Kodzero yokuva woga inomira sechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvikurusa zvechiremera chavanhu nokuzvitonga. Munhambo umo mashoko ako omunhu oga anoyerera norusununguko achigura miganhu uye mikoto yemichina inoteverwa nenzira isingachinjiki, kunzwisisa kodzero dzako dzakavanzika hakusati kuri kungoda kuziva zvapamutemo asi chinodikanwa chinoshanda. Mano okudzora anozviziva pamusoro pako, kusarudza kuti mashoko ako omunhu oga anoshandiswa sei uye kuti anoshandiswa sei, uye kuti kusununguka pakupinda kusina kufanira muupenyu hwako hwomunhu oga kunorondedzera musiyano pakati porusununguko rwomunhu nookunze. Nyaya ino inzvedzadza mwero wekodzero dzavo dzakavanzika, midzi yavo yenhau, zvirongwa zvapamutemo zvinovadzivirira, tyisidziro dzinoparirwa noruzivo rwazvinogadzirwa zvazvino uno, uye matanho anokwanisa kudzivirira upenyu hwako nhasi.

Kunzwisisa Kodzero Dzokuva Woga

Kodzero dzakavanzika dzinobatanidza nheyo dzapamutemo nedzetsika dzinopa vanhu chiremera pamashoko avo omunhu oga uye dzinovadzivirira padzosero isingadiwi. Nepo pfungwa huru inoratidzika kuva yakananga, kushandisirwa kunosiyana zvikuru zvichitsamira pasimba, rudzi rwamashoko, uye mashoko akapoteredza. Chaizvoizvo, kodzero dzakavanzika dzinokupa mano okuchengeta mativi akati oupenyu hwako nerokukurukurirana kwako, mashoko ako, muviri wako, zvisarudzo zvako, uye zvinosasvikwa navatambi vemitambo, zvingava masangano, hurumende, kana kuti vamwe vanhu.

Vazivi vezveuzivi hwezvakavanzika vanobva papfungwa yokuti munhu mumwe nomumwe ane upenyu hwaanofanira kunge achiziva kuita zvinhu uye kufunga asina kuongorora zviri kunze.

Kushanduka Kwomutemo Wokuva Woga

Kuvanza sepfungwa yapamutemo yakasiana kwakamuka munguva pfupi yapfuura. Muzana ramakore rechi19, kuva woga kwakanga kwakabatanidzwa zvikuru nomutemo wezvinhu: musha womunhu wakanga uri nhare yavo, uye kudarika kwakanga kuri mushonga mukuru wapamutemo wokupinda. Asi sezvo kudhinda nokubudisa mashoko akawandisa kwakakudziridzwa, tyisidziro itsva kumukurumbira womunhu oga nokuva woga. Muna 1890, Samuel D.Warren naLouis D. Brandeis vakabudisa nhau yavo yehwirudzuro yomutemo, [[FLT:]] Kodzero kukuva wogaro, vachipikisa kuti mutemo wavose unofanira kuziva maruramiro okuzvimirira kuva woga. Nyaya iyi inorangarirwa zvikuru kuva chinhu chinokosha chomutemo wazvino unoga muUnited States.

Muzana remakore rechi20 rose, kodzero dzemunhu oga dzakawedzera zvinoshamisa. Dare repamusorosoro reUnited States rakabvuma kodzero yebumbiro remitemo yokuva voga munhau dzine chokuita nokuzvitonga kwevana, ukama hwemhuri, uye zvisarudzo zvomunhu oga. Munguva ino, dzimwe nyika dzakavamba kuronga kudzivirira vanhu pachivande mumitemo nemiraudzo. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 12) neEuropean Convention on Human Rights (Article 8) zvose zviri zviviri zvinovimbisa pachena kuva voga. Nhasi, kuva wogaro kunobvumwa sekodzero yomunhu inokosha neUnited Nations.

  • 190: Warren naBrandeis vanobudisira [ Kodzero yokuva woga, vachiitirana nharo nokuda kwedziviriro yapamutemo pazivikanywa isina kufanira nesundo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Mhaka yeDare rapamusoro reU.S. [[FT:2] Griswold v.Connecticut inosimbisa kodzero yebumbiro remitemo yokuva woga mukudzivirira roorano.
  • :[ Roe v. Wade inotambanudza maruramiro echivande kubatanidza chisarudzo chomukadzi chokubvisa pamuviri.
  • 1999: The European Union inogamuchira Tech Development Directive, inotangira GDPR.
  • 2018:[ The General Data Protection Regation (GDPR) inotanga kushanda, ichigadza mupimo mutsva wenyika yose nokuda kwedziviriro yemashoko.

Marudzi Ekodzero Dzemunhu Asina Kuvimbwa Naye

Nyanzvi dzemitemo dzinowanzobatanidza zvinhu zvepachivande mumapoka mana akasiyana, chimwe nechimwe chichitaura zvakasiyana - siyana zvoupenyu hwomunhu.

Kuva Woga

Kuva woga kunodzivirira muviri wako pakutsvaka kusingadikanwi, kuongorora, uye kupindira. Izvi zvinosanganisira kodzero yokuramba kurapwa, kodzero yokusununguka pakusangana kwomuviri, uye kodzero yokuva nomuviri wakatendeseka. Kuva woga kunosanganisirawo kuchengeteka kwomusha wako uye zvaunoita iwe pachako. Somuenzaniso, Constitution yeChina inodzivirira pakutsvaka kusina musoro uye kubatwa nepfari, ichida kuti mutemo ubvumirwe kuwana pamutemo unobva pachinhu chinobvira usati wapinda mumusha wako.

Kuziva Zvausingazivi

Kuva woga kwemashoko kunokupa simba pamashoko ako: zita rako, kero, zvinyorwa zvemari, nhau yezvokurapa, nzira dzokutsvaka nadzo, uye zvakawanda. Iri boka razova nzvimbo inokakavadzana zvikuru yemutemo wezvakavanzika munguva yemichina. Kuva kwako woga kunodzora masangano anounganidza, anochengeta, mashandiro, uye anogoverana mashoko ako. Inobatanidza kodzero yokuziva mashoko ari kuunganidzwa, kodzero yokuwana mashoko iwayo, kodzero yokuita zvikanganiso zvakarurama, uye kodzero yokukumbira kuvigwa. Mitemo yakafanana neGDPR neScouserve Act yeCalifornia Act (CPA) inovakirwa pamitemo iyi.

Kuva Woga

Kusarudza woga kunodzivirira rusununguko rwako kuti uite zvisarudzo zvepedyo pasina kudzorwa nehurumende. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvisarudzo pamusoro peroorano, kubereka, kudzivisa kubereka, ukama hwemhuri, kurera mwana, uye kuguma kwokutarisira upenyu. Kuva woga ndiko kunobva zviitiko zvakawanda zvekodzero dzevanhu, uye kunoramba kuchichinja sezvo ruzivo rutsva rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runowedzera mibvunzo pamusoro pokuedza magene, mashoko okubereka, uye unyanzvi hwokubatsira kubereka.

Kukurukurirana Vari Voga

Kukurukurirana kwakavanzika kunodzivirira kuvanza runhare rwako, maemail, mashoko etsamba, uye zvimwe zvimiro zvetsamba. Mitemo yokutumira mashoko, mipimo yokunyora mashoko emashoko, uye kuvanza mashoko egweta nerakavanzika zvose zviri pasi peboka iri. MuU.S., Electronic Communications Confly Act (ECPA) naVeted Communication Act zvinogadza mitemo yehurumende yokuwana mashoko emagetsi. Kunze kweU.S., dziviriro dzakafanana dziripo mumadhigirii akasiyana- siyana.

Mabasa Epamutemo Okudzivirira Kuva Wega

Nyika dzakasiyana - siyana uye matunhu zvakashandisa nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzemitemo, kubvira pamitemo yezvikamu kusvika kumitemo yeambuzi.

United States: Chikamu Chisingadzorwi Chemitemo

United States haina mutemo mumwe wehurumende wekuvandika. Panzvimbo pezvo, kuva voga kunodzivirirwa kupfurikidza nemubatanidzwa wedudziro yebumbiro remitemo, mirau yehurumende, uye mirau yehurumende. Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. haridudzi maruramiro ezvokuva woga, asi Dare Rapamusoro rakaibvisa kubva pamimvuri yeFirst, Third, Wechitatu, Wechina, uye Ninth Demendimendimendimendimendimes dzinofukidza nzvimbo dzakananga: Inishuwaringine uye Accostation Act (HIPAA) inodzivirira rondedzero yezvokurapa, Jam-Liley Acts anodzora chigadziko chemari, uye vana vanodzorwa navana vadzoseromedzerwa panzvimbo dzamazitangwe.[3][5]

European Union: GDPR Standard

General Data Protection Regation (GDPR) inorangarirwa zvikuru semupimo wendarama nokuda kwokudzora kwokuva woga. Inoshanda kusangano ripi neripi rinoita mashoko avanhu vari muEU, pasinei zvapo nekwakavakirwa sangano. GDPR inopa vanhu rukudzo rwakasimba rwekodzero: kodzero yokuziviswa, kodzero yokuwana, kodzero yokuwanazve, kodzero yokuita kuti nguva ive yakajekeswa (chakarurama kukanganwika), kodzero yokuganhurira kugadzirwa kwemaidi, kodzero yechinhu, uye kodzero dzekuita chisarudzo. Kufamba kwemitengo kunogona kuguma ne 4% yekambani yegore negore. Kuwana mari yapamutemo. Mutengo uye nhungamiro inogona kuwanikwa pa [FL:]

Mamwe Mabhazi Anoyeverwa

  • Canada: The Personal Information Programmes Act (PIPEDA) Act inodzora kuti masangano eboka rakavanzika anobata sei mashoko omunhu oga.
  • [Brazil: The Lei Geral de Proteção de Fatos (LGPD) inosanoratidzira GDPR uye inoshanda kukambani ipi neipi inoita bhizimisi muBrazil.
  • [ yepaJapan: Act on the Protection of Personal Information (APPI) yakavandudzwa kuti iwirirane nemipimo yamarudzi ose.
  • Indiya: The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, yapfuudzwa muna 2023, inotanga gadziriro itsva yokudzivirira mashoko.

Kutapura Kweruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Pachivande

Ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu rwakachinja zvinhu zvakavanzika. Kare, kudzongonyedzwa kwemunhu oga kwaida kuva pedyo nepedyo; nhasi, foni imwe chete inogona kuongorora nzvimbo yako, kuongorora zvaunotaura, kunyora mametaneti outano hwako, uye kuronga zvose zvaunoda, tsika dzako, uye ukama hwako. Chiyero uye kuwanda kwemashoko aunoita hazvimboenzaniswi.

Kubudiswa Kwezvikwata Zvezvimbamudzani Nokubudiswa Kwezvigadzirwa

Murangariro waShoshana Zuboff wezvokuongorora chikampuriro chemari unorondedzera mufungo mutsva wezvemari umo makambani anobetserwa nokudeya kutaura nokuumba mufambiro wavanhu. Platforms dzakafanana naGoogle, Facebook (Mata), Amazon, uye TikTok anounganidza mavhoriyamu makurusa emashoko kubva kuvashandisi, kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza namabasa okutenga mashoko apachena. Iyi mashoko anoshandiswa kuparira mashoko ane udzame omunhu, ayo ipapo anotengeswa kuvashambadziridzi namamwe mapoka matatu. Muuyo igadziriro inounganidza mashoko akawanda zvikuru, kazhinji kazhinji pasina kubvumira kwoumbiso kune revo.

Indaneti Yezvinhu (Iot) Nezvishandiso Zvinochenjera

Zvishandiso zvapamusha zvinogadzirwa zvakanaka, motokari dzakabatanidzwa, uye vabetseri venzwi zvinowedzera kusvika kwemashoko anenge aunganidzwa munzvimbo dzakavanzika kare. Mukurukuri akachenjera anganyora zvikamu zvekurukurirano kunyange apo anenge asingateereri nokushingaira. Mukwaniridzi anorongedza mwoyo wako, mitoo yokurara, uye nzvimbo. Aya madhiragi anoita mihozho inoramba iripo yemashoko omunhu oga anogona kuva nyore kuputsa, kusvika kusina pamutemo, kana kuti zvikumbiro zvapamutemo zvinobva kumirairo yomutemo.

Basa Rehurumende

Hurumende kupota nyika inoshandisa ruzivo rwokunzvera nokuda kwezita rechengeteko yenyika, chengeteko yavose, kana kuti kudzivirira utsotsi. Gadziriro dzenzou, dzakadai sedzinoziviswa naEdward Snowden, dzakadzikatidza musiyano pakati penzvero yakaitirwa pamutemo. Mitemo yakadai seUSA PATRIOTTT ne Foreign Surveillance Act (FA) muUnited States inopa zviremera masimba akafara kupinza kurukurirano neMitemo.

Uchenjeri Hunogadzirwa uye Kuita Zvisarudzo Zvakagadzirwa Nounyanzvi

Gadziriro dzeAI dzinoita zvisarudzo zvinotapura vanhu nenzira inowedzera, kubva pakusimbisa chikwereti nokurovha kuruzivo rwezvoutano nokutongerwa utsotsi. Miitiro iyi inowanzotsamira pamichina mikuru ine tsvudziro kana kuti zvikanganiso. Zvinetso zvakavanzika zvinomuka nemhaka yokuti vanhu vangasaziva kuti imashokoi anoshandiswa, kuti anogadzirwa sei, kana kuti nzira yokukwikwikwidzana nayo chisarudzo chakarongwa nemotokari. GDPR inobatanidza gadziriro dzamaruramiro kutsananguro yezvisarudzo zvemotokari, asi kuchengetwa kunoramba kuri kwakaoma.

Kudzivirira Kuva Kwako Woga Munguva Yokusvika Pagore

Kunyange zvazvo mitemo ichidzivirira, vanhu vanofanirawo kutora matanho okuchengetedza zvinhu zvavo zvavasina kuzivikanwa.

Simbisa Zvirevo Zvako uye Shandisa Zvipupuriro Zvakawanda Zvinoitwa Nenyanzvi

Vavarira mashoko okuisa munzeve asina simba chisakiso chikuru chokuputsa madata. Shandisa manija weshoko rekuti remostal kugadzira nokuchengeta zvinhu zvakaoma, madis akasiyana - siyana eakaundi imwe neimwe. Ita kuti pave nechokwadi chemitengo yakawanda (MFA) painobvira, zvikurukuru paemail, bhangi, uye zvinobudisa nhau.

Gadziriro Dzokuhwirudzura Nokuva Woga

Chikuva chiri chose cheIndaneti chinopa gadziriro dzakavanzika, asi kazhinji kazhinji chinovigwa mumamepu uye chinopiwa zvisakafanira zviduku. Wana nguva yokuhwirudzura maapps pafoni yako, mapurogiramu ezvirongwa zvemabhurokwai, uye nhau dzesocial media. Chidzivisa kuronda nzvimbo nokuda kweapps dzisingazvidi, ganhurira purogiramu yako yomunhu oga, uye ganhurira ganhuriro dzinogona kuona maapus ako namashoko.

Dzikamisa Kugoverana Mumashoko

Usaisa mashoko akadai sekero yepamusha, nhamba yorunhare, kana kuti zvirongwa zvokufamba panzvimbo dzinoitirwa vanhu vose. Paunenge uchisaina kuti uendese basa idzva, pa mashoko anodiwa chete. Chimboona kuti unoshandisa kero dzemaemail kana nhamba dzefoni panzvimbo yausina kunyoresa.

Shandisa Kunyora Pamagwaro Nezvinorutsirwa

Kunyora pabonde kunovhura mashoko ako kuti pangogona bedzi kuva namapati anotenderwa kurava. Mitambo yakawanda yemashoko emisikanzwa, yakadai seSignal ne WhasSApp, inopa kunyorwa kwemashoko kwokupedzisira kuenda kumugumo. Shandisa chisokote chev(VPN) kuti uidze kuti inyenyengedze motokari dzako paIP pachishandiswa vanhu vose Wi-Fi, uye kuvanza kero yako yeIP kubva pawebsitesi uye vashambadzi. Sarudza chiteshi cheIP chinoremekedzwa chinochengetera matanda ebasa rako.

Verenga Ungwaru Hwevanhu Vari Voga (kana Kuti Shandisa Maturusi Okuzvirondedzera)

Mitemo yekuva woga yakareba uye inowanzonyorwa mumutauro wakawanda wepamutemo, asi ine mashoko anoramba pamusoro pokuti mashoko ako anoitwa sei. Masangano akaita seTosdr.org (Magweta Ebasa; Haaravi) anopeta pfungwa dzinokosha dzemitemo yezvikuva zvakakurumbira, zvichikubatsira kuita zvisarudzo usina kugona kuverenga peji iri yose.

Nguva Dzose Kujeka Kwedzidziso Nemashoko Anonyorwa

Cookie neruzivo rwakafanana rwokutsvaka zvinobvumira mawebsite kuyeuka basa rako. Dzika mabhisikiti ako panhambo nenhambo, kana kuti shandisa gadziriro dzechirango kuvhara mabhisikiti echitatu akasvinwa. Rangarira kushandisa zvirangidziro zvevavandika saFirefox nerakavhara rakaitwa, kana kuti Brave, zvinovhara kushambadza nokunyora zviteshi nokusagadzirwa.

Kuva Woga Kubasa

Miganhu yokuva woga inowanzova isinganzwisisiki mugadziriro dzenyanzvi. Vashandirwi vangaongorora kurukurirano dzevashandi, kushandisa makombiyuta, uye kunyange kuisa kuongorora mavhidhiyo kubasa. Mitemo inosiyana zvikuru, asi kazhinji kazhinji, vashandi havatarisiri kuva voga zvikuru pavanenge vachishandisa zvishandiso nekombiyuta zvinova vashandirwi.

Miitiro Yokuongorora Vashandirwi

Zvimiro zvinozivikanwa zvokuongorora zvinosanganisira kutema magiramu, kuongorora maemail, kunyora nguva, uye GPS pamotokari dzekambani kana kuti pafoni. Vashandi vangataura kuti kuongorora kuri madikanwa nokuda kwebasa, kuchengeteka, kana kuti kuzviisa pasi. Zvisinei, mabumbiro akawanda anoda vashandirwi kuzivisa vashandi kana vari kuongororwa. MuEuropean Union, GDPR inoisa migariro yorumano pakuongorora vashandi, inoda fariro newirirano. MuUnited States, ECPA inobvumira kuronga kana zvikavapo pamasangano ekambani, kunyange zvazvo mamwe masangano ane zvimwe ganhuriro.

Uya Nengozi Dzemagetsi Ako Umene (BOD)

Vashandi pavanoshandisa zvishandiso zvavo pachavo kubasa, musiyano uri pakati pemashoko emunhu oga neanodzidzira basa ungava nemiitiro inovabvumira kubvisa chishandiso chinenge charasika kana kuti chakanganiswa, zvingangobvisa mapikicha avo uye mashoko. Mitemo yeBHOD inofanira kurondedzera kuti mashoko api anofanira kutarisirwa uye kuti munhu oga anoremekedzwa sei.

Nguva Yemberi Yokuva Woga

Zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana zviri kuumba kodzero dzemunhu anenge achiva oga.

Masangano Okudzivirira Kudzivirira Kunoita Mashoko Munyika Yose

Nyika dzakawanda dziri kugamuchira mitemo yakakwana yakavanzika yakafuridzirwa neGDPR. United States pakupedzisira ingapfuudza mutemo wehurumende wakavanzika, nechikwereti chinoverengeka chiri kurangarirwa muCongress. American Datalief and Protection Act yaizotanga mupimo worudzi, inobvisa mitemo yehurumende seCCPA. Munguva ino, nyika dzakafanana neChina dzakaita kuti pave neUnical Information Protection Law (PIPL), iyo inoisa zvinodikanwa zvakasimba pavagadziri vemitezo yemitemo asi inopawo masimba makuru okunzvera.

Kushandisa Unyanzvi Hwokuzvimirira (PETS)

Ruzivo rwakadai sezvakavanzika zvakasiyana, kunyorwa kwemashoko echikwata, uye chinangwa chokudzidza zvakawedzerwa kuti zvibvumire kuongorora mashoko pasina kufumura mashoko mamwe. Madai naGoogle vakashandisa zvakavanzika zvakasiyana mune dzimwe nzira dzavo dzokubatanidza mashoko. Sezvo ruzivo urwu runokura, vangapa nzira dzokuwana nadzo nzwisiso kubva mumashoko asi vachichengetedza kusazivikanwa.

Kuva Woga

Kushandiswa kwokuziva chiso, zvikamu zveminwe, uye zvimwe zviziviso zvemichina zviri kukura mumativi ose ari maviri avose uye vanhu. Mamwe maguta nehurumende zvakarambidza kana kuti zvakaganhurirwa kushandiswa kwehurumende kwokuziva chiso nemhaka yefunganyo nerusununguko rwevagari vemo. Illinois Biometric Information Act (BIPA) muenzaniso wekudzorwa kungaitwa mashoko ezvinhu zvipenyu, kuda kubvumira kuzivikanwa uye kuganhura kutsa pfungwa.

Kuva Woga Nokuronga

Nheyo yokuva woga kupfurikidza negadziriro inoda kuti dziviriro dzakavanzika dzivakwe muzvigadzirwa namabasa kubvira pakutanga, panzvimbo pokuwedzerwa sechinhu chapashure pokufunga. GDPR inobatanidza kuva woga kupfurikidza negadziriro uye nezvinodikanwa zvapamutemo. Makambani anogamuchira mutoo uyu anogona kuderedza kuputsika kwemashoko, kuvaka chivimbo chavanhu, uye kudzivisa faindi inodhura.

mhedziso

Kodzero yako yokuva woga inhosho pakuvhozhokera kusina kufanira, chishandiso chokuzvidzora, uye hwaro hwokutora rutivi nedemokrasi. Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runopfuurira kufambira mberi uye mashoko achava anokosha zvikuru, hondo yokudzivirira kuva kwako woga ichawedzera. Kunzwisisa gadziriro dzapamutemo dzinokudzivirira, kuziva nzira idzo mashoko ako anounganidzwa uye anoshandiswa, uye kuita nhano dzinoshanda dzokuchengeta mashoko ako omunhu oga inhano yokutanga kukudzora. Gara wakangwarira, usingatongorerutsikidzi kukosha kwekuva kwako woga.