Sumo: Pfungwa Isingaperi yeRepublic

Shoko rokuti "reclacy" rinooneka muzita rapamutemo renyika dzinopfuura 150, bva revo yaro chaiyoiyo inowanzonyudza mumifungo isina kujeka yerusununguko kana kuti chishorowo zvacho kuumambo. Inoita kuti ibviswe muchiLatin restra[]" chinhu chavose"" iri republic inosimbisa kuti hurumende chinhu chavose, kwete chinhu chapachivande chomutongi kana kuti imba youmambo. Inoita gadziriro apo hurumende inodzorwa navamiriri vanozvidavirira kubumbiro remitemo neromagariro yavagari vemo. Kunzwisisa maministrations neuzivi hwetsika ino kunokosha kufambisa mativi azvino uno azvitonga zvazvino uno, sezvo ichiri muteorwa mukuru wehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa yapachena munyika yose.

Mitemo Yemacore yeRepublic

Pamwoyo payo, republic inhevedzano yebumbiro remitemo yakarongedzerwa kudzivisa kuiswa kwesimba uye kupinza fariro dzevagari vakasiana - siana kuzvakanaka zvakafanana.

Uchangamire Hwakakurumbira Nemireza

Chiremera chikuru chinogara navanhu, asi muRepublic, vanhu vanoshandisa simba ravo nenzira isina kunanga kupfurikidza navamiriri vakasarudzwa. Iyi nheyo inomirira, yakasiana nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu zvakananga, inobvumira kuti mugariro mukuru newakaoma ushande apo unotanga ruchengedzo rune maruramiro pakati pomurangariro wavose nomutemo. Nharidzano ndeyokunatsa mirangariro yavose, kudzora zvishuvo nefariro kupfurikidza nerutongeso rwavakuru vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa. Uyu murangariro wokumirira wakaita kuti rudzi rwazvino uno rubvire, kupedza chinetso chikuru chenzira yokuchengeta nayo kubvumirana kwakakurumbira pamusoro pendima huru.

Kutonga kwoMutemo Nebumbiro Remitemo

Hapana munhu ari pamusoro pomutemo. Rudzi rwehurumende runodzorwa nomutemo mukurusa − zvikurukuru ibumbiro remitemo rakanyorwa rinoganhura simba rehurumende uye rinoronga maruramiro makuru. Iyi gadziriro yapamutemo inovimbisa kufanofanotaurwa, dzikamo, uye kuenzana pamberi pomutemo. Inodzivisa hurumende kuchinja mitemo nenzira yamaune kuti iwirirane nayo. Kutemwa kwemitemo kunobatanidza mutemende wemitemo umene, kuchiita mupimo wakakwirira weruramisiro unodzivirira padariro revoruzhinji. Iyi mbiru inowanzova inodzorwa kupfurikidza negadziriro yehwirudzuro yedare, umo matare ane chiremera chokuputsa mitemo inoputsa bvumirano.

Hurumende Dzakavhengana uye Kuparadzaniswa Kwesimba

Kunyora kubva kuRome Republic uye kunatswa navafungi vokuNzwisisa saMontesquieu, hurumende yeRepublica inoparadzira simba pakati pamapazu akasiyana (anoparadza, anotonga, anotonga) ane mabasa akasiana uye anonzvera vose. Ichi chivako chinoita kuti kuve kwakaoma nokuda kwedavi ripi neripi kana kuti munhu mumwe kuti abate udzo. Kuparadzana kwamasimba idziviriro inoumbwa mukurwisana noudzvinyiriri. Inokurudzira kurangarira kupfurikidza nokuda mapazu akasiana - siana kuti abvumirane pamabasa makuru, kuumba gadziriro ye "ambrition" inofanira kuitwa kuti irwiswe kukurira chinzvimbo," sokucherekedza kwakakurumbira kwakakurumbira kwa James Madison. Kuwedzerwa kweiyi nheyo kwazvino uno kunobatanidza masangano anozvimirira uye muchina wakasununguka, uko kunoshanda senzvero yesimba.

Kunaka Kwomubatanidzwa Nezvakanaka Zvinowanikwa Nevanhu Vose

Utano hweRepublic hunotsamira kwete bedzi pamasangano ayo asiwo pamasangano evagari vayo. Marepabhuriki echiClassic akaisa simbiso huru pa vicicobic][] .(kudisa kurega fariro yomunhu oga nokuda kwezvakanaka zvavose. Nepo masangano azvino uno achitsamira zvikuru pakunzvera nokudzikamisa mativi evhu, kudikanwa kukuru kwemuzivikanzvi uye kuvimbisa vagari vemo kunoramba kuri chinhu chinokosha mukusimba reRepublic. Chaunga chavagari vemo vasingazivi nhau dzavose kana kuti havadi kutora rutivi kubatira pamutemo. Dzidzo, kunyoresa, bvumirano, uye kuzvipira kumutemo kunoitwa mutsika nokuda kwehurumende inobudirira.

Nokuda kwehwaro hwakadzama hwerondedzero, Sttanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy inopa kunzvera kukuru kwenhau nemisiano yomufungo wouriphabliki.

Kusiyana Kwoutongi Hwehurumende

Marongerwo anoitwa nyika ino uye masangano adzo anoita kuti pave nehurumende dzakasiyana - siyana uye dzinotonga nehurumende dzepakati nedzemaruwa.

Mibatanidzwa yeParamende

Mu republic yehurumende [[FLT: 1], yakadai seUnited States, mukuru mukuru anosarudzwa akazvimirira pawirirano yeimba yomutemo uye anobatira semisoro yose iri miviri yehurumende. Ikoku kuparira kuparadzana kwakajeka kwamasimba asi kunogona kutungamirira kuruvara apo mapazu ehurumende ehurumende anodzora nemitemo anodzorwa namapoka anopesana. [[FLT: 2] nyika inova inodzorwa neyapachivanzi yehurumende [, yakadai seIndia kana kuti Germany, musoro wehurumende ipurezidhendi wemiitiro, apo musoro wehurumende (gurukota) inodzorwa kubva kuboka gurusa reparamendi muparamendiro uye inozvidavirira. Saidzose, iye anobvumira dare guru rehurumende kuti iwirirane.[5]

Kubatana uye Unitarianism

A republic yefederal inokamuranisa uchangamire pakati pehurumende yepakati nenharaunda kana kuti maruwa (umh., United States, Brazil, Germany). Iyi purogiramu inowanzosarudzwa nokuda kwamarudzi makuru, akasiyana- siyana kubvumira nokuda kwezvigaro zvenharaunda nenzvero. republic yebatanidzwa [[FLT]] inonangidzira simba roumambo pamwero pamwero wenyika, nehurumende dzomunharaunda dzinoshandisa bedzi chiremera chinogona kuchinjwa kana kuti kubviswa nehurumende yepakati (g. France, Japan, Italy). Hurumende yeFoderalism inogovera nzverongedzo huru pachiremera kupfurikidza nokuita masimba makuru ayo vagari vemo vanogona kutora pamwero pamwero pamwero munzvimbo dzakasiyana-dzo.

Kusiyana - siyana Kwemanzwiro

Chimiro chikuru nhasi i republic yedemocracy , iyo inoisa maruramiro avanhu, vvukiro neruramisiro, uye mutemo. Zvisinei, mimwe mienzaniso iripo. republics-kavhoktal[ [g.g., Republic of China, Vietnam) inochengeta zvivako zvehurumende zvakafanana nebumbiro remitemo nesangano asi inoisa ngwariro mubato rimwe rezvematongerwe enyika, nenzira inobudirira kubvisa masangano ezvematongerwe enyika. Islametic relivhric relivh (g.g., Iransan, profelicratias naust, uye musangano rezvoseromenti, umo mutongi wehurumende yavanhu, inobatanidza vanhu noumbirira vanhu.

Arc Yenhau: Kubva kuRoma Kusvikira Kunguva Yazvino Uno

Kunzwisisa nhoroondo iyi kunokosha kuti tinzwisise kuti zvinhu zviripo mazuva ano ndezvipi, uye zvinodzidzisa.

Roman Republic: Archetype

Romania Republic [509-27 BCE] yakagovera paradigm yefaundesheni yehurumende yakavhengana. Gadziriro yayo yaibatanidza Dare (masangano akakurumbira), magungano akakurumbira (democratic paramenti), uye Consuls (masangano echitima), nehofisi yakasiyana yeTribunate yeboka rePrebeian. Polybius yakataura kuti yakanga iri mubatanidzwa wakaita kuti Roma ive yakasimba kwazvo newedzero. Hurumende yeRoma yeRoma yakagara mazana anenge asati asvika pakuora mukati nehondo yavagari vemo, ichishanda sechicherekedzo dzine simba pamusoro penyika dzinogara nyika dzose.

Zviitiko ZveMiddle Ages Nezvekuchinja Kwenguva Dzokuberekwa

Mukati menhambo yeMiddle Ages, kuedza kwehurumende kwakawedzera mumaguta akafutunurwa nehurumende. Machiavel's [Florence, Genoa] naHanseatic League muNorthern Europe. Izvozvi kazhinji kazhinji zvaive zviri zvemarigic mukushanda, asi zvakamutsidzira mutauro werusununguko rwehurumende, kuzvitonga, uye kunaka kwavose. Machiavelli's [Florence:] Dhioress paLivy yaikweva zvikuru pamuenzaniso weRoma kuti irambe iri chimiro chakasimba zvikurusa chehurumende, yakagovera vagari vemo vayo kuti vachengetedze kunaka kwavo kwehondo nenzanga. [[FUR.LU.S.S.S.S.NA

Kujekeswa uye Kumukira kweRepublican

Nguva inoyera yakauya mukati meKuvhenekerwa. Vafungi vakaita saJohn Locke, Montesquieu, uye Algernon Sidney vakakudziridza rondedzero dzekodzero dzomusikirwo, zvibvumirano zvenzanga, uye kuparadzana kwamasimba. Iyi mifungo yakaedzwa muChinjo dzeAtlantic. United States Constitutions ya1787 yakatanga muganhu wehurumende wazvino uno wehurumende, yakagadzirirwa zvakajeka kudzivisa nhinhindi dzezvose zviri zviviri zvoumambo hwechizvarwa chamambo nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Chinjo yeFrance , kuvamba muna 1789], yakasunda mufungo wouchangamire hwakakurumbira, kuparira muganhu wazvo, wakadzorwa zvikuru uye wakadzikira pakupedzisira mumugariro wehurumende yehurumende yeOctalgalgian.

Unogona kurava mashoko ehwaro echiRepublic yeAmerica, Chibvumirano cheUnited States[, paIndaneti.

Kutsigira Nyika Nehurumende Yechido Chose: Musiyano Une Mate mukanwa

Ukama pakati peRepublic nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu hunowanzovhiringidzwa. Munhau, musiyano wakanga wakakomba. Kuvavambi veUnited States, democracy [ hwakareva kutonga kwakananga kwavanhu, kwavakatya kuva udzvinyiriri hwakawanda. [[FLT:]], chirepublic [, kupfurikidza nokusiana, kupfurikidza, kupfurikidza nokushanda kupfurikidza navamiriri uye kusungwa nemitemo yakadzikati. Sokutaura kwakaita James Madiverici mu [FL:] Fireda] Nha.[10:5], riphabliki republicture" yaigona kupfuudza mirangariro yavose kupfurikidza nokuvapfuudza mativi avanhu vakasarudzwa, ngozi.

Nhasi, shoko rokuti "democracy" rakanatswa zvikuru uye zvino rinoshandiswa kurondedzera masangano akavakirwa pauchangamire hwakakurumbira uye sarudzo dzapachena. Nemhaka yokuti madhimoni azvino uno anodokungova anomirira muchisiko chose chose, iwo anoshanda zvakafanana namarepublic ebumbiro remitemo. Kunyanduka kukuru, zvisinei, kunopfuurira: Tinodzikamisa sei kutonga kwavazhinji nedziviriro yekodzero dzomunhu mumwe nomumwe nedzechishoma? Tinoyananisa sei uchangamire hwakakurumbira neganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo rinogona bedzi kuchinjwa kupfurikidza nekurukurirano huru yemitemo?

Betsero Dzomuenzaniso WeRepublican

MaRepublic anogovera betsero dzakawanda dzouvako dzakaita kuti dzive rudzi rwehurumende yakadavirwa nokuda kwenzanga dzakatsiga, dzakabudirira, uye dzakasununguka. Gadziriro ye [[FLT:] mipimo nedzinobvumira [[FLT:] kuoma kwesimba kubatwa kamwe kamwe, kusimudzira kutsiga kwenhambo refu uye kudzivirira kubatana kwemagariro. [[FLT:] [[2] [I] mamiriro ezvinhu akajeka] anopa mamiriro ezvinhu akajeka [[FLT] akaoma [[FLT]] anobvumira kutarisirwa norugare kwezvinodiwa nezvinonakira nyika, zvichibvumira kupindirana kupesana mutsika pane kuti zviito zvevagari vemo zvisaririra. [[FLT], zvimwe] pasina kudzorongeka kwemitemo yehurumende, uye rusununguko rwemunhu oga oga oga oga, sezvo vagari vebhizimisi vanovimba nebhizimisi vanokwanisa kutsigira pamutemo. [kugovera kugovera:]

Mitengo Yamarudzi Akasiyana - siyana eRepublic Yazvino Uno

Pasinei zvapo nesimba rawo, maripabhuriki dzazvino uno dzinotarisana nedzvinyiriro dzakakomba dzomukati idzo dzinotyisidzira kuputsa nheyo dzadzo dzichibva mukati.

Kudzokera shure kwedemocratic chinhu icho vatungamiriri vanosarudzwa nenzira yehurumende vanoparadza nenzira yemorefeya michero pasimba ravo. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuputsa dare, kuderedza mapepanhau anozvimirira, kutora masangano avhotera, uye kushandisa pfuma dzehurumende kunetsa vashori vezvamatongerwe enyika. Cases muHungary, Poland, Turkey, uye Venezuela dzinoratidzira kuti kuchinja kudzoro kudzorosa kudzoresa Hurumende kunogona kuitika zvishoma nezvishoma uye zviri pamutemo, kuchishandisa maturusi chaiwo ehurumende kuti iparame. Muitiro uyu unowanzonzi "chidhindoroomanisro" navasayendisiti vezvematongerwe enyika.

Kuchinja kwapachivande kwechikamu chikuru kunogona kuchinja gakava rakasimba reripabhuriki kuva rwisano yezero-sum, umo rutivi rumwe norumwe runorangarira imwe setyisidziro iripo. Ikoku kunobvisa chivimbo nokubvumirana kuri madikanwa nokuda kwebasa remitemo, kuchitungamirira kukuvhara nokushatiswa kwavose. [[FLT:] [FLT]] nhivi yemari yakarongwa [ muzvamatongerwe enyika zvinotyisidzira nheyo yetsika yokumiririra kwakaenzana, inopinza muitiro kumigove yavakapfuma nefariro chaidzo dzinokosha kupinda zvavose. Kupfuurira kwenhambo yemifungo yetsika hakugoni kuvamba denho ye [FLD:] namadictionums aroundation.[FFT]

V-Democracy Institute’s Democracy Report inogovera mashoko akakwana pamusoro pehurumende yenyika yose yamasangano edemokrasi nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, ichironda aya miitiro yokudzokera shure nokutsungirira.

Mupeto: Basa Risina Kuchinjwa reRepublic

Republic haisati iri chimiro chakasiana chehurumende asi basa ripenyu rinoda gadzirirwo yenguva dzose. Inoda kuva mugari wemo anoshingaira, kuremekedza ganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo, uye kudisa kudzivirira masangano nemirairo zvinodzvinyirira simba nokudzivirira rusununguko. inopa vanhu partherasita iri munhu wose, uye dziviriro yayo ibasa rinogoverwa rechizvarwa chiri chose. Kunzwisisa nheyo dzechiRepublicism / Flavianich, mutemo, kuparadza masimba, uye runako rwokutanga mukuvimbisa kuti "chinhu chapachena" chinoramba chiri chinhu cherusununguko, ruramisiro, uye chinangwa chavose. Republicism ibasa rinowirirana asi rinowirirana; kupukunyuka kwaro chose chose pauchenjeri nokusvikwa kwavagari vayo.