Munhambo yemitengo, maruramiro okuvandika akabuda seimwe yenhau dzinotambudza zvikurusa nokuda kwavanhu, mabhizimisi, uye hurumende zvakafanana. Second, zvitsama zvikuru zvemashoko omunhu oga (kuvambira pamiitiro yokutsvaka kusvikira kunzvimbo, kubvira kutevedzero yemari kusvikira kumiometics(anenge akaunganidzwa, akasanoongororwa, uye kazhinji kazhinji akanatswa. Mukuwirirana nefungidziro dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, avhareji yeInternet inobudisa maject emashoko 1. 1,577 pazuva, uye kusikwa kwemaidi yenyika yose kunoratidzwa kupfuura 180 zettabytes panosvika 2025. Uku kuwanda kwemashoko kwakaita kuti kunzwisiswa nokushandisa kodzero dzakavanzika dzisati dzingovawo zvapamutemo asi rutivi rukuru rwezvigaro zvomunhu oga nechengeteko. Kunyange zvakadaro, pasinei kukura vanhu vakawanda vanoramba vasingazivi kudzivirirwa navo kana kuti vawane dziviriro.

Kunzwisisa Kodzero Dzokuva Woga

Kodzero dzemunhu oga dzinozivikanwa sechikamu chiduku chekodzero dzevanhu chinodzivirira mano omunhu okudzora mashoko ake omunhu oga uye kusununguka pakupindira kusina kufanira. Idzi kodzero dzinoiswa muzvishandiso zvakawanda zvamarudzi ose, zvakadai seChikamu 12 cheUniversal Declaration of Human Rights, chinoti: “Hapana munhu achadzorwa nokuvhiringidzwa nokuzvidira nekodzero dzake, mhuri, musha kana kuti nyorerana." Mitemo yemitemo yenyika munyika yose nemitemo pasi pose. (kubva paGaramende rechina muUnited States kusvika kukodzero yepamutemo yokuva voga vega voga muIndia /_fferther inosimbisa kukosha kwenheyo iyi. Kodzero dzezvakavanzika hazvisi zvakakwana; zvinofanira kudzikamiswa pazvimwe zvinodiwa nechengeteko yavose, utano hwevoruzhinji, uye rusununguko rwokuvandikano. Zvisinei, vanhu havadzivirirwi kudzorwi, vanorasikirwa nokuzvidzora, vanorega kuzivikanwa, kusarura, uye kubatwa.

Mubasa, kodzero dzakavanzika dzinobatanidza nheyo huru dzinoverengeka: kuoneka pamusoro pemiunganidzwa yemashoko, kubvumira nokuda kwokugadzirwa kwechinangwa, kuganhurirwa kwebasa (data inofanira kushandiswa bedzi nokuda kwezvikonzero zvayakaunganidzwa), mashoko anorerutswa (kubatanidza bedzi zviri madikanwa), uye kuzvidavirira kuvadzori vemasangano emashoko. Idzi nheyo dzinoumba mavambo edziviriro yematengiro azvino uno, zvikurukuru European Union’s General Data Protection Regtection (GDPR) neLiterania Act (CPA).

Kutanga Kwekodzero Dzemunhu Oga

Murangariro wokuva woga wakachinja zvinoshamisa muzana ramakore rapfuura. Kutanga kwakadzidzwa mukudzivirira utsvene hwomusha −" maruramiro okuregwa, sezvinotaurwa naSamuel Warren naLouis Bradeis muchinyorwa chavo cha 1890 Theograph Review yeHarvard (H.privracy) zvishoma nezvishoma kubatanidza kudzora kurukurirano yomunhu oga, ipapo zvinyorwa zvemari nezvokurapa, uye nhasi muzvinodokuva zvisaririra zvose zvemichina zvatinosiya shure.

Nhoroondo

Kuzivikanwa kwapamutemo kwekodzero dzakavanzika kwakawana simba mukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi20 kupfurikidza nezvinoitika zvechiratidzo. MuUnited States, Olmstead v. United States (1928) akaona ruramisiro Brandeis yakakurumbira ichiramba kuti Dare rakaumbwa "kunzvera" kwakadzivirirwa neGaramende Yechina / a murangariro wakazopedzisira wakapararira mu Katz v. United States (1967). MuEurope, Convention on Human Rights Rights (1953) yakadzivirira zvakajeka pasi peChikamu 8. Mativi okutanga emitemo inodzivirira, seMitemo yeGermany (1970) uye Mitemo yeSangano yeSangano yeSangano yazvino uno.

Kubudirira Kwazvino Uno

Kuchinja kwemitemo, uye zvikurukuru kumuka kweInternet necomput, zvakachinja zvikuru nzvimbo dzakavanzika. Ma 2000 akavamba kukura kwemibatanidzwa yemitemo nemichina yakadai seGoogle neFacebook, kazhinji kazhinji pasina kubvumirana kwomushandisi ane revo. Mumhinduro, European Union yakagamuchira GDPR muna 2016 (2018), iyo yakagadza bhendi renyika yose rekodzero dzakavanzika. GDPR inopa vanhu simba rokudzora zvikuru pamitengo yavo, inoisa faindi inorema huru nokuda kwedzisingashandisi (kusvika 4% yokutendeuka kwegore negore), uye kuraira kujeka nokuzvidavirira. Nhevengodzo yeCC (yateve 2020) yakapawo yakatanhamara vagari veCalifornia kodzero itsva uye inonyandura mimwe mitemo muU.S.

Kodzero Dzinokosha Dzokuva Woga Munguva Yetsika

Mitemo yemazuva ano yokudzivirira mashoko inoziva kodzero dzakawanda dzinopa vanhu simba rokudzorazve mashoko avo.

  • Kodzero ku Access: Vanhu vamwe navamwe vanogona kukumbira kusimbiswa kunobva kusangano pamusoro pokuti mashoko avo omunhu oga ari kugadzirwa here uye, kana zvakadaro, kuwana kopi yamapfundo iwayo pamwe chete noudzame pamusoro pezvinangwa, mavara, vagamuchiri, uye nhambo yokuyeuka. Uku kurudyi kunobetsera kubudisa mumvuri uye mashoko asina kutenderwa.
  • Kodzero yokuInganwa (Kururama Kukanganwika): Mumigariro yakati, vanhu vanogona kuraira kuti masangano abvise mashoko awo omunhu oga pasina kunonozeka kusina kufanira. Uku maruramiro, akagadzwa muEurope Court of Justice achitonga Google Spain v. AEPD[[FLT]], rakashandiswa kubvisa nguva kana migumisiro yokutsvaka isina kufanira, kunyange zvazvo richifanira kudzikamiswa muUyamuro muUpfuudzo weSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reP.
  • Kodzero kuMazita okufambisa zvinhu:[[FT:1] Vanhu vamwe navamwe vanogona kugamuchira mashoko avakapa mudzori muchimiro chakarongeka, chinowanzoshandiswa, magadzirirwo egiramu (musamusa, JSON) uye vane maruramiro okupfuudza mashoko iwayo zvakananga kune mumwe mutarisiri uko ruzivo rwunobvira. Ikoku kunokurudzira makwikwi ndokuderedza ndyiko nokuda kwavashandisi vanofambisa mibato.
  • Kodzero kuChinyorwa: Vanhu vamwe navamwe vanogona kuramba kugadzirwa kwamashoko avo omunhu oga nokuda kwokushambadza kwakananga, nzvero yesayenzi kana kuti yenhau, kana kuti zvinangwa zvemitemo. Kana kugadzirwa kwakavakirwa pafariro dzapamutemo kana kuti fariro dzavose, mudzori anofanira kurega kugadzira kutoti varatidzira zvikonzero zvepamutemo izvo zvinopfuura fariro dzomunhu.
  • Kodzero yokuganhurira: Mumigariro yakati (mutoo, kukwikwidza kururama kana kuti kuronga kugadzirwa), vanhu vanogona kuganhurira nzira iyo mashoko avo anoshandiswa nayo, zvikurukuru kuatonhora apo gakava rinopedzwa.
  • Ruramisiro Yokusatapurwa Kuchisarudzo Chinodzorwa: Vanhu vamwe navamwe vane maruramiro okusazviisa pasi pezvisarudzo zvakavakirwa chose chose pakugadzirwa kwomunhu, kubatanidza kugadzirwa, uko kunoparira miuyo yapamutemo kana kuti miuyo inokosha yakafanana. Ikoku kunokosha zvikuru nokuda kwamaarufabheti anoshandiswa mukubatanidza chikwereti, kupinza maaizi, uye inishuwarenzi.

Basa Rezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Pakodzero Dzokuva Woga

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runoshanda sengozi uye sedziviriro yezvinhu zvisingavanzi. Kune rumwe rutivi, masangano akafanana anoita kuti zvive nyore kubudisa mashoko ne(wncommark), makombiyuta, motokari dzinovhara, uyewo gadzira mikana isina kumbobvira yashandiswa pakuongorora uye kunyora mashoko. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvishandiso zvokugadzira zvinhu zvakadai sekunyora mashoko enyaidzo dzepachivande (VPN), uye mabhukwana anonangidzira zvinhu pachete.

Kuunganidzwa Kwemashoko Nezvikamu Zvemashoko

Zvigadzirwa zvemadhigirii zvemadhigirii akawanda zvinovimba nokuunganidza mashoko akawanda emunhu oga kuti ashambadzire nokunatsa maarusaitiro. Iri "risingaverengeki," shoko rakatangwa napurofesa weHarvard Shoshana Zuboff, rinobata ruzivo rwemunhu sechinhu chisiri chenguva dzose nokuda kwokufungidzira uye kutengesa. Hurumende dzinopindawo mumapurogiramu okuongorora, sezvinoratidzwa naEdward Snowden muna 2013, zvichisimbisa mwero wemasangano ezvedzidzo enyanzvi. Kuwedzerazve, kumuka kworuzivo rwokuziva zviso munzvimbo dzavosero mumativi avose . Kubva kunzvimbo dzezviteshi kuenda kumashopu .[1] Kunoisa mibvunzo mikuru pamusoro pezviziviso uye kubvumiranwa. A201 kufunda kwakaitwa neEurope yakawana kuti 90% yeMazita avo haadzivikirwa zvakakwana, kuratidzira kurangarira kwezvapapu paInternetenziromende.

Matanho Okunyora Nyore uye Kuchengetedza

Kunyora mashoko okunyora ndechimwe chezvishandisiso zvinobudirira zvikuru zvokudzivirira zvakavanzika munzvimbo inochengetedzwa. Kunyora pachishandiswa mashoko okunyora pachishandiswa mashoko echidhindo kunosvika kumugumo kunovimbisa kuti vashandisi vanokurukura vanogona kurava mashoko acho, kudzivirira vamiririri vebasa, vaongorori, uye hurumende kuti vadzivise kurukurirano. Zvirongwa zvakafanana neChignati, Whaspp (ne kuguma kwapashure kwekuguma), uye idiso dzakaita kuti mashoko okunyora ajekeseiswe zvakasimba. Kuwedzera, kushandisa chitengidzo chakavimbika kunogona kuvhara kero yeIP yovanza uye kuidza kombiyuta yavo, zvichiita kuti zviomere mapoka echitatu okunyora mabasa avo paIP. Mimwe miitiro yakanakisisa inobatanidza mazita okubudisa mashoko akaoma kubudisa mashoko akaoma kubudisa mashoko, ichiita kuti zvive pachena panzvimbo peSFSMS, uye kupringidzira purogiramu yesoftware yekombiyuta nguva dzose kuti ive kombiyuta.

Zvinetso Zvokuva Woga

Pasinei nezvirongwa zvepamutemo uye zvishandiso zvekugadzira zvinhu, zvipingamupinyi zvinokosha zvinoramba zviripo munyika yose pakushandiswa kwekodzero dzokuva woga.

Matambudziko Epamutemo uye Okutungamirira

Basa renyika yose remitemo yezvakavanzika rinoparira nyongano nokuda kwavanhu vose vari vaviri namasangano. Kambani inoshanda mumativi akawanda anofanira kuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zvinorwisana kazhinji kazhinji, nepo vanhu vangasaziva kuti mutemoi unoshanda kumugariro wavo. Kudzorwa kunosiyanawo; nepo vadzori veEurope vakabvisa faindi huru (um. g., 2 bhiriyoni mukurwisana naMeta mu 2023 nokuda kweGDPR Actssctions), dzimwe nzvimbo hadzina tarisiro dzinobudirira kana kuti kuisa zvirango zviduku. Uyezve, kuchengetekakakwa kworudzi nomutemo zvinogona kubvisa maburi makuru mudziviriro, sezvinoonekwa muU. Foreignst Surveillance Act (IS) uye UK’S Poligiveticment Acts.

Kuziva Vanhu Nedzidzo

Chinetso chinopfuurira ndechokuti vanhu vazhinji havanzwisisi zvizere kodzero dzavo dzakavanzika kana kuti nzira yokudzishandisa. Nzvero nguva dzose dzinoratidza kuti vazhinjisa vavashandisi havatongoravi mitemo yakavanzika, iyo inowanzova yakareruka, yemitemo, uye yamaune. Nzvero ya 2023 Pew ongororo yakawana kuti 60% yeU.S. vakuru vanofunga kuti hakubviri kufamba muupenyu hwezuva nezuva pasina makambani anounganidza mashoko avo, uye 22% bedzi vanonzwa kuti vane “mutoo wekudzora mashoko avo. Pasina kudzidza kwemifungo yemifungo yemifungo yetsika. (8) Pasina kuziva kugadziridza mitoo yakavanzika, kushandisa mutoo weU.Ccognito, kana kuti kuziva kuti mapidhidhi anoramba anoramba asina dziviriro. Kutanga kwedzidzo kupfurikidza nezvirongwa zvisina basa rapachena seEcrocrocrective Foundation (FFF) uye basa rapachena rinosharira kusha.

Miitiro Yakanakisisa Yokudzivirira Kodzero Dzemunhu Woga

Vanhu vanogona kutora matanho chaiwo okudzivirira zvinhu zvavo zvavasina kuzivikanwa, kunyange pavanoongorora zvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo.

  • Ramba wakadzidziswa naKurava Mashoko Akavanzika: Kunyange zvazvo kuchinetesa, kunzvera mapfundo makuru egadziriro yakavanzika(* zvikurukuru kuti mashokoi anounganidzwa, kuti anogoveranwa sei, uye kuti ikodzeroi dzaunadzo dzinokubatsira kuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva. Shandisa zvishandiso seTerms of Service; Mad’t Read (ToS;DR) nokuda kwokupfupikisa kwakapfava.
  • Sebenzisa Mazita okuisa zvisipo akasimba, Enza:[[FT:1] A maneja wezita retsina (umh., Bitwaden, 1 Shoko rokutanga) rinogona kugadzira nokuchengeta mashoko okuisa manzwi akaoma nokuda kwenhau iri yose, kuchideredza ngozi yedenho dzekuvhozhokera. Dzivisa kushandisazve shoko renongedzero munzvimbo.
  • Kusimbisa Kuedza Kuviri-Kuitika: Apps dzechokwadi (Google Unitor, Authority) kana makiyi echaitiki (YubiKey) pa 2FA yakavakirwa paSMS, iyo ingave isingatapurwi nedenho dzeSIM.
  • [[NHAU: 0] .Ivai vamaune pamusoro pezvamunogoverana pasociation neapps. Ongorora mvumo dzepurogiramu pafoni yako uye kudzokororwa kwemashoko asina basa reapp (mh., app yetochi haifaniri kuda kusvika kushamwari dzako).
  • Shandisa-Focrated Medus: Rangarira kuchinja kuzvirango zvakadai seFirefox (nedziviriro yeTreeding Tracking) kana kuti Brave, uye nzvera injini dzakadai seDuckDuck Goo asingacherekedzi mibvunzo yako. Shandisa kufukidzwa kwomunhu oga kwakadai seuheki Krigin neFishe Badge.
  • .W ROW ROUM :[[FL:1] Mazai mazhinji anounganidza nokutengesa rondedzero dzomunhu oga. Unogona kusarudza kupfurikidza namawebsite avo uchishandisa nhungamiro dzinogoverwa neEFF kana kuti Kodzero dzechisifu.
  • Ratidzira nguva dzose Tsoka Dzako Dzemadhigita: Shandisa maturusi akafanana ne “Basa Rangu” kana kuti basa reFacebook reFacebook” kuti uone kuti inhaui dzakaunganidzwa uye dzakabviswa. Uyewo, shandisa kodzero yako yokupinda pasi peGDPR kana kuti CCPA kupfurikidza nokukumbira kopi yemashoko ako mumapuratifomu makuru.

Nguva Yemberi Yekodzero Dzokuva Woga

Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu runowedzera, kodzero dzokuva woga dzicharamba dzichichinja, zvichikonzerwa nokuchinja zvinhu uye kuita zvinhu.

Zvigadzirwa Zvinosanganisa Zvinhu

Ungwaru hwokugadzira, zvikurukuru kudzidza kwemavara okugara nhaka nemuchina, hunopa zvose zviri zviviri ngozi itsva nemhinduro dzekuva voga. Mifanikiso yakarovedzwa pamashoko omunhu oga inogona kuyeuka nokufumura mashoko anotapukira (umh., New York Times[] kupomera kwokutonga kwekudzivirira kwapachivande sezvakavanzika zvakasiyana, izvo zvinowedzera ruzha kudzivirira mashoko okudzivirira vanhu nepo zvichibvumira kunzvera, zviri kutendwa neApple neGoogle. Blockchain yetechology inopa bviro yemistswokuro yezviziviso apo vanhu vamwe navamwe vanodzora pasina kuva nezviteshi. Zvisinei, kusiana kworudzi rwezvigaro zvechikaro chenzimuko kunogona kurwisana nenhambono yerudyi, kudzoronze.

Chikamu chamacom compution chinovhurawo, chichityisidzira kuputsa mipimo yazvino yokunyora mashoko emashoko enyai. Post-quantum spoptography, iyo inodzivisa njodzi dzemancaleum, iri kuiswa mupimo naNIST, asi kugamuchirwa kwakapararira kuchatora makore. Munguva ino, Internet yeZvinhu (IOT) inokudza nzvimbo pamusoro nokuda kwokuunganidzwa kwemadata (makambani apamusha), zvishandiso zvoutano zvinovandika, uye motokari dzose dzinobatanidza dzinoparira mashoko echimbi - nyoro ayo mitemo yazvino unorwisa kufukidza nenzira yakakwana.

Kutendeseka uye Kuchinja Kwetsika

Vatsigiri vekodzero dzakavanzika vanopfuurira kumanikidza kuti vadzivirirwe zvakasimba. EFF, Access Now, uye American Civil Liberations Union (ACLU) vapindi vemitemo mitsva uye denho pamusoro pokutsvaka kuongorora mudare. MuU.S., simba riri kuvamba nokuda kwomutemo wehurumende wakakwana wehurumende, wakafanana neGDPR, kunyange zvazvo kurukurirano dzakabviswa pamitemo yehurumende nekodzero dzapachivande. UK iri kutsvaka kugadziridza kumirayiridzo yayo yemasangano anodzivirira post-Brtik, nepo nyika dzakafanana neChina dzakaita kuti pave noMutemo weInformation Real Information Requection (PPL) wakabatanidza kodzero dzakasimba dzehurumende negadziriro dzekuwana zvinhu. Majekero enyika ose anoramba aripokakakaka; EUS.

mhedziso

Kodzero dzakavanzika munhambo yemitengo hadzisi nhevedzano yemitemo asi inoda nzvimbo inomanikidzirwa inopfuurira kungwarira, kuchinjika, uye kuzivikanwa. Savanhu vamwe navamwe, kuramba vachiziviswa pamusoro pekodzero idzi uye kugamuchira matanho okudzivirira ndiwo mutsetse wokutanga wedziviriro. Senzanga, tinofanira kuraira kuti vagadziri vemitemo vajeke, mirau inomanikidzirwa inoita kuti vanhu vave vakavanzika, uye kuti nyanzvi dzezvoruzivo rwemitengidzi ivenge yakaita kuti ive yakavanzika muzvinhu zvose. Nhungasarudzwa kuita nhasi (souri, savatengi, vara, uye vagari vemo) vachaumba nguva yemberi yemitengo yemitengo yezvizvarwa kuti zviuye. Nokuda kwokurava, kunzvera [FLD:] FRONATIOTY] nokuda , uye .[5]