Kutanga: Hondo yeMashoko Matsva

Kuchinja kubva pakudhindwa kuenda kumakombiyuta kwachinja nzira inoshandiswa nevagari vemo, kugoverana, uye kuyera mashoko. Muzuva rimwe chete, munhu anenge akasangana nemisoro yakawanda, manyuko esocial media, mavhidhiyo, uye mameseji (akawanda angangova anotsausa kana kuti enhema zvachose). Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaoma kukuita kuti pave nechekuita zvisarudzo zvehurumende inosarudzwa nemunhu achiziva kuti aite zvisarudzo zvakanaka pabhokisi rebhorati uye muupenyu hwevanhu vemoga.

Kusiyana nezvinonyorwa zvenhau zvegamuchidzanwa, izvo zvinoshuma zviitiko zvazvino uno, kuongorora idi kunotora kutaura kuripo(kubva kuna vezvamatongerwe enyika, mavhairasi, manyuko enhau, uye kupesvedzera kwenzanga dzemagariro avanhu) uye kunozviisa muuchokwadi hwegadziriro. Chimiro chenhau dzokuzvidavirira idzo dzisingapi mashoko anokosha. Munhambo umo mashoko okusarura anopararira nokukurumidza kupfuura kushuma kwakarurama, masangano anonzvera maidi akava magariro anotsoropodza. Kupfurikidza nokugovera vagari vemo vamaturusi kuti vanzwisise idi renhau, zvinobetsera kusimudzira nzvimbo inosarukirwa vanhu vose pahwaro youfakazi panzvimbo yemirangariro kana kuti mitoo.

Mbiru Dzoubati Ushe Hworuzhinji Husina Kuzivikanwa

Koromende inoshanda inotsamira pamano avagari vemo vayo okuwana mashoko akarurama. Misprondix inoputsa iyi fandesheni kupfurikidza nokuumba nhauro dzenhema, kudzikamisa mapoka, uye kusekesa chivimbo mumasangano.

Kuita Chisarudzo Chinoziva

Vadzori vanotsamira pamashoko akatendeseka kuti vaongorore vavhoti, mitemo, uye nhano dzokuvhota. Apo nhema dzevhairasi pamusoro pemiitiro yokuvhota, zvinyorwa zvokuda kuvhota, kana kuti miuyo yemitemo inotenderera zvikuru, vanokanganisa kurukurirano yavose. Idi kunzvera kunobetsera kururamisa chinyorwa ichochi kusati kwaitika. Somuenzaniso, mukati memiitiro yokuvhota, anotaura pamusoro pomuvhoti, mitemo yemitero, kana kuti chinjo dzoutano dzinonzverwa namaidi echokwadi akafanana na [FLT:]] Polict Fact[FLT] [3] na[FLT:][FLT][5][FLT][FFF]ct.FF:[5]

Kudzorera Kuvimba Muzvinobudisa Nhau Nemasangano

Chivimbo muzvinobudisa nhau zvegamuchidzanwa chaderera munyika dzakawanda, zvichipesvedzerwa nokupomera rusaruro uye kuwanda kwemashoko anoshandiswa zvisina kujekeswa. Masangano echokwadi anowirirana nezvinooneka, masangano asingaendi kuchechi anogona kubetsera kuvakazve chivimbo ichocho. Kana kutaura kuongororwa nouchapupu hwakanyorwa zvakajeka , pfungwa dzenyanzvi, uye magwaro apakuvamba (8) mugumisiro unoratidza kuti mugari wemo upi noupi anogona kutsigira. Nokufamba kwenguva, kugadziridza, kujeka kweidi kunogona kuvakazve kuvimbwa, kunyange pakati pavateereri vanopanikira.

Kubvisa Kupararira Kwenhema

Mashoko enhema anowanzopararira nemhaka yokuti vanhu vanogoverana manyuko vasingaabvumikisi. Idi rinogadzira gadziriro yokugadzira zvinhu. Masangano enzanga anokakavadzanazve nezvinotaurwa nenhau dzinoongorora zvinhu, achideredza bviro yenhema. Uyezve, apo vanhu vanodzidza kuongorora zvinhu zvavo vamene, vanova nengozi shoma yokuwedzera marara. Iyi tsika inoganhurira kuvadziko inogona kuparira utano hwavanhu vose, kuvimbika, uye kubatana munzanga.

Chokwadi Chinoitika: Kusanonzvera

Kuongorora chokwadi hausi murangariro; mutoo wakarongeka wemitoo. Nepo sangano rimwe nerimwe rine chimiro charo rimene charo ($vamwe vanoshandisa mwero wenhamba, mamwe chiratidzo chakapfava chechokwadi / chenhema) muitiro wenhema unogoverana nhano dzakafanana.

Kuzivisa Kwenhema

Vacherekedzi veidi vanonzvera mhatsa yamashoko yakafara: kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika, nharo, mapepanhau anobudiswa, bvunzurudzo dzeTV, manyuko enzanga anopa zvokudya, uye matsamba anotevedzana evhairasi. Vanotsvaka mashoko akananga, anobvumikiswa panzvimbo pemirangariro inotendwa kana kuti fungidziro. Kutaura kunofanira kuva kunoedzwa nenzira isina donzo chairoirwo (inofanira kunongedzera kupfundo renhau, chinoitika chenhau, mutemo, kana kuti nhamba. Vague kazhinji kazhinji haisati ichitongonzverwa nemhaka yokuti haigoni kubvumikiswa kana kuti kurambwa.

Kusimbiswa Kwakabva

Kana kutaura kwangowanwa bedzi, mucheki weidi anotsvaka manyuko apakuvamba, ane chiremera. Ikoku kungabatanidza manyuko ehurumende, zvidzidzo zvedzidzo, mapepa ehurumende, bvunzurudzo dzenyanzvi, kana kuti zvinyorwa zvamanyoro zvakananga. Mucherekedzi weidi haatsamiri pakushuma kwechipiri oga; vanoronda kutaura kwacho kwamavambo. Somuenzaniso, kana munhu wezvamatongerwe enyika akati urovha hwakaderera ne2 muzana, mucheki weidi achawana Bureauts of Labor Statistics ndokunzvera nhamba dzacho chaidzo, kubatanidza mashoko akapoteredza enguva negadziriso ipi neipi.

Kuongorora Uchapupu

Ufakazi hunoyerwa nokuda kwokururama, kukwana, uye mashoko akapoteredza. Dzimwe nguva kutaura ndekwechokwadi asi hakurevi mashoko akapoteredza anokosha zvikuru. Idi. Idi rinoyera kana ufakazi huchitsigira kutaura kwacho sezvakwakataurwa, kana kuti hunotsausa nokusiiwa. Vanorangarirawo kuvimbika kwamanyuko anoshandiswa. Nzvero inorangarirwa kuva inosarudzwa pamusoro pezvidimbu zvemifungo kana kuti manyuko anozvibudisa.

Huwanduro inoonekera pachena

Nhanho yokupedzisira ndeyokubudisa mashoko anonyatsooneka pamusoro pemashandiro, manyuko, uye kurangarira. Masangano anonzvera chokwadi anobatanidza zvakananga magwaro aakanzvera ndokutsanangura chikonzero nei akasvika mhedziso yakati. Uku kujeka kunobvumira varavi kunyora mhedziso yavo vamene uye kunoita kuti mucherekedzi azvidavirire amene zvikanganiso zvipi nezvipi. Inosiyanisawo chokwadi chaichoicho kubva mutsinhiro dzinonyepedzera sedzechokwadi.

Masangano Makuru Anoongorora Chokwadi Nemitoo Yawo

Masangano akawanda akagadzira mukurumbira wenyika yose nokuda kwokuongorora zvinhu zvakasimba, zvisiri zvechechi.

Chimiro Nezvokwadi

PolitiFact, chirongwa chePoynter Institute, chinoshandisa mwero wezvikamu zvitanhatu unonzi Zvokwadi-O-Meter: Ichokwadi, Ichokwadi, Hafu yeZvokwadi, Nzvero, Nzvero, uye Penta yemoto. Inonangidzira zvikurukuru pakutaura kwakaitwa nevezvamatongerwe enyika veUnited States, asi inonzverawo zviri mumanyuko enzanga. Sangano rinopinza vashandi vanounganidza mapepa nenyanzvi dzinobvunza. Chiverengero chimwe nechimwe chinobatanidza tsananguro ine udzame nemashoko. Chitendero chePritifax chakawana mubayiro wePult Pulitzer nokuda kwokukwidzwa kwayo nesarudzoro ya2008.

Check.org

Yakavakirwa paAnnuenberg Public Policy Center, FactCheck.org itsoropoti, isingapinduri inonzvera ururami hwemashoko echokwadi anoitwa navatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika veUnited States, pamwe chete nehedhemu dzevhairasi dzepaIndaneti. Kusafanana nePolitifact, FactalCheck.org haisi kushandisa mwero wezviverengero asi inobudisa nyaya dzine udzame dzinotsanangura zvakarurama nezvinotsausa. "ACPicectChec" rutivi rwayo runokumbira varavi kuti varatime kuti vadzore kutaura nokuda kwehwirudzura.

Kusvotwa

MaSnope akatanga senzvimbo yakanangidzirwa pangano dzomumaguta asi akura kuti avanze mashoko ezvamatongerwe enyika okusatendeseka, rondedzero dzechirongwa, uye mashoko eInternet. Inoshandisa mapoka akadai seChokwadi, Chisiri, uye Chinosiiwa. MaSnope anodudzwa zvikuru nokuda kwokunzvera kwawo kwakakwana uye azova chisaririra chokubvisa zviri mukati memavhairasi.

Kuedza Kwenyika Dzakawanda

Idi rinonzvera isangano renyika yose. Masangano akafanana ne [FLT] Africa Nzvera [[FLT]]

Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Nevashori Vezvinhu Vazvino Uno

Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwayo, kuongorora idi kunoshanda muganhuriro dzakakomba idzo dzinoganhurira kusvika kwaro nokushanda.

Vhoriyamu neBasa

Indaneti inobudisa mafashamo makuru ezvikamu zvitsva. Vacherekedzi veidi havagoni sezvinobvira kuhwirudzura kutaura kuri kwose kwoutachiona. Vanofanira kuisa pakutanga mashoko ane simba gurusa kana kuti anogona kuva anokuvadza akadai senhema dzesarudzo kana kuti mashoko outano akashata (achiziva kuti nhema dzakawanda dzinopukunyuka dzichiongororwa chose chose. Kukurumidza kunoparadzirwa kwenhema, zvikurukuru mukati mokuputsa zvinoitika zvenhau, kazhinji kazhinji kunodarika nguva inodikanwa nokuda kwokuva nechokwadi chakaoma.

Kusimbiswa Kwemitemo

Marobhoti ezvokubudisa mashoko akagadzirirwa kusimbisa kuvimbisana, uye mashoko enhema kazhinji kazhinji anoita kuti mirangariro yakasimba ivepo kupfuura zvokwadi. Naizvozvo, nzvimbo dzinotsausa dzingaonekwa nemamiriyoni pamberi pokunge mamiriro ezvinhu abudiswa. Kunyange pashure pokunge kururamisa kwaiswa, nhema dzapakuvamba dzingave dzatopiwa ndokudavirwa. MaPlatform akavamba kumutsa nharo nedzinoderedza kuparadzirwa kwawo, asi izvi matanho haana kukwana uye kazhinji kazhinji anomutsa nharo.

Kupomera Zvematongerwe Enyika uye Kupomera Zvikara

Vacherekedzi veidi kazhinji kazhinji vanopomerwa mhaka yerusaruro, zvikurukuru apo vanoruramisa kutaura kwerimwe divi rezvamatongerwe enyika kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru kupfuura rimwe. Nepo kunzvera kunokarakadza kuti kunzvera idi kwakadzikama mungwariro yako panhema pasinei zvapo nechikwata, murangariro worusaruro unogona kuderedza pesvedzero yawo. Vamwe vateereri vanoramba kunzvera maidi sedenho dzeganda panzvimbo peruramiso dzokutendeseka, vachitsigira zvitendero zviripo panzvimbo pokuzvidenha.

Ngozi Dzapamutemo Nedzeko

Munyika dzine rusununguko rusina kusimba rwokubudisa nhau, vacherekedzi veidi vanotarisana netyisidziro dzakakomba. Vanogona kupomerwa mhaka yokusvibisa, kutambudzwa paIndaneti, kana kuti kunyange kurohwa. Nzvimbo yapamutemo yokuongorora zviitiko inosiyana zvikuru, dzimwe hurumende dzichishandisa mitemo yebumbiro remitemo kunyaradza vatsoropodzi. Kunyange muhurumende dzinosarudzwa nevanhu, vachengi vemaidi vanowana tyisidziro neruvengo nokuda kwokuramba nhema dzakakurumbira. Idzi ngozi dzinogona kudzivisa zvisaririra zvitsva uye kuganhurira mipimo yokunzvera.

Kupa Vanhu Simba: Nzira Yokuziva Nayo Chokwadi

Nepo vacherekedzi vemaidi vane unyanzvi, vagari vemo vamwe navamwe vane simba(8) uye mutoro(ukunoyera kutaura pamberi pokukuudza. Kukudziridza miitiro mishomanene yakapfava kunogona kuderedza zvikuru kupararira kwemashoko asina kururama.

Nzvera Manyuko

Usati wagamuchira musoro mukuru kana kuti chitupa, bvunza: Ndiani akabudisa izvi? Inyika inoziviswa here, nyanzvi yenhau mumunda, kana kuti nhau isingazivikanwi? Tsvaka Bhei "Cout" kana kuti kuziviswa kwemitemo yemari nemitemo yokunyora. Kana manyuko acho asingazivikanwi kana kuti ane nhau yokubudisa nhema, batai kutaura kwacho nenyumwiro.

Kurava Kwapashure

Nyanzvi dzinoshandisa nzira inonzi kurava kwepashure: panzvimbo pokurambira panzvimbo imwe kuti vaongorore zviri paya, vanovhura matebhisi matsva uye kutsvaka mashoko pamusoro pekwazvakabva. Kuongorora uku kunobatsira kukurumidza kuongorora kana dzimwe nzira dzinonyatsovimbwa dziri kushuma zvinhu zvimwe chete. Kana pasina imwe inoremekedzwa ine nyaya yacho, ingashongedzwa kana kuti yakanyanyisa. Stanford History Education Group yaratidza kuti kuverenga kwapashure ndeimwe nzira inoshanda zvikuru yokuongorora mashoko paIndaneti.

Shandisa Zvinhu Zvomene

Tsitsi dzinowedzera se [FLT] Nzvero dzeCHENGEDZO[FLT]], NewsGuader[, kana [[FLT]] Covidec Collet [FLT]] inogona kuratidza kuyera kwakakodzera kutevera kunzvera migumisiro neturo dzenzanga. Izvi zvishandiso hazvina kukwana, asi zvinogovera nongedzero dzekurumidziro. Masangano mazhinji enhau anonzvera kana kuti manyuro okunzvera apo vashandisi vanogona kunzvera kana kutaura chaiwo kwatoongororwa.

Ziva Kushandiswa Kwepfungwa

Misformation inowanzoshandisa mutauro unonyandura mirangariro (--outpression, rutyo, kana kuti mbavarira yakanyanyisa(kudzivisa kufunga kwokutsoropodza. Misoro inokurudzira kuita kwakasimba kwedumbu inofanira kuraviwa nokungwarira kwakawedzera. Bvunza: Ko ichi chiri mukati chinondiita kuti ndinzwe hasha kana kuti kutya here? Kana zvakadaro, mira ndokusimbisa usati wagoverana. Kutora kunyange masekondi makumi matatu kudzosa pfundo reidi kunogona kudzivisa kujekeswa kwenhema.

Basa Rezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nedanho Mukuongorora Zvinhu

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu ndirwo runoita kuti pave nezvinetso zvakawanda zvinopesana nezvingagadziriswa. Maturusi anofambiswa anowedzera kushandiswa kuongorora zvinhu zvemunhu.

Kungotaura Kwoga Kunoenderana

Gadziriro dzinogona kunzvera mavhoriyamu makuru orugwaro kubva munyaya dzenhau, zvinobudisa nhau, uye kutaura kuti zvione mashoko akatocherekedzwa nevavaki venhau vohunhu. Platform seGoogle Check Memory Michina yeTex dzinobatanidza iyi miuyo, kubvumira vashandisi kuona zvisarudzo nokukurumidza. Nepo AI isati igona kuyera kutaura kutsva nemvumo yomunhu, inobetsera kukwidza kusvika kwecheki dziripo.

Kuongorora Zvinobudisa Nhau Zvenzanga

Kuongorora kwakakwirira kwesoftware kupararira kwechidhina, mifananidzo, uye URLs mhiri kwamapuraneti. Ikoku kunobvumira vacherekedzi veidi kuzivisa nhema dzinobuda vasati vapinda muvhairasi. Mukati ngwavaira dzomusikirwo kana kuti sarudzo, kukurumidza kuwanikwa kunogona kudzivisa kutya kana kuti kudzorwa. Zvisinei, izvi zvishandiso zvinosimudzirawo funganyo dzechivande uye zvinofanira kushandiswa nenzira ine mufungo.

Mapeyi eAwabhu Nezvikarakadzo

Kuwedzera kwakafanana ne NewsGuander uye FDIC (Fake News Demoteor) website dzeheti yetepi yakavakirwa pamipimo yenhau. Idzo dzinoratidzira mifananidzo mitsvuku kana kuti yegirini inowirirana mukutsvaka kana kuti zvokudya zvenzanga, kupa vashandisi chiratidzo chapakarepo choruvimbiko. Izvi zvinobetsera zvikurukuru nokuda kwavashandisi vane ruzivo rushoma zvikuru veInternet avo vangasaziva nzira yokuyera nayo manyuko.

Nguva Yemberi Yokungoerekana Waitika Muhurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu Yedhisiki

Sezvo unyanzvi hwenhema hunochinja, kuongorora chokwadi kunofanira kuenderana. Nguva yemberi inotsamira pamubatanidzwa wedzidzo, kushandira pamwe kwechikuva, uye kuchengetedza mari.

Dzidzo Yokuverenga Nokunyora

Vadzidzi navakuru vanodzidzisa nzira yokunzvera nayo mashoko inofanira kuva rutivi rukuru rwedzidzo yazvino uno. Nyika dzakafanana neFinland dzakapinza kurava nokunyora zvinobudisa nhau muchikoro chadzo uye dzakaona kuvandudzika kunotanhamarika mumano avagari vemo okuziva zviri mukati. Nhano dzakafanana munyika yose dzingaderedza mutoro pavachenjeri veidi vakabudirira ndokuparira vanhu vazhinji vanoziva kubva kumusoro.

Kubatana Pakati Pemapuraneti Nevatengi Vechokwadi

Makambani enzanga anoshandisa zviuru zvevagadziri vemapepanhau asi haagoni kufukidza mitauro yose nenharaunda. Kushandira pamwe nemasangano anoongorora chokwadi akazvimirira kunobvumira zvikuva kuti zvive zvakazara noururami hwakakwirira. Zvirongwa zvakafanana neThird-Party Facebook Factal Factor Program zvinogovera mari kuvanoongorora zvinhu mukutsinhana nokuda kwokuongorora zviri mukati. Zvisinei, zvikuva zvinofanira kudzivisa muedzo wokuongorora kurukurirano yepamutemo paunenge uchibvisa nhema dzakajeka; kuchengeta iyi ichinhu chinokosha pakuchengeta kutaura kwakasununguka.

Kushandisa Mari uye Kuzvimirira

Idi rinonzvera mari uye haripi mari inokosha. Masangano mazhinji anovimba nezvipo, mipiro, kana kuti tsigiro yeyunivhesiti. Kuvimbisa kuzvimirira kwenhambo refu, mienzaniso inotsigirwa yemari inodikanwa . Zvakadai semipiro yehurumende isina paratis (yakapinzwa paurefu hwamaoko), kutsigira nemari inobva kumanyuko akawanda, kana kuti kuzvinyoresa kwemitengo. Vagari vemo vanokoshesa kuitsigira nemari kana vachikwanisa.

mhedziso

Munhambo yemitengo, hondo yezvokwadi ndeyenguva dzose. Zvokwadi kunzvera inogovera chibatiso chakakomba, kuchipa voruzhinji nzira yokusiyanisa mashoko akavimbika nokunyengera kwamaune. Kupfurikidza nokusimudzira kuisazve chivimbo mumitengi, kuvakazve chivimbo mumitengi, uye kudzora kupararira kwenhema, chokwadi kunosimbisa muitiro wedemokratiki. Zvisinei, haisi pfuti yesirivha. Vanhu vanofanirawo kukudziridza unyanzvi hwavo vamene hwokufunga nokushandisa maturusi anowanika kusimbisa zvavanorava. Apo vacheki veidi, zviteshi zvemiteshi, vadzidzisi, uye varonzeve vagari vemo vanoshanda pamwe chete, mashoko ose anova noutano hwakanaka. Chinokwandikano hachisi pamusoro pemashoko, asi paruramo yazvo. Kupfurikidza nokunzvera mamiriro ezvinhu, tinogona kuvimbisa kuti zera rive nguva inova vheneker nhambo yejekero panzvimbo yejekero.