Table of Contents
Kutanga: Basa Rinonyanya Kukosha Revarwi Mukudzivirira Kuva Wechienzi Kwezvokurapa
Munyaya dzezvokurapa, zvinyorwa zvezvokurapa nezvokunyora kazhinji kazhinji zvinoumba humwe hwoufakazi hwezvokurapa husingatapurwi hunowanika. Mutengi anenge achitaura kuvadziko yomunhu oga angatsamira paidzi zvinyorwa kuti zvibvumikise kuvadziko, nepo mukwirirwi mumhaka yokusashanda zvakanaka angada kuti aedze kudzivirira. Zvisinei, magwaro mamwe chetewo ane mashoko akavanzika anokosha zvikuru. (diadiagnos), mishonga, uye miraudzo yendangariro yemishonga, mashoko outano hwendangariro zvinotarisirwa nemitemo zvinodavigwa zviri madikanwa pakuwana kupinzwa kupi nokupi nokugadzirwa kwemitemo yehurumende kunobatanidza mashoko ezvoutano (PI). Iyi nyaya inopa kunzvera kubvumirwa nomutemo kuisa zvikwane pamutemo.
Mavambo Epamutemo: HIPAA uye Kutonga Kwakavanzika
Inishuwarensi yezveutano inosimbisa chibvumirano chePIPAA chokudzivirira PHI. Pachikamu chayo, HIPAA Aspect inorambidza zvinhu zvinofukidzwa nechinhu (zvakadai savanachiremba, zvipatara, uye zvirongwa zvoutano ((""""""") Plosing PH] pasina mvumo yapamutemo kubva kumurwere kana kuti murairo wepamutemo. Murayiro wetsika dzechipokanwa. Murayiro wapamutemo zvikurusa idziri dziviriro yetsika [[FLT: 0]] mirayiro [[FLT: 1] uye [FLT:] [FLT] [FLT]] [FLT] [2]] uye [FLT]] .[FFFFFF] inoziva zvinyorwa zvavo.[3]
Nenzira yakananga, 45 C.F.R. . . . . 164.12 (e) inodzora nokuzivisa zvinodikanwa nomutemo. Inodudza kuti sangano rakavanza ringazivisa PHI mumhinduro kumurairo wedare kana kuti maruramiro, chero bedzi rinozivisa kuti chinhu chacho chinozivisa bedzi mashoko anotenderwa nenzira yakajeka nemirairo. Chiratidzo chinobvumirawo kuzivisa kuti chishatiso chinenge chiri pasi pepea, chikumbiro chokuwana, kana kuti mumwe muitiro wapamutemo, asi kana bedzi boka rinotsvaka mashoko acho rikagovera dziviriro inogutsa iyo nhamburiko dzine mufungo dzakaitwa kuzivisa munhu mumwe nomumwe kana kuti kuwana nhevedzano inodzivirira. Chibvumikiso chinodzivisa izvi nemhaka yokuti chinopiwa nomutarisiri wedare asina regondero yakavakirwa pachisakiso chinodikanwa. Ichi chinyorwa chinotsoropodza bedzi
Kuziva Panogumira Kupinda Munhu
Zvisakiso zvinobatanidza rudzi rwezvinyorwa, kubvumira kwomurwere, kuvapo kwemimwe miitiro yapamutemo, uye mutemo wehurumende unoshanda. Pasi apa tinonzvera zviitiko izvo chaizvoizvo zvinosunda rugwaro.
Zvinyorwa Zvinonzwisisa Zvikuru
Mamwe mashoko ezvokurapa anowana dziviriro yakawedzerwa mumutemo wehurumende nehurumende. Mazita outano hwepfungwa, zvinyorwa zvokurapa kwemirimo (zvakawanikwa na42 C.F.R. par. 2), kuongororwa kweHIV/AIDS migumisiro, uye mashoko emavara okugara nhaka anowanzoda pamutemo kana kuti nhevedzano chaiyo yedare kunyange apo mamwe magwaro angawanikwa achishandisa zvinyorwa zvechiduku chenyika. Chibvumikiso chinovimbisa kuti mutongi ayera fariro yomunhu oga yemunhu neanoda mashoko. Somuenzaniso, mukuvadziko apo muteotiff anotaura kunetseka kwemirangariro, kudzivirira kungatsvaka kupfurikidza nezvinyorwa zvendangariro zvechipangiro chenhau. Pasi pose pose poti, mapepa anowanzova anenge asina kubviswa pamitengova neropafadzo inova murwere.
Kubvuma Kuzvidira
Kana murwere (kana kuti mumiriri wapamutemo womurwere) achigovera mvumo yakanyorwa pasi peHIPAA, maruramiro haadikanwi. Mvumo inofanira kuva yakananga, kurondedzera machinyorwa kuti aziviswe, chinangwa chokuzivisa, uye mugamuchiri. Zvisinei, mufundo yehurumende, varwere kazhinji kazhinji vanoramba kubvumira kusvika kuzvinyorwa zvavo vamene, zvikurukuru apo mashoko angagona kukuvadza mhaka yavo. Apo kubvumira kudzorwa, boka rinofanira kutendeukira kumuitiro wapamutemo. Chibvumiro chinova nzira yapamutemo kana marekodhiro akasawanikwa kupfurikidza nechiratidzo chechiduku kana kuti chiziviso, zvikurukuru apo zvinhu zvinoshora zvinenge zviri pachivandika.
Zvinyorwa Zvinoratidzira Mhaka uye Zvisingadzorwi Nedzimwe Nzira
Kunyange napaduku pedupoena, mamwe masangano akafukidzwa acharamba kubudisa zvinyorwa zvinosiiwa murairo wedare kana kuti maruramiro nemhaka yokuti anotya kuputsa HIPAA. Ikoku kwakapararira zvikuru negadziriro dzezvipatara zvine nhevedzano yokuteerera kwakakomba. MaAttorney anofanira kukarira kuti rugwaro rungadikanwa kukurira idzi mhinganidzo. Kuwedzerazve, apo manyoro anokosha kutanga chinhu chinokosha chekutaura kana kuti dziviriro (jekisesa kubvumikisa nhau yechinhu chinodzorwa mumhaka yechitso kana kuti kuregeredza) inogovera gadziriro yokunyoresa kugadzirwa pasina kuputsa kodzero dzakavanzika.
Zvirongwa Zvokuwana Mupindi: Nhungamiro Nenzira
Kuwana magwaro ezvokurapa kunosanganisira mativi akasiyana - siyana, rimwe nerimwe riine kuongorora kwaro kwepamutemo uye kwemazano.
Kufema Nhumbu Nokutsigira
Dare rakawanda rinoda kuti pabato patsvake magwaro okutumira nhevedzano yokugadzirwa kwezvinyorwa zvezvokurapa.
- Tsananguro chaiyo yezvinyorwa zvakatsvakwa, kubatanidza zvikamu zvemisi, zvokuchengetesa zvokudya, uye marudzi emagwaro (muchiito, “mishonga yose inopa zvinyorwa zveoxycodone kubvira muna January 2020 kusvikira kuna December 2023”.
- Kukosha kweboka rimwe nerimwe rezvinyorwa kukutaura kana kuti dziviriro mukutaura, kuchibatanidza chinyorwa chimwe nechimwe nechinyorwa chaichoicho.
- Kutaura uko zvinyorwa zvakakumbirwa hakugoni kuwanikwa nenzira shomanene, zvakadai sebvumirano, kuisa mari, kana kuti chikamu chechitatu chepo kana kuti chetatu.
- Kana zvinyorwa zvichidikanwa nokukurumidza (muchine muenzaniso, kudzivisa ruparadziko kana kuti nemhaka yemiganhu yomuedzo yava pedyo), chikumbiro cherangariro yakarongwa.
Munhu anenge achingotaura chete kana kuti achiziva kuti hapana chaachagona kuita, anenge asingazivi kuti anenge ataura sei uye kufungidzira kuchakanganisa kushanda kwacho.
Kunzwa Kunocherechedzwa
Mumigariro yavagari vemo mizhinjisa, kukumbira kunofanira kupiwa pamativi ose, uye rutivi runopesana rune banza rokuramba. Zvisinei, kune migariro yakaganhurirwa umo nhevedzano yekare ingava yakafanira(muenzaniso, apo mukumbiri anotsvaka kuchengeteka kwapasati pasvika kwezvinyorwa kuti adzivise kubudiswa kwemitemo. Mitemo inosiana pamusoro pokuti iyi mirairo inorongwa semitemo yedare pasi pemirairo inowanwa. Nemhaka yeichoizvo, mutongi achahwirudzura kukumbira kuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zvemitemo uye angaitisa teedzo mumakamuri.
Uwandu Neganhuriro Zvevarwi
Chibvumikiso chakarurama chinofanira kusanorongwa. Hachigoni kubvumira rwendo rwokuredza. dare ringabvumira ringada kunyorwa kana kuti kusabatanidza zvinyorwa zvisina kufanira zvakananga, izvo zvinodzivirirwa neropafadzo yomubetseri wendangariro, kana kuti zvine mashoko anenge mativi echitatu (g., mitezo yemhuri). Chibvumikiso chichadudza nguva yokubudiswa kwenguva uye chingaisa migariro pamusoro pokuti marekodhi acho anofanira kuitwa sei pashure pokuziviswa, kubatanidza kuaisa munhevedzano inodzivirira. Attorney anofanira kugadzirira kuita nhevedzano inokarakadzwa pachine nguva mberi kuti agadzirise mamiriro ezvinhu anoshanda uye mitemo yehurumende.
Kusiyana Kunokosha: Vasingabvumirani, Vakadzi, uye Mirairo Yedare
Maattorney anowanzovhiringidza zvinhu zvitatu izvi, asi anoshanda zvakasiyana - siyana mugadziriro yeHIPAA uye yokushanda kwevanhu.
| Legal Process | Key Features | HIPAA Compliance |
|---|---|---|
| Warrant | Issued by a judge based on probable cause or a showing of relevance; requires affidavit; ex parte or noticed. | Automatic compliance under 45 C.F.R. § 164.512(e)(1)(i); no notice to patient required. |
| Subpoena | Issued by an attorney or clerk; does not require judge approval; may be challenged. | Requires either patient consent, a protective order, or satisfactory assurances of notification (45 C.F.R. § 164.512(e)(1)(ii)). |
| Court Order | Broader category that includes warrants; may be issued pursuant to a motion to compel. | Must be reviewed to ensure it meets the “order of a court” standard; similar to warrant but often less formal. |
Matare akawanda anobata “murairo wedare” ne“murayiro unobvumirwa” seakaenzana nezvinangwa zveHIPAA, asi magwaro anowanzobatanidzwa nokuchengetwa kwomutemo. Mumashoko ehurumende, shoko rokuti“varwi” rinowanzoshandiswa zvakafanana nerinobvumira kuziviswa.” MaAtttorney anofanira kusimbisa mitemo yomunzvimbomo nezvinodiwa nedare.
Kuchinja Kwomutemo Wehurumende Nokuzvidzwa
Nepo HiPAA ichigadza uriri hwehurumende, masangano angaisa dziviriro dzakatsiga nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvezvokurapa. Somuenzaniso, Iscrency of Medical Information Act yeCalifornia inoda nhevedzano yedare kana kuti murwere wemvumo zhinjisa, nenzira inobudirira kusimudza bhar kupfuura HIPAA. Nenzira yakafanana, Mitegry Hygiene Law yeNew York inoda kufamba chaiko pamberi pokuti zvinyorwa zvoutano zvendangariro zvisunungurwe. Apo mutemo wehurumende unogovera dziviriro dzakavanzika huru zvikuru, hausati uchibviswa naHIPAA (45.C.F.R. 16020). Naizvozvo, magwetabhende anofanira kubvunza mutemo wehurumende apo zvinyorwa zvinochengeterwa kana kuti apo zvinyorwa zvinomira kana kuti apo gira mabhirijiro anenge iripo.
Mune dzimwe matare ehurumende, “panongedzerwa” ishoko chairo rakachengeterwa kutongwa kwemhosva, uye vamiririri vehurumende vanofanira kushandisa“ murayiro wedare nokuda kwokugadzirwa” kana kuti “pfungwa yokumanikidza.” Nheyo yakakomba ndeyokuti muitiro wacho unofanira kubatanidza hwirudzuro yedare. Muitirowo zvawo wakasainwa namunyori hausati uchizokwana mukutarisana nokuramba kuva woga. Vashandisi vehurumende vanofanirawo kuziva nhau dzezvibvumirano: kana mutarisiri wezvoutano ari munyika yakasiana, boka rinokumbira ringada kutora bviro yomutemo kana kuti kupfurikidza nechiito chemvumo kana kuti miitiro yemiitiro.
Mazano Anoshanda Ezvitapa
Kuwana zvinobudirira zvinyorwa zvokurapa uye zvokunyorera nemishonga kupfurikidza netsamba inoda kuronga nokuuraya nokungwarira.
Tanga Nokuongorora Zvakaitika Kare Zvakanyatsonyorerwa
Usati waenda nokuda kwetsamba, shandisa mitoo mishoma inoisa mashoko anokosha kuzivisa vagoveri vemari. Programu dzemirimo dzokuongorora (PDMP) dzinowanika munyika dzakawanda uye dzinogona kuzivisa kuti ndedzipi mishonga inodzorwa nevanonyora zvakapa kupati. Nepo PDMP inorekodha vamene ingave ine ganhuriro dzayo vamene, inogona kuganhurira ukuru hwekushandiswa kwebvumiro, ichiita kuti ive sezvingabvira zvikuru kupiwa.
Gadzirisa Zano Rinofadza
Kazhinji, gweta romurwere richabvuma murayiro unodzivirira unobvumira mukumbiri kuona marekodhi acho achiganhurira kushandiswa kwawo kumirano.Murayiro wakagadzwa unogona kudzivisa muitiro wekubvumidzwa uye unogona kukurumidza.
Ita Kuti Masero Acho Anyatsorongwa
Batanidza mukushandisa kwako nhevedzano inokarakadzwa iyo inoratidzira marekodhi, chisaririra chenguva, mazita avagoveri, uye migariro ipi neipi (sezvii, kuvanza, kudzoka kwamagwaro pashure pokutongwa). Dare rinonzwisisa ikoku nemhaka yokuti rinoratidza kuti wakarangarira itiro hanya dzakavanzika. Dzivisa mutauro wakafara se “zvinyorwa zvose zvokurapa.” Panzvimbo pezvo, iva akarurama: “Mazita ose okurapa naDr. John Smith kuvambira pa 1 January 20,22, kusvikira zvino pamusoro pekunzvera nokurapa musoro."
Gadzirira Kuhwirudzura Mukamera
Vamwe vatongi vachaongorora marekodhi ari mukamera vasati vasarudza kuti voabudisa here kana kuti kwete.
Migumisiro Yokusawirirana
Kukundikana kuwirirana nezvinodikanwa kunogona kutungamirira kumiuyo yakakomba. Kana mumwe munhu akawana zvinyorwa zvezvokurapa pasina maruramiro akafanira kana kuti mvumo, zvinyorwa zvingadziviswa kana kuti kubviswa paufakazi. Zvakatoipa, muiti anokanganisa angatarisana nezvirango, kubatanidza zvirango zvemari, mitero yegweta, uye kunyange kubviswa kwezvinodikanwa. Munhu akafukidzwa asina maruramiro ezvekurapa angava akavimbika pasi peHIPAA nokuda kwezvirango zvavagari vemo kusvikira ku $50 000 pa $, pamwe chete nezvirango zvoutsotsi muzvinoitika zvokuziva zvisina kufanira. Muchinoitika chimwe, gadziriro youtano inoripira $2.3,3 000 000 000 yezvipo yePI mumhinduro isina kusangana nemitemo yeHI (se. [[FLG] Actives Requectives]
Mitemo Yenhau Yazvino Uno Nemiitiro
Zvisarudzo zvemisi inoverengeka yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvinosimbisa kuomerera kwechigarire kwematare pamipimo yetendero muparamende. Mu Doe v. Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. [2022], dare reruwa reMassachusetts rakaramba kuedza kwemutengi kunyora mashoko epamutemo kupfurikidza neChikumbiro cheMitemo 34 pasina murairo wedare, richitonga kuti manyoro akadzivirirwa naHIPAA uye aida maruramiro kana kuti akaenzana nawo. dare rakasimbisa kuti mutoro wacho unowira pabato raikumbira kuratidzira kudikanwa kunogombedzera kukunda fariro yapamhikanwa.
Nenzira yakafanana, syth v. Johnson & Johnson (2023) yakabatanidza chiito chemhosva apo vaparatiff vakatsvaka zvinyorwa zvemishonga kuti varatidze mutoo wokunyora. dare rakaraira munzvero yekamera uye pakupedzisira rakabudisa mashoko akavanzika bedzi, kuramba kugovera varavi vamwe navamwe pasina pamutemo. Ikoku kuratidzira kutapura kukura kwekuvandika kwedare kuzvakavanzika zvezvokurapa mumugariro wevagari vemo, zvikurukuru apo marekodhi ezvikamu zvechitatu anonyorwa.
MaAttorney anofanira kuzivawo kuti rondedzero ye “mabudire” muzvinyorwa zvemichina yezvoutano yemagetsi inowedzera. Nokukwira kwetsinhano dzemashoko outano (HIES) neEHRS inotsamira pagore, nzvimbo chaiyo yezvinyorwa ingava isina kujeka. Mamwe matare akarangarira kuti murairo wakabudiswa mune imwe nharaunda unogona kusunda kubudiswa kubva kumuridzi mune imwe nzvimbo kana muridzi aripo muhurumende. Zvisinei, muitiro uri nani kutsvaka gwaro muhurumende umo marekodhirobhurowa anoitwa kana kuti kuwana murairo wedare uyo unowirirana nomutemo wenyika dzose dziri mbiri.
Kodzero Dzomurwere uye Nzira Yokudenha Nayo Kumbiriswa Kunodzivisa
Varwere vanotya kuti zvinyorwa zvavo zvezvokurapa zvichafumurwa mukurukurirano havasati vari vasingapinduri. Vanogona kugadzira kufamba kwokuti vakunde kana kuti nhevedzano inodzivirira, vachipikisa kuti kunzvera kwacho kwanyanyisa, havaruramisirwi zvakakwana, kana kuti kuputsa ropafadzo chaiyo (g., ropafadzo yokushanda kwendangariro ne Jaffee v. Redmond, 518 U.S. 1996). Mumiriri wemurwere anofanirawo kuva nechokwadi chokuti maruramiro, kana akabvumirwa, anobatanidza chirevo chechirevo nokushandiswa kwezvinyorwa kurusarira. Kana chikamu chakabudiswa, murwere anowanazve kurangarira nokukurumidza.
Uyezve, varwere vangakumbira kuti mashoko anokosha edare akadai senhamba dzeSocial Security, nhoroondo yemhuri, kana kuti mamiriro okurapwa asina kubatana. Mamwe matare anogadza kambani chaiye kana kuti nyanzvi isingatori rutivi kuti aongorore zvinyorwa zvisati zvaziviswa. Varwere vanofanirawo kuziva kuti vanogona kubvuma kuziviswa kwakaganhurirwa (somuenzaniso, vachibvumira kuzvidzivirira kuona zvinyorwa zvemishonga bedzi apo vainyima mashoko outano hwendangariro) kuderedza pamutemo upi noupi.
Mugumisiro: Kudzikamisa Kuwana Kwawakaita uye Kuva Woga
Zvinodikanwa zvinoshanda zvokuwana zvinyorwa zvezvokurapa nezvokunyora mupepa rehurumende hazvisi mhinganidzo dzetsika; idziviriro huru nokuda kwokuvandika kwomurwere munyika yemashoko anoramba achikura. Kubva kuHIPAA zvinodikanwa zvehwaro zvehurumende uye kudzongonyedza nhau. Kupfurikidza nemitemo inoda kuti vatongi vapfuurire nokungwarira uye kururama. Kana uri mutengi anotsvaka kubvumikisa kuvadziko kana kuti mupomerwi anopindura pomero, kunzwisisa apo maruramiro anodikanwa kana kuti anoshora anodikanwa kuwana sei muuyo wenhau yako. Kupfurikidza nokuremekedza muitiro wedare namaruramiro avanhu, gadziriro yapamutemo inochengeta chivimbo icho chiri madikanwa nokuda kwemiedzo dzose dziri mbiri dzakanaka nedzi dzinoshanda zvakanaka.
Nokuda kwokuravazve, bvunza [[FLT: 0] HHS HIPAA AUST, [[FLT]] Cornell Information Institute pazvinyorwa zvezvokurapa , uye [[FLT]] nyaya yeChikamu cheMutemo cheUtano pamusoro pokuwanwa kwezvinyorwa zvezvokurapa .