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Kunzwisisa Mitemo Yapurezidhendi Yechisarudzo Nokugovera Kodzero muAmerica

Kunzwisisa mitemo ine chokuita nesarudzo yapurezidhendi nekodzero dzokuvhota kunokosha nokuda kwokutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira mumuitiro wehurumende. iyi mitemo inosarudza kuti vhoti dzinorongwa sei, dzinoverengwa, uye dzinodzivirirwa, dzichivimbisa kumirira vavhoti vose vakakodzera. Sangano reAmerica rinoshanda kupfurikidza negadziriro yakaoma yemirau yehurumende nehurumende iyo yakavapo mumazana amakore anopfuura maviri, yakaumbwa nokugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo, mutemo wenzvimbo, uye zvinetso zvemitemo zvinopfuurira.

Kodzero yokuvhota inomira seimwe yembiru hurusa dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica, bva yave ichirwiswa nguva dzose, ichikudzwa, uye ichinatswa munhau yose yorudzi. Kuvambira paganhuriro dzokutanga dzakaganhurira kuvhotera kuvachena vane zvinhu kufutunuko yapashoma napashoma kuvakadzi, vashomanene vedzinza, uye vagari vaduku, rwendo kumaruramiro okuvhota enyika yose runoratidzira rwisano inopfuurira kuzadzika chipikirwa choubati ushe hwehurumende chomumiririri wakaenzana.

Nheyo yeBumbiro reMitemo Yechisarudzo chaPrezidhendi

United States Constitution inosimbisa gadziriro huru nokuda kwesarudzo yapurezidhendi, kunyange zvazvo ichisiya udzame hwakawanda kuhurumende uye mutemo wehurumende wakatevera.Chikamu II cheBumbiro reMitemo chakaumba Electoral College, mutoo wechienzi unopfuurira kuumba nzira iyo vaAmerica vanosarudza nayo purezidhendi wavo. Panzvimbo pevhoti yakakurumbira yakananga, sarudzo yapurezidhendi inoitika kupfurikidza negadziriro isina kunanga uko vavhota munyika imwe neimwe vavhoti avo ipapo vakasairira vvumbi vehurumende nokuda kwapurezidhendi nomuteveri mukuru mukuru.

Electoral College ine 538 vavhoti, nyika imwe neimwe ichigoverwa nhamba yavavhoti vakaenzana nenhume dzayo dzose dzinobatanidzwa(8) chitsama chevamiririri vayo nevamiririri. Iyi gadziriro inoreva kuti nyika duku dzine pesvedzero huru pamunhu mumwe nomumwe kupfuura nyika huru, chirongwa chakarongedzwa nevavhota kuti vatsigire zvirongwa zvehurumende dzine vanhu vakawanda uye dzine vanhu vashoma. Kuwana dendertimendity, mutevedzeri anofanira kuchengetedza zvinenge 270, ruzhinji rwezvivhoti.

Kugadziriswa kweBumbiro reMitemo kwakakudza zvikuru uye kwakadzivirira kodzero dzokuvhota nokufamba kwenguva. IPramende ye15th, yakatenderwa muna 1870, yakarambidza kuvhota parudzi, ruvara, kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu ekare okushandira. Simende yeLecedetic Amendment, yakatenderwa muna 1920, kodzero dzokuvhotera vakadzi dzakawedzerwa. Chikamu chamakumi maviri neFourth Amendment, chakasimbiswa muna 1964, chakabvisa mitero yokuvhotera muvhoti yehurumende. Chikamu chamakumi maviri ne8, chakabvumira muna 1971, kuderedza kuvhotera kubva pazera ramakore 21 kusvikira ku18. Iyi migumisiro inomirira kutora mibairo yakakomba mukutora rutivi rwehurumende.

Kupfuudzira kweMitemo Yechisarudzo

Mitemo yechisarudzo inodzora miitiro yokuvhota, kugamuchirwa kwomutevedzeri, uye kubvumidzwa kwemiuyo. Inosiana nehurumende asi yakabatanidzwa nemirau yehurumende inotsvaka kusimudzira kuona nokururamisira. Hurumende yehurumende yakagadza mipimo yakavakirwa painofanira kutevedzerwa nenyika dzose, nepo hurumende dzine chiremera chinokosha chokusarudza ndokugadza zvinodikanwa zvokuwedzera mukati memiganhu yebumbiro remitemo.

Federal Envolution Commission (FEC) inobatira sesangano rokuzvimirira rokutungamirira rakananga rine mutoro wokutarisira nokusimbisa mutemo wezvemari wehurumende. Rakagadzwa muna 1975, FEC inotarisira kuziviswa kwamashoko enhimbe, inomanikidzira ganhuriro dzemipiro nerambidzo, uye inotungamirira purogiramu yemari yavose nokuda kwenhimbe dzapurezidhendi. Komishoni yacho inoita basa rinokosha mukuchengeta kujeka nokuzvidavirira mumuitiro wokusarudza, kunyange zvazvo kushanda kwayo kwave kuri kudzokororwa kukurukurirano inopfuurira.

Mutemo weSarudzo weFederal unosimbisawo mipimo inokosha nemiitiro nokuda kwesarudzo yapurezidhendi. Mutemo weFederal unogadza Chipiri chokutanga pashure poMuvhuro wokutanga muna November seZuva Rokuvhotera nokuda kwehofisi dzehurumende, uchivapo makore mana ari ose nokuda kwesarudzo yapurezidhendi. Electoral College inosangana pakati-December kuti ivhota dzavo dzapamutemo, uye Congress anoisa mavhoti aya muna January 20. Kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi kunoitika musi waJanuary 20th kutevera sarudzo, sezvakarairwa neFendement.

Kupa Kodzero Nezvinodikanwa Zvokuva Akanaka

Kupa kodzero kuvimbisa kuti vagari vemo vakakodzera vanogona kutora rutivi musarudzo pasina mhinganidzo dzisina kufanira. Kazhinji kazhinji, vavhoti vanofanira kusangana nezera, kugara, uye zvinodikanwa zvougari hwemo. Mimwe mitemo inokurukurawo nhau dzakadai semavhoti eini nemiitiro yokunyoresa. Kunzwisisa izvi zvinodikanwa zvinokosha nokuda kwavose vari vaviri vavhoti vanotsvaka kushandisa maruramiro avo navatarisiri vesarudzo vanoshanda kubetsera kutora rutivi apo vachichengeta perero yasarudzo.

Mupimo Wokusagona Kubatwa Nawo

Kuvhota musarudzo yapurezidhendi, vanhu vanofanira kusvitsa zvinodikanwa zvinoverengeka zvikuru. Chokutanga, vavhoti vanofanira kuva vagari veUnited States, kupfurikidza nokuberekwa kana kuti zvimwe kupfurikidza nokuberekwa. Chechipiri, vavhoti vanofanira kuva namakore 18 okukura paZuva roKusarudza. Chechitatu, vavhoti vanofanira kusvitsa zvinodikanwa zvavo zvokugara, izvo zvikurukuru zvinobatanidza kurarama munyika kwenhambo yakatarwa pamberi pekuvhota, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvinodikanwa zvichisiana zvikuru munyika.

Hurumende dzakawanda dzinodawo vavhoti kuti vanyorese zuva rokusarudza risati rasvika, kunyange zvazvo misi yakananga yakasiyana. Dzimwe nyika dzinopa vagari vemo vakakodzera kunyoresa nokuvhota paZuva reSarudzo pacharo. Dzimwe nyika dzinoda kunyoresa vhiki pachine nguva mberi sarudza. Nyika dzakawanda dzakashandisa gadziriro dzokuvhota dzinongozviitikira dzoga, dzinonyoresa vagari vemo pavanoshanda nemasangano ehurumende akadai seDhipatimendi reMor Vehicles, kutonge vasarudza.

Mitemo Yokutsanangura

Zvinodikanwa zvokuzivisa zvinomirira imwe yenharaunda dzinokakavadzana zvikurusa dzomutemo wesarudzo. Miteve yakagamuchira mitoo yakasiana--chinja zvikuru kuidzo dzevhota, kuvambira pazvinodikanwa zvechikwaniriso zveID zvakatsinhano kusvikira kuchinodokushaya chinodikanwa cheID. Vatsigiri vemitemo yezvisarudzo yorumano vanotaura kuti vanodzivisa unyengeri uye vanowedzera chivimbo chavanhu murusarudzo. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti mitemo yakadaro inoremedza zvikuru vavhoti vashomanene, vakwegura, vanhu vanowana vanhu vamwe vanhu, uye mamwe mapoka sezvingabvira kuva nechiratidzo chehurumende.

ID yemifananidzo inoda zvikuru vavhoti kupa chiziviso chemifananidzo yehurumende yakaiswa. Yakadai serezenisi romutyairi kana kuti pasipo, kuti iite chivhoti chesero. Isita yepifoni inokumbira idi yepiyuta asi ibvumidza vavhoti pasina iyo kukanda mitoo yokuwedzera, yakadai sokusaina affidavit. Dzimwe nyika dzinoda kusaratidza kusainwa kwechitupa, zvakadai sepepa rezvokushandisa kana kuti mashoko ebhangi anoratidza zita revongi nekero. Dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisa mitoo isiri youfakazi hwechokwadi, yakadai sechisainidzo kana kuti kutaura mashoko omunhu oga anowirirana nezvinyorwa zvokuvhotera.

Kuodzwa Mwoyo Nokudzorerwa Kwekodzero

United States inodokumira iri yoga pakati penyika dzinosarudzwa navanhu mukuganhurira maruramiro okuvhota nokuda kwavanhu vane mhaka. VaAmerica vanenge mamiriyoni 5,2 vanorambwa nemhaka yemhosho dzakapara mhaka, kunyange zvazvo mitemo yehurumende ichisiyana zvikuru. Dzimwe nyika dzinodzorera maruramiro okuvhota nokukurumidza pakusunungurwa mutorongo, nepo dzimwe dzichiisa nhambo dzokumirira kana kuti dzinoda kupedzwa kwokuvadziko yokubvisa nokuchengeta. Nyika shomanene dzinobvisa zvechigarire vanhu vane mhaka dzakati kutoti vagamuchira kanganwirwa jabhureri kana kuti kudzorerwa kodzero dzavo somunhu oga kupfurikidza nechikumbiro.

Iyi mitemo yenyika inoparira nyongano huru nekusaenzana. Mitengo miviri, Maine naVermont, inobvumira vanhu kuvhota kunyange apo vanenge vari mutorongo. Nyika zhinji dzinodzorera kodzero dzokuvhota nenzira ichiziva hayo kana kuti kupedzwa kwekusunungurwa. Dzimwe nyika dzinoda dzimwe nhanho, dzakadai sokubhadhara faindi yose nebhadharo kana kuti kumirira nguva yakatarwa. Kuoma kwezvinodikanwa izvi zvakasiyana - siyana kunoreva kuti vavhotera vakawanda vane zvitendero zvekare vanoramba vasingazivi kuti kodzero dzavo dzokuvhota dzakadzorerwa.

Mutemo Wekodzero Dzenyika Unopiwa Nomutemo

Kubudirira uku kwemitemo yemitemo kunomiririra kuedza kuwedzera mukana wokuvhota, kudzivisa rusaruro, uye kuita kuti zvisarudzwe. Kunzwisisa mitemo iyi kunobatsira pakukakavadzana kwazvino uno pamusoro pekodzero dzokuvhota uye kuchinja mavhoti.

Murayiro Wokutsigira Kodzero Wa1965

Voing Rights Act ya1965 inomira sechimwe chezvikamu zvinokosha zvikurusa zvemitemo yekodzero dzevanhu munhau yeAmerica. Yakaziviswa mukati moukuru hwesangano rekodzero dzevanhu, mutemo wakarongerwa kukurira mhinganidzo dzapamutemo pahurumende uye mwero yomunzvimbomo idzo dzakadzivisa vaAmerica veAfrica kushandisa kodzero yavo yokuvhota seyakavimbiswa nePendezho. Act yakarambidza kusarura madzinza mumiitiro yokuvhota uye yakagovera utarisiri hwehurumende hwezvirongwa zvechisarudzo muhurumende nenhau dzerusarura.

Gadziriro ine simba zvikurusa yeVoting Rights Act yakanga iri Chikamu 5, icho chaida nyika dzakati nenharaunda nenhau dzetsarudzo kuti vawane kurongwa kwehurumende kusati kwashandisa chinjo dzipi nedzipi kumitemo yavo yokuvhota kana kuti miitiro. Ichi chinodikanwa chapamberi pezvi chadzivisa chinjo dzokuvhota dzisati dzagona kuitwa, panzvimbo pokuda kuti kutemwa kwenguva refu pashure peidi. Chikamu 4(b) chakasarudza kuti ihupi hudzo hwaifanira kuva hwakavakirwa pakushandiswa kwemiedzo yokuvhota uye mwero yakaderera yokunyoresa vhoti kana kuti kunyoresa kwapavhoti yakaderera muma197063.

Muna 2013, chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa muShelby County v. Honger yakashandura zvikuru mutemo weVoting Rights Act. Dare rakagumisa nzira yokupedzisa nayo muchikamu 4(b), richibvisa zvinonyatsodiwa nokuti hapana mitemo yaigona kudzorwa nayo. Dare rakaramba richitaura kuti muitiro wacho wakanga wakavakirwa pamashoko ekare saka rakaputsa nheyo dzehurumende dzakafanana. Dare harina kugadzirisa chitsama, richisiya Chikamu 5 chichishanda pasinei nokuti mabhuku asara anoshandiswa.

Chikamu 2 cheVoing Rights Act chinoramba chiri kushanda uye chinopfuurira kugovera dziviriro dzinokosha pakuvhota. Iyi gadziriro inorambidza muitiro upi noupi wokuvhota kana kuti muitiro uyo unosarura pahwaro hwedzinza, ruvara, kana kuti mitezo muboka romutauro muduku. Kusafanana neChikamu 5, Chikamu 2 chinoshanda munyika yose uye chinobvumira kuisirwa mhaka pashure pokunge muitiro wokuvhota waitwa. Zvisinei, Chikamu 2 chitsauko chinowanzova nguva yakawanda zvikuru uye chinodhura kupfuura muitiro wepamberitari pasati vhurwa, uye miitiro yokuendesa uparidzo ingaramba iripo mukati mechiito chedare refu.

Murayiro Wokunyoresa WeNational Voter wa 1993

National Voter Briedition Act ya 1993, inozivikanwa navose se "Mutengi," inopfavisa muvhoti kupfurikidza nemikoto yakasiana- siyana kuwedzera kutora rutivi muvhoti dzehurumende. Mutemo unoda kuti nyika dzipe mikana yokuvhota apo vanhu vanonyorera kana kuti kuvandudzazve marezenisi okutyaira. Mutemo unodawo kuti nyika dzibvumire kunyoreswa neposi uye kunyoresa kumasangano evoruzhinji uye mahofisi anobatira vanhu vane urema.

Mutemo uyu wakawedzera zvikuru kunyoresa kwevhoti nokuibatanidza nekurukurirano yenguva dzose nemasangano ehurumende.Panzvimbo pokuda kuti vagari vemo vaite nzendo chaidzo dzokunyoresa kuvhota, Mutemo we Motor Voter Act wakaunza masangano okunyoresa kunzvimbo dzinotoshanyirwa nevanhu nokuda kwezvimwe zvinangwa. Mutemo wacho wakatangawo kudzivirira zvinokosha kuvavhoti vakanyoreswa, kusanganisira zvinodiwa kuti vachengetedze mapepa anonyoresa zvakarurama uye zvinorambidzwa kuti vabvise vavhoti mumapepa.

National Voter Briebration Act inobatanidza gadziriro dzakananga dzinotonga apo uye kuti hurumende dzingabvisa sei vavhoti munhevedzo. Mitengo inofanira kugadzira gadziridzo yenguva dzose yamapepa anovhota kuti ibvise vanhu vakafa, vakatamiswa, kana kuti vava vasingakwanirisi kuvhota. Zvisinei, Mutemo unorambidza gadziriro dzokubvisa purogiramu dzakarongwa mukati mamazuva 90 echisarudzo chehurumende kudzivisa vavhoti vakakodzera kubviswa nenzira yenhema pedyo zvikuru neZuva reSarudzo. United States inofanirawo kugovera chiziviso nemukana rokururamisa zvikanganiso zvipi nezvipi nezvipi zvisati zvabviswa mumarobhoti.

Kubatsira kwa2002 Kunoitwa neAmerica

Help America Vote Act ya2002 (HARVA) inoita kuti zvirongwa zvokuvhota zvive zvazvino uno uye inovandudza kutarisirwa kwesarudzo mukupindura zvinetso zvakafumurwa mukati mesarudzo yapurezidhendi ya 2000. Nhamba yeFlorida inomutsa kuperevedza kwakakomba muruzivo rwokuvhota, gadziriro dzokuvhota, uye miitiro yesarudzo. HAVA yakakurukura nhau idzi kupfurikidza nokugadza mipimo miduku kupfurikidza nokugadza dare rokuvhota, ichigovera mari yehurumende yokutsiva zvishandiso zvokuvhota zvechinyakare, uye kuumba Ecompution Application Commis Commis.

HAVA yakada nyika kutsiva kadhi rokuvhota nechibhakera nemichina yokuvhota nayo, yakanga yabvumikisa kuva chinetso muna 2000, nemiitiro yokuvhota yazvino uno neyakavimbika. Mutemo wakagovera mabhiriyoni emadhora mumari yehurumende kubetsera nyika kutenga zvishandiso zvitsva zvokuvhota nokuvandudza urongwa hwekuvhota. Nyika dzakadikanirwa kutanga mapepa okunyoresa ehurumende akanyoreswa pakombiyuta kuti dzivandudze kururama uye kuti dzidzivise kunyoresazve. Mutemo wakarairawo kuvhotera kwechirongwa, uchibvumira vanhu vane kubvunzurudzwa kuti varavidze shoo ichaverengwa kana vazowana kuvimbika.

Evolution Application Commission (EAC), yakagadzirwa na HAVA, inobatira seimba inochenesa nyika nokuda kwamashoko pamusoro pegadziriro yokuvhota nokuzvidira. EAC inogadzira nhungamiro dzegadziriro yokuvhota, kuedza ndokusimbisa zvishandiso zvokuvhota, inonzvera nhau dzezvisarudzo, uye inopa nhungamiro kuhurumende nevakuru vakuru vezvisarudzo vomunzvimbomo. Nepo mipimo yeEAC iri yokuzvidira panzvimbo yechinodikanwa, yakapesvedzera zvikuru kukura nokugamuchirwa kwemichina yokuvhota mupasi munyika yose.

Mitemo Yemitemo Yehurumende Yokusarudza Nemhatsa

Nepo mutemo wehurumende uchitanga zvinodikanwa zvapakuvamba nedziviriro, hurumende dzinochengeta chiremera chikuru pakutarisirwa kwesarudzo. Ichi chirongwa chehurumende chinoguma nemhatsa huru mumiitiro yokuvhota, zvinodikanwa zvokunyoresa, uye kugamuchirwa kwehurumende mudzimwe nyika dzine makumi mashanu. Kunzwisisa iyi misiyano yenzvimbo yehurumende kunokosha nokuda kwavavhoti, vada kubhapatidzwa, uye munhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa tsika yokusarudza yeAmerica.

Zvikamu Zvinonyoresa Zvisina Kutsarukana Nezvirongwa

Misi inotarwa yokunyoresa kwehurumende inovambira pakunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero kusvikira kumazuva 30 pamberi pesarudzo. Nyika dzinopfuura 20 neRuwa rweColumbia zvino dzinopa kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero, kuchibvumira vagari vemo vakakodzera kunyoresa nokuvhota pazuva rimwe chetero, zvimwe mukati mekuvhota kana kuti paZuva reSarudzo rimene. Nzvero inoramba ichiratidza kuti kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero kunowedzera muvhoti, zvikurukuru pakati pavanhu vaduku, vanhu vakaderera, uye avo vachangobva kutama.

Dzimwe nyika dzinoda kunyoresa nenhambo isati yasvika Zuva Rokusarudza, zvikurukuru rinobvira pamazuva 15 kusvikira ku30 pachine nguva mberi iyi miganhu yokunyoresa yakaitirwa kupa vakuru vakuru vesarudzo nguva yokunyoresa, kuvhura mapepa anovhota, uye kugadzira mabhuku okuvhota akarurama.

Nyika dzakawanda dzakashandisa mavhotai anongoerekana ava mavhota, anonyoresa vagari vemo vakakodzera pavanenge vachishandira pamwe nemasangano ehurumende akasarudzwa. Oregon akava nyika yokutanga kutora AVR muna 2015, uye dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzakatevera. Kunyoresa kunoitwa nemunhu kwakabudirira zvikuru pakuwedzera mapepa anovhota uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mashoko okunyoresa anoramba aripo sezvo vanhu vanofamba kana kuti kuchinja mazita avo.

Kutanga Kufarira uye Kuramba Kuchigadzirwa

Nyika dzinopfuura 40 dzinopa rudzi rwakati rwokuvhota rwokukurumidza nokuda kwokuvhota nokusaenda. Kuvhota kwokukurumidza kunobvumira vavhota vakanyoreswa kukanda mavhoti mumunhu pamberi poMusi Wokusarudza, zvikurukuru panzvimbo dzakarongwa mukati menhambo yakatarwa. Dzinopfuura nyika 40 dzinopa chimiro chakati chokuvhota chapakuvamba, kunyange zvazvo urefu hwenhambo yokutanga yenhambo yokuvhota uye kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzokuvhotera kwokukurumidza zvichisiyana zvikuru. Dzimwe nyika dzinogovera mavhiki anoverengeka okuvhotera nenzvimbo dzakaganhurirwa, nepo dzimwe dzinopa mazuva mashomanene bedzi panzvimbo dzakaganhurirwa.

Vhota rebhoti, rinonziwo muvhota kana kuti povhota pafoni, rinobvumira vavhoti kugamuchira ndokuisa mavhoti neposi panzvimbo pokuvhota mumunhu. Nyika dzinopinda mumapoka anoverengeka pamusoro pokuvhota kusiiwa. Dzimwe nyika dzinoita sarudzo chose chose nepositi, dzinotumira mabhora kuvose vakanyoresa. Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira muvhoti upi noupi akanyoresa kukumbira muvhoti aibhadhasi asipo pasina kugovera chikonzero, tsika pane dzimwe nguva inonzi "no - exce" kuvhotasirwa kwousipo. Dzimwe nyika dzinodawo kuti vhotera vagose pembedzo inokwa, zvakadai sokuva kunze kwetaundi rose rakanyoreswa, vane urema, kana kuti vanopfuura zera rakati, kuvhotera pasina kuvhota.

DEPU reCovid-19 rakawedzera zvikuru kuwanda kwokuvhota tsamba, sezvo nyika dzakatsvaka kugovera zvisarudzo zvakakotsekana mukuvhota mukati menjodzi youtano hwavanhu. Nyika zhinji dzakawedzera kuwanika kwechinguvana kana kuti kwechigarire kuvarongi vasipo, uye kuvhota tsamba kwakasvika mwero isingaenzaniswi mujambwa rama 2020 rapurezidhendi. Uku kuwedzera kwakamutsa gakava rezvamatongerwe enyika pamusoro pechengeteko neperero zvokuvhota, pasinei zvapo nokunzvera kukuru kunoratidza kuti kuvhota kunoitwa nomuvhoti kunoramba kunoramba kunoitwa pasina kuonekwa pasinei zvapo nomutoo wekuvhotera.

Kuwana Bharuti Negadziriro Dzokusarudza Huru

Mitezo inogadza mitemo yayo imene yokuti vadaviri vanokwaniriswa sei nokuda kwechirongwa chapurezidhendi uye kuti mapato ezvamatongerwe enyika anosarudza sei vatendi vavo. Sarudzo huru namabudisi zvinoitika pamisi yakasiana - siana munyika mumativi ose, kuchitanga muitiro wokuisa zvigaro zvakatanhamara unoratidzira nhimbe dzapurezidhendi weAmerica. Mitezo inosarudza kana ichifanira kuita sarudzo huru kana kuti masangano, uye inosarudza kana aya makwikwikwi akaza akazarukira kuvavhoti vose kana kuti akaganhurirwa kumitezo yebato yakanyoreswa.

Vavhoti vapavhura vanobvumira muvhoti upi noupi akanyorwa kutora rutivi muchinhu chikuru chebato rimwe nerimwe, kunyange zvazvo vavhoti vanogona bedzi kuvhota mubato guru. Dzinovhara dzinoganhurira kutora rutivi kuvavhoti vane vabati vakuru. Vavhoti vanovharwa kana kuti vasingapindi kaviri vanowira pakati, kazhinji kazhinji vanobvumira vavhoti vasina kubatanidzwa kutora apo vanenge vabvisa vavhoti vakanyorwa nevamwe vanhu. Masangano mashomanene anoshandisa masangano makuru maviri kana kuti mana, umo vavhoti vose vanooneka pabhoti huru imwe uye mavhoti apamusoro vanosvika kurusarudzo rwapamusoro kunzvimbo inovhotera pasineiwirira ruzhinji.

Nokuda kwesarudzo yavose, vadari vedare ravapurezidhendi vanofanira kukwanirisa nokuda kweroti munyika imwe neimwe, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nokupa zvikumbiro nenhamba dzinodikanwa dzezvisaini kana kupfurikidza nokuiswa pasi pezvisakiso nebato rezvamatongerwe enyika rakakwaniriswa. Vada kufunda vazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanotarisana nemhinganidzo shomanene kukupinda, asi vapamberi vechitatu navanozvimirira vanowanzoparapatika kuti vasvitse zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana. Iyi mitemo yokupinda inodzora nomutoo wakajeka gadziriro yokupinda muAmerica yezvikamu zviviri kupfurikidza nokuita kuti kuomere nokuda kwevakidzani vanopinda mutsinhano nenzira inobudirira.

Mitemo Yemari Yenhimbe Nezvisarudzo Zvapurezidhendi

Mitemo yezvemari yehurumende inodzora nzira iyo vakwikwidzi vehurumende vanosimudza nayo uye vanoshandisa nayo mari, vachivavarira kudzivisa uori nokusimudzira kujeka nepo vachiremekedza kodzero dzeFirst Amendment. Mari yemitemo inodzora yakachinja zvikuru mumakumi amakore anoverengeka apfuura, yakaumbwa nomutemo wedare, mirau yeFederal Ecomment Commission, uye zvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusoro Zvikuru zvakachinja zvikuru kushandiswa kwemari yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Miganhu Yezvipo Nezvinodikanwa Zvokupa Mubayiro

Mutemo weFederal unogadza ganhuriro pamusoro pokuti vanhu vamwe navamwe namasangano vanogona kupa zvakananga kuvadavidzi namapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika. Vapi vamwe navamwe vanogona kugovera kusvikira ku $3,300 pasarudzo kumudaviriri woupurezidhendi (sokwa2024, neganhuriro yakagadziridzwa panhambo nenhambo nokuda kwokukwira kwemitengo), sarudzo huru neyavose inoverengwa zvakaparadzana. Vanhu vamwe navamwe vanogonawo kugovera zvitsama zvakaganhurirwa kumatare ebato rezvamatongerwe enyika namatare (PAC).

Kombiyuta namasangano evashandi anorambidzwa kuita mipiro yakananga kuvatendi vehurumende, kunyange zvazvo ivo vachigona kutanga mari yakaparadzana inosarurwa (PAC) iyo inokumbira mipiro yokuzvidira kubva kuvashandi kana kuti mitezo. Idzi PC dzinogona ipapo kupa kuvanoda kutemwa mukati memiganhu yakatangwa. Kongichani dzinorambidzwawo kuita mipiro kuvatendi vehurumende, mapoka, kana kuti vaPCs.

Zvinodikanwa zvokurambira zvinoraira kuti nhimbe dzapurezidhendi dzizivise mashoko ane udzame pamusoro pokuronga nokushandisa kwavo mari kuFederal Ecommution Commission. Mishumo yemishumo inofanira nguva dzose kuzivisa vapi vanopa mari inopfuura $200 (Z $6, 000) kubatanidza mazita avo, kero, mabasa, uye vashandirwi. aya anoitwa kuti awanike pachena, achibvumira vatori venhau, vatsvakurudzi, uye vagari vemo kuronda manyuko ezvirongwa zvechirongwa uye kuziva kusawirirana kungabvira kwechirongwa.

Mapaundi makuru Nezvinonetsa

Chisarudzo cheDare rapamusoro re 2010 muCitizens United v. Federal Envotion Commission yakashandura zvikuru mutemo wemari yemari kupfurikidza nokuti hurumende haigoni kuganhurira ndyiko dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzakazvimirira kupfurikidza namasangano evashandi, uye mamwe masangano. Chisarudzo ichi chakatungamirira kukuumbwa kwemapato makurusa ePUC(*) asingashandiswi mari bedzi inogona kumutsa mari isina kuganhurirwa kubva kuvanhu vamwe navamwe, masangano, uye masangano okushandisa pamibato yezvamatongerwe enyika, chero bedzi asingabatani nevanofunda kana kuti mabato.

MaPUFF mahombe azova vatambi vakuru mukusarudza kwapurezidhendi, kazhinji kazhinji vachipedzera mazana amamirioni amadhora pakushambadzira nokumwe kushambadza. Nepo maPAC makuru asingagoni kubetsera zvakananga kuvadaviri uye anorambidzwa pamutemo kuronga nhimbe, vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti musiyano pakati pendyiko dzinozvimirira uye mubato unotsinhirana wave wakadzikamiswa. Vatsigiri vanoomerera kuti paPCs hurusaro inosimudzira kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika uye inobvumira nokuda kwekurukurirano yavose huru pamusoro pevadaviriri nenhau.

Mapoka akasviba emari akarongwa se 501(c) (4) masangano enzanga kana kuti 501(c) (6) masangano ezvokutengeserana (6) angashandisawo mari paminamato yezvamatongerwe enyika pasina kuzivisa vapi. Kusafanana nePACIS, ayo anofanira kuzivisa migove yawo, aya masangano asingapinduri anogona kuchengeta vapinduri vawo vakavanzika apo anenge achipedza mari mukupa chinyorwa chemari uye, muzvimwe zviitiko, anoratidza kunyorwa kwemari yerima nokuda kana kuti vanorwisana nayo. Basa remari muvhotanuro rakamutsa itiro huru pamusoro pokuvakwa kwadzoka nokuzvidavirira mugadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kubhadharwa Kwavose Kwenhimbe DzaPurezidhendi

Purezidhendi Public Funding Program, yakagadzwa muma 1970 pashure pechinyadziso cheWatergate, inogovera mari yavose kukwanirisa vakwikwidzani vapurezidhendi avo vanobvuma kuganhurira mari yavo ndokurarama mukuwirirana nezvimwe zvinodikanwa. Purogiramu inobatanidza mari inowirirana nokuda kwavada kukwidza mipiro miduku yakakwana yezuva rinopfumbadzwa ndokusvitsa mimwe mipimo, pamwe chete nokupa kuboka guru ravanosarudzwa nokuda kwechisarudzo chavose.

Zvisinei, gadziriro yokushandisa mari yavose yazova isiri chinhu zvikuru munhevedzo dzesarudzo dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi. Mitengo inovapo nokugamuchira mari yavose yakaderera zvikuru kana ichienzaniswa nezvingaitwa nevanoda kukwikwidzana pachivande. Chifo cha 2008, vapfumi vakuru vebato vakaramba kutsigira mari yavose nokuda kwesarudzo, panzvimbo pezvo kusarudza kuunganidza mari yavanhu vasina muganhu. Kuderera kwegadziriro yacho kwakanyandura kugadziridza kuti pave nechisarudzo chinoshanda chinobatsira ruzhinji chingagona kuderedza kutsamira pavoruzhinji pavapi vakawanda.

Kuchengetedza Kusarudza uye Kuperera

Kutsigira kuchengeteka uye kuvimbika kwesarudzo yapurezidhendi kwazova itiro hanya yakatanhamara zvikuru mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya. Kuchengeteka kwekusarudza kunobatanidza dziviriro pakudzongonyedzwa kwenyika dzokumwe, kuchengeteka kwegadziriro dzokuvhota nenzvimbo, kudziviswa kwokuvhota, uye kuchengetedzwa kwechivimbo chavose muzvisarudzo. Kunzwisisa matanho aripo kudzivirira sarudzo, pamwe chete nezvinetso zvinopfuurira, zvinokosha nokuda kwokutora noruzivo kwenzanga.

Chengeteko Yetsika Yokufambisa Mashoko Nounyanzvi Hwokugadzira Zvinhu

Gadziriro dzokuvhota dzazvino uno dzinoshandisa unyanzvi hwakasiana, imwe neimwe ine mavara echengeteko akasiyana. Gadziriro dzokuvhota dzepepa, kubatanidza zvirongwa zvepepa zvinoiswa chiratidzo chamaoko zvinobudisa mapepa anonyorwa, zvinogovera chinyorwa chaichoicho chinogona kuongororwa ndokurondedzerwa kana kuri madikanwa. Michina yokuvhotera isina mapepa yazova isina kutenderwa zvikuru nemhaka yefunganyo pamusoro pokuva kwayo kwoutera kuputsanya uye kusabvira kwezvirongwa zvokunzvera zvine revo pasina mapepa.

Nyanzvi dzezvokuvhota dzinorumbidza zvakasimba kuti gadziriro dzose dzokuvhota dziite nzira inovhota inopindwa yepepa inogona kushandiswa kunzvera miuyo yesarudzo. Kunzvera kwePfuti, zvikurukuru miraudzo yemitengo yengozi iyo inoshandisa mitoo yemipimo kubvumikisa miuyo, inogovera ufakazi hunokosha hwokuti vhoti dzemagetsi dzinoratidzira zvakarurama vavariro yomuvhoti. Masangano mazhinji akavamba kuda kutora mapepa nokushandisa miitiro yokunzvera yakasimba, kunyange zvazvo mikaha yakatanhamara ichiri mumitezo yemitemo yemitemo yetsika.

Kushanda kwesarudzo kunopfuura michina yokuvhota kuti ibatanidze mapepa okunyoresa, masangano esarudzo usiku anoshuma, uye mibatanidzwa inobatanidza zvinhu zvakasiyana- siyana zvokutungamirira shoo. Department of Homeland Security yakasarudzwa sezvirongwa zvinokosha muna 2017, ichigonesa kutsigirwa nehurumende nokuda kwehurumende uye vakuru vakuru vesarudzo vomunzvimbomo. Iyi tsigiro inobatanidza kutyisidzira kugoveranwa kwouchenjeri, kunzvera kweIndaneti, uye betsero yemichina kuvandudza chimiro chechengeteko.

Kudzivirira Nokuwana Kubiridzira Kwemagwenya

Kubiridzira kwapachivande kusiri pamutemo kunoitwa navavhoti vasingachinjiki kana kuti kuiswa kwevavhoti vakawanda nemuvhoti mumwe chete. Nzvero huru nenzvero nguva dzose zvakawana kuti kubiridzira vavhoti kunoitika pamwero usinganzwisisiki, wakaderera zvikuru zvokusagona kutapura miuyo yevhoti. Kushata kwokuvhota kunoratidzira zvose zviri zviviri kushanda kwedziviriro dziripo nokusashanda kwomuzvarirwo kwokuita utsotsi pamwero waizoparira.

Mibatanidzwa mizhinji yedziviriro pakudzivirira kutsoropodzwa kwavavhoti. Gadziriro dzokunyoresa dzinosimbisa kusafanana pamberi pokuwedzera vanhu pamapepa. Vashandi vanonzvera muvhoti kana kuti kunzvera mashoko omuvhoti munzvimbo dzokuvhota. Miitiro yokusimbisa ufakazi inohwirudzura kusaina kwesinosino inopesana nezvinyorwa zvokunyoresa. Mapepa anonyoresa ehurumende yose anodzivisa kunyoreswazve kudzorwazverwa kwehurumende. Zvirango zveutsotsi nokuda kwokuvhota, kubatanidza kuiswa mutorongo kwapanoitika nafashoni, zvinogovera zviteshi zvakasimba.

Nepo kuvhota kusingawanzoitika, kudzongonyedza kwevhoti kunoitwa nevakuru vakuru kana kuti vamwe vari munzvimbo dzechiremera kunoratidza kuti kubiridzira kwechisarudzo kunokosha zvikuru. Kudzokororwa kwechisarudzo kunogona kuva nezvimiro zvakasiyana - siyana, kubatanidza kudzorwa kwezviverengero zvevhoti, kana kuti kudzongonyedzwa nokunyoreswa kwevhoti. Kudzivirira pakubiridzira kunobatanidza miitiro yekodzero yokuchengeta mwana yavana, vasarudzo, vabhipatrisan kana kuti vamiri vasarumbi, vacherechedzi vanoona nokuvhota, uye vavhotera vasarutsi kuti vawa kuti vaone migumisiro.

Kupindirana Kwedzimwe Nyika Nokusawirirana

Kupindira mune dzimwe nyika muvhota kunobva kuAmerica kwakatanga sechinhu chikuru chinonetsa pashure pezvirongwa zvokutsigira kusarudzwa kwapurezidhendi weRussia.Kupindira uku kwaisanganisira kurwisa kwemakombiyuta pamasangano ezvematongerwe enyika, kuedza kuputsa zvirongwa zvesarudzo, uye kurwisa kusingadzoreki muzvikamu zvemasangano anobudisa nhau. Sarudzo dzakatevera dzakaona kuedza kupfuurira kwakaitwa nevavengi vokune dzimwe nyika kupindira muhurumende yeAmerica nenzira dzakasiyana - siyana.

Kudzivirira pakudzongonyedzwa kwenyika dzino kunze kunoda nzira yakagadzirwa nemativi akawanda. Kutora kwapaIndaneti kunodzivirira zvirongwa zvokusarudza uye masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika pakuedza kukanganisa. Masangano enjere anoongorora kudzongonyedza kwedzimwe nyika uye anopa mashoko anotyisidzira vakuru vakuru vesarudzo uye makambani. Masangano ezvokushandira masangano enzanga akaita miitiro yokuziva nokubvisa pesvedzero dzokumwe, kunyange zvazvo kubudirira kweidzi nhamburiko dzedzidzo dzavose kuchingori kuitirwa nharo. Makambani edzidzo avose anovavarira kubetsera vavhotera kuzivikanwa nokudzivisa kushatirwa.

Kupararira kwemashoko okusarudza anopesana, kungava kwokumwe kana kuti kwomusha, kunopa denho huru kurusarudzo. Kutaura kwenhema pamusoro pemiitiro yokuvhota, miuyo yesarudzo, kana kuti kugamuchirwa kunogona kusekesa chivimbo chavanhu mukuvhota uye kudzvinyirira muvhoti. Kurwisa kubvisa kodzero dzokutaura nopo kuchiva nechokungwarira kunoda kudzikamisa uye kubatanidza nhamburiko dzehurumende, masangano ezvinobudisa nhau, uye mapoka enzanga.

Kuwana Nokugara Kwevagadziri Vemabhuku Vane Urema

Mutemo weFederal unoda kuti sarudzo dzisvike kuvavhoti vane urema, kuva nechokwadi chokuti vagari vose vakakodzera vanogona kushandisa maruramiro avo okuvhota vazvimirira uye vari voga. VaAmerica vane Ruhasha Act (ADA) uye Help America Vote Act vatange dziviriro dzinokosha nezvinodikanwa zvokuvhota kunowanika, kunyange zvazvo kuita nokuchengeta zvichiramba zviri denho dzinopfuurira.

HAVA inoda kuti nzvimbo imwe neimwe yokuvhota ine inenge gadziriro imwe yokuvhota iyo inowanika kuvavhoti vane urema hwokuona, kubatanidza avo vane urema hwokuona, uye iyo inogovera banza rimwe chetero rokupinda nokutora, kubatanidza kuva voga nokuzvimirira, izvo vamwe vavhotera vanogamuchira. Gadziriro dzinowanika dzinobatanidza mativi akadai serocking collets, shoo dzinodzorwa, urefu hwakagadziridzwa neengile, uye kuwirirana nemichina inobetsera.

Kuwanika kwenzvimbo dzokuvhota kunodiwawo pasi peADA. Nzvimbo dzokushambadzira dzinofanira kuva dzinosvikwa kuvavhooti vanoshandisa mawiricheya kana kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvokufambisa, nemativi akadai separera panosvikika, magedhi kana kuti misuo yakakwirira, misuo yakafara zvakakwana nokuda kwewiricheya, uye zviteshi zvokuvhota pakakwirira. Vakuru vakuru vedare vanofanira kunzvera nzvimbo dzokuvhotera kuti dziwanike uye dzigadziridze nzvimbo dzadzinofanira kuiswa panzvimbo dzadzinofanira kuiswa.

Vasaremara vane kodzero yokugamuchira betsero mukuvhota kana kuchidikanwa. Vavhota vanogona kuunza mumwe munhu wechisarudzo chavo chokuvabetsera kuvhota, kana kuti vanogona kukumbira betsero kuvashandi vevhoti. mamwe masangano anogovera nzvimbo yokugara yokuwedzera, yakadai sokuvhota panze pemitemo nokuda kwavavhoti vasingagoni kupinda munzvimbo inovhota, kana kuti miitiro yokuvhota yapangwa chaivo yokuvhota nokuda kwavavhotera vane urema husingagoni kuvhota.

Kubatsira Mutauro Nekodzero Dzokusarudza

Voing Rights Act inobatanidza gadziriro dzinokosha dzinodzivirira kusvika kwomutauro wevagari vashoma. Chikamu 203 chinoda masangano akati kuti ape zvokuvhota nokubetsera mumitauro isati iri yechiNgezi apo boka duku romutauro rinosangana nezvikumbaridzo zvakati zvevagari vemo veEngland vane unyanzvi. Zvinodikanwa izvi zvinovimbisa kuti vagari vemo vane unyanzvi vashoma vanogona kutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira mumuitiro wekusarudza.

Hurumende dzinodzorwa dzinofanira kugovera zvishandiso zvokunyoresa, mavhota, mirayiridzo yokuvhota, uye mamwe mashoko esarudzo mumutauro muduku unoshanda. Anofanirawo kugovera betsero yomutauro, kubatanidza vashandi vevhota vanotaura mitauro miviri kana kuti vaturikiri, kuti vabetsere vavhoti kunzwisisa ndokupedza mutoo wokuvhota. Mitauro inowanzobatanidza chiSpain, chiChina, chiVietnamese, chiKorea, uye mitauro yeNative America, zvichitsamira pauwandu hwemiteve yemimwe mativi.

Zvinodikanwa zveyamuro yemitauro zvinosarudzwa pamitemo yeCunity uye zvinovandudzwa panhambo nenhambo. Nzvimbo inodzorwa kana inopfuura 10 000 kana kuti inopfuura 5 muzana yavagari vemo vemo veboka rimwe romutauro mushoma, ine unyanzvi hushoma hweChirungu, uye ine mwero wokusagona kunyora nokunyora wakakwirira kupfuura avhareji yenyika. Izvi zvinodikanwa zvinoshanda kumazana edzorefu munyika yose, kuvimbisa kuti mamirioni emitauro mishomanene anogona kupinda mubhorati.

Mauto Nemakungwa Anopenya

Gadziriro chaidzo dzinoita kuti nhengo dzebasa rehondo nevanhuwo zvavo vokune dzimwe nyika vagone kutorawo sarudzo yapurezidhendi pasinei nokuti vari kure nehurumende dzavo.

UOCAVA inoda nyika kubvumira vavhoti vehondo navapamhiri kwamakungwa kunyoresa nokukumbira marobhoti anosiiwa achishandisa Federal Post Card Summission, chimiro chakatevedzerwa icho chinobatanidza muitiro wacho mudzimwe nyika dzakasiana. Nyika dzinofanira kupfuudza mabhora akashaikwa kuUOCAVAvhotation anenge mazuva 45 pamberi pesarudzo dzehurumende, kuchigovera nguva yakakwana nokuda kwamabhora okusvika kune imwe mhiri kwamakungwa ndokudzorerwa. Masangano mazhinji zvino anopa kupfuudzwa kwemagetsi kwezvokuendesa zvirongwa kuhondo nechivhoti namakumwe makunge makunge makungwa, zvinoderedza zvikuru nguva dzokuendesa.

Federal Voting Isolation Program, inotungamirirwa neBato reDepartment, inogovera zviwanikwa netsigiro kubetsera varwi navavhoti vemhiri kwamakungwa kutora. Purogiramu yacho inopa mashoko pamusoro pekunyoresa nemiitiro yokuvhota, inobetsera kupedza zvinetso zvokuvhota, uye inoshanda nehurumende kuvandudza mabasa nokuda kweUOCAVA muvhoti. Pasinei zvapo neiyi dziviriro, mauto navavhoti vemhiri kwamakunze vanopfuurira kutarisana nezvinetso, kubatanidza miganhuro inononotsa, kunonotsa tsamba, uye zvinodikanwa zvehurumende zvakasiyana.

Gakava Rechisarudzo Nedenho Dzapamutemo

Sarudzo dzaPurezidhendi pane dzimwe nguva dzinoguma nekakavadzano dzapamutemo pamusoro pokuverenga mavhoti, kuenzana, kana kuti miitiro yesarudzo. Gadziriro yapamutemo yokupedza idzi nharo inobatanidza matare ehurumende, matare ehurumende, uye mune dzimwe nhau, Congress.

Dare rehurumende rinoshanda zvikurukuru senzvimbo yokutanga nokuda kwekakavadzano dzesarudzo, kushandisa mutemo wehurumende wokupedza nharo.Makakatanwa angabatanidza mibvunzo yakadai sokuti marobhoti akati anofanira kuverengwa, kana miitiro yokuvhota ichiteverwa nenzira yakafanira, kana kuti kana miuyo yesarudzo inofanira kupupurirwa. Hurumende huru kazhinji kazhinji ine shoko rokupedzisira panhau dzomutemo, kunyange zvazvo nhau dzehurumende dzebumbiro remitemo dzinogona kukwidzwa kumatare ehurumende.

Matare eFederal anogona kunzwa nharo dzinomutsa mibvunzo yebumbiro remitemo kana kuti yemitemo. Mitemo ingabatanidza kupomera kuti mitemo yesarudzo kana kuti miitiro inoputsa Bugconstitution yeU., mitemo yekodzero dzehurumende yokuvhota, kana kuti mimwe mitemo yehurumende. Dare Gurusa rakaita basa guru mune dzimwe nharo dzapurezidhendi, zvikurukuru muBush v. Gore muna 2000, apo chisarudzo cheDare rakasarudza nenzira inobudirira muuyo wesarudzo yapurezidhendi.

Electoral Count Act, yakaitwa pakuvamba muna 1887 uye yachinjwa muna 2022, inogadza miitiro yokuti Congress iverenge mavhota anovhota uye kupedza gakava. Mutemo unojekesa kuti basa raMutongi Mukuru mukuverenga mavhoti evhoti ndeebasa bedzi, inokurukura kuti Kokorodzano inofanira sei kubata zvisaririra zvinokwikwikwidzana zvavavhoti, uye inosimudzira chikumbaridzo chekuramba kuvhota. Iyi donzo rokudzivisa rudzi rwenjodzi yakaitika pana January 6, 2021, apo nhamba inosarudzwa yakavhiringidzwa.

Nharo Dzazvino Uye Kuchinja Zvakakarakadzwa

Mutemo wechisarudzo namaruramiro okuvhota zvinoramba zviri zvinhu zvekurukurirano huru yezvamatongerwe enyika nenhamburiko dzinopfuurira dzokuchinja. Kurangarira nzira yokudzikamisa nayo kusvika, chengeteko yesarudzo, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwokutarisira kunosunda kurukurirano pamusoro pechinjo dzinobvira kumitemo yesarudzo pamwero yose iri miviri yehurumende nehurumende. Kunzwisisa idzi kurukurirano dzinokosha nokuda kwokubatanidzwa kwezivikanwo yehurumende yapamutemo uye kutora rutivi mukuita chisarudzo chehurumende yehurumende pamusoro pomuitiro wesarudzo.

Kudzorera Kwamaruramiro Nokukura

Vatsigiri vekodzero dzokuvhota vakakarakadza chinjo dzakasiana- siyana kuwedzera kunyoresa nokudzivirira kuvhota. Zvikarakadzo izvi zvinobatanidza kudzorera nokusimbisa gadziriro dzeChibvumirano cheRevoting Rights, kutanga mipimo yenyika nokuda kwokunyoresa muvhoti nokupinda, kuwedzera kuvhota nokuvhota neposi, uye kushandisa kunyoresa kwokuvhota kwoga munyika yose. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti kuchinja uku kuchawedzera kutora, kuderedza miganhu yokuvhota, uye kudzivirira miitiro yokuvhota.

John Lewis Voting Rights Advement Act, yakapiwa zita nokuda kwomushakabvu mutungamiriri wekodzero dzevanhu uye musangano, yaizodzorera chinodikanwa cheVoting Rights Act nechibvumirano chakagadziridzwa chakavakirwa pamiitiro yezvino uno yekuvhota. Freedom to Vote Act yaizotanga mipimo yenyika yokunyoresa muvhoti, kuvhota kwokutanga, uye kuvhota mutsamba, nepo ichikurukurawo nhau dzemari nedzinochengetedzwa. Zvikarakadzo izvi zvakatanga gakava nekurukurirano huru pamusoro pedzikano yakafanira pakati pemipimo yehurumende nokudzorwa kwevhoti.

Kuwedzera Kunoita Kuchengetedza Kusarudza

Mitemo inorumbidzwa inobatanidza kuronga mapepa okuvhota uye kuongorora pashure pekusarudza, kugovera mipimo yesangano rinochengetedza mavhota panzvimbo dzinovhota painenge iri paIndaneti, kudzivirira kudzorwa kwevhoti, kudzivirira nokuvhota, kubvumira kuti pave nemhesano dzemavhoti. Pane kubvumirana kukuru pamatanho akawanda okuchengetedza marusarudzo, kunyange zvazvo nharo dzichipfuurira pamusoro pokuita zvinhu zvekuchengetedza uye mwero wemari.

Dzimwe nyika dzakaita mimwe mipimo yechengeteko yokuwedzera inopfuura zvinodikanwa zvehurumende, zvakadai sokuitisa miuyo yengozi yemiuyo yesarudzo, kuvandudza chengeteko yevhoti yokunyoresa, uye kugovera rovedzo yekombiyuta nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vesarudzo. Iyi mipimo yenzvimbo yehurumende inowanzobatira semienzaniso yedzimwe zviremera uye kuzivisa pamusoro pemipimo yehurumende inobvira.

Electoral College Reform kana kuti Kurambidzwa Kuitwa

Electoral College yakatanga gakava rinopfuurira, zvikurukuru kutevera sarudzo umo muwani wevhoti asina kugamuchira vhoti dzakakurumbira zvikurusa munyika yose. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti Electoral College haisati iri yedemocratic, inopa pesvedzero yakakwirira kukuchinja nyika, uye inogona kuguma napurezidhendi vasina tsigiro yakawanda. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti tsika inodzivirira fariro dzenyika duku, inokurudzira kuvakwa kwemubatanidzwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana- siyana, uye inoratidzira mamiriro ehurumende yeAmerica.

Kuendesa mashoko kuElectoral College kungada kugadziriswa kwebumbiro remitemo, kunotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvine revo zvamatongerwe enyika nezvinoshanda. Sechimwezve, National Popular Vote Intertate Community inokarakadza kuti ibvumira kutora vhoti dzavo dzinosarudzwa nevondi vakakurumbira verudzi. Iyi dare raizoshanda bedzi kana nyika dzikagamuchirwa nenyika dzine mavhoti akawanda evhoti, dzichivimbisa kuti aizova purotenzi akakurumbira anova purezidhendi. Dare racho ragamuchirwa nehurumende inovhotanwa nevanhu 209 se2024, pfupi ye270 inodiwa kuti ishande.

Zviwanikwa Zvevatambi uye Mashoko Okusarudza

Zvishandiso zvakawanda zvinowanika kuti zvibatsire vavhoti kunzwisisa kodzero dzavo, kunyoresa kuti vavhote, kuwana nzvimbo dzokuvhota, uye kuwana mashoko akarurama okusarudza.Masangano ehurumende, masangano asiri epartistiki, uye mapoka ehurumende anogovera zvishandiso zvinokosha nemashoko kuti atsigire kutora rutivi kwokuziva musarudzo yapurezidhendi.

U.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . HTTPs (/www.eac.gov) inogovera mashoko akakwana pamusoro poutariri hwesarudzo, mipimo yegadziriro yokuvhota, uye zvishandiso nokuda kwevora. [[FLT:]] FLP] FRAL program[ [[FLT]] [/ww.fvap.v[FL:7]) inopa manyuko akananga nokuda kwechiuto nerov] Hurumende yomunzvimbomo inochengeta nzvimbo dzekunyoresa, nzvimbo dzokuvhotera, uye nhevedzano miuyo.

Masangano asingatori akadai se . . . . [[FLT]]https//www.vote411.org) anogovera nhungamiro dzevhoti, mashoko echitengi, uye matururo okubetsera vagari vemo kugadzirira sarudzo. [FLT:] [[4] National Association of State of State [ [[FLT] HTTP], www.nas.org [FLT: 7.5]) zvinobatanidza kuendesa mahofisi okuvhotera uye mashoko pamusoro penyika imwe neimwe. Izvi zvinobatsira kutenderera mitemo yavo yakaoma kudzora.

Mhedziso: Mhindumupindu inopfuudzira yoMutemo Wokusarudza

Mitemo yaPurezidhendi wesarudzo namaruramiro okuvhota inopfuurira kushanduka mukupindura kumitemo inochinja, mikudziridza denho, uye chinja zvinhu zvezvamatongerwe enyika. Kusagadzikana pakati pokuwedzera kusvika kuvhoti nokuvimbisa chengeteko yesarudzo, pakati pemipimo yehurumende nedzosero, uye pakati pezviono zvehurumende inopesana zvekurukurirano dzehurumende inotonga dzinopfuurira pamusoro pemitemo yechisarudzo. Kunzwisisa iyi nhau yepamutemo (jere renhau) renyika yazvino, uye bviro renguva yemberi .(magspond) yokutora nenzira inobudirira mugadziriro yehurumende yehurumende uye kutora zvine revonei revoka pamusoro pekurukurirano pamusoro pokuti Sarudzo inofanira kuitwa sei.

Kodzero yokuvhota inomira sechinhu chinokosha chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica, bva haisati yambova inosvikwa chose chose kana kuti inosvikwa munyika yose. Kuvambira pakuvambwa kwenyika kusvikira kuzuva razvino, kukura nokudzivirirwa kwamaruramiro okuvhota kwakada nhamburiko dzinopfuurira, denho dzapamutemo, chiito chomutemo, uye kuvimbisana kwehurumende. Sezvo denho itsva dzinooneka / kubva kutyisidziro dzeIndaneti dzinobvisa rwisano dzokuwana mari pamusoro pekuwana bhasiro / basa rokudzivirira nokuwedzera kutora rutivi kwehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu dzinopfuurira.

Mugari wemo ari wose akakodzera ane zvose zviri zviviri maruramiro nomutoro wokutora sarudzo. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa mitemo yesarudzo, kuziva maruramiro ako, uye kugara uchiziviswa pamusoro pemiitiro yokuvhota muhurumende yako, unogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti inzwi rako rinonzwiwa mugadziriro yehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kungave kupfurikidza nokuvhota, kutsigira chinjo dzesarudzo, kubatira somushandi wokuvhota, kana kuti kungoramba uchiziviswa pamusoro penhau dzesarudzo, kutora rutivi kwenzanga kuti isimbise hurumende inore kuva inozvidavirira kuvanhu vainobatira.