kutama kwakaenzana kunoparira miuyo apo ndyiko inosiana zvikuru munyika.
  • Nheyo dzemanyuko [: nyika dzine pfuma yomusikirwo yakaganhurirwa, mitengo yemari isina kusimba yechizvarwa, uye mitero miduku inoiswa pachirongwa nokuda kweSCS. Hurumende idzi dzinotsamira zvikuru pakutamisirwa kukuru kuchengeta mabasa makuru avose uye hadzigoni kugadzira zvinhu zvomukati zvakakwana kuti dzikudziridze kukura.

Iyi mipimo yakagadzirirwa kuzivisa kuti zvisakiso zvegadziriro youvako zvisina kugadzirwa. Kurongwa kwakanga kwaitirwa kuva kwechinguvana, nekariro yokuti nyika chaidzo dzichawana pakupedzisira kuva nomwero nemimwe mitemo uye kwetezve kuda kubatwa kusingada kuitirwa. Zvisinei, mukushanda, kana zvabvumirwa, SCS yakabvumikisa kuva kwakaoma kubvisa, uye nyika dzinoverengeka dzinopfuurira kugamuchira betsero nguva refu pashure pokunge ganhuriro dzadzo dzatanga dzaderera. Nokuda kwokushata kune udzame kwamashandisirwo ayo aya mipimo inodikandwazve, [[FLT: 0] NITIayog yewebrog [ inogovera mapepa emitemo nenhungamiro.

Mitemo Yakagamuchira Chimiro Chinokosha Chenyika

Mumakore ose apfuura, nyika dzine gumi nerimwe dzakapiwa SCS pamativi akasiyana- siyana. Vagamuchiri vokutanga vakanga vachibva kunharaunda yokuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, vachiratidzira denho dzokukura dzakasiana kunharaunda iyoyo. Nyika dzakagamuchira SCS batanidza Assam, Nagaland, Hikal Pradesh, Manipur, Mekhalaya, Skikkam, Tritura, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Jammu & Kashmir, uye Utarankhand[. Chimwe nechimwe cheidzinogaro ichi chakasangana nezvitemwaratisi zvakasimbiswa panguva yokubvumira, kunyange zvazvo mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja zvikuru kubvira panguva iyoyo.

Chinoitika cha Jammu & Kashmir chinoraidza zvikuru. Nyika yakagamuchirwa SCS kuvambira mumakore apakuvamba egadziriro, asi mugariro wayo wakasungirwa kwete bedzi kumipimo yemari asiwo kugadziriro chaidzo dzemitemo pasi peChikamu 370, icho chakapa mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana mukati meIndian Union. Kutevera kunyorwa kweChikamu R370 mu 2019 uye kurongwazve kwenyika mundima mbiri, mubvunzo weSCS wakava nzvimbo yacho, sezvo nzvimbo dzose dziri mbiri dzechibvumirano dzisina kuwirirana nokuda kwechikamu chadzoreso. Nenzira yakafanana, [FLT:] .[FLT] [FFFF] [FF] [FF]

Zvaidiwa Zvematongerwo Enyika uye Kushandiswa Kwakakodzera

Kupa nokusapiwa kweChatichiti Chaicho kwazova chishandiso chezvamatongerwe enyika chine simba mune zvamatongerwe enyika zveIndia. Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika pamwero yose iri miviri yorudzi nehurumende anoshandisa kudikanwa kweSCS sechishandiso chokuunganidza, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzinonzwa dzaderedzwa kana kuti kuregeredzwa nemitemo mikuru. Chimiro chakava noukoshi hwokufananidzira hunopfuura zvikuru mirangariro yacho chaiyoiyo.

Zvinhu Zvikuru

Zvinodikanwa zveSCS kazhinji kazhinji zvinooneka murusarudzo, zvikurukuru munyika dzakadai se Andhrah Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha, uye Rajasthan. Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika anovimbisa kudzivirira SCS nokuda kwemiuyo yawo sechiratidzo chamano awo okutsigira nenzira inobudirira fariro dzomuruwa. Chinodikanwa chacho chinonzwika navavhoti vanonzwisisa SCS somutoo wokubudirira nokukurumidza uye kunatsiridza mabasa avose. Muzvimwe zviitiko, kudisa kana kuti kusada kubvumira SCS kwakakomba kwakasarudza miuyo, namasangano anotusa kana kuti chirango akavakirwa pakubudirira kwavo kunooneka mukuwana mugariro.

Mugariro we [[FLT: 0] Andrah Pradesh unoratidzira kukura kwezvamatongerwe enyika kweSCS. Pashure pokuzvidzwa kwehurumende muna 2014, mugariro weAndhraPradesh wakaraira SCS seripo kurasikirwa naHyrabhad, dzimbahwe rayo rezvemari nerezvoutongi. Mapati makuru ezvamatongerwe enyika munyika, kubatanidza [[FLT:] Testemu Party (TDP) [FLT3] [FLT]] uye [FLT:] RYS .RRS .[FLCP], akapesvedzera , kubatanidza chinyorwa neboka rimwe nerimwe reSC, rinoparongetasiti yehurumende. [[FFF]

Ukama Hunowirirana Nekurukurirano

SCS inoshanda sechikamu chinowirirana pakati penhau. Mitemo inokosha nenzira inoshanda kuboka rinotonga panzvimbo yacho inogona kudzora nzvimbo yavo kuraira SCS semugariro wetsigiro inopfuuridzirwa yezvamatongerwe enyika. Nenzira yakapesana, zvinotaura kuti zvakabatanidzwa neshoo zvingawana zvikumbiro zvayo zveSCS zvichifuratirwa kana kuti kunonotswa. Uku kuchinjwa kwezvakarangarirwa pakuvamba segadziriro yemichina kwakaderedza kutenderwa kweSCS uye kwakatungamirira kukupomerwa rusarura rusaruro nerusaruro.

Kudikanwa kweSCS ne Bihar [[FLT: 1] ndiro pfundo. Pasinei zvapo nokuva imwe yenyika dzine urombo zvikurusa muIndia dzine mari yakaderera pamunhu, zvirongwa zvakaganhurirwa, uye kukwirira kwavagari vemo, Bihar haina kugamuchira SCS. Utungamiriri hwezvamatongerwe enyika hwakataura kuti Bihar anosangana nemipimo yose yakagadzwa uye kuti kubviswa kwayo muSCS kunoratidza ts ts. Nenzira yakafanana, Odshah yakaraira SCS pamativi amomberi azvo, ngwavaira dzomusikirwo, uye kuregeredzwa kwenhau. Kurambwa kwaizvozvi zvinodikanwa izvi kunoitwa muruwa uye nokuda kwemiganhu.

Kufambira Mberi Kwomunharaunda Nokusaenzana

Zvikarakadzo zvezvamatongerwe enyika zveSCS zvinotambanukira kupfuura zviverengero zveminzvero yakafara ye wirirano nefambiro mberi. Nyika dzine SCS dzakabetserwa nechepamusorosoro pemari inoiswa, zvivako zvakavandudzwa, uye zviratidzo zviri nani zvenzanga zvichienzaniswa nezvisiri SSCS nemigariro yapamberi pezvipo. Zvisinei, vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti uku kurapa kwakaisvonaka kwakaparira [ syndromessss, umo hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinovimba nokuchinja kwapakati pezvo panzvimbo pokutanga manyuko adzoro azvo.

Nyika dzakadziva kumabvazuva dzinogovera mufananidzo wakavhengana. Nepo SCS yakabetsera idzi nyika kuvandudza marongedzero adzo nezviratidzo zvenzanga, mwero wevandudziko wave uchinonoka kupfuura waikarirwa nemhaka yokudzora zvinetso, kudzorwa, uye kudzorwa kwehurumende. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukurukurirano pamusoro pokuti SCS yoga yakakwana here nokuda kwokukura kana kuti kana chinjo dzinowirirana mukudzora, kutarisirwa kwemitevedzero, uye kuzvidavirira kwomunzvimbomo kuri madikanwa.

Urombo Nezvinetso Zvakapoteredza SCS

Kusasarura Nokuvimba Navamwe

Gakava guru rakapoteredza SCS nderokuti rinotsigira rechokwadi kana kuti rinoparira kutsamira patsvainzo yenhau . Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti mugariro unogovera tsigiro iri madikanwa kukutaura kuti isingagoni kukwikwikwidzana nenzvimbo dzakabudirira zvikuru. Vanonongedzera kubudiriro yenhau yeSCS mukuvandudza dzidzo, utano, uye mitemo mugamuchiri. Vanopesana kuti mativi anoitwa anoparira boka [[FLT:]] ramaganhuro anodiwa kuti asagona kukwikwidzana kuti ashairwe zvikarakadzo zvemipimo.

14th Financial Commission yakataura iyi itiro hanya kupfurikidza nokurumbidza kuchinjwa kukuru kwemibatanidzwa yose nepo ichideredza betsero chaidzo dzeSCS. Commission yakataura kuti itiro hanya inofanira kubviswa pamasangano enyika sechaiwo kana kuti isiri chaiyo kuva nechokwadi chokuti nyika dzose dzine zvinhu zvakakwana kuti dzisvitse zvinodikanwa. Iyi nzira yakatsigirwa nehurumende yepakati asi inotsoropodzwa nokutaura kuti kutya kurasikirwa nebetsero chaidzo dzeSCSCS pasina kuwana betsero dzinobetsera.

Kuva Akakodzera Kutevedzero Yemitemo Nedenho Dzapamutemo

Kushaikwa kwehwaro hwebumbiro remitemo reSCS kwakatungamirira ku denho dzapamutemo nezvinoraira kuti pave nokuzivikanwa kwemitemo. Mitengo inoverengeka yakasvika matare achiramba kuti kuramba SCS kunoputsa nheyo yokurapa kwakaenzana pasi peChikamu 14 cheBumbiro reMitemo. Zvisinei, matare anoramba kazhinji kazhinji kudzongonyedza chisarudzo chavakuru vakuru mukupa SCS, achirangarira kuti rutongeso runobatanidza rutongeso rwakaoma urwo runosiiwa nehurumende.

Nyanzvi dzemitemo dzakakarakadza kuti kuisa SCS mumutemo kungagovera kujeka kukuru zvikuru ndokuderedza upambo hwezvisarudzo zvemhindu. Sangano raizotanga mipimo inooneka, mipimo yerangariro yedonzo, uye mitsara yakajeka yokupa nokuhwirudzura SCS. Pasina gadziriro yakadaro, mugariro unoramba usina kukuvadzwa kukudzvinyirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika nokushandiswa kusingawirirani. [ Website yeIndia yeIndia yeIndia yeCP] inogovera kusvika kuzvinyorwa zvapamutemo uye mishumo yedare ine chokuita chibvumirano.

Zvinodiwa Zvechinzvimbo Chitsva Chenyika Chaicho

Mumakore achangopfuura, dzimwe nyaya dzinoverengeka dzinotaura kuti pakutanga vanhu vakanga vasiri kupiwa SCS dzakawedzera kudiwa kuti vanzi vaitwe mamwe marudzi.

  • Andhh : Zvinokumbirwa SCS somubhadharo nokuda kwokurasikirwa neHyrád nedzondo remari rakaparirwa nokupaza. Hurumende inoramba kuti chipikirwa cheSCS chakaitwa mukati mekurukurirano dzeparamende paAndradesh Reorganization Act, 2014.
  • [[NHAU: 0] : Kutsvaka SCS yakavakirwa pamubhadharo wakaderera pamunhu, mwero yakakwirira yeurombo, uye miganhu yakaganhurirwa. Hutungamiriri hwezvamatongerwe enyika hwehurumende hunotaura kuti Bihar yakaregeredzwa nenzira ine nhevedzano muzvirongwa zvepakati.
  • : Zvinodiwa SCS kududza chiverengero chayo chavagari vemo vendudzi, kuwiriraniswa nedutu namafashamo, uye kuganhurirwa kwenzvimbo dzokugadzirwa. Hurumende inonongedzera kukukura kwayo kwapasi kwemiuyo yavanhu sezvibvumikiso.
  • Rajastann[[FLT: 1]: Panhambo nenhambo yakakwidziridza kudikanwa kweSCS, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzomugwenga nenharaunda dzamadzinza, ichitaura kuti mugariro wenyika nomugariro wokunze zvinoparira mutengo mukuru.
  • Goa: Yakatsvaka SCS munguva yakapfuura, ichidudza ukuru hwayo huduku nenzvimbo yakaganhurirwa, kunyange zvazvo chinodikanwa chakaderera sezvo mubato wemari wehurumende wakavandudzika.

Kuwanda kwezvinodikanwa kwakaparira bhodhoro rebrock', sokupa SCS kunyika dzokuwedzera kwaizotambanudza zviteshi zvapakati ndokuderedza betsero pamunhu mumwe nomumwe dzinowanika kuvagamuchiri varipo. Hurumende yepakati yapindura kupfurikidza nokupa zvimwe zvimiro zvebetsero, zvakadai se pakiti dzechienzi uye project-rity shopu yemari yeSCS, pasina kupa mamiriro ezvinhu akazara. Zvisinei, izvi zvinotsiva zvakashorwa sezvisingakwani uye zvisina kuva nechokwadi uye zvakajeka zveSCC.

Kuchinja Kwezvichangobva Kuitika Nezvemitemo

Kuguma Kwebasa Rokuronga Nguva

Kutsiviwa kwePlanning Commission ne NITI Ayagog muna 2015 kwakaratidzira chinja rehwaro mumararamire eIndia kunamato yehurumende yeIndiya. Planning Commission yakanga iri chibatiso chesangano cheSCS, uye kuparara kwayo kwakaparira shawa mugadziriro yokuronga. NITI Aayog yakagamuchira muenzaniso wesangano rehurumende [[ inosimbisa kushandirana, makwikwikwi, uye migumisiro inowirirana namashoko anobva panzvimbo pekuronga zvinhu.

Pasi peNITI Aayog, hurumende yapakati yakatama kubva kugadziriro yeSCS kuenda kugadziriro dzeruwa dzemaruwa . Zvirongwa izvi zvakagadzirirwa kurongera zvishandiso munharaunda dzine urombo zvikurusa mukati memaruwa, pasinei zvapo norudzi rwehurumende. Uku kurangarira kuti urombo neshambidziko hazvina kuganhurirwa kunyika dzose asi zvakanangidzirwa mumaruwa nenzanga.

Kukurudzirwa Kwebasa Remari

[1] Komiti yeMari (2015] ne[FLT]] 15 Komiti yeMari ([FLT: 1) yose iri miviri yakagovera ku [] diviti yeSCS []. Kupfurikidza nokuwedzera mugove wemitero yepakati namamwe masangano kusimbisa mipimo yakadai sechifukito chesango, kuchinja kwapanguva yavose, uye nhanho, maKomishoni akaderedza kutsanatsa kutsa kwakabatana neSCS. Dare reDHwe 15 remari rakanatsazve zviwanikwa zvakavakirwa panzvimbo dzapavhuro.

Iyi chinjo yakava nerevo dzinokosha nokuda kwehurumende dzinogamuchira. Nepo kubviswa kwechinjo kwakakwirira kwatsiva dzimwe nyika nokuda kwokurasikirwa nebetsero dzeSCS dzakananga, dzimwe dzakawana kuderera kwemibato mubetsero yapakati. Nyika dzine vanhu vakawanda nemari shoma yavanotambira pamunhu, dzakadai seUtar Pradesh naBihar, dzakabetserwa negadziriro itsva, nepo nyika duku nevagari vemo vaduku dzakaona kuderera kwegoverano yavo. Mashoko ane chokuita netapuro yeiyi chinjo anogona kunzverwa kupfurikidza neUTRATE Pradesh yepawebsite yeIndia [[FLT:]]

Kupindura Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nezvinodikanwa Zvinopfuurira

Pasinei zvapo nemitemo yabviswa paSCS, dzvinyiriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinopfuurira kudzorwa nenzvimbo isingadzoreki. Sarudzo dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi dzehurumende dzakaratidzira SCS senhau yakatanhamara muAndroPradesh, Bihar, uye Odisha. Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika anopfuurira kuvimbisa SCS kuvhota, kunyange seizvo nzvimbo inochengeta kuti kusarudzwa hakuchakodzerizve mugadziriro itsva yemari.

Mhaka yaAndhrah Pradesh inoramba iri mhaka inopomerwa zvikurusa mune zvamatongerwe enyika. Kudzorwa kwehurumende muna 2014 kwakaperekedzwa nezvipikirwa zvakajeka zveSCS kubva kuvatungamiriri vapakati, kubatanidza Mutungamiriri wePrime naMutungamiriri weMusha. Kuramba kwakatevera kupa mugariro wacho kwakaratidzirwa sechiputsiso chechipikirwa uye kwakanyandura pfundepfundepfunde. Hurumende yakadenha nzvimbo yenzvimbo mudare uye yakatsvaka kuita kuti nhau yacho ive yakakurumbira mumibatanidzwa.

Nzvimbo yehurumende huru ndeyokuti gadziriro yeSCS ichiripo uye kuti miitiro inotsiva kutsigira nyika dzinoshaiwa inobudirira zvikuru. Hurumende yakagovera Andrah Pradesh a shopu chaiyo yebetsero [ inobatanidza mari yegadziriro yepollam yokudiridza, kurudziro dzenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye ganhuriro dzemitero. Zvisinei, vatungamiriri vehurumende vakaramba idzi dzimwe nzira dzinotsiva sedzisina kukwana uye vakapfuurira kuraira kuzivikanwa kwetsika yeSCSCS.

Zvinetso Zvakafara ZvechiIndian Federalism

kurukurirano yeSCS inotapura [[FLT: 0] mibvunzo yakakomba yesangano reIndia : nzira yokudzikamisa nayo kudikanwa kwechinzwano chorudzi nokuzivikanwa kwemhatsa yenyika, nzira yokugovera nayo zviwanikwa zvishoma pakati penyika dzinokwikwidzana, uye nzira yokuva nechokwadi chokuti vagari vose vanogona kuwana mabasa makuru avose pasinei zvapo nekwavanogara. Mhindumupindu yeSCS inoratidzira kunzwisiswa kwakachinja kweiyi mibvunzo.

Kuchinja Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu Zvisina Kuoma

Chikamu cheSCS chapakuvamba chakavakirwa pafungidziro yokuti nyika dzakati dzaida betsero chaiyo yechinguvana[ kukurira kuvadziko dzouvako. Chifungwa chakanga chiri chokuti idzi nyika pakupedzisira dzaizowana mwero nedzimwe nyika ndokurega kuda kurapwa chaiko. Zvisinei, kupfuurira kwemisiyano yeruwa kunokarakadza kuti kunzvera kwapakuvamba kwakanga kusina kukwana. Zvikanganisika hazvikudzwi nyore kupfurikidza nokutamiswa kwezvisaririra zvoga, uye dzimwe nyika dzingada kutsigirwa kwenguva refu.

Mutoo wekutsiva , unobatanidzwa murumbidzo dzeMasangano eMari ye 14 ne15, unonangidzira ngwariro pa kutsaurwa kusingachinjiki mumativi ose[ panzvimbo pokuisa kumira kwakaenzana kwemitezo mishomanene. Iyi nzira inoziva kuti urombo, ganhuriro dzemanyuko, uye denho dziripo munyika dzose uye kuti chitsama chitsama chemitevero chinofanira kuvakirwa pazviratidzo zvehwaro pane kubvisa zvinyorwa. Zvisinei, vatsoropo vatsoropote vanoramba kuti uku kunoderedza kuisa ngwariro panharaunda dzinoshaiwa zvikurusa uye kungasiya nyika dzisina tsigiro zvakakwana.

Nguva Yemberi YeSCS Inorongwa

Nguva yemberi yeSCS haina chokwadi. Hurumende huru yakajekesa kuti haisati ichironga kupa nhevedzano itsva dzeSCS, uye vagamuchiri varipo vari kurumurwa zvishoma nezvishoma kupfurikidza nomutoo mutsva wekuchinja. Zvisinei, chinodikanwa cheSCS chezvamatongerwe enyika hachiratidzi zviratidzo zvokurwisa, uye hurumende dzenguva yemberi dzingasarudza kumutsazve gadziriro yacho kana kuchibatira fariro dzadzo dzezvamatongerwe enyika.

Nzvimbo imwe yapakati inobvira kuumbwa kwe mirayiridzi inoshanda nokuda kwebetsero chaiyo iyo inobatanidza nheyo dzegadziriro yeSCS nepo ichiiita kuti ijeke zvikuru uye ive inozvidavirira. Gadziriro yakadaro ingatanga mipimo yakajeka yokuziva nyika dzinoshaiwa, kugadza nguva yokuhwirudzura marongedzero, uye kugovera miitiro yokubetsera sezvo nyika dzinowana fambiro mberi. Iyi nzira yaizobatanidza kunanga kweSCSCS nokudeya kutemwa uye kururama kwegadziriro yemitemo.

Zvidzidzo Kuvaiti Vemitemo

Chinoitika cheSCS chinogovera zvidzidzo zvinoverengeka kuvaiti vemiitiro. Chokutanga, zvirongwa zvemasangano matsva pasina tsigiro yapamutemo zviri nyore kuchinjwa nezvamatongerwe enyika nokushandiswa kusingawirirani. Chechipiri, mamiriro ezvinhu echinguvana anowanzova echigarire[[, uye mashandiro okubetsera kubvisa betsero anokosha kukuita kuti utsanana. [[FLT:]], kutama kwogadzikwa kwoga hakukwaniswi [ nokuda kwokubudirira; zvinofanira kubatanidzwa nokuchinja, kuvaka, uye kuzvidavirira. [FLT] zvipikirwa zvakapoteredza [FFFT]

Sezvo India inopfuurira kuchinja muenzaniso wayo wehurumende yehurumende, zvidzidzo zvinobva muruzivo rwokuzviwanira rweSCS zvichava zvinokosha mukugadzira miitiro inobudirira zvikuru yokukurukura misiyano yenharaunda. Vavariro inofanira kuva gadziriro inovimbisa nyika dzose dzine zvinhu zvadzinoda kuti dzigovere mabasa anokosha negadziriro, nepo zvichiparirawo kurudziro dzechirango chemari, kukura kwemari, uye zviremera zvakanaka.

mhedziso

Mativi apamutemo nezvamatongerwe enyika e Chikamu cheChikamu chenjiso chapanguva imwe cheteyo nokuda kwedzimwe nyika dzeIndia zvinogovera hwindo muzvinetso zvakafara zvikuru zve reginational econformation nerecualition muIndia[. Nepo SCS yakagovera tsigiro yezvakagoverwa kuti irangarire mamiriro ezvinhu ezvivako, magariro azvo akagadzirirwa, kudzorwa kwazvo kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kushaidzwa kwapamutemo zvakaderedza kushanda kwayo nokuvimbwa kwazvo. Kuchinja kukumwe kufambidzana, kwakabatanidza muzvirongwa zvemari zvemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi uye miitiro yeNITIOg, inomirira kuchinja kukuru mumasikirwo ezvikamu zveIndia.

Zvisinei, kudikanwa kweSCS kunoramba kwakasimba mune zvematongerwe enyika, uye mano ehurumende yepakati okudzivisa izvi zvinodikanwa achatsamira pakuti miitiro yokutsiva inogona kuparira betsero dzinooneka kunyika dzinoshaiwa nenharaunda. Mhindu yeSCS kubva kuwiriraniswa kwemabhajeti emari necherekedzo yezvokutengeserana kunoratidzira kubatanidzwa kwakaoma kwomutemo, zvamatongerwe enyika, uye zvoupfumi muudzori hweIndia. Sezvo India inopfuurira, denho ichava yokugadzira miitiro inosimudzira kukura kusingachinjiki munyika dzose nepo ichiziva zvinodikanwa zvakasiana zvezvikamu zvipfumitengwa zvikurusa zvinoshaiwa.