Kubatanidza mabato ezvamatongerwe enyika kwave kuri simba rinopa udzame mukuumba pesvedzero yehurumende yehurumende yeJapan, ichibatira zvose zviri zviviri somutoo wokubatanidza simba nemugove wesimba rezvamatongerwe enyika. Kuvambira pakubatanidza kwapashure pehondo kwamasimba anowirirana kusvikira kukuchinja kwemvura kwema1990 ne 2000, uku kubatanidzwa kwakapesvedzera zvikuru kudzora, kupfuurira kwemitemo, uye kuvhota. Kunzwisisa revo yavo kunozivisa kwete bedzi kuti gadziriro yebato reJapan yakavapo sei asiwo kuti kushambadza kwezvo pakati pebatano nemhatsa dzinodzora utongi hwehurumende hwayo hunotsigira Hurumende yavose nhasi.

Nhoroondo Yeboka Rinobatana muJapan

Gadziriro yamabato yazvino uno yeJapan yakatanga pashure peHondo yeNyika II, neMasangano akabatana achiisa gadziriro yedemocracy iyo yakakurudzira makwikwi akawanda. Zvisinei, makore apakuvamba pashure pehondo akaona nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika yakakamukana namapoka akawanda, kuchitungamirira kuhurumende dzakabatanidzwa dzisingachinjiki. Mubatanidzwa mukurusa wakaitika muna 1955 apo Liberal Party neJapan Democratic Party yakabatanidzwa kuumba LIBERAL DDEC [LP] Party . Uyu “Mudzimuitiro wa1555” wakagumisa nenzira inobudirira nhambo yokusagadzikana kwemibatanidzwa ndokuita boka raidzora chikwata chikuru icho chaizodzora kwamakore anodokusvika makumi mana.

Kuumbwa kweLDP kwakanga kuri davidzo yamaune kutyisidziro inofungidzirwa inobva kuruboshwe, zvikurukuru Japan Socialist Party, iyo yakanga yawana simba guru revhozhokero. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidza, mapoka asingachinji akaunganidzwa, zvikuva zvakabatanidzwa, uye kupa fambiro yakabatana. Muuyo wakanga uri kudzikamiswa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kusina muenzaniso kwakabvumira Japan kuisa ngwariro pakuvakazve kwemari nokukura kwamaindasitiri. Nyanzvi dzinodudza kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji ikoku sechinhu chikuru muchishamiso chikuru chepashure pehondo yemari, sezvo kwakagonesa kugadziridza muitiro unowirirana kuyambuka mamiriro ezvinhu anotevedzana.

Makumi akatevera makumi amakore akapupurira kubatanidzwa kwenhambo nenhambo kwaidzorwa nokuchinja kwemibatanidzwa yehurumende, dzvinyiriro yemari, uye kuchinja kwepfungwa. Muna 1990, kuputsika kwe “Nhengo dzeChirongwa cha1955” kwakatungamirira kunhevedzano yemibatanidzwa. Kuumbwa kweNew Frontired Party muna 1994, somuenzaniso, kwakabatanidza mapoka anoverengeka okushora mukuedza kudenha LDP. misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, Democratic Party yeJapan (DPJ) yakabuda kubva mukuvhookesa kwemaPrist nechokuruboshwe, kutora simba muna 2009 pamberi pokubatanidza. Zviidzo zvamas anoramba sei, boka richiri chishandiso chikuru nokuda kwokuchinja mamiriro ezvamatongerwe enyika eJapan.

Kuumba Kunoita Vabatanidzwa Paboka Kubudirira Kwedemocratic Development

Kubatana Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nokubudirira Kwehurumende

Kumwe kwetapuro dzakananga zvikurusa dzebato kuderedzwa kwekukamukana kwemitemo. Apo masangano maduku anobatanidzwa, anowanzowana zvikamu zvikuru zveparamende kana kuti zvimwe mativi makuru zvikuru, achideredza kudikanwa kwemibatanidzwa mizhinji yemasangano yejenareji. MuJapan, kudzora kwenguva refu kweLDP kwakadzorwa nenhambo shomanene bedzi kubva kusimba. Kuchengeteka kwechiJapan nokuchinja kwapanhambo nenhambo kunoitwa negadziriro dzezvemari dzinobatanidza zvinhu nemapoka maduku akaoma. Iyi dzikamo inobvumira kuronga kwenguva refu munharaunda dzakadai sechivako, dzidzo, uye muitiro wokumwe. Somuenzaniso, LDP yeU.S-Japan inotsigirwa negadziriro dzayo dzoupfumi kubva kuma1960 kusvikira kuma1980 yakaitwa kuti ibvire neboka ritsungirire.

Zvisinei, kuterama hakuna kufanana nguva dzose nokusanoita. Mapati akabatanidzwa kazhinji kazhinji anorwisa kutsinhiranisa mapoka omukati nokuvimbika kwenhau kwakasiyana. LDP imene inoziviswa zvakashata, navatungamiriri vanoda kudzikamisa fariro dzinokwikwidzana kupfurikidza nokusanotsigirwa. Kunyanguvezvo, muuyo wose zvawo wokuderedza kukamukana kwebato kazhinji kazhinji wave wakava wakanaka nokuda kwemiuyo yokudzora muJapan.

Kupfuurira Kwemitemo Nechiono Chenguva Refu

Mapoka akabatana ari nani kuronda miitiro inowirirana mumativi ose ezvirongwa zvakawanda zvokusarudza. MuJapan, izvi zvave zvichioneka zvikuru mumiitiro yeindasitiri uye kushambadza kwamarudzi ose. Kumanikidzirwa kwamakumi amakore nokuda kwokuwedzera kunosiiwa kune dzimwe nyika, kuchitsigirwa neMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industricture (METI), kungadai kwakaoma zvikuru kutsigira kana paine rakaparadzanazve. Parti inobetsera kudzivirira muitiro kubva kumatunhu mapfupi ezvamatongerwe enyika, kubvumira bureaucrates navashumiri kushanda kunharidzano dzingatora makore gumi kana kuti makumi maviri kuti zvibereko zvibereko.

Kune rumwe rutivi, kubatanidza kunogonawo kuvawo muitiro we entrench murentia. Kana paine kubvumirana pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana - siyana, kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kwomukati kunogona kuderedza kuchinja kwakasimba. Kukunda kweDPJ kwa2009, kwakavakirwa pakubatanidzwa kwemapoka anoverengeka okuruboshwe nepeseti, kwaiteverwa nechinetso mukushandisa purogiramu yezvemari inowirirana nemhaka yemasangano epfungwa anopesana. Nokudaro, nepo kubatanidza kunogona kusimudzira kupfuurira, kunofanira kusanogoneswa kudzivisa kuoma kwomuviri.

Kuvimba uye Kuita Zvaunogona

Mapati makuru, akabatanidzwa zvikuru anowanzoita mufananidzo wokuvimbwa nawokuvhota, uko kunogona kusimudzira muvhoti. Mushure mehondo Japan, udzori hweLDP hwakabatanidzwa nemwero yakakwirira zvikuru yokutora nechepamusoro - soro yemuma 1960 kana kuti kupfuura umo ma1970 (84) sezvo vagari vemo vaifunga kuti vvuti hwavo vaigona kupesvedzera hurumende. Nhambo dzekuparadzana kwebato, dzakadai sapamavambo a1990, dzakaona kuderera pasi pe 60% apo vavhoti vakaokerwa nerwisano.

Vavhoti vanogonawo kujekesa chisarudzo nokuda kwavavhoti kupfurikidza nokuderedza nhamba yamapati nezvikamu zvakafanana. Mukati ma 2000, kubatanidzwa kwamauto anoshora muDPJ kwakapa vavhoti chimwe chisarudzo chakajeka kuLDP, kuchigovera kuchisarudzo chenhau cha2009 chakadzinga LDP musimba. Zvisinei, ngozi iripo: kana kubatanidza kugadzira gadziriro yedeo yemativi maviri, vamwe vavhoti vanganzwa fariro dzavo chaidzo dzichifuratirwa, sezvinobvira kuderedza kutora rutivi pakati pamapoka maduku.

Zvinetso Nokutsoropodza Vavunganidzwa Vamapoka

Kupera Kwemhatsa Yemifungo

Mapati paanobatana, sangano rinovapo kazhinji kazhinji rinogamuchira nzvimbo yakafara inodzongonyedza mativi epfungwa. Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika eJapan, akapfuma munhau nenhau ane kurira kweruboshwe,centrist, uye manzwi asingachinji, akaganhurirwa zvikuru nemhaka yokubatanidzwazve. Japan Socialist Party, yakambova nesimba guru, yakanyangarika pashure pokuvakwa nemamwe mapoka kuti aite DPJ, uye chiKomonisiti chinoramba chiri mutambi wemitedzero. Iyi nzanga inogona kuderedza misiyano yemiitiro inoitiranwa muDP.

Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti hurumende yegutsaruzhinji ine utano hwakanaka inoda makwikwi makuru epfungwa, kwete makwikwi epfungwa, kwete evatungamiriri vemapoka makuru paanoungana panzvimbo dzemapombi, vavhoti vanoona pfungwa dzezvikwata zvepabonde, zvegirini, kana kuti zvenyika yose semaJapan Reformation Party mu 2010 vanogona kuonekwa sevanoona kuoma kwemapoka akabatana.

Kusawirirana Kwomukati Nokurwisa Simba

Mapati anounganidza tsika dzakasiana - siana dzesangano, mibatanidzwa yenhungamiro, uye nhevedzano yetsika. Nhau yezvamatongerwe enyika yeJapan yakazara nemienzaniso yezviwirirano izvo zvakakurumidza kubatanidzwa nemhaka yemhosho dzomukati. New Frontier Party, yakaumbwa muna 1994, yakaparara mukati mamakore matatu nemhaka yerwisano pakati pamapoka ayo makuru maviri. Nenzira yakafanana, DPJ yakatambura dzvinyiriro yenguva dzose pakati pamapapiro ayo anosiana uye anofambira mberi, pakupedzisira kuchitungamirira kukutsauka nokupunzika kwayo uye kuputsika kwayo muvhoti.

Kurwisana uku kunogona kukanganisa kuita zvisarudzo uye kukanganisa kuvimba kwevanhu. Vatambi vangafunga kuti mapati akabatanidzwa haana kugadzikana kana kuti anodzorwa nemabasa okudzorwa panzvimbo pemitemo. Kuderedza ngozi dzakadaro, vanhu vokuJapan vanowanzoshandisa kudzikamisa kwakakomba kwakadzama kuwiriraniswa kwemapazi edare kumapoka ari pakati pekubatanidza [1] asi izvi zvinogonawo kusimudzira tsika yokutsigira panzvimbo pokukodzera.

Makwikwi Akaderera Nokuzvidavirira

Apo kubatanidza kunoparira boka guru, sepane LDP nokuda kweyakawanda zvikurusa yenhambo yapashure pehondo, makwikwi ezvamatongerwe enyika anotambura. Vabato rehegemonic ringava rakanyarara, rinopinda muushati kana kuti kufuratira murangariro wavanhu. Japan yakaona utsotsi hunoverengeka hwouori mukutonga kweLDP, kubva panhau yechiokomuhomwe muma 1970 kusvikira kutsoropodzo yeRecruit mukupera kwama 1980, iyo vamwe vanoratidza kushaiwa chishoro chinobudirira. Pasi pokutyisidzira kwokurasikirwa nesimba, mapoka makuru haana sundo yokugamuchira.

Uyezve, kubatanidza panhambo nenhambo kunoparira mugariro umo mumwe mubato mukuru kwazvo zvokuti unodzora nenzira inobudirira Diet, uchideredza basa rokutarisira ramatare eparamende. MuJapan, udzori hwemitemo hweLDP hwaiwanzoreva kuti zvikwereti zvakapfuudzwa nokugadziridzwa kuduku, kuganhurira kurangarira kwehurumende yehurumende. Zvisinei, chinjo dzakasarudzwa dza 1994, idzo dzakatanga gadziriro youtongi hwakavhengana, dzakagadzirirwa kurwisana naikoku kupfurikidza nokukurudzira purogiramu yemakwikwi maviri.

Vabatanidzwa Vanozivikanwa Munhau yeJapan

Ganhuriro ya 1955 yeLiberal Democratic Party

Kubatanidzwa kweLiberal Party (kwakabatanidza naShigeru Yoshida) neJapan Democratic Party (yakagadzirwa naIchirō Hatoyama) kwakagadzira LDP, iyo yaizotonga inodokusavhiringidzwa kutozosvikira muna 1994 nakare. Uku kubatana kwakabatanidza masimba asingachinjiki uye kwakagumisa nenzira inobudirira kubvira kwokutora rutivi rweruboshwe. Kwakavamba mutoo wokudzora kwakaumba mitoo yezvemari nechengeteko yeJapan kwamakumi amakore. Nokuda kwamamwe madaro paHystime ye 1955, ona iyi mifungo yewhovero yewwokunzesaidzo yeP.

Boka reNew Frontinenti (1994 - 997)

Mukupindura kudzingwa kwechinguvana kweLDP muna 1993, mapoka anoverengeka anoshora aibatanidza Japan New Party, Komeito, uye Japan Socialist Party akakamuka(kunyudzwa) kuumba New Frontinenti Party (NFP) muutungamiriri hwaMorihiro Hosokawa uye gare gare Ichiro Ozawa. Kunyange zvazvo yakanga iri muchikwata chikuru zvikuru chinoshora, mukati macho chakatungamirira kukuparara kwayo muna 1997. Kukundikana kweNFP kwakaratidzira kuti kugona kubvumikisa budiriro yoga yoga; kubatana kwepfungwa neutungamiriri zvinokosha zvakafanana.

Boka Rinodzora reJapan (1998 - 2016)

Yakagadzirwa nokubatana kweDemocratic Party (kusikwa kwa1996) nemapoka maduku anoverengeka, DPJ yakazokura kuva imwe nzira inovimbwa nayo kuIndaneti. Yakakunda kukunda kwepasi muna 2009 asi yakatamburira kudzora zvakanaka, yakadziviswa nokukamuka kwemapoka emombe uye kudengenyeka kwenyika kwecha2011. DPJ yakazoderera uye yakanyura muMubatanidzwa weHope muna 2017 yakasimbisa kubatana kwemapoka akaumbwa pabvumirano yakashata yeLDP·rather.

Kusimbisa Kwemisi Ichangobva Kupfuura: Boka Retariro Neboka Rebumbiro Remitemo Redemocratic Party

Munhambo yasarudzo ya2017, Yuriko Koike’s Party of Hope yakaedza kubatanidza mauto anoshora asi panzvimbo pezvo yakaparira kukamuraniswa pakati pemitezo yeDPJ. Mitezo yakawanda ine mwero kana kuti yakabva kuruboshwe yakaumba Constitutional Democratic Republic of Japan (CDP), iyo yakazobatanidzwa nemamwe mapoka muna 2020 kugadzira CDP. Iyi inoita kuti iratidze kuzara kwemasangano echikwata cheJapan. Nokuda kwechikamu chenguva chebato chichangobva kubatana, inoona iyi nyaya yeJapan Times .

Mirangariro Yemaenzaniso: Japan vs. Mamwe Mademocraccaic

Kubatana kwemapoka hakusi kwokunze kuJapan. Kubatanidzwa kwemasangano ehurumende dzinosarudzwa nehurumende dzinosarudzwa nehurumende dzepasi pese, dzakadai seItaly, India, uye Germany, kwave kune miitiro yakafanana. Zvisinei, nhau yeJapan yakasiyana patambanuko apo boka rimwe chete(LDP(SP), rave richitonga pasinei zvapo nokubatana kwenhambo nenhambo nenhambo kumativi ose. MuIndia, somuenzaniso, Hurumende yeIndia yeIndiya National Congress yakafarikanyawo kudzora kwenguva refu asi yakavakwa panheyo yenhau yakasiyana. Munguva ino, boka repashure pehondo rakaona mibatanidzwa yakawanda yakabatana (CD/CSU, SPPD, Greens, Greens, Greek) nemibato inobatana zvishoma, zvichienderana negadziriro yokuchengeta mativi maduku.

Gadziriro yemitezo yakavhengana yeJapan (yakapinzwa muna 1994) yakaitirwa kusimudzira gadziriro ine mativi maviri asi panzvimbo pezvo yakaguma neLDP ine chishoro chakasimba. Kuedza kwokudzokororwa kwokubatanidza uye ipapo kushata kunokarakadza kuti gadziriro yesangano yoga haisati ichisarudza kubatana kwebato; tsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika nenhau youtungamiriri zvikuru. Kunzvera kwanyanzvi kwemasangano evoruzhinji anotapura kubatana, ona iyi pepa yenyika yePolitiki (kunyorwa kwemitemo kungava kunodikanwa).

Kariro Dzomunguva Yemberi Nomugumo

Zvezvamatongerwe enyika zveJapan zvinopfuurira kuva zvakashanduka - shanduka. LDP, pasinei zvapo nemhosho dzenguva pfupi yapfuura uye kuderera kwechivimbo chavanhu, inoramba iri huru murutivi nemhaka yokusakwanisa kwechishoro kutsigira imwe nzira inodavikanwa. Zvisinei, dare ra 2021 rakaona CDP richiita basa raro, uye mapoka maduku akafanana naKomeito (imo inobatana muva mubatanidzwa weLDP) uye Japan communist Party ichiri kuchengeta zvigaro. Nguva yemberi ingaunzazve kubatanidzwa, zvichida chiwirirano chikuru kana kuti chigadziko chaichoicho icho chinoputsa kubata kweLDP.

Ukoshi hwemabato ezvamatongerwe enyika kubatanidzwa mukukura kwehurumende yeruzhinji yeJapan hakugoni kunyanyosimudzirwa. Zvakagovera dzikamo nokupfuurira, zvichigonesa kuronga kwenhambo refu newedzero yemari. Bva zvakaderedzawo mhatsa yendangariro, zvakatungamirira kurwisano yomukati, uye pane dzimwe nguva makwikwi. Democracy yeJapan(as) kana kuti democracy ipi neipi (idzosenzi) kurova pakati pechibvumirano chakarurama neuzhinji. Sezvo nyika inotarisana nokuderera kwemitengo, kubatana kwemari, uye kusawirirana kwemagariro ezvemari, mano etsika yemabato rayo okuchinja kupfurikidza neapoka(n) uye kuziva apo isati isati ibatana.

Pakupedzisira, kubatanidza mapati hakuna kunaka kana kuti kwakaipa makuri kumene; ukoshi hwawo hunotsamira pamashoko akapoteredza. muJapan, zvave zviri zvose zviri zviviri zviri zvishandiso zvokutsiga uye manyuko okuoma. Kunzwisisa uku kuviri kunopa zvidzidzo zvinokosha nokuda kwedzimwe nharaunda dzinoparadzana nechero kutsvaka udzori hunobudirira.