Kushandisa Mari Kusingawaniki Mumisiyano: Kudiwa Kwokugadziridzwa

Nhungamiro dzezvirongwa zvemataundi inheyo yemibato yemari, utano hwavose, uye kunaka kwoupenyu. Migwagwa, mabhiriji, michina yemvura, mitsetse yesimba, uye mibatanidzwa yezvifambiso zvavose zvinoumba gadziriro yokutenderera kweropa renyika yamaguta azvino uno. Asi, mukaha mukuru mukuru uye unowedzera uripo pakati pezvinodikanwa zvemarongedzero zvezana ramakore rechi21 uye mari yemari yehurumende. American Society of Civil Enginegers inoita magiredhi U.S.

Iyi dzvinyiriro yemari yakawedzera kugadzirwa kwemipimo yemari mumari yavose. Maguta navanopa basa vava kutarira zvikuru kupfuura chikwama chavose kuti vabhadhare mari yavanhu vose, kuwiriranisa bhizimisi nevavariro dzenzanga nemhoteredzo, uye kuparadzira ngozi zvikuru. Muuyo wacho chishandiso chakasiana-shava chemari itsva. Nyaya inonzvera zvinokosha zvikurusa zveiyi mienzaniso, kutsanangura mashandire avo, uko ivo vanobudirira zvikurusa, uye zvinhu zvinokosha zvinodikanwa nokuda kwokubudirira kwavo. Kunzwisisa iyi nzvimbo yemari kunokosha nokuda kwavagadziri vemitengi, varongi veguta, uye varonze vanotsvaka kuvaka mifanikiso inowedzera, inokwanisa kusimba, uye maguta omunguva yemberi akagadzirira.

Vashandi Pamwe Chete Nevanhu Vose: Vanopfuura Kugadziridzwa Kwemagamuchidzanwa

PP inomirira chinjo huru mukuwana kwamagamuchidzanwa. Panzvimbo pokugadzira hurumende, kuvaka, mari, uye kushanda chinhu chose chose pachacho, PPP inoita kuti basa ribudirire, guta guru, uye unyanzvi hwechikamu chavanhu. Chimiro chapakati ibvumirano yenhambo refu apo mubiyake anowana ngozi huru nemutoro wokupa basa ravose kana kuti pfuma. Iyi fashoni yashanduka kuva chishandiso chine simba chokugovera zvinhu zvikuru, zvikurukuru muzvokufambisa, simba, uye zvikamu zvemvura, apo inorongwa zvakarurama.

Kuchinja - chinja Mumavako EPPP

Shoko rinonzi "PPP" rine mhatsa yegadziriro dzechibvumirano, imwe neimwe ine ngozi yakasiyana inogoverwa. Kunzwisisa kusiyana kwacho kunokosha pakusarudza muenzaniso wakarurama webasa rakapiwa.

  • Kuchengeta-Foperate-Forance-DBHOME (DBHOM): Uyu muenzaniso unobatanidza zvose apo mukwanyina woga ane mutoro nokuda kwenhambo dzose dzebasa roupenyu. Chikamu chavose chinozivisa zvinodikanwa zveburi reProject (mh., "a 10-Mire, mana epandi anofamba neavhareji chaiyo") apo mubiyayo akavanzika anosiiwa kuti apinde mugadziriro nokuberekwa. Iyi rondedzero inokudza kuendesa nokukwidza uko ukoshi hwenguva refu yokusika.
  • Tsvakano: Mukubvumira, hurumende inopa sangano rakavanzika maruramiro okushanda, kuchengeta, uye kuunganidza mari inobva muchinhu chiripo kwenguva yakatarwa. Mubiyayo oga anowanzoita vandudziko huru serutivi rwechibvumirano. Ichochi chinozivikanwa nokuda kwenhandare dzendege, zviteshi zvengarava, uye migwagwa inotemesa mari.
  • Kuumba-Operate-TRAnsfer (BOT):[[FT:1] Chimiro chePPP chamagamuchidzanwa zvikurusa, umo mubiyako oga anovaka nzvimbo, anoishandisa kwenhambo yakatarwa kuunganidzazve purofiti yake ndokuwana bhangi, uye ipapo anodzorera muridzi kunzvimbo yavose pasina mutengo.

Kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo yacho kunoenderana zvikuru nepfuma yacho, mari inoshandiswa nechizvarwa (muchibvero, mari inobhadharwa nehurumende), uye kukwanisa kwevoruzhinji kutarisira chibvumirano chacho kwenguva yakareba.

Ngozi Yokugara Kunzvimbo Dzakasiyana - siyana uye Kukosha Kwemari

Kururamisa kukuru kwokushandisa PPP ipfungwa yeSayenzi nokuda kwemari (VfM), inopfuura mutengo wakaderera zvikuru wokuvaka. VfM inowanwa apo ngozi dzinotamisirwa kuchikamu chavanhu dzinoguma nendyiko yakaderera yemari kupfuura kudai hurumende yakanga yapa basa racho imene. Ngozi huru mugadziriro ipi neipi inobatanidza kunonoka kuvaka, mutengo wekushanda, uye kuderera kwezvirongwa.

MuPPP inosanorongwa, ngozi dzinogoverwa kubato rinokwanisa zvikurusa kudzitarisira. Somuenzaniso, communium yomunhu oga inowanzoshongedzerwa zviri nani kudzora ngozi yokuronga kuvaka, nepo hurumende ingachengeta ngozi yezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti yokudzorwa. Kana mukwanyina airangarira mikana yemikoto yemotokari pamugwagwa wapamutemo (ngozi yakakomba), inotakura miuyo yemari, kwete mubhadhari wemitero. Uku kurongeka kwezvinonyandura kurudziro dzokushingaira kwakafanira neshandiro. Zvisinei, PPPP haisati iri barasitiki. Zvinoda simba rinoisvoka zvikuru revoruzhinji rokukurukura zvibvumirano zvakaoma uye gadziriro dzapamutemo kuti dziitwe. [[FLT:][FF]

Kuisa Mutoro: Muzinda Nehana

Chikamu chinokosha chedzimbahwe ravanhu chave kutsvaka nokushingaira kuisa mari inoparira betsero dzenzanga nedzemhoteredzo pamwe chete nedzorero dzemari. Iyi inzvimbo yesimba rokushandisa mari, uye gadziriro yazvo chinhu chakakodzera mumuzvarirwo nokuda kwouzivi uhu. Zvirongwa zveUrban (kubva panzvimbo dzesimba dzinomutsidzirwa nokufambiswa kwavanhu kunzvimbo dzinokwanisa kushamba nokunatsa mvura yakachena) zvinovandudza chose chose kuva negarikano yenzanga nemhoteredzo.

Vabetseri vemitengo vane simba havasati vachingodzivisa bedzi kuvadziko (EG kuongorora); vari kutsvaka namaune kupa muuyo wemiuyo. Iyi nhambo iri kuvhura shependi hombe yedzimbahwe, kubatanidza mari yomudyandigere nemari yemari inodzorwa, iyo ine gadziriro yenhambo refu yakaenzana zvakakwana nechimiro chenguva refu chezvinhu zvemari. [FLT][1][GUP] INTERNT] MIGUROOTY IS IS ISPINCP (G)[FL:2] inokweva iyi bhizimisi inokura, iyo zvino inomirira mabhiriyoni madhora emarioni muiri yemitengo muiridzo yomuchadenga seIRIS+ kurondedzera, uye miraudzo yemitengo yadzoro yadzorwa mukuita kuti ishande.

Kuumba Kudzokera Nebasa

Chimwe chezvinetso mukushandisa mari nokuda kwenzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu zvakarongeka kudzika midzi kushuva kukwikwidzana kwemabhizimisi anodzorwa nechinodikanwa chemibato yenzanga. Zvirongwa zvinobatira mavambo akaderera anowanwa kana kuti zvinoda kuiswa mari yakaderera yenzanga kungapa mhindu yemari yakaderera asi kubudisa kukosha kwemagariro. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukubuda kwe "mitengo inodzorwa" kana kuti "kutanga-rosi," uko philanthropic kana kuti masangano ezve nemari (DF Is) anogamuchira kudzorero yakaderera kana kuti kukwidziridza ku "kudzosa" mitengo yapa. Somuenzaniso, DFI ingagovera vimbiso inodzivirira vatengiri vehurumende pakurasikirwa kwokutanga, inoita basa seradziri duku rinowana mumaguta.

Kubvisa Mari

Kushandiswa kwemakombiyuta uye kugadziridzwa kwemasangano kuri kuita kuti vagari vemo vakwanise kuisa mari yavo muzvinhu zvinokosha zvavanoshandisa zuva nezuva.

Kufadza Boka Rakatsigiswa

Mapuratifomu anodzorwa navanhu anobvumira vanhu kupa zvitsama zviduku zvezvirongwa zvakati. Nokuda kwezvirongwa zveguta, izvi zvinowanzoshandiswa nokuda kwezvirongwa zvenzanga, mapaka avose, misika yepurazi, kana kuti mabhiriji anofamba netsoka. Nepo dzimbahwe richisimudzwa rinowanzova duku kana richienzaniswa nechirongwa chikuru chemugwagwa mukuru, muitiro wacho unovamba simba rezvamatongerwe enyika nerenzanga. Kunoratidza kudiwa kwomunzvimbomo uye kunogona kuvhura mari yakakwirira kubva kumasangano ehurumende. Platformations seCitizvestor kana kuti mabhiname mabhinariji emo omunzvimbomo anobvumira vagari vemoneribhineti, kuva vadzosi vemikoro vanoshanda vanopinda mumabhangi vanoshanda nefariro akananga budiriro.

Mabhazi Maduku uye Kuchengetedzwa Kwakananga

Nzira inodzoreka zvikuru inoshandiswa namaguta akadai seGothenburg, Sweden, kutsigira mamiriro okunze. MuUnited States, Deverernern Airport inobvumira vagari vomunzvimbomo kuva vokutanga kutenga zvisungo, vachisimudzira pfungwa yokuva muridzi womunzvimbomo. Zvirongwa izvi zvinopa betsero dzinoverengeka: Kuchengeteka mumusha, kuderedza kuvimba nerokwavanogara. Vatengi veUnited States, Deverernern Airport vanodisa kugamuchira mupimo wakaderera zvishoma nemhaka yokuti vanodavira kuti basa rinobetsera, zvinoparira pfungwa yokuva nepfuma yomunzvimbomo.

Zvivimbo Zvenyika Yenzanga Nemienzaniso Yokushandira Pamwe

Nokuda kwedzimba nenzvimbo dzenzanga, mienzaniso yezvokuva nenzvimbo itsva iri kubvumikisa kuva inobudirira. Land Trusts (CLT) inowana munda ndokuuchengeta kuti uvimbe nenzanga, ichiibvisa kuvagari kana kuti vavaki. Ikoku kunobvisa nyika yacho mumutengo wenzvimbo yedzimba, kuva nechokwadi chemari yechigarire. Kubatanidza kuva nechikwereti chebhangi, mari yehurumende, uye mutengo wemari. Nenzira yakafanana, simba rinobvumira vagari vemo kuva nedzimba dzavo dzose, kugovera zvose zviri zviviri simba rakachena nedzorero yemari. Iyi mifananidzo inoda kurongwa kwenzanga inokosha asi kuparira kuva nesimba, mari inochengetedzwa nehurumende, mari inochengetwa mumitengo.

Zvinhu Zvemari Zvazvino Uno Zvokushandisa Mukutsigira Mumataundi

Kupfuura vatengesi vatsva uye makirasi evachabikira mari, zvishandiso zvemari zvazvino uno zvakagadzirwa kuti zviendese nenzira inobudirira zvikuru kumigumisiro yavanhu.

Zvisungo Zvegirini, Zvenzanga, uye Zvokuchengetedza (GSS)

Musika wezvisungo weGSS waputika mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, uchigovera manyuko okupa mari yakazvitsaurira nokuda kwezvirongwa nebetsero dzakati dzenzanga. Nheyo huru ivimbiso yokushandisa mari bedzi nokuda kwemabasa akatarwa. [FLT]][FLT]] []] inoita basa rinokosha mukubatanidza zvisungo zvegirini, kuvimbisa kuti zvinowirirana nevavariro dzechibvumirano cheParis. Ichi chinogovera vimbiso kuvedzero uye dziviriro pa "kushambidzika." Chisungo chegirini chingawanira kukura kwechiedza, nepo chibvumirano chenzanga chinogona kubhadhara mari yemari muzvipatarati itsva kana kuti zvikoro zvenzanga. Kuoneka kwapasaidzwa kweGS uye kushuma zvinodikanwa musimba razvo kuvandudza maguta, uye kudzora kudzoronze.

Zvisungo Zvinotapura Munzanga Nemubhadharo Nokuda Kwebudiriro

Zvichida chishandiso chinovakwa nemuuyo zvikurusa iSocial Impact Bond (SIB), inozivikanwawo sePasu-sces. Mumuenzaniso uyu mutsva, vatengi vemitengo voga vanopa dzimbahwe rapamberi nokuda kwepurogiramu dzenzanga (zvikurukuru, dzidzo yapakuvamba youhwana, tsigiro yezvoutano yapamusha). Hurumende inoripira vatengi nokudzoka * bedzi kana kuti purogiramu inosvika miuyo yemagariro, inosimbiswa nomunzveri akazvimirira. Nokuda kwemitengi inodzo inodzorwa mumaguta, iyi yakashandiswa kumitengo yokuisa zvakanaka mumitengo yesimba yakaderera yedzimba dzinowana kana kuti kugovera basa rokuchengeta mari yepwere. SIB inodzosa ngozi yemari yekurasikirwa nemari pakubhadhara mutero. Nepo chitsatsamari chakaoma kuiswa mumitengo inoteshi yemiteshi inodzo inoteshi yemiteshi.

Zvisungo Zvokudzorera

Sezvo maguta achitarisana netyisidziro dzinowedzera dzinobva ku chinjo yemamiriro okunze (kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, madutu, kupfuta, kusimba kwemari kwakakomba. Zvisungo zvezvemari rudzi rwechisungo chegirini chakagadzirirwa zvikurukuru kutsigira zvirongwa zvinovandudza mano eguta okutsungirira njodzi dzemamiriro okunze, zvakadai semasvingo egungwa, kana kuti matenga egirini. Chishandiso chakafanana, chinopfuudza ngozi yeInishuwarensi yenjodzi kumisika mikuru. Mukudzoro wemiuyo yakakwirira, vabejeti vanobvuma kurasikirwa nenjodzi yavo huru kana njodzi chaiyo (g., chiwirirano cheResticleti 4) inoparira maguta kugadzirwa nokukurumidza pasina mutengo mutengo wokuna. Nokubatanidza mamiriro emari kuti mamiriro okunze, maguta anogona kukwanisa kuva nengozi refu nokuchinja mamiriro okunze.

Kukosha Kwenyika: Kushandisa Kuchinja Zvinhu

Rimwe ramaturusi ane simba zvikurusa, asi asina kusimba, anopa mari yakawanda iLand Land Capture (LVC). Nheyo iri nyore: apo kuisa mari yavose mugadziriro dzemose nenzvimbo itsva inofambiswa pasi pevhu (yakadai semutsetse mutsva) inowedzera ukoshi hwenzvimbo iri pedyo, vanhu vanofanira kubata chikamu cheyayayaya isingadzoreki kuti ibatsire kubhadhara basa racho. Chinonyanya kubetsera maruramiro emari yeBHAT (TI). [FLP:F1][12]

Kushandiswa Kwemari uye Kuiswa Mungozi

Zvirongwa zvakawanda zvezvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvemataundi zvakakwirira muupfumi hunenge huchiri kugadzirwa kana kuti misika isingabhadharwi zvinoramba zvisingafarirwi nemhaka yokuti zvinorangarirwa kuva zvine ngozi zvikuru navakweretesi vezvokutengeserana. Mari yakavhengana inzira inotenderedza inoshandiswa kubvumira mari inoshandiswa (kubva panheyo dzemari, DF Is, kana kuti hurumende) kuderedzi yemari inotengeswa, ichiita kuti ive inokwezva kuvatengesi vebhizimisi vasingadi mari inodzorwa.

Chivako chaichoicho chinobatanidza "murwi wemitengo. Pazasi pane trians tranche yokutanga inotsigirwa nesangano rokubudirira . iro rinotora kurasikirwa kwokutanga kana chirongwa chikasairurirwa. Pamusoro apa i “menzanine trache ine triang. Pamusoro pane chikwereti chikuru chechikwereti chemari, chinoumbwa nechikwereti chemari inotengwa nesangano. Kupfurikidza nokuva nedzimbahwe rokutanga renyika rinotora COPM, bhita yemari inogona kuwana mutengo wemari inoiswa pakukwidziridza, kupfuudzira mutengo mukuru kubva kumaringi neinishuwarenzi. [[FLF:1][FLP] CD Prisons paPROME [FFFFF] [FFFFF] [2]

Kubatanidza Mari Yakawanda

Nhambo yokuvimba namanyuko mamwe okutsigira matura makuru ezvivako yapera. Maguta anobudirira zvikurusa achava ayo anoziva unyanzvi hwe "murwi unodzorwa"() kubatanidza nenzira inobatanidza mifananidzo mitsva yakawanda kuvaka chivako chedzimbahwe chakasimba nechinoshanda nokuda kwegadziriro imwe neimwe. Kutenga kukuru zvikuru yokufambisa kungatsigirwa nemurwi mukuru wemari wezvirongwa zvezvirongwa zveguta: chikwereti chikuru kubva kubhangi remari inogadzirwa namadziro akasvibira, chikwereti chakaderera kubva kuhomwe mutengo wePPPPPPPPcceclaire, chinopiwa chinobva kupurogiramu yokugadziridza, uye miduku yenzanga inotengeswa kuvagari vomunzvimbomo. Iyi mibatanidzwa yengozi yokupinda mudzimba, manyuko, manyuko emari, uye chikwereti chemitengi.

Zvisinei, iyi mienzaniso yezvemari yakaoma kurayira kuti vanhu vakwanise kuumba zvikamu zvehurumende. Hurumende dzinofanira kuvandudza unyanzvi hwokuronga zvibvumirano, kutaurirana, kuwirirana, uye kugadzirisa njodzi dzenguva refu. Vanofanirawo kuva nechokwadi chokuti kurondwa kwedzimbahwe riri roga hakuregi kukanganisa kuzvidavirira kwavose kana kuti kusaita zvokurerekera. Vagari vanofanira kunzwisisa zvibvumirano zvenguva refu zviri kuitwa nokuda kwavo.

Kubatanidzwa kwokubudirira kwomunhu oga nechinangwa chavose, kuchiitwa nyore nokugadzira mari itsva, kunopa mukana wokuwana mamirioni emadhora anodiwa kuti pave nenzvimbo inochengeteka, inowirirana, uye maguta akasimba enguva yemberi. Nokupfuura miganhu yegamuchidzanwa uye kutsigira aya masangano anobatsira nemari akasiyana - siyana, vatungamiriri vemaguta vanogona kuchinja denho yepfuma kubva pamutoro wemari unoshandiswa pamwe chete kuva upfumi hunobudirira.