Basa Reyamuro Yokumwe Mukukura Kwezvoutano Mumaruwa

Mibato yeyamuro yokumwe seinjini yakakomba nokuda kwegadziriro dzinofambira mberi dzezvoutano mumaruwa akaderera uye pakati penyika dzinosvika. Iyi mipiro yemari nemichina — yakabva kumasangano ehurumende (zvakadai seUSAID, DFID, uye GIZ), masangano akasiana------mbiru (se World Bank neWorld Health Organization), uye nheyo dzapachivande (kubatanidza Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation) — kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzinovakirwa namatunhu umo ndyiro dzavose dzoutano dzinoramba dziri pasi pe $10 (Z $4,00, uye upfumi hwokunze, zvinogona kureva musiano pakati pomusha usina kiriniki uye mumwe navashandi vezvoutano vanoshanda munzanga vakarovedzwa navashandi vezvoutano.

Mwero wetsigiro iyi wakakura. Mukuwirirana neSangano reEconomic Copéoperation and Development, betsero yehurumende yekubudirira nokuda kwoutano yakasvika ku $40 bhirioni gore negore mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, pamwero mukuru wakanangidzirwa kukusimbisa gadziriro dzokutarisira huru mumaruwa. Uku kubatanidzwa kwedzimbahwe nounyanzvi kunoparira mikana yokuvaka zvivako, vashandi vezvitima, uye kutanga gadziriro dzezvokutengeserana idzo kudai zvingadai zvisingawanikwi mari nokuda kwehurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzakashaikwa nemari.

Kuvandudzika Kwezvirongwa

Chimwe chemiuyo inooneka zvikurusa yeyamuro dzokunze kuvakwa nokuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzokugara. Mumaruwa SAharan Africa neSouth Asia, zvirongwa zvokuyamura zvakawanira mari zviuru zvenzvimbo huru dzoutano, misha yokusunungukira, uye makiriniki anotakurika. Kupfuura pakuvaka zvivako, zvirongwa zvinowanzovakwa zvezvirongwa zvenheyo dzemari — kuisa nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinovimbwa nemagetsi kuti pave nejekiseni rejekiseni, kuchera makomba emvura yakachena, uye kuvaka zvimbudzi kuti zvisvike mumipimo youtsanana. Somuenzaniso, World Bank’s International Development Association yakatsigira upfumi hwemitengo munyika dzakadai seEthiopia neBangladential, kuvaka magetsi emagetsi anovirira nokuvaka utsanana.

Masangano anopa rubatsiro dzimwe nguva anoisa mari mukunatsiridza migwagwa kana kuti anopa vashandi vezvoutano midhudhudhu nemabhasikoro kuti vasvike kumisha iri kure. MuNepal, chirongwa chakatsigirwa neAsian Development Bank chakagadzira mabhiriji aideredza nguva yokufamba kunzvimbo dzoutano nemaawa anoverengeka.

Tsika Dzokurapa Nezvokugadzira Zvinhu

yamuro yokunze inosimbisa mubatanidzwa wose wemishonga inokosha, nhomba, uye zvishandiso. Programs dzakadai seGlobal Fund to Frist AIDS, TB neMalaria zvinoparadzira mamirioni amambure omubhedha, mirimo inorwisa utachiona, uye nzvero kunzvimbo dzomumaruwa gore rimwe nerimwe. Aid inotsigirawo zvishandiso zvechikosoro zvechikosoro . zvokufambisa zvakaiswa mufiriji uye zvokuchengetera — izvo zvinokosha nokuda kwemishonga inofanira kuchengetwa padziya chakarurama. Munyika dzakafanana naMalawi, kuiswa kweslarn firiji kwakaderedzwa zvikuru mumakiriniki eGambity kwakader.

Kutamisirwa kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu ndechimwe chinhu. Nhanho dzinotsigirwa nemasangano anopa rubatsiro dzinobvumira vashandi vezvoutano vomumaruwa kuti vataure nenyanzvi dzezvoutano neserura kana kuti nesotellite. MuIndia, Arogya Setu purogiramu dzakawedzera mano okuongorora ari kure. Mari dzeAids dzinotengawo zvinhu zvinokosha zvakadai semichina yemichina yemichina yemichina yemichina yemichina yerabhoritari, uye magirabhurokota, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo dzomumaruwa dzigone kupa mabasa aiwanika kare muzvipatara zvomumaguta.

Kurovedza uye Kuvaka Muzinda

Zvirongwa zvomuviri zvoga hazvigoni kuvandudza miuyo youtano pasina vashandi vane unyanzvi. Ruyamuro rwokunze runotsaudzira zvinhu zvinokosha kurovedza vashandi vezvoutano vomunzanga, vanamukoti, vananyamukuta, uye nyanzvi dzerabhoritari. Programu dzinowanzobatanidza mambariro nokuda kwavadzidzi vokumaruwa vanozvipira kudzokera kunharaunda dzavo pashure pokupedza kupedza kufunda. African Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, inotsigirwa nehurumende dzakawanda dzinopa, inoita michina yokurovedza zvirwere zvevanzveri vanoshanda mumaruwa omumaruwa.

Kuisa pfungwa idenho inopfuurira. Kuisa nzvimbo dzomumaruwa kazhinji kazhinji kunoshaiwa dzimba, dzidzo yavana, uye mikana yebasa. Zvirongwa zveyamuro zvinokurukura ikoku kupfurikidza nokuvaka dzimba dzavashandi, kugovera mari dzinovakisa, uye kutanga dzidzo inopfuurira kupfurikidza nokudzidza daro. MuRwanda, batira pamwe pakati pehurumende neClinton Health Access Initive yakarovedza mazana avashandi vezvoutano vomunzanga mukutarisirwa kwakabatana kwechirwere chouhwana, nemwero yemitengo inopfuudzira kunopfuura 80% pashure pamakore mashanu. Kuvaka kwakadaro kunovimbisa kuti kuisa mari muzvitina nevhu zvakagara zviripo, kutarisira kwokukodzera kukuru kwechinjo.

Tapuro Dzakanaka Dzoyamuro Yokumwe Pautano Hwomumaruwa

Kana yasanogadzirwa, yamuro yokumwe inoita kuti vandudziko dzinodavirika muzviratidzo zvoutano nedzokuzvidzora. Miuyo inotevera inowanzonyorwa mukuyera mapurogiramu makurusasa 88:

  • Kufa kwavana naamai kwakabviswa: Aid́vjian nhimbe dzemushonga, kurovedza kubereka, uye tarisiro yekurumidziro zvakabetsera kuderera kwemwero inopfuvura na55 inofa mumaruwa. Somuenzaniso, pakati pa 2000 na2020, pasi pe55 vanofa munharaunda yeSaharan Africa yakaderedzerwa nehafu, kombamiro yakabatanidzwa zvakasimba nebetsero yakawedzerwa yebetsero youtano.
  • Kufukidzwa kwakapararira kwemutezo wokudzivirira hosha: Gavi, Vaccine Alliance — inotsigirwa nehurumende nenheyo zvinopa mari nehurumende dzinopa — kwakabetsera kusvika vana vanopfuura mamiriyoni 800 munzanga dzomumaruwa vane nhomba dzinodzivirira hosha dzakadai seporiyo, gwirikwiti, uye mabayo. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukuva pedyo nenzvimbo dzine poriyo.
  • Kunzvera hosha kuri nani nemhinduro yakapararira: Kuiswa kwemibatanidzwa yerabhoratory negadziriro dzokushuma zvinogonesa mativi outano okumaruwa kucherekedza kutanga kwekorera, Ebola, kana kuti gwirikwiti pakuvamba, kuchidzivisa kupararira kwakafara. Mukati medenda reCOVID 201619, yamuro yokumwe inotsigirwa mukuedza nokupfuudzwa kwenhomba munyika dzakawanda dziri kure.
  • Miitiro yemashoko outano yakasimbiswa: Vapi vemigove vanowanzotsigira marekodhi ezvokurapa emagetsi uye zvishandiso chaizvoizvo zvemikoto yemashoko. MuTanzania, gadziriro yeUSAID . yakabetsera maneja outano hweruwa kunyora zvinyorwa zvemishonga nevhoriyamu yomurwere, zvichitungamirira kukugoverwa kwamabasa anoshanda zvikuru.
  • Kuziva utano kwakawedzerwa: mitoo yekurukurirano nemufambiro zvinochinja kurukurirano, inotsigirwa namasangano anoyamura, yakasimudzira kugeza maoko, miitiro yevatano yakakotsekana, uye kupinda kwezvokunaya nokubereka. Mitambo yeredhiyo, mashoko eserura, uye kurukurirano dzenzanga — zvose zvinotsigirwa nemari yokunze — zvinosvika vanhu vane mwero yakaderera yokudzidza.

Idzi mhindu dzinoparira nhambo yakanaka: vana vane utano vanopinda chikoro nguva dzose zvikuru, vakuru vanochengeta basa, uye mhuri dzinochengeta mari iyo neimwe nzira ingarasikirwa nendyiko dzokurapa. World Bank inofungidzira kuti dora riri rose rinopinzwa muutano kupfurikidza neyamuro yokumwe rinopa pakati pe $2 ne $5 (Z $2) mumigumisiro yemari munguva refu.

Zvinetso Nokutsoropodza

Pasinei nokubudirira uku, rubatsiro rwokumwe rwokutarisira utano kumaruwa runotarisana nokutsoropodzwa uye matanda anoramba achishandiswa.

Kuvimba Nezviwanikwa Zvavasina Kuwana

Chavanonyanya kufunga ndechokuti kubatsira kunokonzera kutsamirana, uko hurumende dzemo dzinovimba nemari yokunze nokuda kwemari dzinoshandiswazve — mari inodzorwa, kutengeswa kwemishonga, kugadzirwa kwekiriniki — pasina kutanga manyuko anochengetedza emari yomumba. Kana vapi vachichinja zvinhu zvokutanga kana kuti kuderedza kutsigira mari, gadziriro dzoutano dzinogona kuderera. Somuenzaniso, apo Global Fund yakatarisana nemikaha yokutsigira mari muna 2011, dzimwe nyika dzinofanira kumisa kunyoresa kurapa kunodzivisa utachiona mumakiriniki omumaruwa kwemwedzi inoverengeka. Vatsoropote vanotaura kuti yamuro yacho inofanira kugadziridzwa kuti iende mberi zvishoma nezvishoma sezvo mutero womumba unowedzera.

Kukanganisa Zvinodiwa Zvomunzvimbomo

Vapi vedzimwe nyika pane dzimwe nguva vanoisa pakutanga kupindira kunoratidza zvavanoda mune zvematongerwe enyika kana kuti zvinoda utano panzvimbo pezvinodiwa chaizvo nenzanga dzomumaruwa. Zvirongwa zvakakwirira zvinonangidzirwa pahosha imwe (zvakadai seHIV kana kuti marariya) zvinogona kukanganisa kugoverwa kwezvirongwa zvemari, kutsausa vashandi nemigove kubva kutarisiro huru. MuUganda, nzvimbo dzoutano dzakabatana pane dzimwe nguva dzakava nemirimo inokosha apo inovakwa nemarariya nemhaka yokuti mari inopa mupirwa iri hosha inokwana 76969. Chirongwa chebasa rinoramba richingovakwa zvisina kukwana muzvirongwa zvakawanda, zvichitungamirira kuzvivako zvinovakwa asi zvichiiswa pasi pezviito nemhaka yokuti zvinoshairwa mabasa akakodzera etsika kana kuti maawa akakodzera okushanda.

Uori Nokutadza Kutarisira Zvinhu

Kufamba kukuru kweyamuro kunogona kukweva ushati, zvikurukuru mugadziriro dzine dzongedzo isina simba netarisiro. Mari dzinoratidzirwa nokuda kwokuvakwa kwekiriniki yomumaruwa dzingadirwa kupfurikidza nebvumirano dzinopfuudzwa kana kuti vashandi vezvipo. Nzvero ya2018 yakaitwa neWorld Health Organization yakawana kuti 30% yemigove yezvokurapa munyika dzakarasika kuba kana kuti kupera nemhaka yokudzorwa kwakashata. Masangano okuwana nenzira yakajeka uye kunzvera kwokuzvimirira — kazhinji kazhinji anodikanwa navapi — akaderedza asi haana kubvisa zvinetso izvi. Kugovera masangano ezvokurinda kwomunzvimbomo kunogona kuvandudza kuzvidavirira asi kunoda chivako chokuwedzera.

Kushaikwa Kwokuchengetedza uye Kuchengetedza Kwematemu Marefu

Zvirongwa zvakawanda zvezvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvematura zvemari zvinokundikana mumakore mashomanana nokuti hapana bhajeti iripo nokuda kwokugadziridzwa kunopfuurira. Kirobhu inovakwa nemari yokupa ingashaiwa mari yokutsiva muvhiyi akavhunika kana kugadzira denga rinodzuruka makore maviri gare gare. Kufundwa kwenzvimbo dzemvura dzomumaruwa munharaunda iri pasi pesaharan Africa — inova nenzvimbo yezvinodikanwa zvoutano — yakawanikwa kuti 30 ne40% yakanga isingashandisi pashure pemakore mashanu nemhaka yokushaiwa rovedzo yavapo uye kurovedza. Mapurogiramu eAid anowedzera kuwedzera mari yokuchengeta uye kurovedza kwomunzvimbomo mukati mechirongwa chegadziriro yebasa, asi muitiro uyu hausati wawanikwa kwose kwose.

Zvirongwa Zvokuita Kuti Kushanda Kwazvo Kuwedzere

Kuti vakurire idzi denho ndokuva nechokwadi chokuti yamuro yokumwe inoparira vandudziko dzinogara mugadziriro dzokutarisira utano dzomumaruwa, vanachiremba navagadziri vemiitiro vakatanga gadziriro dzakabvumikiswa.

Kuva Musha Wenzanga Nokutora Rutivi

Kubatanidza vatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo, matare outano, uye vashandisi vomunguva yemberi mukuronga nokutarisira kunowedzera kuva kunokosha nokuzvidavirira. Apo nzanga dzinopa nzvimbo, basa, kana kuti mibhadharo miduku, dzinokudziridza pfungwa yokuva voga inokurudzira kushandiswa kwakafanira nokugadziriswa. Democratic Republic of Congo’s “Health Zoons” kusvika, kuchitsigirwa nesangano rekubudirira reBelgium, vamiriri vatarisiri vetarisiro huru kumatare omunzvimbomo anoshanda pamwe chete nezvikwata zvemichina. Migumisiro yakaratidza mwero mikuru yemitengo nerongedzero iri nani mukuenzaniswa nemiitiro yemitengo.

Matambudziko Akaomarara uye Mamirire Ezvinhu Ari Kusvika

Panzvimbo pezvirongwa zvekushandisa zvoutano zvose, zvirongwa zvinobatsira zvinoshanda zvinoiswa paHIV, kubva pazvivako uye kugovera zvisungo kuzvinhu zvevanhu uye mari. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relation [PEPFAR] yakatanga kuisa pfungwa paHIV, asi yakazochinja kuti isimbise maraketari, magorobha, uye kurovedza utano mubhodi, zvichibatsira mamwe mapurogiramu outano. Kuchengetesa mari mumvura, utsanana, uye zvokudya zvinovaka nokuvaka zvivako zvinobatsira uye zvinoderedza mutoro wehosha.

Utachiona hweHurumende Yomunzvimbomo Hunosimbisa

Kuvaka mano ezviremera zvoutano zveruwa neruwa okuronga, kuronga mari, uye kuronga zviwanikwa kunokosha nokuda kwokuwana yamuro. Ikoku kunobatanidza rovedzo mukutarisirwa kwemari, kunzvera masvingo, uye mari. Gavi Full Country Suptions[ yakaratidza kuti nyika dzine gadziriro dzokudzora dzakasimba zvikuru dzomunzvimbomo dzinopfuurira kukura pashure pokutsigira mupi. Ectic act projectsss mumistry — panzvimbo pokushandisa mahofisi ebasa rinowirirana — inzira inozivikanwa navose yokufambisa unyanzvi hwokushandisa.

Longgrade Sherm Inochinja Michina

Kuwana mari itsva kunogona kuderedza kutsamira. Mienzaniso inobatanidza mari inowirirana, umo vapi vanowirirana nemigove yehurumende yomunzvimbomo nokuda kwoutano, uye kuita mari inotsigirwa, uko nzvimbo dzinogamuchira mari yokuwedzera yakavakirwa pamipimo yakaisvonaka nokushandiswa. World Bank’s Results highed Financing purogiramu [[FLD:1] muRwanda neBurundi zvinobetsera kuwedzera mwero yokubereka nokudzivirira nokupfuudza nokubatanidza miuyo yakasimbiswa. Mitemo yakadaro inoita kuti ibudirire uye kuzvipira kwomunzvimbomo.

Fundo Dzemhosva Muyamuro Inokuvadza

Mienzaniso miviri yakatanhamara inoratidzira zvose zviri zviviri bviro nefundo dzeyamuro dzokumwe nokuda kwegadziriro dzezvoutano dzomumaruwa.

PAPFAR muMaruwa eAfrica: Yatangwa muna 2003, PEPFAR yakatenga anopfuura mabhiriyoni $100 mupurogiramu dzeHIV/AIDS, yakawanda yayo mumakiriniki omumaruwa. Yakavaka kana kuti kuvandudza zviuru zvezvoutano, yakarovedza makumi ezviuru zvevashandi vezvoutano, uye yakatanga mibatanidzwa yemarabhurari yakatsigira kuongorora kweCHOVAID 7619. Pasinei zvapo nezvinofungwa pamusoro pemichina inosvika kurefurwa, kuyera kwechikwereti chePEPFAR nezvinosimbisa zvoutano zvose munyika dzakadai peKenya, Uganda, uye Zambia — mapurisa ekirebhurimi nerobhasi zvakavandudzwa kupfuura masangano eHIV.

Gavi’s Vaccine Paregoy in Reace Areares:[[FLT: 1] Gavi yakatsigira kukura kwemidziyo inotonhora, kugovera nhevedzano yemibatanidzwa, uye mabasa okupinda kuti zvisvike vana mu “kare . Munyika dzakafanana neMozambique neNepal, Gavi yakabetsera kuvamba maturusi maduku zvikuru anozivisa mwana ari wose anoda kudzivirira. 201 muBritish Medical Journal yakafungidzira kuti Gavigjor anotsigira nhombadzo dzinodzivisa rufu dzinopfuura 14 mamirioni munyika dzakaderera dzinowana makore gumi, nenharaunda dzokumaruwa dzinobata goverano yebetsero inopfupikisa.

mhedziso

Yamuro dzokunze dzinoramba dziri chishandiso chinokosha chokuvaka nokutsigira mitoo yezvoutano munharaunda dzomumaruwa umo pfuma yehurumende inoperevedza zvinodikanwa. Kuvambira pakuvaka makiriniki anoiswa magetsi ezuva kusvikira kurovedzo vanyamukuta vanoponesa upenyu hwavanamai, betsero yokunze ine miuyo yakavandudzwa nenzira inonatsiridza youtano nokusimba kwegadziriro. Bva denho dzekutsamira pamunhu, kukanganisa, uye kudikanwa kwokupfuurira. Purogiramu inobudirira zvikurusa inopfuurira kuvandudza nzanga, kuisa muubati ushe hwomunzvimbomo, uye rongedzero yechinjo yemirayiridzo ishoma napashoma napashoma kugadzirirwa kwoutano hwomumaruwa. Apo idzi nheyo dzinobatsira, pesvedzero pazvose pazvo kukurarirana kukurapa utano hwemaruwa inogona kuva zvose zviri zviviri.

Pakupedzisira, yamuro yokumwe haigoni kutsiva gadziriro yezvoutano yavose inosanosanosashandiswa. Asi mupakati — uye kazhinji kazhinji sechinhu chinotsigira nharidzano iyoyo imene — inogovera zviwanikwa, unyanzvi, uye simba zvinodikanwa kuunza ungwaru hwakafanira kuvagari venyika vari kuresa. Nokuda kwokuravazve miitiro yeyamuro inobudirira, ona mishumo inobva kuWorld Health Organization [FLT:] Health Systems Profemidance neFinacing uye [[FLT:] World Health, Controtion and Population Crection Crections[FFF].]