Kutanga: Chinetso Choutsotsi Mumaguta Nebasa Romutarisiri Weguta

Utsotsi hwomumaguta hunoramba huri chinetso chinopfuurira uye chakaoma icho chinotapura kunaka kwoupenyu, simba remari, uye kubatana kwenzanga kwamaguta kupota nyika. Kuvambira pautsotsi hwezvinhu kusvikira kumhosva dzamasimba masimba, tapuro youtsotsi inotambanukira kumativi ose, kuderera chivimbo mumasangano avose uye kudzongonyedza kukura kwenzanga. Mamaneja eguta ane mutoro nokuda kwemabasa ezuva nezuva ehurumende dzemasiparatisi / anopiwa nzvimbo yakaganhurirwa kutsinhiranisa mitoo inodzora utsotsi inopfuura kutevedzero yomutemo wegamuchidzanwa. Vanotarisira bhajeti, vanobatira pamwe namadhipatimendi emasangano enzanga, vanodzivisa kurovererwa kwemibato, uye vanoshandisa miitiro yemiitiro yemiitiro yemiitiro yemitengo iyo yose iri yose iri miuyo yezuva nezuva nezvinoparira utsotsi.

Kuderedza utsotsi kunobudirira kunoda nzira [ yakavharwa iyo inobatanidza kuchengetwa, kudzivisa], gadziriro yemhoteredzo, mabhizimisi enzanga, uye nzanga. Nzvero nguva dzose inoratidza kuti hapana kupindira kumwe kunoshanda mukuzviparadzanisa; panzvimbo pezvo, kubudirira kunotsamira pamiitiro inowirirana noufakazi inowirirana nemigariro yomunzvimbomo. Nyaya ino inonzvera zvirongwa zvinokosha izvo vanamazvikokota veguta vanogona kugadzira kuderedza, kunyora pamienzaniso chaiyoiyo yenyika, zvidzidzo zvemari, uye zvinorumbidza. Chirongwa chimwe nechimwe chinoongororwa mukudzika, kusimbisa migumisiro yacho inowirirana nemigariro yomunzvimbomo, kugadzira, uye migumisiro inobvumikiswa.

Tsika Dzenzanga: Kuvaka Kuvimbana Nokubatana

Poropoti yenzanga ndichimwe chezvirongwa zvakagamuchirwa zvikurusa zvokuderedza utsotsi nepo kuchivandudza ukama hwemapurisa nesangano. Pakati pahwo, mapurisa enzanga anochinja ngwariro kubva pakuchengetwa kwomutemo kwokuita chiito kuva kudzokororwa kwechinetso, navakuru vakuru vava mitezo inokosha yenharaunda dzavanoshumira. Mamaneja eguta anoita basa guru muiri shifiti kupfurikidza nezvishandiso zvechorlocat, vashandi vanorovedza, uye kusimudzira kutengwa kwesangano.

Nheyo Nemiitiro

Uzivi hunogara pambiru nhatu: [ mativi enzvimbo imwe pakati pamapurisa nenzanga, orgiation [ iyo inochinja zvakanaka kuita chisarudzo, uye [[FLT]] kubvisa utsotsi hunova mamiriro ezvinhu akadzika anoparira utsotsi. Vakuru vakuru vanokurudzirwa kupinda mutsoka, kupinda misangano yomunharaunda, uye kubatira pamwe navagari vemo kuti vazive zvinokosha zvomunzvimbomo. Uku kuvimbwa, uko kunosimudzira kuva nechivimbo, uko kunosimudzira mufungo wokuti vagari vemo vachashuma utsotsi, nenzvero, uye kubatanidzwa munhamburiko dzoutsotsi.

Uchapupu Hwokuti Zvinobudirira

Chikamu chechiratidzo chetsika chakaitwa ne National Institute of Justice chakawana kuti poroparo yenzanga inogona kuderedza rutyo rwoutsotsi, kuvandudza gutsikano yavagari vemo, uye mwero youtsotsi yakaderera nenzira yokuzvininipisa (panokamukana apo yakabatanidzwa nokutevedzerwa kwechiteshi. Somuenzaniso, Chicago Alternative Policision Strategyment (CAPS) yakatangwa muma 1990 yakatungamirira kukuderera kukuru muutsotsi hwamasimba masimba mumaruwa omumaruwa endege. Nenzira yakafanana, zvirongwa zvenzanga yeNewark, zvakafunda mumashoko akapoteredza ye [[FLT:] Bhureau yeMitemo yeMitemo yemitemo yeChirevoriti yeChiregirongeriti yeChire.[FLT][FF:3], yakaratidza kumwero yakajeka nokuda kwemvo dzamasimba masimba munzanga dzakasimba zvikuru.

Kukunda Zvinetso

Pasinei zvapo nebetsero dzawo, mapurisa enzanga anotarisana nezvipingamupinyi. Kudzivisa kwemadhipatimendi emapurisa akarovedzana ne “varongi” vegamuchidzanwa, mari shoma nokuda kwokuwana nzanga, uye kuoma kwokuyera migumisiro isingachinjiki sechivimbo zvinogona kukanganisa nhamburiko. Mamaneja eguta anofanira kuchengetedza tsigiro yezvamatongerwe enyika nezvemari, kugovera rovedzo inopfuurira, uye kuparira miitiro inotsiva iyo yose iri mitoo nemigumisiro. Pasina mutungamiriri anodiwa, mapurisa anogona kuva njodzi yokushanda kwenzanga panzvimbo pokuchinja chaiko.

Zvakatipoteredza uye Kuronga Mumaguta: Kudzivirira Utsotsi Kupfurikidza Nemhoteredzo Design (CPED)

Mamaneja eguta, anotarisira kuronga uye madhipatimendi emabasa avose, anogona kushandisa zvakananga CPUFD kupfurikidza nemitemo yokuronga, mapurani epapaki, magetsi omumugwagwa, uye purogiramu dzokutarisira zvivako.

Unyanzvi Hwemakoko

Kuongorora kwetsika kunobatanidza kugadzira nzvimbo kuti vapari vemhosva vanzwe kuti vari kutarisirwa. Ikoku kunogona kuitwa nokuisa mafafitera anotarisa migwagwa, kuchekenura magwenya anodzivisa kuona, uye kuvimbisa chiedza chakakwana munzvimbo dzavose. [[FLT:] [FLT]] muganhu weTYUPAURO] unoshandisa zviratidzo zvemuviri zvakadai sefekitari, sig, uye mafault //tooseaidzoro adzora . [FLT:] [FLT]] rondedzero yemite yemifungo inodzorongedzeka [[FLT] mishato] mishato mishato mirendo, inoita kuti ipinde nokupukunyuka. [Foctive]

Zvirongwa Zvenyika Chaizvo

MuNew York City, chiratidzo chezvirongwa zvedzimba dzavose zvine chiedza chakavandudzwa, masuo akachengeteka, uye nzvimbo dzinogarwa dzakagovera kuderera kwe 30% muutsotsi hwamasimba masimba mune mamwe mabasa, mukuwirirana ne muIntermorations fundo[[. Nenzira yakafanana, “purogiramu yeLiverpool ye“ purogiramu yezvirongwa zvemazambiringa” / dhair akachengeteka magedhi a shure kwemakwarabhuroka edzimba /dzino dzinotsemuka nokukwira kusvika 50% munzvimbo dzakaitirwa. Mamanejarabhu eguta anogonawo kunzvera nzvimbo dzegiriki; kunzvera kubva kuYunivhesiti yePennsylvania akawana kuti nzvimbo dzegiriki dzegiriki yainga yakabatana nokudonhesa kwepfuti huru mukurwisa pfuti nokuparadza zvinhu muPhiladelfia.

Kupinzwa Mukuronga Muguta

Kuwedzera tapuro, CPUD inofanira kuiswa pakuvamba mumuitiro wokuronga panzvimbo pokugadziridzwa pashure pokunge zvinetso zvoutsotsi zvabuda. Mamaneja eguta anogona kutanga dare rehwirudzuro reCPUD iro rinobatanidza mapurisa, varongedzeri, vagadziri, uye vamiriri venzanga. ICMA (International City/Collegey Management Association) inopa nhungamiro nerovedzo nokuda kwavatungamiriri veparatinanisiti kuti vashandise unyanzvi uhwu. Mukuwedzera, vachishandisa mashoko pamusoro po “matsotsirororo, mabhinyi" anogona kubetsera nzvimbo dzinogamuchira kupindira kwokutanga, kuvimbisa kushandiswa kwakakwana kwemari yakaganhurirwa.

Kuongorora Kunoita Mashoko: Kubudirira, Kubudirira, uye Kudeya Kutaurwa

Kukwira kwemashoko kwakashandura kuderera kwemiitiro youtsotsi kubva kusayenzi inoita kuti irambe iripo. Purofesa weDziyo-dhivheni anoshandisa nhamba dzoutsotsi, gadziriro dzemashoko enzvimbo yapasi (GIS), uye maarusaiti emitemo anodeya kutaura kuti audze zvinhu nenzira inobudirira zvikuru. Mamaneja eguta anogona kutsigira unyanzvi idzi nepfuma dzemari, kutsigira kugoverana mashoko ezvedzidzo dzakadzikamiswa, uye kuvimbisa kuti kunzvera ikoko kunozivisa chisarudzo.

Kubata Nokubata Muviri Kwakaipa

Dare rePhosa reNew York CompStat system , ia data-driven inoita kuti utsotsi huendere mberi munguva chaiyoiyo uye inova nevakuru vakuru venzvimbo inozvidavirira "/] yakava muenzaniso wenyika yose. CompStat yakatungamirira kukuderera kunoshamisa muutsotsi muma 1990 ne 2000, kunyange zvazvo vatsoropodzi vanocherekedza kuti yakakurudzirawo kukurudzira kudzikamiswa kwoukama hwenzanga hune tsinga. Kusvika kwakawanda kunonetsa, [[FLT: 0] nzvimbo dzinova nohurorowo , inonangidzira mitengwa panzvimbo duku umo utsotsi hunowanzoitika.

Tsika Dzokudeya Kutaurwa uye Tsika Dzemitemo

Politiki inofanotaurwa inoshandisa mashoko enhau nemuchina kudzidza kufanoziva kuti mhosva dzichaitika kupi uye kuti ndedzipi. Kunyange zvazvo ichivimbisa, izvi zvinowedzera kunetseka pamusoro porusaruro, kuva woga, uye bviro yokusimbisa nzira dzepoto yezviito. Mamaneja eguta anofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti mifananidzo inoonekwa zvakajeka, inoongororwa nguva dzose nokuda kweruramisiro, uye inoshandiswa sechishandiso chimwe pakati pavakawanda. Somuenzaniso, purogiramu yeLos Angeles Police Departles yePreProol yakatarisana nokuongororwa pashure pokunge yafurwa kwazvidzidzo zvakairatidza kuti yavesaidiwa nenhurikidzwa. Mumhinduro, maguta akawanda akagamuchira mapurisa [[FLT:][FLG]][FLD1]]

Kuvaka Dzidzo Yemashoko

Kushandisa mapurisa ezvokuisa mashoko kunoda zvinopfuura purogiramu yekombiyuta. Mamaneja emaguta anofanira kuisa mari muzvikamu zvinobatanidza mapepa emapurisa nemashoko anobva kuutano hwevoruzhinji, dzimba, uye mabasa enzanga. Ikoku kunobvumira kusvika kwe kwehurumende [ uko vaongorori vanogona kuzivisa migariro iri pasi poruzhinji] yakadai sezvivakiso zvisina chinhu kana kuti kushaikwa kwemasangano epwere. Urban Institute inogovera mibato pamusoro pokuti kuti maidikanwa anogona sei kuremekedza kwezva pachivande apo anenge achisimudzira chengeteko yapachena.

Purogiramu Dzenzanga Nekubudirira Kwezveupfumi: Kugadzirisa Zvinokonzera

Hapana uwandu hwemapurisa kana kuti kugadziriswa kwemhoteredzo hunogona kupedza zvizere utsotsi kana vatyairi venzanga vane mamiriro ezvinhu ezvemari ($_urombo, kushayikwa kwemabasa, kushayikwa kwedzidzo, chirwere chendangariro, kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwezvinodhaka (kuramba kusina mitoro). Mamaneja emaguta anogona kushandisa mabasa akazara kuti atange mikana netsigiro zvinoderedza sundo nokupererwa nezano izvo zvinotungamirira kumufambiro woutsotsi.

Kupindira Kwokutanga Nezvirongwa Zvepwere

Kunzvera vana navechiduku ndiimwe yemitoo inoparira mutengo zvikurusa yokudzivirira utsotsi panguva refu. Programu dzakafanana nemibato yapashure pechikoro, kuraidza, uye mabasa omuzhizha dzakaratidzwa kuderedza kusungwa kwepwere uye kutadza kwavakuru gare gare. National Crime Prevention Council inosimbisa budiriro ye “purogiramu yeOctive”, iyo yakagovera zviuru zvepwere dzebasa rinobhadharwa uye yakaona 23% yamasimba masimba epwere mukati nhambo yepurogiramu. Mamanejarati eguta anogona kuisa mari nokuda kwezviito zvakadaro uye mubiyayo asingapindutsi kuti ashambadzirirwe.

Kuvhiringidzwa Kwechisimba uye Mavara Anoita Vanhu Vose

Kurangarira masimba masimba sehosha inotapukira kwakatungamirira kugadziriro itsva dzakadai seCurive Violence (pakutanga Chicago’s LettpFire). Zvirongwa izvi zvinoshandisa “vadzongonyedzi vemhirizhonga ," kazhinji kazhinji vaipara mhosva dzenzanga, vaichimboparadzirwa, vaibatanidza vanhu vane mirauriro yakakwirira yemagariro, uye kuchinja tsika dzenzanga pakutsiva. Kuongorora kwakaratidza kuderera kukuru mukupfura nokuuraya mumaguta akaita seNew York, Baltimore, neSan Francisco. Mamanejara eguta anogona kutsigira purogiramu idzi purogiramu kupfurikidza nokugovera mari inochengeteka yakakwirira, uye kuvabatanidza nezvirongwa zvakakura zvikuru zvekotseka.

Kubudirira Kwemari uye Kugadzikana Kwedzimba

Utsotsi hunowedzera munzvimbo dzenjodzi huru. Zvirongwa zvokurovedza basa, tsigiro duku yebhizimisi, uye zvirongwa zvedzimba dzinodhura zvinogona kudzikamisa ndokuderedza utsotsi. Nzvero inobudiswa mu Journal of Research muCrime and Delinquisement[ yakawana kuti kumwe kuwedzera kumwe nokuwedzera kwemikana 10% yebasa romunzvimbomo kwakabatanidzwa nokuderera kwe 7% kwemabhizimisi. Nenzira yakafanana, kugovera dzimba dzinobetsera mhuri kutama dzichibva munharaunda dzakakwirira kunzvimbo dzinofurira kunzvimbo dzakaderera zvikuru dzakabatanidzwa kuderedza kusungwa pakati pavana. Mamaneja eguta anogona kubvumira mitero yomunzvimbomo, zvikarakadzo zvemitero zvomunzvimbomo kusimudzira mukana wemari apo utsotsi hunoparira utsotsi.

Zvinetso Zvokushanda Nokutarisira

Pasinei zvapo negadziriro dzakawanda dzinopiwa uchapupu dzinowanika, vanamazvikokota vemaguta vanotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvakaoma mukuderedza utsotsi hwomumaguta.

Kuoma Kwemaidi Nedzvinyiriro Dzezvamatongerwe Enyika

Maguta akawanda anoshanda nemari inodzorwa zvikuru, uye nhamburiko dzokuderedza utsotsi kazhinji kazhinji dzinokwikwidzana nezvimwe zvinodikanwa zvinokosha zvakadai segadziriro, dzidzo, uye tarisiro youtano. Meya kana kuti dare ringaraira miuyo inokurumidza, kuchitungamirira kugadziriro pfupi (muchirevo, kumanikidza kukuru) panzvimbo pokuisa mari inochengetwa kwenguva refu mugadziriro dzenzanga. Mamaneja eguta anogona kubetsera kupfurikidza nokukudziridza kunzvera kwakajeka kwendyiko pakudzivirira mari inoiswa muburitsa, kuisa zvitengo, uye mabasa anyajambwa pasi pomutsetse. Masangano okuvaka navakuru vebhizimisi, vasingapinduri, uye mapoka enzanga anogonawo kuwedzera kubhadhara mari.

Kusavimbana Kwenzanga uye Misiyano Yokusaruramisira

Mumaguta akawanda, zvikurukuru avo vane nhau dzoutsinye hwamapurisa kana kuti dzinza rinosavimba, kusavimbana kukuru kunosekesa batira pamwe. Kusvika kwenzanga nemashoko kungakundikana kana vagari vemo vakazviona sezvinonzverwa panzvimbo pokubatira pamwe. Mamaneja eguta anofanira kuisa ruramisiro yetsika [ [[FLT]]] [] [8] kutsoropodza kuti mutemo ureverwe zvakanaka, noruremekedzo, uye nenzira inojekesera. Ikoku kungabatanidza mabhodhi echiuto, kunzvera kwakasununguka kwetsika, uye nzanga yenguva dzose apo vagari vanogona kutaura vasingatyi kutsiva.

Nzira Dzokupedza Nadzo Matsotsi

Matsotsi anochinja mashandiro avanoita zvinhu matsva. Makambani eguta paanoisa makamera uye kushandisa zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinopesana nezvinenge zvichiitika, vapari vemhosva vangachinja vachitora nzvimbo dzinoongororwa zvishoma kana kuti kushandisa nzira itsva (sezvingareva kuti, umbavha hwepaIndaneti kana kuti kubirwa muzvitoro). Mamaneja eguta anofanira kuramba achiedza, kuramba achivandudza mazita avo, vakuru vakuru vakuru vokurovedza, uye kubudisa mashoko kubva kuvashandisi venzvimbo yebasa uye vanhu vomunzanga. Nzira yakabatana iyi ikundikana.

Kusasarura Nemigumisiro Yakarongerwa

Kudzikamisa kwamasimba masimba kunogona kuva nemiuyo isingaenzaniswi panzanga dzakaderedzwa, kuchitungamirira kumwero wakakwirira wokusunga, kubviswa kwechikoro, uye miuyo inowirirana iyo inopfuuridzira nhevedzano dzourombo noutsotsi. Mamaneja eguta anofanira kunzvera nokusatsamiswa kwemipimo yose youtsotsi, achibvunza kuti ndiani anobetsera uye anotakura ndyiko. Mazano akafanana ne “ chivako chepfuma yemasangano anodiwa navose. [icho kuvandudza zvoupfumi zvakananga kuva nenzvimbo yavagari vemo nemabasa zvinovimbisa kuti chengetekotseka.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Ruzivo Rwokutama, Munzanga, uye Muitiro Wekutama

Kutarira mberi, gadziriro dzinovimbisa zvikurusa dzokuderedza utsotsi hwomumaguta dzinobatanidza kubatanidzwa kwakadzama kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, simba renzanga, uye kubatira pamwe kweboka. Mamaneja emaguta anokwanisa kuita kuti kuchinja uku kuitwe.

Zvigadzirwa Zveguta Zvakacheneruka Nemashoko Enguva Chaiyo

Kufambira mberi mumichina inofambisa mashoko, ungwaru chaihwoihwo, uye nzvimbo dzeutsotsi hwenguva chaiyoiyo zvinobvumira kuita chiito nokukurumidza uye kupindira kwakananga. Somuenzaniso, gadziriro dzokuwana pfuti dzakadai seShotSpotter dzinogona kusvinudza mapurisa mumasekondi, zvichitungamirira kukuunganidzwa kwoufakazi nokukurumidza uye bvunzurudzo. Zvisinei, ruzivo urwu rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runofanira kuiswa nemitemo yakajeka pakuchengetedzwa kwemashoko, kuwanwa kwavose, uye kutarisirwa kudzivisa basa rinodzoreka. Mamanejaja eguta anogona kutanga masangano ezvokudzora masangano anodzora maruramiro evagari vemo nenyanzvi dzezvoruzivo rwemiitiro yemiitiro yezvigadzirwa zvavanhu kubvira pakutanga.

Kutanga Kwechengeteko Yakachengetwa Nemagariro Evanhu

Nenzira inowedzera, maguta ari kuchinja mitoro yekotsekano yavose kubva kumapurisa kuenda kuvapinduri vasina zvombo vapamhidzi vendangariro, vatsigiri vemiitiro yemotokari, kana kuti vakwanyina. Purogiramu dzakadai seCHAHOTS muenzanisiro muEugene, Oregon, anotumira vashandi vezvoutano panzvimbo pamapurisa kurunhare rusina masimba masimba rwa911, achideredza kusungwa namapurisa anosunungura kuisa ngwariro pautsotsi hwamasimba masimba. Mamanejara eguta anogona kunzvera mapurogiramu akadaro, kuyera simba rawo zvakasimba, uye enzanisa zvinoshanda. Vatera Institute of Justice anopa zvishandiso zvezvishandiso zvechipo zvekushandisa zviito zvapato.

Kuchinja Kunoita Muvakidzani Kunotambudza

Kupindira kwemabiko kazhinji kazhinji kunokundikana kuita chinjo inogarisa. Maguta anobudirira zvikurusa anoita mutoo unoshanda uyo unoisa mibatanidzwa mapurisa enzanga, kuvandudzika kwemhoteredzo, mabasa enzanga, uye kukura kwezvemari munzvimbo imwe cheteyo dzepamusoro. Iyi “nzira inosimudzirwa”, inoratidzirwa ne Place-sed Minities [[ inotsigirwa neUrban Institute, inoda musengwariro unopfuurira kwamakore. Mamanejara eguta anogona kushanda savakicherekedzo dzakakwirira, kuunza pamwe chete dzimba, utano, dzidzo, uye madhipatikiti eko apamutemo kurongedzerowa nokuko.

Mugumo: Nezvemaguta Akachengeteka Zvikuru, Ane Tsika Dzakarerekera

Kuderedza utsotsi hwomumaguta hachisi chinhu chiri nyore chaicho chinoda kuedza, kugadziridza, uye kuda kukurukura chokwadi chisina kunaka pamusoro pekusaenzana nokukundikana kwegadziriro. Ufakazi hwakajeka kuti hapana nzira imwe chete inoshanda yoga; maneja eguta anobudirira zvikurusa vachava avo vanobatanidza mapurisa enzanga negadziriro yemhoteredzo yakaisvonaka, mashoko anoshandiswa kururama negadziriro yenzanga, uye kudzivirira nokudzivirira. Kupfurikidza nokuvaka chivimbo, kuumba, uye kuita kuti zvinhu zvive zvamazvo, vanamamanejara eguta vanogona kuparira mhoteredzo umo kusati kuri bedzi kusavapo kwoutsotsi asi kuvapo kwebanza, coshion, uye ruramisiro. Chinetso hachisi chikuru, asi ndicho chinhu chinogona kugadziridza nguva refu apo utungamiriri, ufakazi, uye nzanga.