Chishandiso Chomutemo Chomutemo Chomutemo Wesayenzi

Nepo masayendisiti namayunivhesiti vachiita nzvero yacho chaiyoiyo, idare remitemo — zvikurukuru iKomishinari yezvemari nemitemo umo nzvero iyoyo inoitwa. Kunzwisisa iri simba kunokosha nokuda kwavanzveri, vagadziri vemitemo, uye vagari vemo vanoda kuona sayenzi ichibudirira.

Vatongi vanogona kupesvedzera sayenzi kupfurikidza nemiitiro yakasiana - siana inoverengeka: kutsigira mari zvakananga, kubvumira mutemo unoparira kana kuti unobvumira gadziriro dzokunzvera, kunzwa uko kunoumba sangano, uye mirau yapamutemo iyo inogadza mipimo yetsika nechengeteko. Simba rimwe nerimwe rine revo yechienzi pamusoro penzira iyo sayenzi inoitiswa nayo uye iyo pakupedzisira inowana inosvika kuvanhu vose.

Kuronga Mari Yokushandisa Nokuongorora

Chinonyanya kupesvedzera ikokubudisira purogiramu yegore negore. Dare rinotema mari yemasangano makuru esayenzi akadai seNational Institutes of Health (NIH), National Science Foundation (NSF), Department of Energy Office of Science, uye NASA. Idzi mari dzinonyatsoita kuti pave nepuraneti rekuongorora munenge chirango chesayenzi chose. Kuwedzera kwemari kwenguva yakadai seNational Institutes of Health (NIH), neNational Science Foundation, nepo kudimburwa kugona kufambira mberi pakurapa kenza kwemakenza kwemakore.

Somuenzaniso, 21st Century Cures Act, yakapfuudzwa muna 2016, yakagovera mabhiriyoni $4,8 (mabhiriyoni 4,8) mumari itsva nokuda kwezvirongwa zveNIH, kubatanidza Precision Medicinitinitive na BRAIN Initive. Nhingi inotevera Dare rokudzora Dare reBhautari ra2011 rakaisa zvitsama zvakaderedza NSF kupa mari yemari kumitengo yenhau ([ shobora bharame remari remari rePUNIFF jirogimes[).

Kunyora Mutemo

Kupfuura mwero yemari inopfuudzwa, Congress inogona kushandisa kubvumira mutemo kuti pave nepurogiramu itsva kana kuti masangano. American COMPETES Act, yakatanga kupfuudzwa muna 2007 ikamutsiridzazve kakawanda, yakawedzera basa reNSF mudzidzo yesayenzi uye yakatanga Expartment Research Projects Agency-Ery. Mutemo wakadaro unosanganisira mitemo yakananga inoita kuti mari ishandiswe sei — somuenzaniso, inoda kuisa ngwariro pakunzvera kushandura kana kuti panzanga dzakarendwa pasi pezvi.

Kunyora zvikwereti zvakaiswawo mitemo yokuongorora vezera rako, kugoverana mashoko, uye kusawirirana kwefariro. Apo Congress akanyora Foundations for Evidence-Based Policybing Act ya2018, yakarayira kuti masangano ehurumende, kubatanidza ayo anotsigira sayenzi, agamuchire mipimo yezvokuwana mashoko akasimba zvikuru nemiitiro. Ikoku kune tapuro dzinochinja pamagadzirire anoita vaongorori nokushuma migumisiro.

Kungwarira uye Kunzwa

Matare anotarisira eCongregary ane nyaya dzinogona kuchinja zvikuru zvinhu zvesayenzi. Kana dare rikadana vatungamiriri vesangano kana kuti richiita kuti masayendisiti apupurire, kazhinji kacho kunenge kuchichinja kufungwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Somuenzaniso, kunzwa nezvenjodzi yeOpioid kwakatungamirira kukuwedzera mari yokutsvakurudza marwadzo uye kupindwa muropa.

Oversight can also uncover mismanagement or scientific misconduct, leading to reforms. The National Academy of Sciences was restructured in part because of congressional hearings on conflict-of-interest scandals. Good oversight helps maintain public trust, but when driven by partisan motives, it can chill legitimate research.

Kuongorora Zvakaitika Nesimba Remitemo Pasayenzi

Mienzaniso yenyika chaiyoiyo inojekesa kuti zvisarudzo zvomutemo zvakaumba sei pesvedzero yesayenzi yeAmerica.

Kugadzirwa Kwevanhu Vane Ngochani

Iyi nhamburiko huru yamarudzi ose yakatangwa neCongress muna 1990 apo yakakodzera mabhiriyoni 3 emadhora anopfuura mabhiriyoni 15 kuBato reNyner neNIH. Vagadziri vemitemo vakabatanidza mari nezvinoitika zvakati, vachivimbisa kuti ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu rwaifambira mberi nokukurumidza. Rubudiriro rwegadziriro yacho rwakaratidzira kuti kuzvipira kupamutemo kunopfuuridzirwa kusayenzi yokutanga kunogona sei kuparira miuyo inochinja — uye kwakazarura suo rokuchinja kwemishonga yanhasi.

Chiito cheBayh-Dole

Zvichida hakuna chidimbu chimwe chemitemo chakaita zvakawanda kukurumidzisa kutsiviwa kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu rwapayunivhesiti kupfuura Bayh-Dole Act ya 1980. Pamberi pomutemo uyu, zviitwa zvakatangwa nenzvero inotsigirwa nehurumende ndezvehurumende, uye vashomanene vakatengeswa. Bayh-Dole yakabvumira mayunivhesiti namabhizimisi maduku kuchengeta kodzero dzinobvumirwa uye rezenisi kumakambani. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, zviuru zvemavakirwo nezvigadzirwa — kubva kuScoogle’s commond alm kuCHOVID-19 tekinoloji yezvokugadzirwa nemishonga yezvipembedzo — zvakabuda kubva muvatooki (GAO paBY-Dole miphumela yeBY [FLT]]).

Kutsigira Kuoma Kwemari uye “Mupata Worufu”

Hakusi kupesvedzera kwose kwomutemo kwakanaka. Kubvira pakutanga kwama 2000, simba rokutenga remari yaNiH raderera, murutivi nemhaka yemari yakatsarukana nokukwira kwemitengo. Ikoku kwakaparira “kuwanwa kworufu” uko kuvimbisa kwokunzvera kukuru kusingagoni kutsigira mari yokuwedzera inodikanwa kupinda mumiedzo yezvokurapa. Vagadziri vemitemo vakaedza kuvhara mukaha uyu kupfurikidza namapurogiramu akafanana neNIH’SCIINH’SFINVINCORF (SVHOR) inopa chipo, asi mari yose inoramba iri itiro inodzoreka. AAAAS R&D Bactage and Polic Program[FLD:1]

Zvinetso Mukudzikamisa Zvinhu Zvesayenzi Nezvomutemo

Vamwe vaiti vemitemo vanonetseka kuti masayendisiti anovavarira kuita zvinhu zvakapesana nezvinodiwa nevanhu vose; vamwe vanonetseka kuti kupindira mune zvematongerwo enyika kungakanganisa kuvimbika kwesayenzi.

Zviratidzo Zvendangariro Nemari Inotungamirirwa

Chimwe chishandiso chinokakavadzana ndicho chirongwa chescommional, chinorayira kuti pave nemari kusangano rakati kana kuti basa, kazhinji kazhinji muruwa rwomugadziri wemitemo. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti zviratidzo zvinogona kutsigira kusimudzirwa kwezvemari kwenharaunda uye zvirongwa zvokutsvakurudza zvomunzvimbomo. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti vanodarika gadziriro yemasainzi, zvichiita kuti sayenzi ive yakadzika zvishoma uye ingangova tsvina. Kubvira pakurambidzwa kwemabhaisikopo muna 2011, kurukurirano yacho inopfuurira.

Chinokosha ndechokuti kana mari ikaitwa nenzira inooneka uye isina kuzara, mari inotungamirirwa inogona kubatsira kuisa mikana munzvimbo dzakadai sokutsvakurudza zvoutano mumaruwa.

Kutanga Kuongorora Nhau Dzematongerwo Enyika

Masangano esayenzi haadzivirirwi patsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Congress anogona kubatanidza “vakwikwidzi” kumitengo inoganhurira mari nokuda kwamarudzi akati okunzvera — somuenzaniso, kunzvera kwamasimba masimba epfuti, fundo dzesayenzi yenzanga, kana kuti kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze. Kuvambira muna 1996 kusvikira ku 2020, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) yakarambidzwa nenzira inobudirira kubvisa sayenzi yemari ingagona kurondedzerwa seinoreverera nokuda kwokudzora pfuti, kuchitungamirira kumuka musiyano muuchapupu pamusoro pemitoo yokudzivirira inobudirira.

Zvirambidzo zvakadaro zvinokanganisa sayenzi nokuti hazvidi kuita kuti pave nebasa rakaoma rokuvaka nyaya dzinoda kungwarira. Nzira yakanaka ndeyokukurudzira zvidzidzo zvakasimba, zvokuzvimirira asi zvichibvumira nzanga dzenyanzvi kuronga zvirongwa zvokutsvakurudza ( zvinyorwa zveNational Academymm zvinotaura nezverusununguko rwesayenzi [).

Nzira Iyo Varairi Vemitemo Vanogona Kutsigira Nayo Kufambira Mberi Kwesayenzi

Kune zviito zvinovaka zvinoverengeka izvo vaiti vemitemo vanogona kuita zvinopfuura kungonyora bedzi zvichekero zvikuru.

  • Kuwedzera nokudzikamisa mari yeR&D [[FLT:]: Kudzorwa kwamakore mazhinji nokuvimba mari nokuda kwenharaunda chaidzo (g., simba rakachena, utachiona hwagadzirirwa) kuderedza kusava nechokwadi. Defense Exploring Research Projects Agency (DARPA) yomuenzaniso wemashoko epurogiramu yegore ra566 akabudirira asi akasawanzodzidzwa nemhaka yemitemo yebhajeti.
  • Kukudziridza paipi yavashandi: Mabhiri akadai seAmerica COMPETES Act yomudzidzisi wemari, mari nokuda kwamapoka ari pasi, uye mapurogiramu okuverenga. Maroja akasiyana - siyana anosimbisa kutangwa kwechinhu.
  • promote sayenzi yakazaruka namashoko zvinogoverana: Varevereri vanogona kuraira kuvhura nokubudisa uye mipimo yamashoko yamabhuku emichina nokuda kwokunzvera kunotsigirwa nehurumende. OSTP “Nelson Meemor” (2022) inoda kusvika kwavose nokukurumidza ichiratidzo, asi tsigiro yesangano inopfuuridzirwa inodikanwa kutsigira kutsigira zvivako.
  • Kubatira pamwe kwavanhu voga [: Zvibereko zvakafanana neBio Medical Edvance Research and Development Authority (BARDA) neManfecting USA universitys zviripo bedzi nemhaka yokuti Congress yakazvisika. Iyi mienzaniso inoderedza kukura kwedariro rapakuvamba uye inokurumidzisa kushambadza.
  • Kuwana mitumbi yesayenzi inopa rondedzero: Miitiro yamarongerwo yakadai seDare raPurezidhendi reSayenzi neCHENS (PCAST) neCongregational Research Research Service (CRS) inogovera unyanzvi husingasaruri. Vaiti vemitemo vanovimba nezviwanikwa izvi vanoita zvisarudzo zviri nani.

Kuvaka Mari Yesayenzi Yebipartisan

Sayenzi inotsigira nemari yakafara munhau, asi izvozvo hazvichashandisi. “CHIPS neSayenzi Act” muna 2022 zvakapfuvura nezvivhoti zvikuru zvinobva kumativi ose ari maviri, kubatanidza kuwedzera kukuru kweNSF, DOE, uye nzvero yezvesayenzi yapachivande. Chinokosha chakanga chiri kuisa mukurumbira pamakwikwi okukwikwidzana enyika nechengeteko yemari panzvimbo pemipimo yokunzvera isinganzwisisiki. Kana sayenzi ichigona kubatanidzwa namabasa nedziviriro yorudzi, inowana makumbo akasimba zvikuru ezvamatongerwe enyika.

Mazano akanakisisa ezvemitemo esayenzi anosimbisa migumisiro inogoveranwa: utano hwakanaka, simba rinochenesa, uye nyika yakachengeteka zvikuru.

Kuongorora Nokuongorora Kunodzika Midzi

Sayenzi painokurumidza kupinda munzvimbo dzakaita sedzinoronga magene (CRISPR), uchenjeri hwokugadzira, uye gadziriro dzokuzvitonga, dare remitemo rinofanira kuita panguva imwe chete richiita kuti vanhu vakwanise kuvandudza zvinhu uye kudzivirira nzanga pamigumisiro isiri kutarisirwa.

Kuronga Kwomuzvarirwo Kwomunhu

2018 kuberekwa kwamapatya akagadzirwa magene muChina kwakanyandura hasha nokumutsidzirwa kwezvikumbiro zvemitemo. MuU.S., Congress yakarangarira zvikwereti kurambidza kugadzirwa kweutachiona hwomunhu pasina chengeteko yakajeka nemvumo. Basa razvino uno — FDA chiremera chokudzora kurapa nemavara okugara nhaka, miraudzo yeNIH yokunzvera, uye mitemo yehurumende pamusoro pezvokugadzirwa kwemichina yokubereka — haisati yakakwana nokuda kwefambiro mberi iri mberi.

Uchenjeri Hunogadzirwa

AI inopa denho yechienzi nemhaka yokuti asciptions dzayo dzinoda kusvika chikamu chiri chose. Act yekuzvidavirira ne[FLT]NSIST FIS HES system Methoual medication system [ inhamburiko dzapakuvamba, asi Chibvumirano chinofanira kuramba chichivandudza mitemo yokukurukura tsvedzero yemitemo yemitemo, yakavanzika, uye kuendesa basa. Majereta anobatana nenyanzvi dzemichina uye mutyairi wejecha anogona kudzora mitemo inokurudzira kugadzirwa kwebasa kugadzirwa kwepasi apo inochengeta chivimbo chavanhu vose.

Kuenzanisa Kwamarudzi Ose: Zviri Kuitwa Nemamwe Masimba

Kunzvera nzira iyo dzimwe nyika dzinobata nayo muitiro wesayenzi kunogona kuzivisa kusvika kuri nani kwemitemo.

Europe Union

Nyika dziri muEU dzinoronga kunzvera kupfurikidza neFiringing Europe, chirongwa chemichina chemabhiriyoni 955.5 yegore chinosimbisa “zvinangwa zvokusatora rutivi mushoko” zvakadai sokusatora rutivi kwemamiriro okunze uye kudzivirirwa kwekenza. Kubatanidzwa kwemitemo yenyika kunowanzotsigira zvirongwa zvokushandira pamwe, uye Paramende yeEU inodzora kupfurikidza netendero yemari uye tarisiro yeEuropean Research Council.

China

National People’s Congress yeChina inotendera kuti nyika itendere mari yakawanda yezvoruzivo rwemitemo yakadai seAl, quantam computing, uye kugadzirwa kwezvemitemo. Asi muitiro wemitemo hauna kujeka zvikuru uye unonyanya kuiswa pakati. ChiChina chinoratidza kuti mari inonyanya kushandiswa inogona kuita kuti ikurumidze kushandiswa, asi ingatadzisa kuongorora uye kuva nengozi yokuzvimiririra.

Germany

Mari yeBundestag yeGermany inopirwa neMax Planck neHelmholtz nenzvimbo dzinovharwa inobvumira kuti igovere kugadzikana kwemakore akawanda, ichisunungura vatsvakurudzi pakuronga mari kwegore negore. Izvi zvakaita kuti kutsvakurudza kukuru kweGermany mupasi rose kuone kuva kutsigira mari kwemakore akawanda kwemasangano akadai seNSF.

Kuenzanisa kwenyika dzakawanda kunosimbisa kuti hapana gadziriro imwe chete yakakwana, asi miitiro yakanakisisa yemitemo inobatanidza kutsigira nemari kwakasimba, kuongorora kwezera, uye nharidzano dzenzanga dzakajeka.

Zvinokurudzirwa Masayendisiti Nevakurukuri Vanotsvakurudza

Kana uri musayendisiti kana kuti mutsigiri wenzvero, hausati uri asina simba mugadziriro ino. kuvimbisana zvinobudirira navaiti vemitemo kunogona kuita musiano.

  • Huru huru kana kuti shoo yerabhoritari yavanogadzira mitemo : Kuratidzirwa kwomunhu oga kunzvimbo dzokunzvera kunogona kuva kunonyengetedza zvikuru kupfuura zuva rakazara. Mitezo yeCongress yakashanyira rabhoritari sezvingabvira zvikuru inotsigira mari yayo.
  • Communicate mumutauro wetsika kana kuti wewirirano : Dzivisa chirango; ronga basa rako maererano namabasa, utano, chengeteko, kana kuti kukura kwemari. Peji imwe yakajeka yegore yekuti kunzvera kwako kunobetsera sei ruwa kana kuti nyika yakafanirwa nedzinenge dzine chiuru ramadhiradhi.
  • Njeresa namasangano ane unyanzvi: Mapoka akafanana neAmerican Association for the fambiroment of Science (AAAAS) anochengeta mibatanidzwa ine simba yezvokudzora uye anogona kugovera rovedzo mumuitiro wesayenzi. Science & Technoloji Policy Acroshation [ anoisa masayendisiti zvakananga mumahofisi namasangano.
  • Partipate mumhiko netsinhiro nhambo[[FLT: 1]: Masangano eFederal anodikanirwa kubudisa mitemo inokarakadzwa nokuda kwetsinhiro yavose. Kupfurikidza nokupa mhinduro dzine ndangariro dzakanaka, masayendisiti anogona kuumba mirau inotapura minda yavo. Tsinhiro iri yose inoraviwa ndokurongwa.

Ukoshi Hwesayenzi yeBipartis

MuImba neDare reU.S., mune zvisakiso zvakanangidzirwa pasayenzi, kutanga, uye nzvero yezvokurapa. Mapoka aya anoronga nzendo pfupi nedzinowana maidi. Masayendisiti anofanira kusvasvavirira kuiyi mibato kuti ape unyanzvi. Kunyange ukama humwe nomushandi wesayenzi anogona kuva netapuro yakatanhamara apo hondo dzemari dzinorongwa dzinomuka.

mhedziso

Bazu remitemo rinoshandisa pesvedzero huru pamusoro penhungamiro, nhanho, uye kunyange kuvapo kwenzvero yesayenzi. Kupfurikidza nokurangarira, zvibvumikiso, utarisiri, uye mirau, vaiti vemitemo vanogona kukurumidzisa kubudirira kana kuti kuvaisa vasingazivi. Utano hwebhizimisi rokunzvera hunotsamira kwete bedzi pakunakira zviremera zvemitemo asiwo pakutora rutivi kwenzanga yesayenzi mumuitiro wesayenzi. Nokunzwisisa maitiro anorondedzerwa munyaya ino — kubva kumipimo yemari kusvika kukuenzanisa kwenyika dzose — vatsvakurudzi vezvo vanogona kuva vatsigiri vebasa vakachenjera zvikuru, uye vagadziri vemitemo vanogona kuva vakachenjera zvikuru, vanotarira sayenzi. Nheyo huru inharidzano yokubudirira: gadziriro dzemitemo dzinosimudzira sayenzi yakasimba, idzo dzinoita kuti sayenzi igadzirise zvinetso zvikuru pamusoro pezviko.

Nokuda kwaavo vanotsvaka nzvero huru, Canreg.gov percentage painoitwa mitemo [ ne Office yekuzvidavirira yeR& D inogovera mapfundo okuvamba ane chiremera.