Table of Contents
Nzvero dzeCongress netarisiro zvinomirira maminuru makuru ehurumende yehurumende yeAmerica inosarudzwa navanhu, achibatira semiitiro inotambudza iyo bazu remitemo rinopa nayo kuzvidavirira kwehurumende. Masimba aya, kunyange zvazvo asina kurondedzerwa zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo, akashanduka anopfuura mazana maviri amakore kuva zvishandiso zvinokosha zvokuchengeta kudzikamiswa kwesimba kusingafungidziri kunoreva hurumende yeUnited States. Kunzwisisa kuti kunzvera kwedare nemubato wokutarisira kunopa sei nzwisiso inokosha mukunzvera uye gadziriro inodzivirira utongi hwedemocracy uye kusimudzira ufakazi husingachinjiki mumabasa omubatanidzwa.
Chirongwa Chomutemo Chokutarisira Dare
Nepo pasina gadziriro yakananga yebumbiro remitemo inobvumira kutarisirwa kwesangano kana kuti nzvero, Dare Rapamusorosoro rakasimbisa zvakasimba kuti simba rakadaro rinokosha kwazvo kumubato womutemo zvokuti rinofanira kurehwa nokupiwa masimba ose emitemo muDare I reBumbiro reMitemo. Bumbiro reMitemo haritauri chinhu pamusoro pokunzvera nokutarisira kwedare, asi chiremera chokuita kunzvera chinorehwa sezvo Congress ane "masimba ose emitemo emitemo."
Kushaikwa kwekurukurirano kwakanga kuri nemhaka yokuti tarisiro nechiremera chayo chavashandi zvakarangarirwa sesimba romuzvarirwo remagungano anomiririrwa ayo aigadza mutemo wavose. Vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vakafunga kuti Congress yaizoshandisa nenzira yomuzvarirwo masimba okunzvera akafanana naavo vakashandiswa neBritish House of Commons. George Mason weVirginia akataura paFederal Convention kuti mitezo yeCongress "harvements asi ine masimba ebvunzurudza. Vanofanira kusangana kazhinji kazhinji kuti vanzvere Mufambiro wehofisi dzavose.
Kudzora kunotorwawo mumasimba akawanda anotaurwa akasiana- siyana eCongress muBumbiro reMitemo. Kunorehwa muchiremera chedare, pakati pamamwe masimba nemabasa, kumari dzakakodzera, kugadza mitemo, kumutsa nokutsigira, kugovera mauto eHondo dzehondo, kuzivisa hondo, uye kubvisa uye kubvisa panzvimbo yapurezidhendi, mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende. Chibvumirano hachigoni kushandisa masimba aya nenzira ine mufungo kana kuti nenzira ine mufungo pasina kuziva kuti mukuru mukuru wacho akanga achiita sei; mapurogiramu akanga achidzorwa sei, aidzorwa naani, uye pandyiko; uye kana vakuru vakuru vaiteerera mutemo uye nevavariro yemitemo.
Kukura Kwesimba Rokuongorora Munhau
Kuongorora Kwemasangano Kwapakuvamba
Imba yakagombedzera kupinda kwazvapupu chifo cha 1795, apo yakanzvera kuedza kupfumbadzira mitezo. Uku kunzvera kwapakuvamba kwakagadza muenzaniso wechiremera chesangano kudana zvapupu ndokuunganidza ufakazi. Zvirokwazvo, nhau dzapakuvamba dzesangano rapabumbiro rehurumende namasimba okuzvidza zvakanangidzira pakushatisa kana kuti kuzvidza imba imene. Robert Randall, mutarisiri wenzvimbo, akanga aedza kutenga zvino chinonzi Michigan kubva kuhurumende yehurumende yehurumende ndokugoverana mari neVateshi veDare vakatenderwa kutengesa. Somuuyo, Randll akanga ari munhu wokutanga kuzvidza Dare. House Restant-Armeat akapiwa mvumo yokumusunga ndokumuendesa pamberi peHoro, apo akatsiurwa ndokuiswa mujeri wevhiki yomunzvimbomo nokuda kwetorongo.
Muna 1827 Imba yacho yakasimbisa Dare paManufectures "kutumira vanhu namapepa" ane chokuita nemutemo wehurumende, uye chibviro chenguva iyeyo dzimba dzose dziri mbiri dzakakurangarira kuva maruramiro adzo kudana munhu upi noupi, angave ari mukati kana kuti kunze kwehurumende, kupupurira. Ichi chinoitika chakaratidzira wedzero inokosha yechiremera chesangano kudarika nhau dzinotapura zvakananga Congress pachayo kuzvinangwa zvikuru zvemitemo.
Kupiwa Muitiro Nokupiwa Mitemo
Gwendero reGagislative Reorganication Act ya 1946 (P. 79-601), kwenguva yokutanga, rakadana zvakajeka nokuda kwe "utariri hwechikwata" mumutemo wavose. Rakatungamirira matare akamira eImba neDare "kushandisa kurinda kunopfuurira" pamusoro pepurogiramu namasangano adzo pasi pavo; rakapiwa mvumo yenyanzvi; uye rakakudziridza masimba e Comptroller General, musoro weCongress’s Certricart neoccounting Office (GAO) Office yeHurumende yeMauthority (GO).
Mutemo weLegislative Reorganization Act ya 1970 (P. 91-510) wakabvumira dare rimwe nerimwe rakamira ku "kuyera nokufunda, pahwaro hunopfuurira, kushandiswa, kutarisirwa nokuitwa" kwemitemo pasi paro; kuwedzera vashandi vematare; kuwedzera betsero yakapiwa neCongregationalional Research Service; uye yakasimbisa kurangarirwa kwepurogiramu kwemitoro yeGAO. Iyi mitemo yemitemo inochinja dare somubato wemitemo mukuru uye inogovera mabhii nezvishandiso zvakafanira kunzvera kwakakwana.
Kunzwisisa Kuongorora Kwemasangano
Tsananguro Nenzvimbo
Kunzvera kweCongress kunobatanidza kubvunza kwakarongwa kwakaitwa namatare esangano kunzvera nhau dzine chokuita nemitemo yehurumende, mitemo, mapurogiramu, kana kuti zviito. Dzinobatanidzwa mukati moukuru hwesimba ndiro chiremera chokutanga kunzvera, kuchengeta matare, kuunganidza chipupuriro kana kuti magwaro kubva kuzvapupu, uye, mumigariro umo zvimwe hurumende kana kuti boka rapachivande risati richiuya, kusunda kuwirirana nezvikumbiro zvesangano kupfurikidza nokuchengetwa kwezvibvumirano.
Dare rinotungamirira kudzokororwa kwebazu ravakuru vakuru kupfurikidza nehwirudzuro, kuongororwa, uye kutarisirwa kwokuitwa kwegadziriro yavose. Nhasi, kutungamirira kwesangano kunogona kuitika munenge mumabasa api naapi emitemo uye kupfurikidza nemhatsa huru yemikoto, masangano, uye zvivako. iyi mibato inovambira pakutongwa kwedare kwepamutemo kusvikira kuonano yedare navakuru vakuru vakuru; kubva kufundo dzavashandi kutsigira hwirudzuro; uye kubva pabasa renhau rinoitwa nehofisi dzeAbon kufundo dzakagadzirwa namasangano akadai semasangano avakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru navakuru vakuru.
Basa Rekutanga Rokuongorora Kwemasangano
Nepo maturusi okunzvera eCongress anogona kushandiswa kuita chiverengero chakati chezvinangwa zvakasiyana, muitiro wedare unokarakadza kuti kubvunza kwemitemo zvikurukuru kunobatira kuunganidza mashoko anokosha nokuda kwokurangarira nokubudisa mutemo (unganzi mubato wokuzviumba umene kana kuti wokuumba mutemo) kana kuti kuva nechokwadi chokutarisirwa kwakafanira kwemitemo iripo.
Kubvira pamakore ayo okutanga, Congress akashandisa simba rayo rokubvunza kuti atarisire, azivise vanhu, uye anyore mutemo wakanaka.
Nzvero dzeCuarsions hadzingobatsiri bedzi vaiti vemitemo kuita zvisarudzo zvemiitiro zviri nani, asi iko kuri chinhu chikuru kugadziriro yokunzvera nedzikamo. Kunzwa kwokunzvera kunogona kufukura kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwapurezidhendi kwesimba noushati, zvakadai sechinyadziso cheTeapot Dome muma 1920 kana kuti Watergate muma 1970. Kunzvera uku kwakakwirira kunoratidzira kuti kutarisira komubatanidzwa kunobatira sei sedziviriro inokosha mukurwisana nemutungamiriri wehurumende uye kusazvibata kwakashata kwehurumende.
Marudzi Okutarisira Kwemagungano
Utariri Hunotonga
Kutarisira mutemo kunobatanidza kuhwirudzurwa kwakarongwa kwemitemo nepurogiramu kuva nechokwadi chokuti zviri kuitwa seCongress yakaitirwa. Rudzi urwu rwoutariri runonanga pakuongorora kana masangano ehurumende ari kutevera mitemo, kana purogiramu dziri kusvitsa zvinangwa zvadzo zvakarongwa, uye kana kugadziridzwa kwemitemo iripo kungava kuri madikanwa. Kupfurikidza nokutarisira kwemitemo iripo, Congress inogona kucherekedza mikaha miganhu yemitemo yehurumende, yoyera kushanda kwepurogiramu dzehurumende, uye yosarudza kana chiito chemitemo chainodiwa.
Kuburikidza nesimba rayo rekubvumira, Congress inodzora zvikuru masangano ehurumende.Muitiro wose wekubvumidza ungabatanidza zvishandiso zvakawanda zvokutarisira, zvokuteerera, uye mishumo() asi chinhu chikuru kukuita mutemo wacho mutemo wepamutemo.
Kuongorora
Kuongorora kunonangidzira ngwariro zvikurukuru pakufumura kusazvibata, ushati, tsvina, unyengeri, kana kuti kusangwarira mukati memasangano ehurumende nepurogiramu. Ichi chimiro chakanangidzirwa zvikuru choutariri chinowanzobatanidza kunzverwa kune udzame kwezvinoitika zvakati, pomero, kana kuti mitoo yetsika dzinoparira chinetso. Kutarisira kwemari yenhau kungatangwa nenyunyuto dzeripi, mishumo yenhau, itiro dzechikamu chapamutemo, kana kuti mashoko anounganidzwa kupfurikidza nemibato yokutarisira yetsika yemitemo.
Kusiyana nokutarisira hurumende, uko kunowanzova kupfuurira uye kwakarongeka, kuongorora kunowanzoita kuti munhu afunge uye kuisa pfungwa pazvinetso zvakati kana kuti papomero.
Mapurisa Anotarisira
Masayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika akawana nzira mbiri dzakajeka dzokutarisira: "Purice police" uye "alamu yemoto". Kutarisira kwamapurisa kunobatanidza kutarisirwa kwenguva dzose, kwakarongwa kwemibato yebazu ravakuru vakuru, kwakafanana nomukuru mukuru wemapurisa anotarira bhiti. Uku kuita kunoda zviteshi zvinokosha zvesangano uye kunobatanidza kutongwa kwenguva dzose, mishumo, uye kuhwirudzurwa kwemibato yesangano.
Kutarisira alamu aivhu, mukupesana, kunotsiva. Muiyi nzira, Congress inotsamira papati dzinofarira(kubatanidza masangano, mapoka ezviwanwa, uye zvinobudisa nhau) kuvanyevera nezvezvinetso zvinoda kuongororwa. Kana "magarnd" akadaro achitangwa, Dare rinopindura nokunzvera kwakaitirwa. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinopikisa kuti kutarisirwa kwemoto kunonakisa zvikuru uye kune zvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwemitezo yeCongress, sezvarinoanoabvumira kuisa ngwariro panhau dzakatowanwa navose.
Zvishandiso Nemichina Yokutarisira Dare
Dare Rinotonga
Mitongo yedare inomirira chimwe chezvishandiso zvinooneka zvikuru uye zvinokosha zvokutarisira musangano.Congress inoita basa iri kupfurikidza nokuita kuti kutongwa nokutarisirwa kwemabasa esangano, mabasa nemitemo.Kunzwa kunogovera mamiriro ezvinhu akarongwa apo mitezo yedare inogona kubvunza zvapupu, kuunganidza chipupuriro, uye kuita chinyorwa chavose chemibato yesangano nokuita.
Kunzwa kunobatira zvinangwa zvakawanda kupfuura kuungana kwamashoko. Zvinobvumira Congress kuratidzira nzvimbo yokutanga kumasangano anotungamirira, zvinodzidzisa vanhu pamusoro penhau dzinokosha, uye zvinoparira dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwechinjo dzemiitiro. Ikoku kunoreva kuti Congress inopa mhosho pamhatsa yenhau, kubva pakushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwemitambo yenyanzvi kusvikira kukushandiswa kwamasetiraiti emhepo. Kunzwa kwakashandiswawo kufambisira mberi maruramiro amapoka maduku.
Simba Reputpoena
Simba duku rinomirira chishandiso chikurusa cheCongress chekunzvera. Mukati mokunzvera kweDare reTeapot Dome muma 1920, Dare Gurusa rakaitirwa muMcGrain. Daughherty (1927) matare esangano anogona kupoka matare edare, kumanikidza zvapupu kupupurira, uye kuvazvidza kana vakakundikana kuwirirana. Ichi chisarudzo chakatanhamara chakagadza hwaro hwapamutemo hwechiremera chesangano rePuthopona.
Mitemo yeCongress inosimbisa matare ayo ose akamira ane chiremera kumanikidza zvapupu kubudisa chipupuriro nezvinyorwa zvedzose dzinodzorwa naro. Zvisinei, miitiro yakananga yokubudisa mapopo inosiana nedare. Chiremera chechokwadi chebumbiro remitemo kunzvera kushandiswa kwemanikidziro mumatare akasiyana- siyana ekamuri rimwe nerimwe. Mitezo mimwe nemimwe inoita pasina simba rokubudisa zvipunu kana kumanikidza kuzviisa pasi.
MaCongress anogona kumanikidza kubudiswa kwemagwaro, anoda zvapupu kupupurira pakutongwa, uye muzvimwe zviitiko kuoneka kwezvinoitwa. Ukuru hwechiremera ichi hunoratidza kuzivikanwa kweDare Repamusorosoro kuti utariri hunobudirira hunoda mano akasimba okuunganidza mashoko.
Kukumbira Mashoko Nekuunganidza Mashoko
Kupfuura masangano anongogara achikumbira magwaro nemashoko kubva kumasangano makuru kupfurikidza nemiitiro mishomanene. Zvikumbiro izvi zvingauya muchimiro chetsamba kubva kuzvigaro zvedare, zvikumbiro zvinobva kumitezo mimwe nemimwe, kana kuti kumira zvinodikanwa zvemasangano kuti ape mishumo yenguva dzose kuCongress. Masangano akawanda anowirirana nezvikumbiro zvakadaro nokuzvidira, achiziva basa routariri hweDare uye achitsvaka kuchengeta ukama hwakanaka hwokushanda nematare aro.
Matare angatsvaka mashoko esangano, kuongorora mitemo, magwaro okushandisa mari, kunyorerana nevanhu vasiri vamwe, uye zvimwe zvinyorwa zvipi nezvipi zvinoshanda pamabasa avo okutarisira. Zvikumbiro zvinobvumirwa zvinongogumira pazvinangwa zvepamutemo zvemitemo.
Simba Rokufungidzira
Kutsigira mari kwesangano rimwe nerimwe kunobatanidzwa mune rimwe remari gumi nemaviri rinofunga kuti Congress rinobhadhara gore negore. Simba iri rechikwama rinopa Dare rinoshandisa masangano makuru uye rinomirira chishandiso chokutarisira chine simba.
Kana Congress inodavira kuti sangano ratsauka pamurairo waro wapakuvamba, Congress rinogona kuita chimwe chinhu munzira dzakati. Congress inogona kupfuudza mutemo kumitongo yesangano inotonga, kana kuti kupfupikisa simba resangano. Congress inogona kushandisa simba raro rokutaura kuganhurira mari yesangano. Congress inogonawo kuderedza chiremera chesangano rokudzora. Kutyisidzira kwokuderedza mari kana kuti mutauro unoganhurira kunogona kukurudzira sangano kuwirirana nezvinodiwa nesangano kunyange pasina kunzvera kwakarongwa.
Simba Rokusimbisa
Chiremera chebumbiro remitemo cheDare kusimbisa vamiriri venzvimbo dzapurezidhendi navedare chinogovera mumwe mutoo unokosha wokutarisira. Kusimbisa kubvumira vadzori kupanikira pamusoro pezvikwaniriso zvavo, mirangariro yemiitiro, uye gadziriro dzokutungamirira masangano avo. Muitiro wokusimbisa unoparirawo mikana yokuti vatsigiri vapinyi vaumbirwe misengwa yebatira pamwe yeramangwana nenhamburiko dzokutarisira.
Vamiririri vangaisa vamiririri kana kuti vangatyisidzira kuvhota kuti vasabvumirwe kumasangano anomanikidza kupa mashoko anenge akumbirwa kana kuti kuchinja mitemo inokakavadzana.
Kurayira
Simba rekusarudza chinhu chinoshandiswa neCongress pasi peBumbiro reMitemo. Kutsvaka kunoshanda kuPurezidhendi, Mutungamiriri weSanihenzi, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende mumapazu evakuru vakuru neamatare. Kunyange zvazvo risingawanzoshandiswa, kutungamirira kunoratidza chishandiso chikuru cheCongress chokuranga nacho mufambiro wakakomba wevakuru vakuru vakuru.
Imba yavamiriri ine simba rimwe chete rokushora. Voruzhinjiwo zvavo vanodikanwa muImba kutendera nyaya dzokusatendera. Dare rine simba rimwe chete rokuedza kuteererwa. Voruzhinji vane zvitatu zviviri vanodikanwa muDare kuti vapedze mutongo ndokubvisa munhu pahofisi. Muitiro wokudzidzisa kazhinji kazhinji unobatanidza kunzvera kukuru nokunzwa kuti vaunganidze ufakazi hwokunzi hauna kururama.
Mishumo Nemishumo
Congress inotsamira zvikuru pamishumo uye kuongorora kunoitiswa namasangano akasiyana- siyana etsigiro uye masangano omukati. Office yeHurumende yeAccounting Accounting (GAO) inobatira sechikamu chikuru cheCongress chefekicha nechomuruoko, ichiitisa kuhwirudzura kwakazara kwepurogiramu dzesangano uye zvirongwa pakukumbira kutevedzerwa. Congregational Research Service inogovera kunzvera uye kutsigira kunzvera, nepo Congregationalional Accounment Department Office inonzvera nhau dzemarikero nedzero dzemari.
Uyezve, Congress inoda kuti masangano ape mishumo yakawanda pamusoro pemabasa awo, mashandiro azvo, uye maererano nezvinodiwa nemitemo.
Gadziriro yeDare Nechiremera Choutarisiri
Matare Akamira
Dare rakamira matare enguva dzose ane udzori panzvimbo dzakati dzemiitiro nemasangano anotungamirira. Dare rimwe nerimwe rine mutoro wokutarisira masangano nepurogiramu zviri mukati maro, richiumba gadziriro inoparadzirwa yokutarisira munhevedzano yakazara yemibato yehurumende.
Chifo chenguva iyeyo, Dare rakaziva nenzira inowedzera ukoshi hwenzvero uye rakakudza masimba aro kuitisa kubvunza, kubatanidza simba duku ramatare ose akamira akapiwa neLegislative Reorgation Act ya 1946. Uku kukura kwakavimbisa kuti simba rokutarisira rakaparadzirwa mugadziriro yose yedare panzvimbo pokunangidzirwa mukusarudza mitumbi yokunzvera.
Sarudza Matare Anokosha
Kuwedzera kumatare akamira, panhambo nenhambo Congress inogadzira matare anosarudza kana kuti chaiwo kuti aongorore nhau dzakati kana kuti zvinoitika.
Matare anosarudza akaita kumwe kunzvera kweCongress kunokosha zvikurusa, kubatanidza kubvunza muWatergate, nhau yeIran-Contra, uye denho dzamagandanga dzaSeptember 11. Aya matare kazhinji kazhinji ane murairo wakafara wokunzvera nezviwanikwa zvikuru, achiabvumira kuitisa kunzverwa kwakakwana kwenhau dzakaoma kunzwisisa.
Chiremera Chomubatanidzwa
Mitemo yedzimba inogovera kuti vatengi vaduku vangabvumira uye kubudisa vhoti voruzhinji vemitezo miduku yedare. MuDare rechi 119, matare eImba 13 akapa hwerengedzo yavakuru 71 vamasangano echiduku - duku, hwuchinje kana kuti zvakajeka kupfurikidza nemirau yamadare. Iyi nhume yechiremera kuvatenzi inobvumira nokuda kwevane chiremera chakananga zvikuru nechakananga mukati menharaunda dzakananga dzemiitiro.
Kuparadzirwa kwechiremera choutarisiri kumasangano makuru kunoratidzira kuoma uye ukuru hwehurumende yehurumende. Kupfurikidza nokupa mitoro miduku simba rokuitisa nzvero mukati menharaunda dzayo chaidzoidzo, Dare rinogona kuchengeta tarisiro yakakwana zvikuru kupfuura yaizobvira kudai bedzi matare akazara angagona kushandisa masimba okunzvera.
Kutarisira Kwomutemo Nokutonga
Nhevedzo Dzedare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa
Dare Repamusorosoro reUnited States rakasimbisa masimba anotarisira eCongress, achitungamirirwa nemitemo inodzivirira rusununguko rwevagari vemo, panhambo dzinoverengeka.zvisarudzo zvikuru zveDare Gurusa zvakasimbisa zvose zviri zviviri ukuru hwechiremera chokuongorora neganhuriro dzacho dzebumbiro remitemo.
Dare rapamusoro paCongregation Overselight Watkins v. United States: "Simba reCongress rokunzvera rinoberekwa mumuitiro womutemo. Simba iroro rakafara. Rinobatanidza kubvunza pamusoro pokutarisirwa kwemitemo iripo pamwe chete nemirau inokarakadzwa kana kuti zvimwe inodikanwa." Iyi nheyo yenheyo inosimbisa kuti kunzvera kwedare hakufaniri kubatanidzwa nemitemo chaiyo iripo asi inogona kunzvera kutarisirwa kwemitemo iripo.
Trump v. Mazars USA, LLP: "Pasina mashoko, Congress yaizova ichipfura murima, isingakwanisi kunyora nokuchenjera kana kuti nokubudirira. Chisarudzo ichi chemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi chinosimbisazve rudzi runokosha rwechiremera chokuunganidza mashoko esangano nepo ichitangawo itiro hanya chaidzo apo kunzvera kunobatanidza mashoko omunhu oga aPrezidhendi.
Zvinodikanwa Zvokunzvera Kwakakodzera
Sezvinoziviswa muWilkinson v. United States (1961), dare resangano rinofanira kusvitsa zvinodikanwa zvitatu nokuda kwavanababa varo vaduku kuti vave “vakakwana mumutemo. ” Chokutanga, kunzvera kwedare nharaunda yakafara inofanira kubvumirwa nenzvimbo yayo; chechipiri, kunzvera kunofanira kuronda "donzo remitemo rapamutemo" asi hakudikanirwi kubatanidza mutemo uye hakudi kududza vavariro yokupedzisira yeDare; uye chechitatu, kunzvera chaiko kunofanira kuva kwakafanira kunhau yakaitwa kuti ive inotenderwa kuferedzerwa.
Zvinodikanwa izvi zvinovimbisa kuti kunzverwa kwedare kubatira madonzo emitemo apamutemo panzvimbo pokushandiswa nokuda kwamadonzo asina kufanira akadai sokunetswa kwavagari vemo voga kana kuti kubvutwa kwamabasa oudzori kana kuti orutongeso. Zvisinei, matare akadudzira "donzo remitemo rinowirirana" rakafara, achiziva kuti mibato yemitemo namashoko avose inoumba madonzo emitemo apamutemo apamutemo anoshanda kunyange apo kusingasabatanidzwa zvakananga nemitemo inomira.
Miganhu Yokuhwirudzura
Kwave kuchigadzikiswa kwenguva refu kuti matare angasapindira zvakananga kuti adzivise kuitwa kwokunzvera kana kuti mutoo wokunzvera, uye kuti chapupu chinodavira kubvunzurudzwa kuva kusiri kwapamutemo kana kuti neimwe nzira kusingashandi kuti chisimudzire nhau yacho chinofanira kuzvizvidza ndokusimudzira zvitendero zvacho sezvinobvuma kudzivirira utsotsi hwake. Uku kunzwisisa kwakasimbiswa zvikuru apo Dare raidavira kuti vhiringidzo yekutaura kana kuti kupindira kwapamberi pedare kwakajeka zvikuru nomufambiro wokunzvera kwedare, kupfurikidza nokuhwirudzura zvakafanira kwematsoropo kana kuti neimwe nzira.
Dare Rapamusoro zvikurusa harina bedzi kuwanzobatanidzwa mukurukurirano ipi neipi inokosha yesimba rePurofesa rokuongorora, uye kutaura idi rakangopa bedzi murangariro wakananga kurwisano yokuongorora pakati peDare neBazu Rine Chinzvimbo Chikuru. Mhatsa yezvinhu zvinoparira basa rokutonga rakaderedzwa munharaunda ino, kubatanidza nheyo dzapamutemo dzokudzora kwedare nokuparadzaniswa kwamasimba.
Kumanikidzirwa Kwezvinodikanwa Zvemisangano
Kusunungurwa Kwemisangano Yechechi
Kudzimwa kweCongress chiito chisina kururama chokudzivisa basa reUnited States Congress kana kuti rimwe ramatare ayo.
Muna 1857 Congress akataura kuti zvapupu zvaizengurira zvingashorwa uye zvingatongwa nematare ehurumende, Sinclair v. muUnited States (1929), Dare rakatonga kuti chapupu chinova pamberi pedare redare redare chinogona kupiwa mhosva.Masangano aya anoita kuti pave nemitemo inoita kuti pave nemabasa okushandisa kumanikidza kuti zviite maererano nezvinodiwa nedare racho.
Kudzvinyirirwa Nematsotsi
Apedza kunyomba, mukuru mukuru anotungamirira wekamuri racho anorayirwa kunongedzera nhau yacho kuAtttorney yeU.S. kuU. yePriestor of Columbia; mukuwirirana nomutemo ibasa reAttenorney kunongedzera nhau yacho kudare guru rinobetsera vatongi nokuda kwechiito. Mhaka yemhosva yokuzvidza Congress inhema, inorangwa nefaindi isingapfuuri $100 000 kana kuti isingasviki $100 000 uye kuiswa mutorongo kwenguva dzose kweasati ari mwedzi unopfuura mumwe kana kuti inopfuura mwedzi gumi nemiviri.
Zvisinei, hofisi yebazi iri kutungamirira paDhipatimendi Rokutonga inofanira kubvuma kushora vapi nevari kushora vanotaurwa nezvavo.
Kumanikidzwa Muhurumende
Dare rinogonawo kutsvaka kuchengetwa kwavagari vemo kwapamberi pedare rehurumende.Iyi nzira inobatanidza kukwidziridza mhaka kuti kumanikidzire kuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zvedare. Kuchengetwa kwavagari vemo kwazova kwakakurumbira zvikuru mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura sechinotsiva kuzvidza kwoutsotsi, zvikurukuru mumagakava navakuru vakuru vakuru vebazu apo Department ringava risingadi kuronda kukwikwidza mhaka dzoutsotsi.
Kuchengetwa kwemitemo kwevagari vemo kunogona kutora nguva refu, kuchiwedzera kudarika Dare rakabudisa nyaya yokutanga.
Kusunungurwa Kwatakasikwa Nako
Munhau, Imba neDare zvakatsamira pasimba ravo vamene rokuronga kuti vasamanikidzira bedzi vapureya vakuru vakuru, asiwo kupindura zvimwe zviito izvo imba ipi neipi yairangarirwa sechinovhiringidza miitiro yavo yemitemo kana kuti maruramiro. Zvirokwazvo, mutemo wetsotsi wetsotsi hauna kupiwa kutozosvikira muna 1857, uye matare haaratidziki kuva akafarira chiito chehurumende kuti imanikidze mubatanidzwa wedare kuti utsigire mukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru kusvikira nguva yeWatergate. Nokuti nhau huru yeAmerica yeNyumba neDare panzvimbo panzvimbo pezvo inozivikanwa sesimba roruzvidzoro rokusimbisa masimba avo okufunda. Ruzvidzo rwamanyuko ichiremera chakavakirwa pamutemo chinopiwa kuimba imwe neimwe kusungwa zvisina kufanira uye kusungwa nomunhu mumwe nomumwe zvinowanikwa "kudzora nguva yebasa reMatergatestgate."
Nepo Congress ichichengeta chiremera chayo che "kuzvidza kwokusangwarira" uye ingachishandisa panguva ipi neipi, uyu muitiro wokuzvidza wakagarwa nomuzvarirwo wakashandiswa noDare muna 1934, mukunzverwa kweDare rendege nePros. Simba romuzvarirwo roruzvidzo rakaderera mukushaikwa nemhaka yomugariro waro wenguva inowirirana nendyiko yezvamatongerwe enyika, asi rinoramba riri chisarudzo cherondedzero chokuraira zvikumbiro zvedare.
Kuganhurirwa Nezvinetso Kuutariri Hwokuungana
Ropafadzo Yakananga
Ropafadzo yechiremera chinotungamirira inomirira chimwe cheganhuriro dzinokosha zvikurusa pachiremera choutariri. Iyi dzidziso, yakavakirwa muparadzano yenheyo dzamasimba, inobvumira Purezidhendi kunyima mashoko akati kuDare kuti adzivirire kuvanza kurangarira kwebazu guru. Dare Rapamusoro rakaitirwa muTrump v. Mazars USA, LLP iyo inoumba mashoko omunhu oga anobatanidza "mashoko omunhu oga aPuerreant anobatanidza itiro hanya dzinoremera zvikuru pamusoro pokuparadzaniswa kwamasimba." Somuuyo, Dare rakaonesa nhevedzano ye "rangariro chakatanhamara" iyo inoisa munhau mbiri inokosha yeChibvumirano cheDare reHurumende ne'Union'sty's."
Kukakavadzana pamusoro pokuti ropafadzo yevakuru vakuru yakaitwa nevakuru vakuru kwakatungamirira kukurukurirano dzenguva refu uye kutaurirana pakati peCongress nebazi rinotungamirira, dzimwe nguva kuchitambanudzira kupfuura Congress iyo yakatanga kuongorora kwacho.
Kuparadzana Kwesimba Kunoshushikana
Kuparadzana kwemitemo yemasimba kunoparira kusawirirana kunovapo muutarisiri hwedare rebazu ravakuru vakuru. Nepo Congress ine chiremera chakafara chokutarisira, hakugoni kushandisa chiremera ichocho kubvuta mabasa avakuru vakuru kana kuti kudzongonyedza zvisina kufanira mitoro yebumbiro remitemo raPurezidhendi. Kudzikamisa tarisiro inobudirira mukuremekedza kuzvimirira kunodzora kunoramba kuri chinetso chinopfuurira.
Kutarisira kweCongregary kungava kuongorora. Ikoku ndokwechokwadi zvikurukuru apo sangano rakanangidzirwa (hwungava munhu oga, sangano, kana kuti sangano rebazu rapamusoro) rinopa mashoko ayo Congress anorangarira kuva ari madikanwa kukubvunza kwaro. Mumigariro iyoyo, sangano rakarongerwa ringaedza mitoo inoverengeka kudzivisa kuziviswa, zvakadai sokusimbisa kuti mashoko acho haagoni kuziviswa nemhaka yomutemo wakati, mutemo, kana kuti chisarudzo choukuru.
Kuchinja Zvematongerwe Enyika
Kusawirirana kwezvamatongerwe enyika nokupesana kwemapoka zvinogona kudzongonyedza zvikuru kushanda kweutariri hwesangano. Apo boka raPurezidhendi rinodzora kamuri rimwe kana kuti zvose zviri zviviri reDare, kutarisirwa kwebazu guru kungava kwoutsinye hushoma. Nenzira inopesana, apo mapoka akasiyana - siyana anodzora Congress nedenderedzwa routungamiriri, kutarisira kunogona kuva kudzora zvikuru uye kurwisana.
Kuongorora kungaonekwa sokukurudzirwa mune zvematongerwo enyika sokutamburira kuwana tsigiro yavose uye kungasabudirira mukuchinja zvinhu zvine musoro. Kuoma kwokuchengetedza kushandira pamwe kwezvipukanana mumabasa okutarisira kwawedzera zvikuru sezvo kubatana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwawedzera.
Mazano Okushandisa Mari
Kutarisira kunobudirira kunoda zvinhu zvakawanda, kubatanidza unyanzvi hwavashandi, nguva, uye mari. matare eCongress anofanira kudzikamisa mitoro yokutarisira nemitoro yavo yemitemo, mabasa esangano, uye mimwe misengwa. Kuoma uye ukuru hwesangano rehurumende zvinoreva kuti kutarisira kwakakwana kwamasangano ose namapurogiramu hakubviri zvachose.
Matare anofanira kutanga kuronga zvinhu zvinoda kutarisirwa, kazhinji achinyanya kutaura nezvenyaya dzakaita kuti vanhu vafunge nezvenyaya dzezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti dzakakwikwidzanwa panzvimbo pokuongorora zvinhu zvose zvinoitwa nehurumende.
Mashoko Asymmetry
Masangano ane chiremera ane mashoko akawanda zvikuru pamusoro pezviito zvawo kupfuura anogona kuwana chaizvoizvo kupfurikidza noutariri. aya mashoko anoparira denho dzokutarisira kunobudirira, sezvo masangano angakwanisa kuvanza zvinetso kana kuti kupa mashoko munzira idzo zvinetso zvisinganzwisisiki. Dare rinofanira kuvimba zvikuru nebatira pamwe yesangano, vanopfura mheto, vaongorori, uye mamwe manyuko okukurira iyi njodzi.
Vashandi veCongregation vangasava nounyanzvi hunokosha hunodiwa kuti vanzwisise nokuongorora mabasa ehurumende, zvichiita kuti zviome kunyatsotarisira zvirongwa zveunyanzvi hukuru.
Zvinetso Zvokumanikidza
Kunyange apo bazu guru pakutanga rinozengurira kupa mashoko, Congress inogona kushandisa kushandiswa kwezvimiro zvakasiana - siana zvegadziriro dzemitemo, pamwe chete nomuitiro wamasanga wezvamatongerwe enyika wekurukurirano nenzvimbo, kuti awane zvarinoda. Congress inoshandisa simba guru pabazu raro kupfurikidza nokudzora chiremera chesangano, mari, uye, muchinoitika cheDare, kusimbiswa kwavakuru vakuru vakuru. Kushandiswa kana kuti kushandiswa kwamasimba aya kwakatyisidzirwa munzira yaizoisa mitoro pasangano kungakurudzira kuwirirana neduku penaspos (kana kuti iite sezvingabvira zvikuru kuti mashoko akakumbirwa achagoverwa pasina kudikanwa kwokubudisa dare resipoena) uye nzvimbo yeDare redare painoedza kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira mukati kurukurirano mukati kurukurirano nebazu romukuru webazi. Asi chibvumirano chemitemo nechikamu chiduku chinodzora chinodzora chitsamiro chekusimbisa kugona kusimbisa kuwirirana namashoko nguva dzose, zvikurukuru kukumbira kupfurikidza kupfurikidza kutevedzero kutepfenya mashoko kubva kupfurikidza nebazu.
Zvinetso zvinoshanda zvokutarisira kurongwa kwemisangano zvinorayira zvapupu zvinochinja, zvikurukuru vakuru vakuru vemapazi, zvinogona kuganhurira zvikuru kubudirira kwoutariri.
Basa Rezvirongwa Zvinotsigira Muutariri Hwemasangano
Hofisi Inozvidavirira yeHurumende
Hurumende yeReauncial Accouncition Office (GAO) inobatira sechisakiso chikuru cheCongress yefekitari neraundi, ichigovera kunzvera kwakazvimirira, kusina kubatanidzwa kwepurogiramu dzehurumende nemabasa. GAO inonzvera kunzvera, kunzvera, uye kunzvera pachikumbiro chamatare esangano kana kuti sezvinorairwa nomutemo. Komishinari inorovha zviuru zvenyanzvi dzine unyanzvi mukubhadharwa, mutemo, mutezo wavose, uye mibato yakasiana- siyana yemichina.
Bhuku reGAO rinotsigira kutarisirwa kwesangano nokupa kuongorora kwemasangano, purogiramu inobudirira, uye maererano nezvinodiwa nemitemo. Mishumo yeGAO inowanzoratidza zvinetso mumapurogiramu ehurumende uye inorumbidza zviito zvokururamisa, ichipa Dare mashoko anodiwa kuti ritarisire nokusarudza mitemo.
Basa Rokutsvakurudza reCongress
Congressional Research Service (CRS) inogovera nzvero isina mativi nokunzvera kutsigira mibato yesangano, kubatanidza utarisiri. CRS vanonzvera vanogadzirira mishumo, metaroranda, uye kupfupikisa pamusoro pemhatsa yakasiana-- siyana yenhau dzemitemo, vachibetsera mitezo navashandi kunzwisisa misoro yakaoma uye kuyera kushanda kwesangano. Tsigiro inokosha zvikurukuru nokuda kwokunzwisisa nhau dzeunyanzvi uye kuisa zviwanwa zvetarisiro mumiitiro yakafara.
Hofisi Yemabhajeti YeCongress
Congressonal Baccul Baccultural Office (CBO) inogovera kunzvera kwemari nokurongwa kwemari kunotsigira kutarisirwa kwemibatanidzwa yemari. CBO inonzvera zvikarakadzo zvemari yaPurezidhendi, inofungidzira ndyiko dzemitemo yakakarakadzwa, uye inoyera muuyo wemari yepurogiramu dzehurumende. Iyi rondedzero inobetsera kutarisira mari inoshandiswa nenzvero kana mapurogiramu ari kuitwa mumitengo.
Vaongorori Varwi
Vatungamiriri veIGs vanotonga vari mumasangano makuru anopomerwa kuongorora nokuongorora kuti vaone uye kudzivirira kurasa, kubiridzira, uye kushatisa. Mishumo yeIG inopfuudzwa nguva dzose kuCongress uye kazhinji kazhinji inoumba hwaro hwemabasa okutarisira musangano.
IGs inogona kuziva zvinetso zvingasasvika pangwariro yesangano ndokugovera mashoko ane udzame pamusoro pemibato yesangano inotsigira utarisiri hunobudirira zvikuru.
Kuongorora Kusingacherechedzeki Munhoroondo yeAmerica
Taipot Dome - dame
Nzvero yeTeapot Dome yama 1920 inomirira imwe yenzvero dzapakuvamba dzinokosha zvikurusa dzesangano. Chinonyadzisa chacho chakabatanidza kuderedzwa kwapachivande kwenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mafuta dzehurumende noMunyori weInterior Albert Fall mukutsinhana nokuda kwemiripo yomunhu oga. Kunzvera kweDare kwakafumura ushati hwakapararira ndokutungamirira kuzvitendero zvoutsotsi, kuchiratidzira mano eCongress yokufumura kusazvibata kwebazu ravakuru.
Nzvero yeTeapot Dome yakabudisawo mienzaniso yapamutemo inokosha pamusoro pechiremera chesangano rinoongorora, kubatanidza chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa muMcGrain v. Daughherty inosimbisa simba reCongress kumanikidza ufakazi kupfurikidza namapoka.
Nzvero Yapamvura
Nzvero yeWatergate inomira zvichida senzvero yapamuuyo zvikurusa yemisangano yapashure munhau yeAmerica. Dare Rinosarudza Committee on Presidential Campaiting Activities, yakaiswa pachigaro naSam Ervin, yakakurukura mashoko akakwirira ayo aizivisa mutoo womubato woutsotsi nokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba nehurumende yeNixon. Nzvero pakupedzisira yakaparira kubviswa kwaPrezidhendi Nixon ndokutungamirira kuchinjo huru mumari yenhimbe nemitemo yemitemo yehurumende.
Kunyange zvazvo kuongorora kwacho kwaifumura zvakaipa nokuita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire, kwakasimbisawo zvinetso zvokuongorora purezidhendi akagara uye kukosha kwebatira pamwe yebipartis mukuedza kutarisira.
Iran - Contra Investigation
Nzvero yeIran-Contra yakanzvera kutengeswa kwapachivande kwezvombo zvehurumende yeReagan kuIran uye kudzorwa kwemari yokutsigira vapanduki veNicaragua mupunza ganhuriro dzemitevedzero. Matare eMitezo yeImba neDare akaita kutongwa kukuru uko kwakazivisa chirongwa chakaoma chinobatanidza masangano akawanda navakuru vakuru. Kunzvera kwakamutsa mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pesimba rehurumende, kutarisirwa kwedare rebumbiro-mitemo, uye miganhu yechiremera chapurezidhendi.
Basa RaSeptember 11
Pashure pokurwisa kwemagandanga kwaSeptember 11, 2001, Congress yakagadzira National Commission on Terrist Attacks Under the United States kuti iongorore mamiriro ezvinhu akapoteredza kurwisa kwacho uye kuti irumbidze matanho okudzivirira ugandanga mune ramangwana.
Mushumo wakakwana weCommission wakatungamirira kukuchinja kukuru muuchenjeri nechengeteko yenyika yokumusha, uchiratidza kuti kunzvera kwemisangano kunogona sei kuita kuti muitiro mukuru uchinje kunyange kana ukaitwa kupfurikidza nemitumbi yakazvimirira.
Nhau Dzazvino Uno Pakutarisira Masangano
Kutarisira Munhambo Yokuita Kuti Kuve Nezuva
Makore anoverengeka apfuura ave ari nhambo inokosha yemitemo nemiitiro inodzora utarisiri hwedare.Dare rakaita nzvero dzakasiyana - siyana idzo dzakaita kuti vaparidzi vape ngwariro huru, uye zvose zviri zviviri bazu guru neCongress zvakatanga zvishandiso zvitsva nezvibvumikiso zvapamutemo zvokukwikwidza nharo dzokutarisira. Dare rakapindura mimwe mibvunzo pamusoro poukuru hwesimba rokutarisira nepo vamwe vakasiya vasina kupedzwa.
Kuwedzera kwematongerwe enyika eAmerica kwakatapura zvikuru miitiro yokutarisira kwesangano. Kutarisira kwazova kunotora nzvimbo, nokuongorora kunowanzokamuraniswa mumapoka. Uku kuparadzana kunogona kuderedza kuvimbika nokubudirira kwoutariri nepo kuchikuitawo kwakaoma zvikuru kuwana batira pamwe yebipartis iri madikanwa nokuda kwokunzvera kukuru.
Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nezvinonetsa Munhu Asiri Wake
Kukurukurirana nemabhuku ekombiyuta kunogovera mashoko akawanda anogona kutsigira kutarisira, asi kunomutsawo zvinhu zvinokosha zvinonetsa pamunhu oga.
Kukura kwechiremera chesangano chokuwana zvinyorwa zvekurukurirano dzemagetsi, mashoko esangano resocial media, uye mamwe mashoko emimwe michina kunoramba kuri nzvimbo inochinja yemitemo. Dare richiri kutanga mipimo yokushandisa nayo nheyo dzegamuchidzanwa kuruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwazvino uno, kuchiparira kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pemiganhu yechiremera chekomhembe yesangano renhau muzera remichina.
Kutarisira Mibato Youchenjeri
Matare esangano rinotarisira uchenjeri anotungamirira vanhu vakachenjera, asi basa rawo rinonyanya kuitwa pachivande kuti ridzivirire mashoko akasiyana - siyana. Kuvanza uku kunogona kuita kuti vanhu vasazvidavirira pane zvimwe zvinhu asi kuchiomerawo vamwe veDare kuti vatarisire ungwaru.
Kutarisira kunobudirira nokudiwa kwokudzivirira zvinhu zvine uchenjeri uye nzira dzinoshandiswa kunoramba kuri chinetso.
Kutarisira Simba Rekurumidziro
Kuwedzera kwemasimba evakuru vakuru emamiriro ezvinhu okukurumidzira, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinochengetedzwa nenyika uye dzine utano hwevanhu, kwaita kuti pave nezvinetso zvitsva zvokutarisira.Mapurezidhendi akawedzera kukumbira vakuru vakuru vemamiriro ezvinhu okukurumidzira kuti vaite zvinhu pasina kubvumira kwesangano racho, zvichimutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokusapindira kwemasangano okutarisira zvinhu nokukurumidza.
Kunetsa kunoita vakuru vakuru vehurumende kana zvinhu zvaoma uye kudiwa kwokutarisira musangano uye kuzvidavirira hakugadziriswi mune zvakawanda.
Miitiro Yakanakisisa Yokutarisira Zvirongwa Zvinobudirira
Kushandira Pamwe Kwebipartisa
Apo mativi ose ari maviri anoshanda pamwe chete pakutarisira, kunzvera kunowana kutendeseka kukuru uye sezvingabvira zvikuru kuparira chinjo dzine revo. Kutarisira kweBipartisan kunoitawo kuti kuve kwakaomera zvikuru bazu guru kuramba kunzvera sokurovedza kwokusabvisa.
Kuvaka tsigiro yebipartisan nokuda kwoutariri kunoda kuisa ngwariro panhau duku pane kubvisa betsero yezvamatongerwe enyika.Matare anogadza zvinangwa zvakajeka, zvapamutemo zvokutarisira uye mufambiro wakarurama, kunzvera kwakakwana sezvingabvira zvikuru kuchengetedza tsigiro yebipartisa mugadziriro yacho yose.
Zvinangwa Zvakajeka Nenzvimbo
Kutarisira kunobudirira kunoda vavariro dzakajeka nohukuru. Nzvero dzinotanga nemibvunzo yakananga uye mitauro yakasanonyorwa sezvingabvira zvikuru dzinobudisa miuyo inobetsera kupfuura mibvunzo yakapindwa pachena. Zvinangwa zvakajeka zvinobetserawo kuva nechokwadi chokuti kunzvera kunoramba kwakananga pamadonzo emitemo apamutemo panzvimbo pokupinda munzendo dzokuredza kana kuti kunetsa.
Matare anofanira kubudisa chinangwa chemitemo chokuongorora uye kutsanangura kuti mashoko anenge atsvakwa ane chokuita sei nokushanda kwemitemo kana kuti kutarisira mitemo iripo.
Kunyatsogadzirira
Successful oversight requires thorough preparation, including research into the issues under investigation, careful planning of hearing questions, and strategic use of available information-gathering tools. Committees should leverage support agencies like GAO and CRS to develop expertise on complex issues before conducting hearings or issuing subpoenas.
Kugadzirira kunosanganisirawo kutarisira zvinetso zvepamutemo nezvezvamatongerwe enyika kumabasa okutarisira.Matare anofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti vanotevera miitiro yakafanira, vachengete magwaro akakodzera, uye vatange kururamisa kwepamutemo mibato yavo yokuongorora.
Kushandiswa Zvakanaka Kwekunzwa
Kunzwa kwavanhu kunoshanda mabasa anokosha kupfuura kuungana kwamashoko, kubatanidza kudzidzisa vanhu, kuparira dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwokuchinja, uye kuratidzira ngwariro yesangano kunhau dzinokosha. Zvisinei, kunzwa kunofanira kushandiswa nenzira yakakodzera panzvimbo penzira huru yokunzvera. Zvakawanda zvebasa rokunzvera rine udzame zvinofanira kuitika kupfurikidza nebvunzurudzo dzavashandi, hwirudzuro, uye dzimwe mitoo yavose mishoma, nenzwi dzinoshandiswa kupa zviwanwa nokubvunza zvapupu zvikuru pamusoro pechinyorwa.
Kunzwa kunobudirira kunoda kusarudzwa kwokungwarira kwouchapupu, mibvunzo yakasanogadzirirwa, uye kupiwa kwakajeka kwoufakazi. Matare anofanira kudzivisa kushandisa kunzwa zvikurukuru munhandare yemitambo yezvamatongerwe enyika, sezvo ikoku kuchigona kusekesa kuvimbika kwenhamburiko dzokutarisira.
Tevera Nokuwana
Kutarisira kunobudirira zvikurusa apo kunzvera kunotungamirira kumiuyo chaiyo, kungava kupfurikidza nemitemo, chinjo dzesangano, kana kuti zvimwe chinjo. Matare anofanira kuvamba gadziriro dzokuita pamusoro pezviwanwa zvokunzvera ndokuchengeta dzvinyiriro pamasangano kuti ashandise chinjo dzinorumbidzwa. Kutevera kuva nechokwadi chokuti chinjo dzinoitwa zvomenemene kunokosha nokuda kwokushandura zviwanwa zvokunzvera kuva vandudziko dzine revo mumabasa ehurumende.
Nguva Yemberi Yokutarisirwa Nemagungano
Kuchinjira Kuchinjo Yesayenzi
Sezvo mabasa ehurumende anova emichina neanozvimirira nenzira inowedzera, kutungamirira kwesangano kunofanira kuchinjira kuzvinhu zvitsva. Ikoku kunobatanidza kukura kwounyanzvi muruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu ruri kubuda, kunzwisisa kuti gadziriro dzemichina dzinotapura sei mabasa ehurumende, uye kugadzira miitiro yokutarisira yakakodzera zera remichina. Masangano achafanira kuisa mari muunyanzvi hwemichina ndokugadzira zvishandiso zvitsva zvokutarisira mapurogiramu ehurumende anoshanda.
Kusimbisa Kukwanisa Kuita Zvinhu
Kutarisira kunobudirira muhurumende iri kuramba ichioma kunoda kuti pave nenzvimbo dzakasimba dzokutarisira, izvi zvinosanganisira kushanda kwakakwana kwematare, kutsigirwa zvikuru nemasangano akadai seGAO neCRS, uye kurovedzwa kunopfuurira kwenhengo nevashandi pamaitiro okutarisira uye zvinodiwa nemitemo.
Kudzikamisa Kuona Zviri Pakati Nepakati uye Kuva Zvakavanzika
Kupesana pakati pekujeka nekuvanza zvakavanzika mutarisiro sezvingabvira kuchawedzera sezvo kuraira ruzhinji kwokuva pachena kwehurumende neitiro hanya dzakavanzika kunoramba kuri kunokosha. Dare richada kutanga miitiro iri nani yokutarisira inodzivirira fariro dzapamutemo dzakavanzika apo rinenge richichengeta kuzvidavirira kwavanhu. Ikoku kungabatanidza miitiro yakawedzerwa yokubata mashoko akarongwa, mipimo yakajeka zvikuru nokuda kwezvirevo zvehurumende, uye kuvandudza kushuma pachena pamibato yokutarisira.
Kuchinja Mitoo
Zvinetso zvakatarisana nokusimbisa zvinodikanwa zvazvo zvokunzvera, zvikurukuru zvinopesana navakuru vakuru vebazu, zvinokarakadza kuti chinjo kukushandiswa kwegadziriro dzokuita kuti zvinhu zvive zviri madikanwa. Kuchinja kungabatanidza kuhwirudzurwa kwokutonga kwakarongerwa kwekakavadzano dzesupanangu, mipimo yakajeka nokuda kwezvinotaurwa neropafadzo dzavakuru, kana kuti miitiro yokutarisira yavakuru vakuru vehurumende yakawedzerwa. Kuchinja kwakadaro kungada kudzikamisa kutarisirwa kunobudirira nokuparadzaniswa kwemasimba nerangariro dzinoshanda.
Mugumisiro: Basa Rinokosha Routariri Hwourongwa Hwokutarisira
Nzvero dzeCongress nokutarisira zvinoramba zviri zvikamu zvinokosha zvehurumende yehurumende yeAmerica inosarudzwa navanhu, zvichigovera miitiro inokosha yokuzvidavirira nokuda kwemabasa ebazu anotungamirira uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti hurumende iyoyo inoshanda maererano nomutemo nevavariro. Pasinei zvapo nezvinetso zvinokosha (kubatanidza kusava nesimba kwevakuru vakuru, kubviswa kwenzvimbo, kuganhurirwa kwemipimo yemitemo yemitemo, uye kudzora kwemitemo kunopfuurira kubatira mabasa anokosha mukufumura chakaipa, kuvandudza kushanda kwehurumende, uye kuzivisa migariro yemitemo.
Kubudirira kwokutarisira kunotsamira pazvinhu zvakawanda, kubatanidza kuda kwezvamatongerwe enyika kweCongress kuita nzvero dzakasanorongwa, batira pamwe yamasangano anotungamirira, kuvapo kwepfuma yakakwana nounyanzvi, uye gadziriro yepamutemo inodzora kuongorora. Nepo utariri hwakakwana husingabviri kupiwa ukuru nokuoma kwehurumende yehurumende, kuchengeta simba rakasimba rokutarisira kunoramba kuchikosha nokuda kwokuzvidavirira kwoutongi hwoutongi hunosarudzwa navanhu.
Sezvo hurumende inopfuurira kushanduka - chinja ndokutarisana nedenho itsva, kutungamirira kwesangano kunofanira kuchinjira apo kunenge kuchichengeta mabasa aro makuru. Ikoku kunoda ngwariro inopfuurira kumiitiro yokutarisira, kuisa mari yakakwana muutarisiri, batira pamwe yebipartah apo kunobvira, uye kuzvipira kushandisa masimba anotarisira nenzira ine mufungo uye inobudirira. Nguva yemberi yokutarisira kuchatsamira pakukwanisa kwaChurchmans kudzikamisa izvi zvinodikanwa zvinokwikwidzana nepo achichengeta mabasa makuru okuzvidavirira ayo anoshanda mugadziriro yemitemo yeAmerica.
Nokuda kwevagari vanotsvaka kunzwisisa kuti hurumende yavo inoshanda sei uye kuti kuzvidavirira kunochengetwa sei, zivo yokutarisira kwesangano inokosha. Iyi miitiro, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kazhinji yakaoma uye pane dzimwe nguva ine gakava, inomirira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ichiita basa ravo rebumbiro remitemo kuva nechokwadi chokuti hurumende inobatira fariro yavose uye inoshanda mukati memiganhu yomutemo. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa kunzvera nokutarisira, vagari vemo vanogona kuyera zviri nani basa rehurumende yavo ndokuita kuti vamiririri vavo vakasarudzwa vazvidavirire nokuda kwokuita mitoro yavo.
Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pemiitiro yesangano noutariri, shanyira nzvimbo yewebsite yapamutemo .gov website, inogovera kusvika kumashoko ehurumende, mabasa edare, uye mishumo yedare. Office yeMatarekota inopa mishumo ine udzame pamapurogiramu ehurumende uye basa resangano. Avo vanofarira kukura kwenhau kwokutarisira kwedare rehurumende vanogona kunzvera zviwanikwa pa [[FLT: 4.]U.S House of Firective History, Arts & Archives[FLT], newebromes [FF:5].U.[FFFF]