Kutanga: Simba Renzwi Rokuunganidza

Murangariro wavose unopfuura kungopfuudzira bedzi uko vanhu vanofunga, isimba guru rinochinja, kuumba mitemo, uye rinopa vatungamiriri mutoro. Kuvambira patende rokuvhota kusvikira kunzvimbo inorongerwa, zvimiro zvendangariro zvevagariwo zvavo zvinopesvedzera zvisarudzo zvinotapura rutivi rwuri rwose rwenzanga. Kunzwisisa revo yomurangariro wavanhu hakusati kuri bedzi muitiro wedzidzo yedzidzo; kunokosha mukufambisa udzori hwazvino uno, gadziriro dzebhizimisi, uye upenyu hwehurumende. Nyaya ino inonzvera rudzi rwomufungo wavose, midzi yayo yenhau, nzira iyo inoita nayo kuti ipesvedzere, uye denho idzo dzinooma basa rayo mukuita chisarudzo.

Kunzwisisa Pfungwa Dzacho Kunorevei?

Pamavambo payo, murangariro wavose unonongedzera kuboka rezvimiro zvendangariro, zvitendero, uye zvisarudzo zvinochengetwa nevagari vemo panhau dzeitiro hanya yavose. Hachisi chinhu chinoumbwa nomunhu mumwe asi kupesana kwakaoma kwemirangariro yomunhu oga inogona kuchinja nokufamba kwenguva uye kusiana mumipimo yavagari vemo. Mufungo wavose unoyerwa zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nokunzvera kwesayenzi, nzvero, uye nenzira inowedzera kupfurikidza nenzvero yemirangariro yemifungo. Zvisinei, inoonekawo muzvimiro zvisina kusiana, zvakadai sokuramba, miitiro yenzanga, uye tsamba kuvakuru vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa.

Nyanzvi dzinosiyanisa pakati pe pfungwa dzevoruzhinji dzinozivikanwa. (kamwe katsika kasingataurwi kuti chii chingava chii chiripo kusvikira chiitiko chati chinomutsa pfungwa(//na] pfungwa dzinoonekwa navose[, iyo inova yakakwirira uye inoitirana nharo. Somuenzaniso, nepo vagari vemo vakawanda vangafunga kuti kusaenzana kwemari, pfungwa idzi dzinongova dzinova dzinova dzinooneka kana kuti njodzi.

"Murangariro wePublic hausi nyeredzi yakatsiga; ikurukurirano mhenyu inoumbwa nezvinoitika, zvinobudisa nhau, uye kurukurirano dzenzanga. ” — yakabva kuna Walter Lippmann, Public Voison [1922]

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwepfungwa Dzevanhu Vose

Murangariro womurangariro wavose wakasiyana zvikuru newazvino uno. Midzi yawo inodzokera shure kuhurumende dzinotonga dzakare, umo kutora rutivi kwakananga mumagungano nekurukurirano dzavose zvakaumba chisakiso chikuru chokuita zvisarudzo. MuAthens, vagari vemo vechirume vakaungana kuti vavhote pamitemo nechiito chehondo, vachigadza chimiro chomurangariro icho, kunyange zvazvo chakaganhurirwa, chakagadza muenzaniso nokuda kwebudiso reboka.

Kubva Pakudhinda Kusvika Pakubudisa Mashoko

Kugadzirwa kwomuchina wokudhinda muzana ramakore rechi15 kwakashandura kupararira kwamashoko, kuchigonesa mapepa, uye mabhuku kutenderera zvikuru. Uku kukura kwezvinhu zvakatsikirirwa kwakabvumira pfungwa kufamba dzichipfuura munharaunda namakirasi, zvishoma nezvishoma kuchitanga "nzvimbo yavose" uko kurukurirano yaigona kupfuura miganhu yomunzvimbomo. Pakasvika zana ramakore rechi 18, vazivi vokuvhenekerwa vakadai saJohn Locke naJean-Jacques Rousseau vakasimbisa basa rokubvuma ruzhinji mukutonga kwapamutemo, vachiisa hwaro hwezvo hwezvouzivi hwehurumende hwazvino uno.

Zana Remakore Rechi20: Kuwedzera Kwekushambadza Kwesayenzi

Zana ramakore rechi20 rakaunza chinjo dzinochinja. Kusvika kwezvinobudisa nhau zvakawanda `radio, terevhizheni, uye pakupedzisira Internet (panobvumirwa kuumbwa nokuyerwa pamwero usingaenzaniswi. George Gallup akavamba kuitisa nzvero dzesayenzi muma1930, mitoo yokupayona ingagona kunzwisisa zvakarurama murangariro wenyika. Rubudiriro rwake mukudeya kutaura dare rapurezidhendi weU.U.S. rwakaratidzira kuti kunzvera kungagona kuva midziyo yakavimbika, kwete bedzi manyuko enhau. Chibviro chenguva iyeyo, kunzvera masangano akadai sePew Research Center ne Gallup kwazova masangano muupenyu hwezvamatongerwe enyika, kuchigovera mashoko ayo vatungamiriri vanotsamira pakusarudza zvisarudzo.

  • Mienzaniso yekare: Hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu muAthens namagungano eRoma.
  • Kuchinja kwazvino uno kwapamberi: Muchina wokutsikirira nokubuda kwevoruzhinji vanorava (Habermas, 1962).
  • [[FLT :0] Nguva yeMosainte: Sayenzi yokuvhota, mapoka anonangidzira ngwariro, uye matruptic.

Kuchinja Kunoita Mafungiro Evanhu Zvisarudzo

Vaiti vezvisarudzo murutivi rwuri rwose($hurumende, bhizimisi, uye nzanga yavagari vemo) vanotapurwa nemirangariro yavanhu. Nepo mutoo wakananga unosiana, nheyo iripo inowirirana: kuva pamutemo nebudiriro kazhinji kazhinji inotsamira pawirirano nekariro dzavose. Pasi apa tinonzvera nzvimbo nhatu huru umo iyi pesvedzero inooneka zvikurusa.

Zvisarudzo Zvezvamatongerwe Enyika Nokuita Miitiro

Mugadziriro dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vanofanira kuita chimwe chinhu kuzvavanoda kuti vawane uye vachengete basa. Murangariro wavose unoumba chinhu chiri chose kubva pakutanga kwomutemo kunhimbe younyanzvi hwokutaura. Somuenzaniso, mumiriri akanangana neruwa rune zvinetso zvakasimba zvemhoteredzo sezvingabvira zvikuru kutsigira mutemo wemamiriro okunze. Nzvero ne Pew Research Center yakaratidzira kuwirirana kwakasimba pakati pechimiro chavanhu vose nokuchinja nokuchinja kwemiitiro yokuvhotera panhau dzakadai sezvoutano nezvokubuda.

Kupfuura kupindura kwakananga kwemitemo, murangariro wavanhu unopesvedzera nhevedzano. Mapurezidhendi navakuru vakuru vanowanzoshandisa chiverengero chetendero sechiratidzo chenguva yokufambira mberi nhano dzenharo. Tsigiro huru inogona kushingisa vatungamiriri kumanikidzira kupfurikidza nokuchinja; tendero yakaderera ingavamanikidzira kudzora kana kuti kubvumiranisa. Kunyange hurumende dzine chiremera chinodzvinyirira dzinotarisira murangariro wavanhu, kunyange zvazvo dzingadzvinyirira kana kuti kuushandisa kuti varambe vachidzora.

Miitiro Yebhizimisi Nemiitiro Yokutenga

Munyika yebhizimisi, murangariro wavose unoshandura kuva murangariro wavatengi. Makambani anoisa mari yakawanda mukunzvera mukutengeserana kuti anzwisise icho vatengi vanoda, rutyo, uye ukoshi. Kukura kwesociation kwakaita kuti uku kusimba kuve kwapakarepo zvikuru: kuda kubvisa mitoo yokutenga mumaawa. Somuenzaniso, kukwidziridza kwokutakura midziyo kunoratidzira tsinga inotsigirwa mumurangariro wevatengi uyo wakasunda makambani akaita saUniveral naPatagonia kukunda sungwa rawo rokugovera.

Murangariro wavose unotapurawo mukurumbira wekambani nenhamba dzezvikwereti. Chinoitika chavanhu vose , zvakadai setsotsi rinobatanidza kusazvibata kwavakuru vakuru, rinogona kuderedza kuiswa kwemari mumisika. Nenzira inopesana, zviziviso zvinowirirana nezvinoparira zvinofambira mberi kazhinji kazhinji zvinofarikanya ruvimbiko kubva muzvikamu zvikuru zvemitengo yemitengo. Mukuwirirana na 2023 GEAll as , inodokusvika 70% yeAmerica inokarira kumira panhau dzenzanga, ichisimbisa simba romurangariro wavose mumisi yokutengesa.

Masangano Enzanga Nemanyuko Okuita Zvinhu

Murangariro wavose ndiwo zvose zviri zviviri chibereko nemuuyo wemasangano enzanga. Apo boka ravanhu rinotsoropodza rinogamuchira murangariro mutsva panhau ya(*iva ruramisiro yedzinza, vatano, kana kuti chiito chemamiriro okunze) inoparira nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika yokuchinja. Chinoparira nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika yokuchinja. Chitendero cheChiwitiko cheRevolution chinobva mu 30% mu 1990 kusvika ku60%, kubudisa pfungwa dzavose pashoma nezvishoma pakupesana nekodzero dzedare reSuper Court Act ya19464. Nenzira yakafanana, kuenzaniswa kweroorano muUnited States kwakaona kutsigirwa kwavose nokuda kweroorano yakakwirira kuchikwira na 60% mukupera kwama2000, zvichibudisa nzira yedare repamusoro [FLD].[FT]

Misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikuru, masangano akadai se Me Too uye Upenyu Hwevara Maererano ne akaratidzira kuti nhimbe dzenzanga dzemavhairasi enhau dzinogona sei kukurumidza kuchinja murangariro wavose nemhinduro dzokumanikidza, kubva kumiitiro yesangano kusvikira kumibvunzo yewirirano. Iyi mugwagwa wepanhambo nenhambo inopesvedzera murangariro wavose, uyo unosimbisa masangano anoparira chinjovonetso chinoitwa nenzanga.

Kubatanidzwa Mumutemo Wavose Nokushanda Kwomubatanidzwa

Kupfuura matongerwe enyika nemasangano makuru, maonero evanhu anopesvedzera kudzora zuva nezuva kupfurikidza nemiitiro yokuvimbisana yakadai sehoro dzetaundi, tsinhiro dzavose, uye tsinhiro. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinowanzochinja kuronga nzvimbo kana kuti zvirongwa zvokufambisa zvakavakirwa pamhinduro yavagari. Panzvimbo yorudzi, masangano akafanana neU.S. Environmental Protection Agency anokumbira mashoko avose pamberi pokupedzisa mirayiro.(a) muitiro unogumisa kuti mirangariro yeboka rinofanira kuzivisa zvisarudzo zvemichina.

Kuyera Mafungiro Avanhu: Nzira Neganhuriro

Nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dziripo, imwe neimwe ine zvayakanakira uye ngozi dzakasiyana - siyana.

Kushatisa Kwesayenzi Nenzvero

Mupimo wendarama unoramba uri kunzvera kwesayenzi, umo muenzaniso unomirira wechiverengero chavagari vemo unobvunzwa mibvunzo yakatarwa. Nzvero dzinosanorongwa dzinoderedza fungidziro kupfurikidza nenhevedzo yakasarira, mashoko emibvunzo, uye uremu kuti zviratidzire uwandu hwechiverengero chavagari vemo. Masangano akadai se Roper Center for Public Opinion Research[]

Mapoka Ane Mazano uye Kutsvakurudza Kunoita Kuti Vazokwanisa Kudzidza

Nokuda kwenzwisiso huru zvikuru mu nei vanhu vane mirangariro yakati, mapoka esuo nebvunzurudzo dzakadzika zvinoshandiswa. Iyi mitoo inobvumira vazivi kunzvera kuita, mirangariro yokunzvera, uye kufukura kurangarira kuri seri kwemirangariro. Nepo vasati vachipa nzwisiso yapakarepo yakatanhamara iyo nzvero dzisingagoni kubata.

Zvinobudisa Magetsi Nezvinovaraidza Munzanga

Munhambo yeInternet, masangano ezvokushandira masangano anogovera nguva chaiyoiyo, mudungwe wakakwirira wemifungo. Kugadzirwa kwomutauro wetsika (NLP) maturusi anogona kunzvera tuchituni, tsinhiro, uye mapadhi okuyera mirangariro pachinhu chiri chose kubva pakurukurirano dzapurezidhendi kusvikira kuzvinhu zvitsva. Zvisinei, aya mashoko anomutsa funganyo pamusoro pomumiririri: havasi vose vanogoverana mirangariro paIndaneti, uye mabhiti kana kuti masangano akarongwa anogona kushatisa zviratidzo. Fundo yakaitwa ne Harvard Kennedy [ yakawana kuti mirangariro yenzanga inowanzopfuura mwero yenzwi, inoda kutsanangura kwokungwarira.

  • [[FT:0] Nhevedzo yokunzvera: Tsamba yeMastatistic, kombamiro inotevedzana nokufamba kwenguva.
  • Kuvhota: rusaruro, miuyo yemashoko, mwero yakaderera yemhinduro.
  • Nhetevedzo yenzvero yesociation: speed, vhoriyamu, ndyiko yakaderera.
  • Kunzvera kwemasangano enhau enzanga: kuratidzira mirangariro, kushaikwa kwokudzora chiverengero chavagari vemo, kugona kudzora.

Zvinotaurwa Nezvinobudisa Nhau Zvinokanganisa Mafungiro Evanhu

Kuronga nhau, kutsaura nhau, uye matauriro okukurukura zvose zvinofungwa nevanhu pamusoro padzo uye mafungiro avanoita pamusoro padzo.

Pesvedzero Inopfuurira Yezvinobudisa Nhau

Pasinei zvapo nokukura kwezvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga, mapepanhau, nhau dzeterevhizheni, uye redhiyo zvinoramba zviri vagadziri vemafungiro anokosha, zvikurukuru pakati pevagarari vakwegura. "agenda-setting" rondedzero, yakatanga kuziviswa naMaxwell McCombs naDonald Shaw muna 1972, inoreva kuti zvinobudisa nhau dzinoudza vanhu vose [ chokufunga pamusoro pa panzvimbo pokufunga. Kupfurikidza nokupa ngwariro inopfuuridzirwa kumisoro yakati kuti “yakadai soutsotsi, njodzi dzoutano, kana kuti basa remari, / zvinobudisa nhau zvenhau zvinosimudzira nhau idzodzo muvarati veruzhinji.

Mapepanhau Nezvinhu Zvinobudisa Nhau Nezvinoita Kuti Vanhu Vafarire

Masangano esocial network akachinja matauriro nokugonesa mashoko anogoverwa nomunhu oga neatruction. Iyi tsika inogona kutanga "magumbi" umo vanoshandisa vanogona kuratidzirwa kumirangariro inongosimbisa zvitendero zvavo zviripo. Nepo zvinobudisa nhau dzenzanga zvinogona kukudza manzwi akasiyana - siyana, zvinogonawo kuwedzera kukura. Kunzvera kunokarakadza kuti maarugratimendi anogadzirirwa kusimbisa kuvimbisana kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kunyandura kana kuti kuparadzanisa, kungakanganisa pfungwa dzavose panhau dzegakavadzani.

Mukuwedzera, kupararira kwe mistformation panzvimbo dzezvikuva dzakadai seFacebook ne Twitter kunopa chinetso chakakomba. Nhau dzenhema kana kuti dzinotsausa dzinogona kupinda muvhairasi pamberi pokuti vacherekedzi veidi vanogona kupindura, kwechinguvana kushatisa nzwisiso yavose. Sarudzo yapresidente yeU.U.U. yakawana kuti mashoko aparadzike pamusoro pekuvhota tsamba, kuchitungamirira zvikamu zvavose kupanikira kuvimbika kwegadziriro yedemokrame.

Zvinetso Mukunzwisisa Nokushandisa Mafungiro Evanhu

Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa dzevanhu dziine simba, kutsanangura kwaro kwakazara nokuoma kunzwisisa.

Mashoko Asina Kunaka Nemashoko Asina Kunaka

Kuparadzirwa kwamaune kwamashoko enhema kunogona kuita kuti kuve kuoneka kwevoruzhinji vatsigiri venzvimbo dzakanyanyisa. Apo vagari vemo vanopesvedzerwa namazita akagadzirwa, muuyo "voruzhinji" hausati uchizoratidzirazve rutongeso rwechokwadi rweboka. Ikoku kunosekesa donzo rimene rokugamuchira kwoudiro.

Kuchinja Zvematongerwe Enyika

Munzanga dzine paradzano zvikuru, murangariro wavanhu unowanzokamuraniswa zvikuru mumativi avanhu kana kuti pfungwa. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kumugariro umo pasina bvumirano, kuchimanikidzira vagadziri vechisarudzo kusarudza mativi panzvimbo pokutsvaka mativi akafanana. Muuyo unochinja mutemo (apo rutivi rumwe runotsiva rumwe) kutsinhana ndokupinganidza kuronga kwenguva refu.

Kuchinja - chinja Kwenzvimbo Nenzvimbo

Murangariro wavose hauna kufanana. Misiyano yezera, dzidzo, mari, dzinza, uye nzvimbo inogona kuziviswa. Muitiro unotsigirwa navavhoti vaduku vomuguta ungarambwa navakweguru vamaruwa. Vaiti vezvisarudzo vanofanira kuyera iyi misiyano nokungwarira; nzvero yorudzi inoratidza tsigiro yoruzhinji nokuda kwetsika ingangotarisana nechishoro chinotyisa chinobva kuvanoshora vanotaura vashomanene vomunharaunda.

Kushandiswa Nevanyakwe Nemapoka Anofarira

Murangariro wavose unogona kugadzirwa kana kuti kuwedzerwa nenhimbe dzinosanorongwa. Kushambadza, kukwezva, uye kubudisa (kubudisa midzi yeuswa hwenhema) kunogona kutevedzera tsigiro yakapararira nokuda kwezvirongwa zvebhizimisi kana kuti zvematongerwe enyika. Uku kukanganisa inzwi rechokwadi ravanhu uye kunopa denho yetsika kukudzora kwoutongi hwehurumende yegutsaruzhinji.

Kuongorora Nyaya: Kuratidza Maonero Anoita Vanhu

Kuongorora zvakaitika kare uye zvemazuva ano kunoratidza kuti mafungiro evanhu anochinja sei migumisiro.

Musangano Wekodzero Dzevanhu (1950s - 1960)

Murangariro wavose pamusoro porusaruraganda wakachinja zvinoshamisa mumakore gumi. Mifananidzo yakatemwa yavanotsutsumwa vane rugare inodenhwa namapurisa, yakabatanidzwa noutungamiriri hwetsika hwevachena saMartin Luther King Jr., yakasunda mwero kuti itsigire chinjo. Mabhii anobva munguva yacho anoratidza kuti kutsigira mutemo wekodzero dzevagari vemo kwakakwira kubva kuvaduku kusvika kuvoruzhinji pakati pa1964 na1964. Kuchinja uku kwakanga kuri mugariro uri madikanwa nokuda kwokupfuudzwa kweCivil Rights Act (1964) uye Voting Rights Act (1965).

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze uye Kubvumirana kweParis

Murangariro wenyika yose pamusoro pechinjo yomugariro wokunze wave uchidzorwa nekurumidziro yechiito, unosundwa nenzira inowedzera nezvinoitika zvemisi yemisi yemisi yemisi yemisi yepasi zvinooneka nemishumo yesayenzi. Mukuwirirana ne Pew Research Center[, mutevedzeri wa 70% wavanhu munyika dzose dzinopfuura 17 zvino anotsigira miraudzo yorumano yakakomba yokurwisa chinjo yemamiriro okunze. Iyi nharaunda yemurangariro yakadzvinyirira kumanikidza hurumende kugamuchira miitiro yakadai secarbon priging uye kukumbanira mavakin yamarudzi ose seSangano yeParis. Apo United States yakabva muchibvumirano chavose, murangariro wavose wavanhu vose zvino unotsigira basa guru mukudzorwa kwechidzokororeso.

Kuenzana Kweroorano Nokugamuchirwa Nenzanga

Chiratidzo chokuva nemwero wevakaroorana muUnited States chinoratidzira kuti maonero evanhu anogona kutanga uye kupiwa simba pakutonga. Kubvira muna 1996 kusvika muna 2015, kutsigira kuroorana kwemunhu mumwe chete hakunei nekaviri. Kuchinja uku hakuna kuitika pasina chinhu; kwakakonzerwa nezvinobudisa nhau, nyaya dzevanhu dzakataurwa nezvinobudisa nhau, uye kukwikwidza mimhanzi. Vanhu vaingofunga kuti pakanga pasisina chiteshi, matare ezvemitemo nematare edzimhosva ainzwa zvakanaka. Dare repamusoro re 2015 rakataura nezvokunzwisisa muchato, kuzivikanwa kwaiitwa nevanhu kuti pfungwa yakabva paruzhinji yachinja.

Mugumisiro: Zvinorehwa Nemafungiro Avanhu

Murangariro wavose hausi ratidzirwo yavanhu; isimba rinoshanda, rinochinja rinoumba zvisarudzo pamwero uri wose. Kuvambira paAgora yakare kusvikira kuzvokudya zvechiTwitter, inzwi ravose ravagari vemo rine simba rokudenha chiremera, kufambisira mberi ruramisiro, uye kutungamirira nhau. Bva simba iroro rinouya mutoro: kuiyera zvakarurama, kudzivisa kudzvinyirirwa, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti inoziviswa namashoko akarurama.

Nokuda kwavadzidzi, vadzidzisi, uye varoyi vevagari vemo, kunzwisisa simba remafungiro avanhu kunokosha. Kunotibvumira kuva nemitoo yezvamatongerwe enyika inochinja, kufanodeya kutaura miitiro yezvokutengeserana, uye kutora rutivi zvine revo mugadziriro yehurumende yedemocracy. Sezvo mhoteredzo yamashoko inopfuurira kuchinja, mutambo pakati pourongwa hwemafungiro namabasa okusarudza zvichangokura bedzi zvakaoma zvikuru ($na zvinoguma napa.

Kana tikaziva zvinorehwa nepfungwa dzevanhu, tinogona kuita zvinhu zvatinoona kwete sevanhu vanozvionera chete asi sevanhu vanoshingaira mukurukurirano inoramba ichirondedzera nzanga dzedu nenyika yedu.