Kuva Mugari Wemo Kunorondedzerwa: Chisungo Chako Chapamutemo Norudzi

Kuva mugari wemo kunomirira kuva mutezo wapamutemo, wehurumende inotonga. Kunoita chisungo chenzira mbiri: munhu ane mhaka yokuzvisunga kuhurumende, uye hurumende, inova nedziviriro nekodzero kuvagari vemo. Uku kusava kunongova chiratidzo; inheyo yokutora rutivi mune zvematongerwe enyika, mukana wemari, uye chizivikanwo chapamutemo. Kunzwisisa nheyo dzapamutemo dzevagari vomunyika yemo (hwunongedzei yadzinowana, kodzero dzadzinopa, uye apo dzinogona kuraswa nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi munzira kuti azvigadzirwe kana kuti atsvake kurangarira chimiro chake amene mugariro. Murangariro wougari wemo wehurumende wakabva pamazana amakore, uchibviswa paropafadzo yakabatanidzwa nechinhu nokuberekwa kumugariro wapasi pose, bva inoramba iri imwe yemunhu ane simba guru repamutemo.

Chirongwa chepamutemo chinodzora kuva mugari wemo chinosiana nenyika, asi nyika dzose dzinorondedzera kuti ndiani wenzanga yavo yezvamatongerwe enyika. MuUnited States, mutemo mukuru ndiImmig and Nationality Act (INA). MuUnited Kingdom, British Nationality Act inogadza mitemo. Gadziriro imwe neimwe inokurukura mibvunzo mikuru: Ndiani ari mugari wemo pakuberekwa? Ndiani angava mugari wemo gare gare gare? Chii chinoitika apo mugari wemo anoita chiito chinorwisana nefariro dzenyika? Nyaya ino inonzvera iyi nheyo dzenheyo dzehwaro dzakadzika, ichigovera vagari vemo venguva yemberi nenzwisiso yakajeka yezvingaringanangarirwa nazvo.

Nheyo Dzokuva Mugari Wemunyika: Jus Soli naJus Sanguinis

Nheyo mbiri dzekare dzinotsigira inenge mitemo yose yevagari vemo: jus soli (kurudyi rwevhu) uye juis juinis[ (kurudyi rweropa).

  • Jus soli inobvumira kuva mugari wemo kumunhu upi noupi anoberekwa mukati memiganhu yenyika. United States neCanada mienzaniso yakatanhamara. Mutemo we 14 wePremendement kuU.S. unovimbisa kuti “vanhu vose vakaberekwa kana kuti vakasikwa muUnited States, uye vadzorwi noudzori hwavo, vagari vemo.” Iyi nheyo inovimbisa kuti vanenge mwana ari wose anoberekwa pavhu reAmerica vanobva vazova mugari weU.S., pasinei zvapo norudzi rwavabereki kana kuti nzvimbo yokutamira.
  • Jus werinis inoreva kuva mugari wemo pahwaro hwevabereki kana kuti vose vari vaviri, pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo yakaberekerwa. Nyika zhinji dzeEurope, dzakadai seGermany neItaly, dzinotevera zvikurukuru uyu muenzaniso, kunyange zvazvo vazhinjisa vachiubatanidza namativi echijum soli. Somuenzaniso, mwana akaberekwa kune imwe nyika kuvabereki veGermany angangowanazve kuva mugari weGermany kupfurikidza nedzinza, kana vabereki vachisvitsa zvinodikanwa chaizvo zvokunyoresa.

Mugari wemo wemunguva yemberi anofanira kuongorora kana kuberekwa kwavo kana kuti kuberekwa kwomwana wavo kuchikonzera kuva mugari wemo anongozviitikira pasi pomutemo womunzvimbomo, sezvo izvi zvingaita kuti nzira yacho ive nyore zvikuru.

Nzira Dzokuwana Nadzo Ugari Hwomunyika

Munhu asati ari mugari wemo pakuberekwa anogona kuva mumwe kupfurikidza nezviteshi zvapamutemo zvinoverengeka. Chakakurumbira zvikurusa ndi kunamatwa kwomuzvarirwo, asi dzimwe nzira dziripo, kubatanidza roorano, kurera mwana asiri wako, uye purogiramu dzechirongwa. Nzira imwe neimwe ine mhinganidzo dzayo dzimene uye zvinodikanwa zvezvinyorwa.

Kungozviitikira Musikirwo: Nzira Yakakodzera Vakura

Kuzvimirira muitiro wapamutemo uyo vokumwe vanowana nawo ugari hwemo nokuzvidira pashure pemigariro yesangano yakagadzwa nenyika inogamuchirwa.

  • Inhambo duku yokugara kwechigarire kwapamutemo (anoda kuva makore matatu kusvikira kumashanu).
  • Kuvapo kwomuviri kunopfuurira munyika yacho mukati menhambo iyoyo.
  • Kuongorora kwatakaita uye kuongorora zvakaitika kare kunoratidza kuti tine tsika dzakanaka.
  • Kuziva mutauro, nhoroondo, uye hurumende yenyika yacho (zvichibve pabhodhi rehurumende yeUnited States).
  • Mhiko yokuvimbika yaaizoramba kuvimbika kune dzimwe nyika.

MuUnited States, vakumbiri Form N-400 neU.S.U. Officeship ne Immigration Services (USCIS). Vanofanira kupinda murangariro wemichina, kupfuudza bvunzurudzo, uye kutora Oath of Allegiance pamutambo wokuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo. Muitiro wacho unogona kutora mwedzi mitanhatu kusvikira kumakore maviri, zvichitsamira pamitoro yomunzvimbomo. Kunokosha kuchengeta nzvimbo dzinopfuurira ndokudzivisa nzendo dzakarebeswa kudzimwe nyika idzo dzingaputsa kuvapo kwomuviri kunodikanwa.

Kugara Munzvimbo Yacho Nokuberekwa Kana Kuti Nokuberekwa

Sezvataurwa, vamwe vanhu vanowana chiverengero chougari hwemo pazera rinogarwa. Munyika dzinosimbisa jus soli, ikoku kwakananga. Nokuda kwaavo vanotsamira pahuhuru hwejarini, mwana anoberekerwa kunze kwenyika kuvabereki vemo angangokwaniriswa. Zvisinei, marudzi akawanda anoisa ganhuriro: somuenzaniso, United States inowanzoda kuti inenge mubereki mumwe ave akagara muUnited States kwenhambo yakati pamberi pokuberekwa kwomwana kuti ave mugari wemo. Kuonga kazhinji kazhinji kunobatanidza zvibvumikiso zvokubereka, marezero eroorano, uye marekodhisi avabereki.

Kuva Mugari Wemo Anotsigirwa Neroorano

Kuroorana nemugari wemo hakungoerekani kwaita kuti munhu ave mugari wemo, asi kunogona kukurumidza kuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo. MuUnited States, zviremera zvinoongorora zvikumbiro izvi zvinenge zvatodiwa nemunhu akaroorana neUnited States zvingakumbira kuti zvizowanikwa pashure pemakore matatu chete okugara (pamberi pemakore mashanu). Vaviri vacho vanofanira kuratidza kuti muchato wacho ndewebona faide, havafaniri kuuwana kuti vazongowana mari yokubuda munyika.

Ugari Hwomunyika Kupfurikidza Nokutenga Mari Kana Kuti Mupiro Unosiana

Nyika dzakawanda dzinopa “basa rakawanda kupfurikidza negadziriro dzemari”, dzinonzi mapasipoti endarama. Malta, Cyprus, uye marudzi anoverengeka eCaribbean anobvumira vanhu vakapfuma kuwana kuva vagari vemo mukutsinhana nemipiro yakawanda yemari, kutenga nzvimbo, kana kuti kugadzira basa.

Nokuda kwechitsama chikuru chomuitiro wokuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo, nzvera ugari hweUSCIS peji yeUS. Avo vanofarira gadziriro yeBritain vanogona kunongedzera kunhungamiro ye UK yehurumende pamusoro pougari hweBritain[.

Kodzero Nemabasa: Kukodzera Kuva Mugari Wemo

Kunzi mugari womunyika kunotanga kodzero dzepamutemo dzisingawaniki kuvanhu vasiri vagari, asi dzinoitawo mabasa. Kunzwisisa zvose zvinokosha pakushandisa ugari hwemo zvine musoro.

Kodzero Dzakanaka Dzevagari Vomunyika

  • Kuvhota nokutora rutivi kwezvamatongerwe enyika: Vagari vanogona kuvhota musarudzo, kumhanyira nzvimbo yavose (pamberi pezera nezvinodikanwa zvokugara), uye kubatira pamajaridhe. Idzi ndidzo ropafadzo dzinooneka zvikurusa dzemitezo.
  • Vagari vemo vanogona kugara nokushanda: havagoni kudzingwa. Vane maruramiro asina muganhu okugara nokushanda munzvimbo ipi neipi yenyika. Ikoku kunobatanidza kusvika kumabasa ehurumende anoganhurirwa kuvagari vemo nokuda kwezvikonzero zvochengeteko zvorudzi.
  • dziviriro yemabhakitire: Pakuenda kunze kwenyika, mugari wemo anogona kukarira vamiriri venyika yokumusha kwavo kana kuti masangano kugovera betsero, kubatanidza kubudisa mapasipoti apamutemo, kugovera mapeslate, uye, muzvinoitika zvakaipisisa, kubuda. U.S. Department reminamato yeHurumende yekurumidziro peji[ rinorondedzera chinodikanwa chokudzivirira.
  • Vagari vemo vanowanzowana dzidzo yavose, tarisiro youtano, chengeteko yenzanga, uye gadziriro dzegarikano, kunyange zvazvo kuva akasununguka kungada kusangana mipimo yakavakirwa panzvimbo yokugara.

Mitoro Yevagari

Kodzero dzinouya nemabasa adzinofanira kuitawo.

  • Kuisa mutemo: Ugari hwemo hahusununguri munhu upi noupi pamiuyo yapamutemo. Kutaura idi, vagari vemo vangatarisana nezvirango zvikuru nokuda kwemhaka dzakati, dzakadai sokupandukira kana kuti kubiridzira pamutemo.
  • Inobhadhara mitero: Nyika zhinjisa dzinotera vagari vadzo pamari inotambirwa yenyika yose, pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo yadzinogara. United States, somuenzaniso, inoda vagari vomunyika vokunze kunyora mutero wegore negore neIRS. Kukundikana kuwirirana kunogona kutungamirira kuchirango uye kunyange kurasikirwa nepasipoti.
  • [ Kugovera muupenyu hwevagari vemo: apo kuvhota kuri maruramiro, kunorangarirwawo kwakafara sebasa rehurumende. Basa reJury mumwe muse; kukundikana kuoneka apo kunenge kwadanwa kunogona kuguma nefashoni kana kuti kuzvidza dare.
  • [ Basa rokubatira: Munyika dzine kunyoresa kwamauto kwokumanikidzirwa, vagari vemo vangadikanirwa kubatira. Somuenzaniso, South Korea neIsrael vanoraira basa rehondo nokuda kwavagari vemo vazhinjisa. Kunyange munyika dzisina kunyoreswa, vagari vemo vangadanwa munguva dzekurumidziro.

Miganhu Yepamutemo Nokubviswa Kwougari hwemo

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akati, munhu angarasikirwa norudzi rwake pasina kuzvipira kana kuti kusarudza kurusiya.

Kubhadharwa Kunoda

Munhu angaramba kodzero yake, kazhinji kuti ave mugari wemunyika imwe chete isingabvumiri nyika mbiri.Muitiro wacho unoda kuoneka pamberi pomukuru mukuru wehurumende uye muripo wemari. MuUnited States, kudzorwa hakuchinji uye kunoguma nokurasikirwa nekodzero dzose neropafadzo dzokuva mugari wemo, kusanganisira kodzero yokugara muUnited States. Munhu wacho angasava nehurumende kana vasina rumwe rudzi, saka kuronga kwokungwarira kunokosha.

Kurega Kuzvidira

Ubati ushe hwamadokero huzhinjisa hunoganhurira simba rehurumende kubvisa ugari hwemo.

  • [[FLT: 0] Fraud kana kuti tsvedzero: Kana munhu akawana kuva mugari wemo kupfurikidza nokutaura kwenhema, nhau youtsotsi yakavanzika, kana kuti mimwe mitoo yokusatendeseka, hurumende ingavabvisa musikirwo. Muitiro unoda dare rinopfuurira apo hurumende inofanira kubvumikisa kunyengera kupfurikidza noufakazi hwakajeka nohunopwisa.
  • Nemhaka kana kuti ugandanga: Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira kubviswa kwemabasa akakomba anorwisana nehurumende. MuUnited States, INA inoronga zvikonzero chaizvo, kubatanidza kushanda somutezo weuto rine zvombo zvomuvengi kana kuti kugovera tsigiro yezvinhu kumagandanga. Zvisinei, Dare Rapamusoro reU.S. rakatonga kuti kuva mugari wemo ikodzero huru uye harigoni kubviswa sechirango nokuda kwemhosva; muitiro wakafanira unofanira kuteverwa.
  • Kugara kunze kwenyika: Nyika shomanene dzinongoerekana dzagumisa kuva mugari wemo kana mugari wemo akararama nokusingaperi kunze kwenyika kwamakore akati. Mitemo iyi inowedzera kuva isingawaniki asi ichiripo munzvimbo dzakadai seChina neSingapore.

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve paganhuriro dzapamutemo dzokubviswa kwougari hwemo, Ramburo yenzvero yaCongress pamusoro pokubviswa kwougari hwemo inopa murangariro wokuenzanisa kumativi ose.

Kubatanidzwa Muvagari Vomunyika Imwe Chete: Kuva Nenzvimbo Dziviri (kana Kuti Dzakawanda)

Izvi zvinogona kuitika (muchimbichimbi, mwana anoberekerwa munyika yejus soli kuvabereki vanobva kunyika yejujucuinins) kana kuti nokungogara munyika yechipiri isingadi kurambwa.

Zvimiro zvendangariro kukuva mugari wemo wechipiri zvinosiana zvikuru. United States, Canada, uye nyika zhinjisa dzeEurope zvinozvibvumira. Nyika dzakadai seJapan, India, uye Saudi Arabia dzinodawo vagari vemo vamarudzi ose kuramba mamwe pakuwana ugari hwawo. Munhu ane kuva mugari wemo vaviri anofanira kuteerera mitemo yenyika dzose dziri mbiri, uko kunogona kutungamirira kumisero inorwisana._Software kuvose vari vaviri kana kuti kuita basa rehondo muimwe apo anenge achiedza kubatira imwe. Kufamba pamapasuosiposi maviri kunodawo kuronga nokungwarira: pakupinda munyika iyo uri mugari wemo, unofanira kushandisa paisipoti iyoyo yenyika.

Vagari vemo vomunguva yemberi vanofanira kunzvera kana nyika yavo yokumusha ichibvuma urudzi huviri vasati vakumbira nokuda kwokuberekwa kune imwe nzvimbo.

Kusatonga: Kusava Nemitemo

Kusava nehurumende — mugariro wokusazivikanwa somugari wemo nenyika ipi neipi — inhau yakakomba yapamutemo neyomutsa. Vanhu vasina hurumende vanoshaiwa rudzi, urwo runowanzoreva kuti hakuna maruramiro okuvhota, hapana pasipoti, kusvika kwakaganhurirwa kuutano nedzidzo, uye kuganhurirwa kuusungwa kwoudzvinyiriri. Maererano neUN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), kusava nohuwaro kunotapura mamiriyoni munyika yose.

Kusava nohuwandu hwenyika kunoparirwa nemitemo yevagari vomunyika. Somuenzaniso, mwana anoberekwa nevabereki vasina hurumende munyika inongopa bedzi kuva mugari wemo kupfurikidza nebatano dzeropa angagara nhaka isina utongi. Rusarura dzinza kana kuti rudzidziso runoitawo basa. Mutemo wamarudzi ose, zvikurukuru Convention ya1955 ine chokuita neState of State Persons neConvention on the Recuction of Statesurection, inovavarira kudzivisa nokuderedza kusava nohuwara. Nyika dzakawanda dzakachinja mitemo yadzo kuva nechokwadi chokuti vana vanoberekwa mundima yavo vaizova vasina dzinza ravakaregwa.

UNHCR isati iri peji yenyika [[[FL:1] inogovera mashoko ane udzame pamusoro uyu, kubatanidza kuti vanhu vangashandisa sei nokuda kwokuzivikanwa somunhu asina udzori ndokutsvaka dziviriro.

Kugara Munyika Yose

Pfungwa yokuva mugari wemo inoramba ichichinja. Kuwedzera kwekufamba, kugamuchirwa kwemarudzi maviri, uye upfumi hwemakombiyuta ipfungwa dzekare dzakaoma kunzwisisa kuva munhu. Dzimwe nyika zvino dzinopa “mavhiza echikamu” kana kuti maawa enguva refu okugara asina kuva mugari wemo asi achipa zvakawanda zvebetsero dzemari. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kuva mugari wemo kunoramba kuri chiratidzo chakasimba chokuzivikanwa uye kodzero. Vagari vemo venguva yemberi vanofanira kuramba vachiziva nezvokuchinja kwemitemo yokupinda munyika uye yorudzi, sezvo kuchinja zvinhu kungavhura nzira itsva kana kuti kuvhara dziripo.

Kana uri kukumbira kuva mugari wemo kana kuti uri kubatsira mumwe wemumhuri kuti ashandise nzira iyi, kuziva kuti pamutemo kunogona kuita zvisarudzo zvine musoro uye kudzivisa zvikanganiso zvinodhura, kunogona kubatsira vanhu kuti vazive kuti vazvishandise sei.

Mifungo Yokupedzisira Nokuda Kwavagari Vomunguva Yemberi

Ugari hwemunyika hunopfuura rugwaro rwapamutemo; ukama hunova nerevo huru nokuda kwoupenyu hwako, mhuri yako, uye nguva yako yemberi. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa nheyo huru dzenhau. “‘ Ugaro hwemo hunowanwa sei, kodzeroi nemitoro yahunounza, uye apo hunogona kurasika — unozvisimbisa umene kuti ubatanidze zvizere nenyika yako yakagamuchirwa. Dzidza mitemo yakananga yenyika yawakarongerwa, tsvaka zano rapamutemo kana nhau yako yakaoma, uye gadzirira zvakakwana muitiro wokuita kuti uve womuzvarirwo. Rwendo runoda shiviriro nemisero, asi mubayiro wacho inhengo dzose munzanga yezvamatongerwe enyika.