Murangariro wavose unomira serimwe ramasero enheyo ehurumende inotonga kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Inomirira inzwi reboka ravagari vemo, rinogovera nhungamiro uye maruramiro kuzvisarudzo zvamatongerwe enyika. Mupesvedzero yapamutemo yakasimba, kupararira kwepesvedzero pakati pezvinofunga vanhu nezvinoita hurumende kunopfuurira uye nesimba. Nepo murangariro wacho unoratidzika kuva wakananga / unobvunza vanhu chavanoda ndokutevera icho chinotungamirira. Murangariro wavose hausati uri wakaoma zvikuru, simba rinowirirana nechinhu chimwe; unonzvera, unoumba, unotapura mifungo yezvitendero, mipimo, uye zvinoda zvinogona kuchinja nezvinoitika, zvinobudisa mashoko, uye zvinoitika zvomunhu oga. Kunzwisisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Kuyera, kuyera, uye mirangariro yawo kunokosha nokuda kwavagari vemo vanoda kuva nevanotonga vatungamiriri vavo. Nyaya dzinonzvera zvikuru, mitoo yavose, mitoo inonzvera mitoo yayo, mitoo, uye mitoo inotevedzerwa.

Kurondedzera Maonero Anoita Vanhu

Pamavambo pazvo, murangariro wavose unonongedzera kukusawirirana kwezvimiro zvendangariro kana kuti zvitendero zvinochengetwa nevagari vemo panhau dzinonetsa vanhu. Zvisinei, iyi rondedzero iri nyore inofukidza pfungwa yakapfuma neyakapokanidzwa. Nyanzvi dzinosiyanisa pakati pemarudzi akasiyana - siyana emurangariro wavanhu: mamwe mirangariro inobatidzwa zvikuru uye inotsiga, nepo mamwe achichinja nyore. Panewo musiyano pakati pa [[[FLT: 0]] pfungwa inosarurwa [[[FLT]]] [[FLT]]]] [1] [miongororo dzisati dzaitwa zvizere kana kuti dzinoratidzirwa, [[FLT:] uye [[FLT]] pfungwa hurusa, iyo inoratidzirwa zvakajeka munzvero kana kuti hurukuro yapachena. Murangariro wapachena haisingoriwo zvawo yose yezvakanakira vanhu; [maokawo anobatanidza urongwa nezvakafungwa nezvakako, zvinozivikanwa kuti zvinotendwa, zvinotendwa mumirirwa mumifungo wezvamatongerwedzo yezvamatongerwe enyika, inotongedzero inotongedzerwa pachena, inoto dzinoratidzirwa pachena, munhau dze

Nheyo Dzenhau Dzomufungo

Pfungwa yokuti vagari vemowo zvavo vanofanira kuva neshoko rokuti vanotaurwa mukutongwa kwavo muUnited States mukati meKuvhenekerwa. Vafungi vakaita saJohn Locke naJean-Jacques Rousseau vakatsigira kuti hurumende yapamutemo inotsamira pakubvuma kwevadzorwa. Pakasvika zana ramakore rechi 19, vacherechedzi vezvamatongerwe enyika vakadai saAlexis de Tocqueville vakacherekedza simba riri kukura revo yavanhu muUnited States, vachiirondedzera sesimba ramano akavanzika asi akapararira rinogona kuumba mitemo nemiraumbidziko. Kutangwa kwemurangariro wesayenzi muma1930 kunoitwa naGeorge Gallup nevamwe vakachinja murangariro wavose kubva mudariro isina kusinganzwisisiki. Nhasi, kunzvera ibasa renyika rinopesvedzera zvinhu zvakawanda zvikuru kubva mukugadzirwa kwegadziriro. Kunyange zvakadaro, nhau yokuongorora yenhau yakacherekedzwa yakakurumbira zvikuru yenhau yenhau yeU.

Mabasa Epfungwa Dzavose Muhurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu

Zvisarudzo Zvinomanikidza Kusarudza Mitemo

Vakuru vakuru vanoziviswa, negadziriro, vanokarirwa kupindura funganyo dzavo. Apo murangariro wavanhu unoda zvikuru nzira yakati yechiito chakadai sokufukidzwa kwezvoutano kwakawedzera kana kuti kushandiswa kwedziviriro kwakawanda kwejeri rokuzvidzivirira najeri rokudzivirira kunowanzonzwa vamanikidzwa kuita chimwe chinhu. Zvidzidzo zvezvamatongerwe enyika nguva dzose zvinowana kuwirirana pakati pepfungwa dzavose nemitemo, zvikurukuru panhau dzavose. Somuenzaniso, kutsigira kwavose kwakapararira nokuda kwemitengo yehurumende muWestern Democracy kwakabatsira zvikuru kuchinja kwapamutemo. Nenzira yakafanana, kuchinja kwemafungiro pamusoro pekuchinja kwapamutemo kwembanjere muU.S.grog, zvisinei, kurukurirano yacho haingongoerekani; vakuru vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vangadzivisa murangariro wakakurumbira kana boka ravo, zvitendero zvavo vogaro, kana kuti rwisanopafariro yavose. Kunyange zvakadaro, kunyange zvakadaro, mirangariro inopesana nemitemo inodzorwa yavose inodzorwa nokuda kwemigaro yemitemo yemitemo yavose.

Kupererwa Nemigumisiro

Kusarudza inzira yakananga zvikurusa iyo murangariro wavanhu unoshandura nayo kuva simba rezvamatongerwe enyika. Vanogadzira mashoko avo, zvikamu, uye gadziriro dzenhimbe dzakavakirwa paidzo nzvero namapoka anonangidzira zvinozivisa pamusoro pezvinhu zvokutanga. Mudaviri anofuratira murangariro wavose panhau yakadai sefunganyo yezvemari kana kuti kubuda (vhotera) kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji anobhadhara mutengo pabhokisi rezvombo. Uyezve, murangariro wavose mukati menhimbe dzenhimberi dzenhimbe unogona kuchinjika zvikuru mukupindura kunharo, zvikanganiso, kana kuti zvinoitika zvikuru, kuita kuti chishandiso chaichoicho chezvo chebasa revakuru vakuru vakuru vezvirongwa. 2020. U.S. Sarudzo yapurezidhendi, somuenzaniso, yakaona mirangariro mikuru yakabatanidzwa nechengedzero yeCHOUD.

Kuzvidavirira

Murangariro wavose unoshanda secherekedzo pasimba rehurumende. Apo vatungamiriri vanotsauka pane izvo vanhu vanoda, vanorasikirwa nokusatendeseka uye, pakupedzisira, nzvimbo dzavo. Uku kuzvidavirira kunoitika kwete bedzi pazuva revhoti asiwo mushoko romutungamiriri, kupfurikidza nemirariro yetendero, kunyunyuta, uye kunzvera. Kusatendera kukuru kunogona kunyandura mapoka etsoropodzo, kunyandura denho dzoutungamiriri, kana kuti muitiro wokukurumidza kudzosa. Muparamende, kuderera kukuru mumurangariro wavose kunogona kutoparira kuvhotera kusavimba. Somuenzaniso, kwakaumbwa negwededza uye kufambiswa kwavose netendero yavose yakatsigirwa navanhu vose kukwanisa kubvisa zvirongwa zvezvinzvimbo zvinoda kuitirwa, nepo vanotsigirwa nokusarira.

Kuderedza Kuchinja Kwenzanga Nezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kupfuura kusarudza uye mirau, murangariro wavose unoparira masangano makuru enzanga. Apo vazhinji vagari vemo vanodenha vanovamba kurangarira nhau seyakaipa kana kuti yokukurumidzira, chiito cheboka chinogona kutanga kuda chinjo. Sangano rekodzero dzavagari vemo, kudzorwa kwavakadzi, zviito zvemhoteredzo, uye kutsutsumwa kwazvino uno nokuda kweruramisiro yedzinza zvose zvakawana simba kubva pakuchinja mumurangariro wavose wenzanga. (8) Kakawanda kuvamba kuchinja kwapamutemo. Masangano enzanga ose ari maviri anoratidza uye anoumba murangariro wavose, anoshandisa mitoo yemichina, uye bvumirano yezvinobudisa nhau kuti agadzirise mamiriro ezvinhu echitendero. Kana murangariro wavose wasvika papfundo pfundo, kuoma kuti hurumende dzichengetedze mugariro mukuru. Uku kurangarira kuoma sei kuoneka kuti kupfurikidza nechimiro chavose hachisi chiratidziro chendangariro chapamutemo chavose chemhindumupinduko yemhindu yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.

Zvinhu Zvinoumba Mafungiro Evanhu

Mitemo Yezvinobudisa Mashoko Nemashoko

Zvinobudisa nhau zvinoramba zviri chimwe chezvinhu zvine simba zvikuru pamaonero evanhu. Nokuronga, kunyora, uye kufumura kwakasarudzwa, mabudiro enhau anogona kusimudzira nhau dzakati ndokuumba manzwisisire avanhu. Somuenzaniso, kufutunurwa kukuru kwoutsotsi kunogona kukwidziridza kunzwisiswa kwavose kwokupararira kwahwo, nepo kushuma kwokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kuchigona kudzivisa kunetseka. Kunyange zvazvo mamiriro enhau enhau enzanga achidzongova nechetura anogona kukurira uku kutapura nokukurumidza, achibvumira kuti zviri muvhairasi kuti zviparadzire nokukurumidza, asi achigadzirawo makamuri okudzokorora apo vanoshandisa vanongofunga zvinhu zvinosimbisa ivo vamene chete. Miteo yomutemo inoita kuti zvinhu zvine chokuita zvinhu zvinokosha uye vateereri. Pasinei zvapo nokunetseka pamusoro pe “mapepanhau, mapepanhau namaterevhizheni anoramba achingoita basa guru, zvikurukuru pakati pevanhu vakuru vakuru.

Kuchinja Zvemagariro Evanhu

Mhuri, dzidzo, uye mapoka ezera ndidzo dzinoparira nzanga. Vana kazhinji kazhinji vanogara nhaka mirangariro yokuda kusarura nenheyo zvavabereki vavo, kunyange zvazvo izvozvi zvinogona kuchinja nokuratidzirwa kumirangariro yakasiana muchikoro kana kuti kupfurikidza nezvinoitika zvoupenyu. Mwero wedzidzo inobatana nezvimiro zvakati zvendangariro ne() dzidzo yakakwirira zvikuru inowanzosonganirana nemirangariro yenzanga yakasununguka zvikuru nebvumirano huru yezvamatongerwe enyika. Pesvedzero, zvikurukuru mukati moukuru hwechiduku, inogonawo kubvisa mirangariro panhau dzakafanana nedzinza, mabasa echikadzi, uye muitiro wezvemari. Uyezve, tsika dzenzanga netsika dzomunzvimbomo zvinoparira misiano yendangariro yavose munzvimbo dzose, sezvinooneka mumisiyano yavanhu vemaruwa.

Zviitiko Zvinokosha Nezvakaitika

Zviitiko zvikuru zvemari ($$$$s), kurwisa kwemagandanga, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, zvirwere zvinongoerekana zvaonekwa nevanhu. Somuenzaniso, kurwisa kwe9/11 kwakaparira kuwedzera kwourudzi uye kutsigira matanho okuchengeteka ayo akazoderera. Njodzi yemari ya2008 yakakonzera kusavimba mabhangi kwakapararira uye kurayira kuti pave nemitemo. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, denda reCOVID-19 rakachinja maonero evanhu pamusoro pezvoutano, kupindira kwehurumende, uye simba resayenzi. Zviitiko zvako, zvakadai sokurasikirwa nebasa, kuita kuti nhengo yemhuri ipererwe, kana kuti ishande mashandiro ehurumende, inoudzawo munhu mumwe nomumwe zvawo pfungwa. Izvi zvinowanzova nouko zvinorema kupfuura mashoko asina kufungwa, zvinoita kuti vatyairi vane simba pamusoro pemanzwiro evanhu.

Kuparadzana Kwemipimo

Zera, dzinza, dzinza, mugariro wenzanga, uye rudzidziso zvose zvinowirirana nemifungo yakasiana. Somuenzaniso, zvizvarwa zviduku zvinokombamira kuva zvinofambira mberi zvikuru panhau dzenzanga uye zvinoitira hanya zvikuru pamusoro pechinjo yemamiriro okunze, nepo vavhoti vakura kazhinji kazhinji vanoisa dzikamo yemari netsika dzegamuchidzanwa. Mukaha wevarume nevakadzi mukuvhota wakacherekedzwa muhurumende dzakawanda dzinosarudzwa navanhu vose, vakadzi vachitsamira zvikuru kumapoka echokwavo anobva kuruboshwe nepakati pamakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura. Rudzi nedzinza kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanochengeta mirangariro yakasiana pamusoro pechitsauko, kutama, uye rusaruro runosariranwa navanhu vazhinjisariranwa. Uku kuvevakidzana havachinjiki senzanga, kunoita kuti kuve kunokosha nokuda kwezvirongwa zvokunzvera uye vezvematongerwe enyika kubvisa kurangarira mashoko avose panzvimbo dzavose panzvimbo dzavanhu vose.

Kuyera Mafungiro Evanhu: Nzira Nezvinetso

Kushatisa Kwesayenzi

Nzvero dzazvino uno dzinotsamira pamienzaniso yakatevedzana kuva nechokwadi chokuti boka duku ravapindudzi rinogona kuratidzira chiverengero chikuru zvikuru chavagari vemo. Kuvhota kworunhare, mabhodhi ekombiyuta, uye kunzverwa kwetsamba imwe neimwe zvinouya nezvokutengeserana. Mwero yezvipinduriro yakaderera zvikuru, kutungamirira vavhoti kumashoko okurema kupfurikidza nenhamba dzinoda kuwanda uye kugadziridza kupfurikidza nokusavapo kwemhoshoro. Muchetoo wemhosho, unowanzoshumwa pamwero wakati uko uko uko uko uko chiverengero chavanhu chazvokwadi chinogona kuderera. Kunzvera kwaparirwa zvakanaka kunogona kudeya manyuko enyuko uye mipimo yemifungo yemifungo inoorora inoorora miuyo inoorora, sezvinoonekwa mumasangano enyika akadai sePew Research Center neGallup.

Mapoka Okuisa Pfungwa Pachinhu Chimwe uye Mitoo Yokuwedzera

Apo nzvero dzinogovera, mapoka anopa ukuru. Mapoka maduku avanhu anotungamirirwa kupfurikidza nekurukurirano dzine mwero pamusoro, achizivisa kwete bedzi izvo vanhu vanofunga asi chikonzero nei vachizvifunga. Uku nzwisiso dzinobetsera vezvamatongerwe enyika navatengesi kunzwisisa mirangariro nenhauro dziri seri kwemirangariro. Mapoka epfungwa anobetsera zvikurukuru nokuda kwokuedza mutauro, kunyora, uye kutumira mashoko pamberi penhimbe huru.

Marekodhi Okubudisa Mavhidhiyo uye Emadhiragi

Kuwanda kwemichina yakagadzira nzira itsva dzokuyera nadzo murangariro wavanhu munguva chaiyoiyo. Kunzvera kwematuyeti, tsinhiro, uye kugovera kunogona kuratidzira zviito zvekurumidziro kuzviitiko. Zvisinei, vanoshandisa vesociation havamiriri vagari vomunyika neruzhinji rwevagari vemo ne(vanowanzova vaduku zvikuru, vanoshingaira mune zvematongerwe enyika, uye vanopesana zvikuru. Kupfuurirazve, mabhiti akarongwa neanoshanda neakarongwa anogona kuisa pfungwa dzakajeka kana kuti dzinomonyoroka. Nokudaro, nepo maredhireshi haalytic anogovera kumhanya nokuwanda, vanoda kungwarira pakunzvera kwegamuchidzanwa.

Matambudziko

Pasinei zvapo nefambiro mberi dzounyanzvi, kuyera murangariro wavose unoramba uchizadzwa nezvinetso. [[FLT:]] Kupesvedzera rusaruro kunoitika apo mapoka akati anopinzwa kana kuti anopinzwa zvakawandisa, migumisiro. [[FLT:]]] tsvimbo yemashoko inoita kuti mhinduro dzive dzinogamuchirika, dzinodavirwa zvikuru, zvikurukuru pamusoro pe “ii. kubvunza pamusoro pe“ vs. "kubetsera nokuda kwomurombo” kubereka miuyo yakasiana. [[FLT:]] [FLT]] shatiswo yokwapa dziite kuti rondedzere mhinduro dzinopa mirangariro yavo inogamuchirika pane kurangarira zvinhu zvavo zvechokwadi, zvikurukuru panhau dzinonzwika. [FFGenetic]

Kukanganiswa Kunoitwa Mirangariro Yevanhu Pakuita Zvemitemo

Vagadziri vemitemo vanowanzodudza murangariro wavose sechikonzero chikuru chokusuma kana kuti kuvhara mutemo. Muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzakawanda, mutoo wokumirira wakagadzirirwa kuwiriranisa chiito chehurumende nezvinodiwa nevagari vemo. Zvisinei, kunzvera kunoratidza kuti simba reiyi nhevedzano rinosiyana. Panhau dzinobata ngwariro yakapararira (kwakadai sokudzorwa kwepfuti kana kuti kubvisa mimba kodzero dzokubvisa pamuviri pashure pokutonga kwedare.) Munemhiko yemitemo yehurumende yehurumende. Somuenzaniso, mukudzorwa kwezvirongwa zvepazhizha muna 2018, chirongwa chefitiody Florida chinopfura nokukurumidza chipfuramisa chitsaudzira chitsamanyuko chezviito zvepfutiko. Panhau shomanene dzechipfuti, mutemo ungasarira shure kana kuti kupesana nemurangariro mukuru, zvikurukuru apo zvirongwa zvemhindu kana kuti zviverevo.

Murangariro wavose unotapurawo muitiro kupfurikidza nokunyoresa nokutanga, uko vagari vemo vanovhota zvakananga pamitemo yakati. Gadziriro yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji yeSwitzerland inowanzoisa nhau kuvhota yavose, ichivimbisa kusanorongwa pakati pemitemo nechido chakakurumbira. Muhurumende dzeUnited States, nhano dzokuvhota pamusoro pokunyoreswa kwapamutemo kwembanje, wedzero yemari inotanwa, uye kutarisirwa kwoutano kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kwakapfuudzwa pasinei zvapo nokusaita pamutemo, kuratidzira kuti murangariro wavanhu unogona sei kuvhara masangano anomirira. Uyezve, kunzwa kwavose uye nhambo dzinotsinhira nhambo dzinobvumira vagari vemo kuti vataure mipimo inokarakadzwa, vachipa vamiririri vadzo vadzo vadzo vadzo vadzorwi vadzorwi vemipimo.

Matambudziko Anoita Mafungiro Evanhu

Kusaziva uye Kusakwanisa Kushanda

Rondedzero yedemocratic inowanzofunga kuti vagari vemo vakasanodzidziswa uye vane mirangariro inowirirana. Zvomenemene, vavhoti vazhinji vane zivo yakaganhurirwa pamusoro poudzame hwemiitiro uye vangachengeta mirangariro inopesana kana kuti isingachinji. Chifo cha 1960, masayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika akapupurira aya “sino kuvimbika,” umo vanhu vanopindura mibvunzo isina mufungo chaiwoiwo. Mifungo yakadaro isina mufungo inogona kudzorwa nepanikiro kana kuti zvinoitika zvazvino uno, ichivaita vatungamiriri vasina kuvimbika nokuda kwemiitiro. Ikoku kunomutsa mubvunzo wokuti: vatungamiriri vanofanira kutevera murangariro wavose kunyange apo yakavakirwa pamashoko asina kururama kana kuti mirangariro iko inokurumidza?

Kunyengera uye Mashoko Anoparadzirwa

Murangariro wavose hauna kuumbwa muchinhu chisina maturo. Hurumende dzezvamatongerwe enyika, varevereri venhau, uye mapoka efariro anoshanda nokushingaira kuuumba kupfurikidza nokushambadzira, kutenderera, uye kuisa pfungwa pachinhu chimwe. Kukura kwemaatomuchini enzanga kwakagonesa kupesana kwemashoko echisaririra chinogona kukanganisa kunzwisisa kwavanhu. Hurumende dzinopa mikana yokugadzira midziyo yenyengedzo yeuswa (“kuedza kubudisa”) kana kuti kudzvinyirira kusabvumirana kuti pave nepokano. MuDemocracyism, uku kukanganisa kutendeka kwepfungwa dzavose sekutaura kwechokwadi kwezvido zvakakurumbira. Vagari venyika vanofanira kungwarira pamusoro pezviwanikwa zvemashoko uye vavariro dzemashoko anonyengetesa mashoko.

Populism Nokugadzira Mazai

Masangano ePopulist anowanzotaura kuti anomirira “voruzhinji vakanyarara” mukupesana nevoruzhinji. Nepo achisimbisa murangariro wavose, populgist inogonawo kubvisa mirangariro inopesana ndokubvisa mipimo yedemokrase. Kunyanyisa kunoreva kuti murangariro wavanhu unowedzera kuva wedzinza, navapanduki vachigamuchira nzvimbo dzakavakirwa pazivikanwo yeboka panzvimbo penhau. Uku kupesana kunoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuwana nzvimbo dzavose uye kunogona kutungamirira kutsika. Mumhoteredzo dzakadaro, vezvamatongerwe enyika vangatsvaka kuti vatsigire nzvimbo dzavo apo vanenge vachifuratira ufakazi hunopesana, kupfuurirazve kushatisa ukama pakati pomurangariro nemitemo.

mhedziso

Murangariro wavose hausi donzo rakakwana nokuda kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, asi unoramba uri unokosha. Unopa inzwi kuvadzorwi, unopa vatungamiriri mutoro, uye unogovera zvinhu zvisina kurongwa nokuda kwokuchinja kwenzanga. Kunzwisisa mugariro wazvo (sezvingaitwa sei, kuti kunogona kuyera sei, uye kuti kunopesvedzera sei zvomenemene hurumende (icho chinopesvedzera munhu upi noupi anoda kutora rutivi nenzira ine revoruzhinji. Utano hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu hunobva pakurukurirano inopfuurira pakati pavagari vemo navamiririri vavo, kurukurirano inotsigirwa nekurukurirano yavose inoziviswa uye kurangarirwa kwakarurama kweizvo vanhu vanofunga zvirokwazvo uye zvavanoda.

Kunzvera zvakawanda pamusoro perondedzero nomuitiro wemurangariro wavose, rangarira kurava Pew Research Center yevorence retsananguro dzendangariro yavose, , [Mafungire] Anoramba achifungwa [, uye [[FLT]] Encyclopedia yeFilosofiki inopinda pamurangariro wavose[[].