Kuwirirana kwegadziriro dzezvemari dzekubudirira kwepasi pose uye dzesimba rinochengetedzwa kunomirira denho inoshamisa yezana remakore rechi21. Yamuro yokune dzimwe nyika, inobatanidza betsero yokubudirira kwehurumende (ODA) uye mari yemamiriro okunze anobvumira, inoshanda sechinhu chinogadziridza zvinhu zvinogadzirwa mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi muNyika yose. Nepo nhau yezvoupfumi yesimba rinomutsidzirwa inosimbisa gore negore, nyika dzichiri kubudirira dzinotarisana nendyiko inodzorwa necheteshi, pasi pokukura kwemitengo yemitengi, uye misiyano yezvo yezvokugadzirwa kwezvinhu izvo misika yapamhizha yoga yoga yoga isingagoni kupedza nokukurumidza. Yamubatanidzwa munyika yose inonangana nokukundikana kugadzirwa kwemari, kupfuurira nokupfuudzira kwemitengo, uye kutsigira gadziriro yemiitiro yemiitiro yedzimwe nyika dzinoshandiswa munyika yose.

Kukosha Kunoita Kuti Simba Ritangezve Kugadzirwa

Kuchinja kwesimba renyika yose hakusati kuri chinhu chinosungirwa bedzi asi mukanawo wekubudirira. Kumarudzi ari kubudirira, achisvetukira kukumutsidzira simba kunopa nzira yokudzivisa nayo gadziriro dzecarbon dzinoshandiswa nenzvimbo dzakabudirira idzo nyika dzakabudirira dzaivimba nadzo. yamuro yokumwe inoshanda senzira huru yokutsigira kukura uku, kuchiwiriranisa kukura kwemari nomutoro wemamiriro okunze.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze uye Zvinhu Zvinowanikwa Nevanhu Vose

Nyika dzichiri kubudirira kazhinji kazhinji dzinotapurwa zvikurusa nechinjo yemamiriro okunze asi dzine mano maduku okuderedza miuyo yadzo. Yamuro yokumwe nokuda kwezvinoshanda zvinomutsidzirwa segadziriro yamarudzi akabudirira, ane mutoro mukurusa wenhau nokuda kwokubudisa mhepo, kutsigira nzira yakaderera yokuvandudza yecarbon. Ikoku kunowirirana neChikamu 9 cheChibvumirano cheParis, chinoraira nyika dzakabudirira kugovera pfuma yemari kuti ibatsire nyika dziri kubudirira kubetsera. Ruyamuko rwokuwedzera ruva nesimba rinovakwazve namanyuko evhu, kuderedza kubudisa mhepo inopisa yepasi rose. Rutsigiro kubva ku FCCCC CC Crealgial placeal formation [FFLT:1] runovimbisa mari kuti idzokere kumabasa okushambadzira nokukwevera kwemite yenyika yose, kugadzira kwemitengo.

Kuwana Simba uye Zvinangwa Zvinobudirira

Vanhu vanenge 675 mamirioni munyika yose vanoshaiwa kukwanisa kuwana magetsi, vazhinji vavo vanogara muSub-Saharan Africa. Ruyamuro rwokunze rwaiitirwa zvigadzikiso zvinovandudzwa zvakanaka ne "zvikamu zviduku zvemikoto yapamusha uye zvinomira zvinomira zvinoda kufanana neaimondi imwe chete mupasi rose. Rupfuurei inzira inoshanda zvikurusa kukuwana Chinotsigiro 7 (Inhamba inowirirana neGevera rinoyera). Yakasiana newedzero yegamuchidzanwa yemitsetse, iyo iri inovaka dzimbahwe neinononoka kutumira, zvivako zvinovakwazve zvinoiswazve zvinogona kuiswa nokukurumidza munharaunda dziri kure. Ruramisi inobetsera inopfuudza fambiro mberi yapakuvamba nokuda kwechisiko, dzidzo, dzidzo, uye kutangwa kwemitengo yokupedzisira. [FF:0]

Kutsigira Kwemari Nokuzvimirira Kwesimba

Kutsamira pazvinocherwa zvinotengwa zvinotengwa zvinosiiwa kunoisa panzvimbo yemari iri kubudirira kumitengo yenyika inochinja uye kusagadzikana kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Kupfurikidza nokupfuya mari inoshandiswazve mudzimba zvakadai semichina inogadzirwa nezuva, mapaipi yemhepo, uye nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhepo, yamuro dzokunze dzinosimbisa magetsi enyika. Simba rinogadzirwa munzvimbo ino inosimudzwa rinoita kuti mari irambe iri pakati pemari yomunyika uye inoita kuti mari ive yezvokushandisa pakushanda uye kugadziridzwa kwemafashoni. Kubatsira kwedzimwe nyika kazhinji kazhinji kunoderedza mwero yokutanga yenzvimbo dzinogadzirwa dzomunzvimbomo, zvakadai seboka rezuva kana kuti kubatana kwemabhatiri, kusimudzira kukura kwemitengo refu yenzvimbo yemaindasitiri. Kushambadza mari dzepeta kunobvumira hurumende kudzosera mari dzemari dzemari kumabasa ezvoutano, dzidzo, uye kugadzirwa kwezvokugadzirwa kwemibato.

Michina Yeyamuro Yokumwe Nokuda Kwesimba Rinomutsidzirwa

Ruyamuro rwokumwe harusi rwokuchinja mari chete, runoshanda nemuzvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana zvezviridzwa, chimwe nechimwe chakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa mhinganidzo dzakati kuti dzokushandisazve simba.

Kubhadharwa Kwemari Nemari Yemari

Musimboti weyamuro yokumwe ikodzeresa. Mabhangi okubudirira kwakawanda (MDBs) kufanana neWorld Development Bank, uye African Development Bank, pamwe chete namasangano ezvokubetsera, zvinogovera zvikwereti pamitengo yezvibereko zvapasi nemari inopfuudzirwa. MaGrant anoshandiswa kufukidza betsero yezvokugadzira zvinhu, uye dziviriro dzenzanga. Iyi zvivako yemari inovakwa nemhaka yokuti dzimbahwe roga rinotamburira kubhadhara mari yakakwirira uye zvinofungwa kuva ngozi dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzezvirongwa zvikuru zvinomutsidzirazve mumisikanwa. Aidsting ideredza avhareji yemari inorema yedzimbahwe (WACC), kuita maro okuvandudza mune zvemari anogadzirwa nezvicherwa zvamanyuko. Pasi pezvikamu zvamapepa anenge anenge anenge anenge anenge anenge angovakwa nemhepo.

Kubatsira Mune Zveunyanzvi Nebasa Rokuvaka

Kushandiswa kwemichina inomirira hafu bedzi yechigadzikiso. Unyanzvi hwemibato, unyanzvi hwemarongedzero, uye kugadziridza ruzivo rwemarongerwo azvo zvinodikanwa nokuda kwebudiriro yenguva refu. Masangano ezvemari yokurovedza dzidzo yemari yeStudias of Stutterers (ToT), mapurogiramu edzidzo yedzidzo yemayunivhesiti, uye zvirongwa zvokushandisa zvinogadziridza. World Bank's Lener Sectator Management Againment Program ([FL:0]]ESMAP ) inogovera betsero yezvokushandisa unyanzvi hwenyika yose, inobetsera kugadzira mamepu yesimba anovandudza, kubatanidza simba rinochinja kuva mumitezo yenyika, uye mufambiro. Uku kuchinjwa kwezizivo kuti nyika dzinogara dzichiva neunyanzvi dzinoda kuita kuti dzishande unyanzvi kuti dzishande nokuwedzera simba radzorwa.

Kutsigira Kudzora uye Kutungamirira

Yamuro dzokunze dzinowanzosvika muchimiro chezvitsigiri zvemari zvinoiswa mukati memasangano ezvemari kana kuti mirau yesimba. Iyi tsigiro inobetsera kugadzira mitemo yesimba inodzokororwazve, kutanga zvokudya mumitemo, kugadzira mabhizimisi, uye kudzikamisa mipimo yemhoteredzo. Mbayiro yemhoteredzo yakatsiga neinojeka chinhu chimwe chinokosha zvikurusa kukwezva bhizimisi remari. Aid inobetsera kuumba iyi gadziriro kupfurikidza nokushandisa mari, hwirudzuruso dzapamutemo, uye kubvunza kwapa danda. Doner anobetsera hurumende mungozi dzinochinja kubva kuvafambisi vebasa kupfurikidza nokugovera chengetedzo dzaro dzaro kana kuti ganhuriro yengozi dzinodikanwa nokuda kwokuvanza mari mumitengo yakakwirira.

Kugadzirira Basa Nokubudirira

Chinokosha chebhotorockck kuiswazve kwesimba munyika dzichiri kubudirira kushaikwa kwezvirongwa zvinochengeteka. Masangano ebetsero anobhadhara nhano dzokutanga dzinotambudza dzebasa, kubatanidza kunzvera kwemhoteredzo, fundo dzekunzvera mhepo, kuongorora zvinyorwa zvevhu, uye mepu yekodzero dzepasi. Iyi "kugadzirira" rutivi rwakakwirira, uye vagadziri vezvokutengeserana havawanzoda kutora mari yendyiko yepamberi pemhoteredzo dzinodzorwa. Sacrence Project Facillaties (PFs) inotsigirwa navashandi vaparidzi vanobatsira mapaipi vanobva vatsvadhireji vakakura kuti vawane chikwereti chebhizimisi uye vatsigiriki vasa.

Fundo Dzokutambura Nefambiro Mberi Yoruwa

Munyika yose iri kubudirira, yamuro yokumwe yakagonesa gadziriro dzesimba dzinomutsidzirwa idzo dzakachinja upfumi hwomunharaunda uye kunaka kwoupenyu.

Sub-Shaharan Africa: Madhiriti maduku ezuva uye kushandiswa Kunobereka

Kushandiswa kwemari inotsigirwa zvikuru neWorld Bank, European Union, uye shamwari dzezvikwata zvinosanganisira United Kingdom neGermany, zvinoratidza simba rokuchinja reyamuro. Kubatsira kwezvounyanzvi kwabatsira kuvamba Kenya Sirten yePwere yapamberi, nepo zvichipa tsigiro kuvaka vagadziri vemomberi vezuva vanopfuura kumira mishomanene yesimba renyika. Lake Turkana Wind Power, purazi remhepo gurusa muAfrica, rakashandisa mubatanidzwa mukuru wemari inodzorwa kubva kuEuropean Povement Reficesment uye transfermentsting Bank kuendesa simba rakavimbika kumutsetse wenyika. Mutengo weimba wakachinja kupfuura ku "kushandisa simba resimba remari, kugadzira mabhizimisi, kugadzira mabhizimisi maduku, uye kugadzira upfumi hwomumaruwa, uye kugadzira upfumi hwomumaruwa.

South Asia: Kuongorora Zvirongwa Zvenyika Kuburikidza Nemari

Kukura nokukurumidza kweIndia kwemhepo uye kufambiswa nezuva kwakawedzerwa zvikuru nemiitiro yeyamuro yapakuvamba kubva kuGlobal Environment Facility nabiadaal vakwanyina vakafanana neGermany (GIZ). Kutsigira mari kwapakuvamba nokuda kweSolar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) kwakabetsera de-risk , kuchiigonesa kuva motokari yokutanga nokuda kwokutengesa purojeti yemibato yezuva parati yemari inofambiswa. MuBangladesh, Infraclacle Development Compativement Liced (IDCOL), inotsigirwa neWorld Bank Development Association (IDA), inofambirwa namagetsi eAsia pakugadzira ndarama. Chirongwa ichi chakasvika kuvanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 20 vaparerari vakapiwa mari inote-marambi yemari.

Asia yokuMaodzanyemba uye Pacific: Kugadzikana kwemvura yeGeoter

Indonesia nePhilippines zvine mutengo mukuru wenzvimbo inopisa yapasi, asi mutengo wakakwirira wechemberedzo unomirira mhinganidzo inokosha. Ruyamuro rwokunze kubva kuWorld Bank neGlobal Environment Facility dzakatsigira purogiramu dzengozi yokuongorora, dzichibetsera kubvumikisa nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa nokukwevera kutevedzerwa kwejecha rejiko. Munyika dzePacific Island, dzinotarisana nokutsamira kwemafuta okuwedzera nokupinda nokuderera kwemamiriro okunze, yamuro iri kutsigira kubatira micropumburu yamagetsi yezuva negadziriro dzokuvandudza magetsi. Zvirongwa izvi zvinokosha kuti pave nokuvandudza mamiriro okunze epasi pano uye kuchengetedza simba mudzimwe nzanga dzenyika dziri dzoga.

Matambudziko Nezvirongwa Zvemagetsi Zvinoshandiswa Neyamuro

Nepo simba reyamuro yokumwe pasimba rinomutsidzirwa rakakura, chikamu chacho hachina zvinetso zvacho.

Kutarisira Kunoshanda Kwenguva Refu

Mutoo wekundikano unozivikanwa navose mugadziriro dzesimba reyamuro i "nzou chena" basa, uko midziyo inoderera mukati mamakore mashomanene nemhaka yokushaikwa kwemari yokuchengeta kana kuti unyanzvi hwemichina. Gadziriro dzebetsero dzinofanira kugadzirwa negadziriro dzakasimba dzokugadzira, poketani dzomunzvimbomo nokuda kwezvimwe zvibvumirano zvebasa zvenguva refu nebhetiri, uye kurovedza vashandi kunopfuuridzirwa kuvambira pa "kubudirira" kunoda zvirongwa zvokugadzira mari yakakwana kufukidza ndyiko dzebasa panzvimbo yebasa ravo rose, kwete bedzi nhambo yokuvaka. Donors ari kuda zvikuru zvibvumirano zvebasa renguva refu neroteshinadzo dzinovakirwa kuti zvidzore ngozi iyi.

Kuronga Nezvinodiwa Nemagetsi Omunzvimbomo Negadziriro Dzokudzora

Gadziriro dzeyamuro dzapamusoro dzinogona dzimwe nguva kugadzira gadziriro dzisingawirirani nemitoo yokuda mari yomunzvimbomo, tsika, kana kuti gadziriro dzemichina yenyika yezvokushandisa zvinoshanda zvinoda kunzvera kukuru kwenzanga nokunzwisisa mibato yemari yomunzvimbomo. Kudzora kusina simba kunogona kutungamirira kukuyamura kubatwa nezvinocherwa zvepeturu kana kuti nehurumende inozengurira kukupa simba revoruzhinji kudzoreswazve. Aidhithwority pamusoro pokuva novujeka, kukwikwidza, uye kuzvimirira kunopesana kunofanira kuoma, asi kunofanira kudzoserwa nguva dzose nevanopa zvirongwa kuti zvivape simba ravo rokubudirira.

Kuyera Simba Rechokwadi uye Kuwedzera

Hakusi kukwanisa kurangarira mamegawatt akaiswa sechinhu chimwe chete chebudiriro. Kushanda kunofanira kuyerwa mumabasa akagadzirwa, kushandiswa kweparafini kubviswa, mari inogadzirwa namabhizimisi ane vakadzi, uye kuderedzwa mumhepo inoshatiswa mumba. Murangariro we "kuwedzera" unobvunza mubvunzo mukuru: Yamuro yacho yakaparira chaizvoizvo kuti basa iri riitwe, kana kuti yaizodai yaizopfuurira pasina tsigiro yomupi? Kuwedzera mumutengo unoderera nokukurumidza wemhoteredzo yezuva nemhepo kwakaoma zvikuru asi kunoramba kuri madikanwa nokuda kwokuzvidavirira kuvabhadharisirwa kwemibhadharo munyika dzinopa. Kunzvera kwokushingaira uye kujekeswa kwazvimiririrwa nemigumisiro yazvipo yemigumisiro zvinokosha nokuda kwokuchengeta chivimbo chavose mugadziriro dzokumwe nyika.

Kunaka Kwenguva Yemberi Kweyamuro Yokumwe Yesimba

Mukaha wemari wokumutsidzira simba munyika yose unoyerwa mumamiriyoni emadhora, kupfuura kukwanisa kwemabhajeti eODA etsika dzegamuchidzanwa.

Mari Yakaunganidzwa uye Kumanikidza Vanhu Muguta Revanhu

Nguva yemberi yeyamuro yokumwe munzvimbo yemagetsi iri mumari yakavhengana. Iyi nzira inoshandisa mari inobvumirwa kumikana yokuisa mari mumikana yokuisa mari yemari yakaderera, nokudaro ichikweva vabetseri vemari yesangano vakadai semari yomudyandigere nemari yepfuma yapamutemo kuva shopu dzinomutsidzira simba mumisika iri kubuda. Nokugovera dzimbahwe rokutanga, vapi vanogona kutora ngozi yokutanga, kuita kuti mari yakakwirira yemari ive inokwezva zvikuru kumari inova mungozi yapamhizha. Masangano eAid ari kugadzirawo zvishandiso zvokusimbisa nazvo zvinofukidza ngozi yezvamatongerwe enyika, ngozi yemari, uye kubvisa miuyo miganhuro mikuru yemari yemari yemunhu oga munyika dzichiri kubudirira.

Batira Pamwe neVapi veMipiro Mitsva yokuSouth - South

Muenzaniso wetsika weOECD uri kuwedzerwa nokukura kwebatira pamwe yeSouth-South. Nyika dzakadai seChina, India, uye United Arabhu Emirates dziri kugovera zvikwereti zvinokosha uye kupa nokuda kwezvirongwa zvesimba zvinomutsidzirwa muAfrica, Asia, uye Latin America. Hurumende yeChina neMugwagwa uri kubatanidzwa, somuenzaniso, dzachinja kubva pakuisa ngwariro pasimba remarasha ku kubatanidza mari yakawanda mukuisa mudenga, mhepo, uye mabasa emvura. Uku kuwedzera kwemipiro yemari kunopa nyika dzinogamuchira migove yakawanda asi kunounzawo denho dzine chokuita nemitemo yokudzora, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, uye kutsigira. Kubatanidza idzi nzizi dzemari dzakasiana - pamutemo kuchava mutengo mukuru nokuda kwenzanga yamarudzi ose mumakore gumi anouya.

Basa Remabhangi Anobudirira Zvizhinji (MDBs)

VaMDB vari kudzorera simba ravo mukupindura Chibvumirano cheParis. Vari kukurumidza kubva pakutsigira mari yokukwira nemafuta negasi uye vari kuisa mativi avo pasimba rakachena, kugadziridza, uye simba. MDB yemasangano aya, inomanikidzirwa nenyika dzose dziri mbiri dzinopa mari nedzinogamuchira, icharaira kufamba kwemari yepasi pose. Basa ravo mukugadza mipimo yezvoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, kugovera vimbiso dzechigadziko, uye kutakura Green Climate Fund (GF) kucharamba kuchikosha. MDBBs inoiswa munzvimbo inodzoserwa kumabasa maduku anopfuudzirwazve mumikwidziro makuru zvikuru ayo anokwezva vaveridzi vemari munyika yose, nenzira iyoyo vachidzosera mumukaka pakati pezvirongwa zvemari.

mhedziso

yamuro yokunze inoramba iri chishandiso chinokosha munhamburiko yenyika yose yokurwisa chinjo yemamiriro okunze nokubvisa urombo hwesimba. Nepo yakatarisana nemhindu dzapamutemo pamusoro pekubudirira, kuchengeteka, uye kurongeka nezvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo, kushandiswa kwakarongwa kwemari inobvumirwa, tsigiro yezvounyanzvi, uye kurukurirano yetsika kunowedzera nokukurumidza simba rinovakwazve munzvimbo idzo dzingasiiwa shure. Kunangidzirwa kunofanira kuchinjikira kuzvinhu zvakaisvonaka zvinoda kuva zvakaisvonaka, yamuro yakakwirira inoita kuti ive huru, kuva muridzi womunzvimbomo, uye pesvedzero yakakomba. Kuchinja ndiko basa renyika yose, uye yamuro yokumwe inobatira sebhiringi inowirirana nezvinodiwa namarudzi ari kukura. Kupfuurira kui kuvandudza mabasa azvinoitika uye kudzidza kubva muzvinoitika zvakapfuura, nzanga yose yomunyika yose inogona kusimbisa kuva inobetsera kufambira kubudirira kubudirira kwaro kwadzo mune zvemari, kufambira mberi kufambidzano yokushanda kwezve kwemari nokuda kwokufambisa mamiriro ezvokufambisa kutungamirira mamiriro ezvinhu zvemari.