Masangano Epamutemo Aiva Nevaitsigira Kuongorora Zvinhu Zvevanhu

Kudzongonyedzwa kwetsika nechiratidzo zvinowanzoda vaongorori kuwana ufakazi chaihwo kana kuti hwetsika kubva kuvatsotsi. Pasina mvumo yapamutemo, kuunganidza ufakazi kwakadaro kungaputsa dziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo pakunzvera kusina mufungo nepfari. MuUnited States, Fourth Amendment inosimbisa chinodikanwa chikuru chokuti zvibvumikiso zvinotsigirwa nechinhu chinobvira ndokurondedzera nechinhu chaicho nzvimbo yacho kuti inzverwe uye zvinhu zvinofanira kubatwa. Nokuda kwezvipo (IP) kunzvera, ikoku kunoreva kuti kunzvera kupi nokupi nokupindwa kwechinhu kunoitwa pasina mvumo inotenderwa nechakarurama, kana kuti kudzorwa pasi pekudzo inotendwa kwezviito zvinozivikanwa zvoufakazi nemhosva zvavagari vemo.

Muzvinoitika zvakawanda zveIP yavagari vemo, vaongorori vapachivande namapoka echengeteko esangano havagoni kuwana zvibvumikiso vamene; masangano emitemo ehurumende bedzi (mutoo, FBI, UPTO kudzika kwapamutemo, kana kuti mapurisa omunzvimbomo) anogona kuvabatira. Zvisinei, mapoka akavanzika angatsvaka zvirango zvechipameso pasi pemiraudzo yakananga, zvakadai se Trademark Counting Act ya 1984 Sangano] (15 U.S.C. 1116) kana kuti Pantent Act [35:] [35] U.C.S. 283] . iyi mirayiro yakafanana kubvumira kuwiriranwa kwoutsotsi vouganda.

Zvinodikanwa Zvokuwana Murombo Mumatare Ane Mutoro Neamakambani

Chisakiso Chinosarudzwa

Chisakiso chinopa mufungo ibwe renheyo rokushanda kupi nokupi. Nokuda kwokunzvera kweIP, chisakiso chinobvira chinoreva kuti hurumende inofanira kupa maidi akakwana kutungamirira munhu ane mufungo kudavira kuti ufakazi hwetsoropodzo yakati huripo panzvimbo inoda kunzverwa. Ikoku kunopfuura fungidzirowo zvayo; muongorori anofanira kubatanidza udzame hwakasimba hwakadai sezvirevo zvouchapupu, marekodhi okunzvera, kutenga zvinhu zvenhema, kana kuti nhevedzano yemichina inobatanidza chipfuro chapapo kudzoso kumibato unodzokorodza.

Matare akarangarira kuti chisakiso chinobvira mumhaka dzokunyepedzera dzechiratidzo chinogona kusimbiswa nokucherekedza kwomunzveri akarovedzwa kwezvinhu zvine chiratidzo chakanyoreswa chinoratidzika kuva chisina mvumo.

Mutambo: Chikamu uye Zviri Mukati

Mutongi anofanira kutsiurwa uye anofanira kusanganisira:

  • Kuziva uye zvikwaniriso zvechipameso (mutoo, FBI nerovedzo yeIP, munzveri weUSPTO, kana kuti mutikitivha womunzvimbomo awana zvinhu zvokunyepedzera).
  • maidi akajeka anotanga chisakiso chinobvira, kubatanidza misi, nzvimbo, rondedzero dzekudzongonyedza zvinhu, uye kutenga kupi nokupi kwapachivande kana kuti zvitengo.
  • Kugadzirwa kwebatano pakati pechikanganiso nenzvimbo inofanira kunzverwa (Somuenzaniso, kuti munyumwiri anoshandisa imba yokuchengetera zvinhu zvenhema umo zvinhu zvinochengetwa, kana kuti kuti kuti vaparidzi vepapurazi vepo vanofema purogiramu yekombiyuta).
  • Kuiswa kwekodzero chaidzo dzeIP kunobatanidzwa: nhamba dzechiratidzo chezita, nhamba dzine unissi, uye chibvumikiso chouranda (su PTO rugwaro).
  • Chimiro chokuti ufakazi hwakatsvakwa sezvingabvira hunowanwa panzvimbo mukati menhambo ine mufungo (zvikurukuru kushata kana kuti kufambisa nokukurumidza zvinhu zvemichina).

Kutaura Nezvako: Varwi Vanofanira Kuva Vakananga Sei?

Chinodikanwa chaicho chinodzivisa kunzvera kukuru kuvhozhokera tsvina yehurumende. Munzvero dzeIP, rugwaro runofanira kududza:

  • Kero chaiyo kana kuti nzvimbo yemitauro (g., kero chaiyo yeIP, kaundi yokuchengeta makore, kana kuti nzvimbo dzinooneka). Tsananguro dzapanzvimbo dzakawanda dzakafanana ne “makombiyuta api naapi anoshandiswa neanonyumwirwa” haasati achiwanzova anokwana.
  • Mhando dzezvinhu zvinofanira kubatwa[. Nokuda kwemiitiro yokunyepedzera yokunyama: “Zvinhu zvose zvine chiratidzo chakanyoreswa XYZ patabhu yezvipfeko, mapepa, uye mapepa.” Nokuda kwoufakazi hwemichina: “Madhirokuro okufambisa akaoma uye mafaira ane mifananidzo yeinjiniya ine chokuita neU.S. No. 9,999,999”
  • Nheyo dzenguva dzinofungidzirwa dzinodzongonyedza. Kana ufakazi hukabatanidza makore anoverengeka, chiratidzo chinofanira kutsanangura chikonzero nei zvinhu zvakare zvichiramba zvichikodzera.
  • Idzo dzipi nedzipi ganhuriro pamitoo yokunzvera , zvakadai sokuda kuti vaongorori vefonsi vashandise maseti anokosha kudzivisa kuhwirudzura kurukurirano dzapachivande dzisina basa.

Kufunga Kwakaipa

Chibvumirano chinoshanda bedzi muhurumende inobudisa dare. Munhau dzeIP umo kudzongonyedza mubato wemichinjikwa yenyika kana kuti miganhu yenyika, vaongorori vangada zvibvumikiso zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, kana zvinhu zvokunyepedzera zvichigadzirwa mune imwe nyika, zvikachengetwa mune imwe, uye zvichitengeswa paIndaneti kubva kuhurumende yechitatu, nzvimbo imwe neimwe inoda mutongo wakasiyana nedare rine simba panzvimbo iyoyo. matare eFederal ane simba munyika yose nokuda kwemhosva dzakati dzeIP, asi mutemo wacho unofanira kutongerwa kuitirwa mukati purovhinzi umo kutsvaka kwacho kunoitwa (F. R.Crim. R. 41).

Mumashoko amarudzi ose, kuchengetwa kweIP kungabatanidza zvibvumirano zveyamuro yapamutemo (MALT) kana kuti tsamba, sezvo zvibvumikiso zvokunze zvisingamanikidzwi zvakananga muUnited States, uye zvichipesana. Vatengi vanofanira kubvunza International Trade Commission [ITC] nokuda kwenhau dzakajeka dzinobatanidza zvinhu zvinopinzwa kune imwe nyika, sezvo ITC ichigona kubudisa mirairo yakafanana nemitemo pamuganhu.

Kunyanya Kukoshesa Uchapupu Hwokugadzira Mari

Kudzongonyedza kwazvino uno kweIP kunobatanidza nenzira inowedzera zvinhu zvemichina: mapurogiramu ekombiyuta akafuridzirwa, mandandanda ezvekunyepedzera eēcommerce, zvakavanzika zvebhizimisi zvakabiwa zvakachengetwa pamazita ezvikamu zvegore, kana kuti zvinopinza chiratidzo. Dare rakakudziridza dzimwe dziviriro dzokudzivirira kuva woga mukunzvera kwamashoko:

  • Kuderedza [: Tsigiro inofanira kuganhurira kunzvera kunyuko dzine ufakazi hwechikanganiso chakananga cheIP, kudzivisa kuhwirudzurwa kwemaemail omunhu oga, mapikicha, kana kuti marekodhi ebhizimisi asina kufanana.
  • Tsika dzeFensac: Tsigiro zhinji zvino dzinoda kuti nyanzvi isina revo yetatu yenzvimbo yehondo kana kuti tenzi chaiye atungamirire kutsvaka, kana kuti kuti kuchengetwa kwomutemo ikoko kunoshandisa “kusimbisa kuisa mashoko muchando kusati kwakumbira rugwaro rwegamuchidzanwa.
  • Tsitsi kumuridzi: Pasi pechichengeteso cheNhamba yokukurukurirana (U.S.C. 7673), magwaro etsamba kana kuti dzimwe kurukurirano dzemagetsi dzakachengetwa navashandiri vebasa vechitatu (g., Google, Amazon Web Services) inofanira kuwirirana nezvinodikanwa chaizvo. Vatengi vanowanzosarudza pakati pechisakiso (chinoda chinenge chiripo) uye nhevedzano 2703 (inoda kunyumwiro ine mufungo).
  • Nguva nehwirudzuro[[FLT: 1]: Kunzvera kwamadhigirii kungabatanidza zvinotapura zvakasimba. Dare rinowedzera kuisa ganhuriro dzenguva pahwirudzuro yemasensic(e.g., “hurumende inofanira kupedzisa kuhwirudzura kwayo mukati mamazuva 60 ndokudzoka kana kuti kuparadza madata api naapi asingaregereki."

Chisarudzo chechiratidzo chenhau [[FLT]] Riley v. California [2014] (2014] yakasimbisa kuti mapurisa anowanzoda murairo wokunzvera runhare rweserura, kunyange chinoitika chokusunga. Iyi nheyo yakashandiswa kumaprapy nemahwendefa zvakabatwa munzvero, kusimbisa kudikanwa kwemaidi akati, madata .

Matambudziko Neganhuriro Mumuitiro WeIP Unopanikirika

Kutonga Kwounyengeri Nezviito Zvedzvinyiriro

Kana rugwaro rukawanikwa rusina chisakiso chinobvira kana kuti chakananga, ufakazi hupi nohupi hunobatwa hungadziviswa mumutemo wokubvisa. Mukuchuchisa, kudzvinyirira kunogona kuva kunouraya mhaka nemhaka yokuti ufakazi hwokudzorwa (g., zvinhu zvokunyepedzera, manyuko echinyorwa chamashoko anobva munyu) kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji chibvumikiso chikuru chemhosva. Magweta anodenha kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji panzvimbo apo affidavit ane mashoko akaoma (somuenzaniso, kutengwa kutengwa kwakaitwa mwedzi mitanhatu pamberi pezvi hakubvumikisi kutyiswa kwazvino uno kutsiviwa kwechinhu chacho.

Vatsigiri Vanofamba Nengarava Nemirairidzo Inodzivirira

Asi kuisa chisimbiso kunofanira kururamiswa nokuratidza kuti kuongorora kwacho kuchakanganisa. Kana kutsvaga kwapera, chisimbiso chacho chinobviswa, uye chipfuro chacho chine kodzero yokudzokorora affidavit (chinodzorwa neadrososs).

Vatarisiri

Mune zvimwe zvinoitika, vaongorori vanoziva kuti kudzongonyedza zvinhu kuchasvika panzvimbo yakati munguva yemberi (somuenzaniso, mudziyo webhegi dzenhema unokarirwa pachiteshi chengarava. chibvumikiso chokupa pamutemo [ chinobvumira kunzvera kuurawa apo mamiriro ezvinhu okunyandura (g., kupiwa kwemudziyo) kunoitika. Mutengi anofanira kutsanangura chikonzero nei kuchibvira chokudavira kuti bhodhoro richavapo apo maruramiro achaparadzwa, kwete panguva chete yokushanda.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu Akaoma Anosiyana

Majee haasati achidikanwa nguva dzose. Muzvinoitika apo vanononoka kuwana rugwaro rwakakomba angatungamirira kukuparadzwa kwoufakazi kana kuti ngozi kuvanhu, vakuru vakuru vangatsvaka pasina rugwaro pasi pe [[FLT: 0]] migariro yakasiana. Munhau dzeIP, izvi zvingamuka kana vanyengeri vachidimbura magwaro kana kuti kudzima mafaira. Zvisinei, matare anosanonzvera; hurumende inotakura mutoro wokubvumikisa kuti mukuru mukuru mukuru ane mufungo aizova adavira kuti chiito chokukurumidza chakanga chiri madikanwa.

Nhano Dzinoshanda Dzokuongorora Nezvikwata Zvepamutemo

Kugadzirira Kutanga Kwomuitiro

  1. Tsamba kodzero dzeIP zvakakwana[: Wana makopi anobvumikiswa enyoresa ane chiremera kana kuti chiratidzo, nhevedzano yezita, uye zvibvumirano zvipi nezvipi zvinobvumiranwa.
  2. Conduct chinhu chinodzorwa [: Tenga zvinhu kana kuti kopa shanduro yokuedza yechinhu chinofungidzirwa kuti chinodzongonyedzwa kuvamba batano yakananga nenyundo dzakarekodwa. Shandisa kutengeserana neketani zvakarekodwa {of 31:1.
  3. Kuratidzira nzvimbo dzose dzinobvira[[FLT: 1]: Nzvimbo dzokuchengetera zvinhu, hofisi, kero dzapamusha, motokari, uye matracture translate (maakaundi egore, vashandisi veemail, bhasikoro rokuvhara).
  4. [[FT:0] Kuisa mepu ine udzame hwechinonyorwa: Shandisa mutemo kubva kuHofisi yeU.S. kana kuti femu yemutemo yagara ichiita nhumbu yeIP. Batanidza mepu, mapikicha, uye mishumo yemishumo yemichina sezvinoiswa panzvimbo imwe chete.
  5. Nemhaka nechiremera chinotambudza[[FLT: 1]]: Munyaya dzoutsotsi, shanda neMushandiri weU.S. Attorney (AUSA) kuvimbisa mubati kusangana nemipimo yedare romunzvimbomo. Munhau dzehurumende, gweta ringakumbira nokuda kwemurayiro wokukwikwidza [[FLT:] pasi peLanham Act kana kuti Paten Act.

Kuurawa Kwemurwi

  • Ratidza miganhu yesita usati watsvaka. Kana chitupa chacho chichibvumira kubvutwa kwe “shangu dzose dzenhema” asi maapuro anobatanidzawo zvinhu zvisingapinyi, izvozvo zvinofanira kusiyiwa kutoti zvikasawira mune chimwe chitsama (zvih., chiono chakajeka).
  • [ Ita ndandanda ine udzame hwezvinhu zvose zvakabatwa, nemichina nemichina. Ipa munhu ane nzvimbo yakatsvakwa, sezvinodikanwa noMurayiro 41(f).
  • Michina yemichina ine miitiro yakanakisisa yemasero : shandisa mabhuroko okunyora, rocks, uye fashoni kuti uchengete ufakazi.

Kuongorora Kwokupedzisira

Pashure pokunge Hurumende yauraya, inofanira kudzorera tsamba yacho nokunyora mudare munguva yakati. Kana kubatwa nepfari kunosanganisira zvinhu zvisina kunyorwa mugwaro, zvinhu izvozvo zvingava pasi pechibvumikiso chendangariro chakaparadzana [ kana kuti zvingada kudzorerwa. Munyaya dzechisimba dzechipukanana, mupurisa wacho anofanira kuisa chisungo kuti avhare kana kubatwa nechisimba kuchiita kuti kuve kwakaipa (g., kana chipfuro chisiri kudzongodzokera).

Mienzaniso: United States v. European Union

Nepo gadziriro yeGavhura yeChina ichingova yoga kuUnited States, dzimwe zviremera zvakawanda zvine zvinodikanwa zvakafanana. Pasi pomutemo weEU, Eupan Investigation Order inobvumira kunzvera kwezvurukwa kwemitengo iri pakati penyika dzematsotsi dzeIP. EIO inoda chiremera chedare mukubudisa kuti uwane kuti mwero wacho uri madikanwa uye wakaenzana, wakafanana nechisakiso. Zvisinei, EU's [FLT:] General Data Khunguriro reP (GLTR)[FLT] inoisa ganhuriro dzokuwedzera paufakazi hwemitengo, zvakadai sokuda dziviriro kwemitengo yemitengo yemitengo.

Nokuda kwezvinoitika zvine maruramiro apamutemo anobatanidza zvibvumikiso zvemipimo (SEPS), dzimwe nyika dzakadai seGermany neJapan dzakatanga miitiro yokutamburira zvinhu zvinopinzwa kunze kwemiganhu, pasina muitiro wegamuchidzanwa wetendero. MuU.S., International Trade Commission (ITC)[FLC] inogona kubudisa mirayiro inoshanda sezvibvumikiso, ichibvumira U.S. kuba zvinhu pamuganhu pawirirano yehurumende yakavakirwa pakuwana kwehurumende(aganifomu), pasina bvumiro yeChengedzero yeChina nemhaka yokuti kunzvera muganhu kunobvumwa.

Mitemo Yenhau Yazvino Uno Nemiitiro

Zvisarudzo zvinoverengeka zvemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvakajekesa zvinodikanwa zvekubvumidzwa munzvero dzeIP. Mu United States v. Ganias [2d Cir. 2016), dare rakarangarira kuti kudzorwa kusingagumi kwekushanda kwekombiyuta kwakaoma kwakakopwa mutendero yakabvumira kutorwa bedzi kwezvinyorwa zvemari zvakati kuti zvakaputsa Gamende yeChina. Iyi nhau inosimbisa ukoshi hwokudzoka kana kuti kuparadza mashoko asiri egore pashure pokuhwirudzura.

Imwe kombamiro inowedzera kushandiswa kwe nokuda kwemijenya yejiyo yejiyo nekero dzeIP kuziva zvitsotsi zvapaIndaneti zvisingazivikanwi. Mu United States v.Chengetai (4th Kir. 2023), dare raida kuti kubvumira nokuda kwenhau yenhau yeGoogle kutsikwe nemsasakiso sezvinobvira kumunhu mumwe nomumwe ane mashoko anotsvaka, anoparadza zvirongwa zveIndaneti zvenhema zvinoshandisa mabasa okushambadza.

Pakupedzisira, kukwira kwe zviratidzo zvisingachinjiki [[NFTs:1] uye zviratidzo zvemitauro panzvimbo dzebhuroko zvakamutsa nhau dzekodzero dzemanomano. Vatengi vanotsvaka kuisa mufitifiti kana kuti kutora zvinhu zvemichina zvakabatanidzwa nokudzongonyedzwa kunofanira kubatana netsinhano dzakavanzika uye vangada maruramiro akarasana nokuda kwekero yechikwama chimwe nechimwe nekero yechero yemanyuko.

mhedziso

Kubvumira zvinodikanwa zvokupa pamutemo nokudzorwa kwekunzvera kunoda kunzwisiswa kwakakwana kwomutemo webumbiro-mitemo, mitemo yetsika, uye mitemo yakananga inodzora kuchengetwa kweIP. Kungava kushanda mhaka yetsotsi kana kuti kubatwa kwevagari vemo pasi peLanham Act, vaongorori vanofanira kuvaka nheyo yakasimba, kunyora maaffidavits akananga, uye kuomerera kumiganhu yedare. Kupfurikidza nokurangarira muitiro wepamutemo, zviito zvokuchengeta zvinoramba zviri pamutemo uye ufakazi hunoramba huripo hunodzivirira maruramiro ose ari maviri eIP uye kuvandika.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, bvunza U.S. Office yeTreatormark nokuda kwenhungamiro dzechipfuro chechiratidzo, uye C Counterfeiting Intelligence Bureaureaution[ nokuda kwemiitiro yakanakisisa yamarudzi ose. FBI]FB'S FOUCI'S MBROOCT CON COURP [] inobudisawo zviteko zvezvishandiso zvezvirongwa zvemiitiro zveIP.