Munhambo umo mashoko omunhu oga ari kuva imwe yenzvimbo dzinokosha zvikurusa. Ukoshi hwokudzivirira kuvandika mashoko evatengi husingagoni kunyanyosimudzirwa. Zuva riri rose, vanhu vanoronzesa mashoko avo anobata ngwariro kumativi mazhinji emibato yemichina yamagetsi (kubva kuvatarisiri vezvoutano namasangano ezvemari kunzvimbo dzenzanga dzezviteshi zvenhau uye kukuita kuti vanhu vatsvake ruramisiro apo kodzero dzavo dzinopombwa. Nyaya inonzvera basa rakakomba redare ravagari vemo mukuchengeta mashoko ehurumende, kana kuti kutarisirwa kwapamberi, vatengi vanoda mutoo wakavimbika kuti vachengete masangano akavimbika. Kushandisa kworuzhinji kunogovera mari kunogovera basa iroro, kunogovera basa iroro, uye denho dzinoparira pamutemo kuzviisa mberi kwemitemo yemitemo yazvinogarwa vanhu.

Hwaro Hwokuparadza Mune Zvokuziva Nezvehurumende

Chibvumirano chavagari vemo chinonongedzera kumuitiro wapamutemo umo matare anopedza nawo gakava pakati pamativi avanhu akavanzika(indectrials), makambani, kana kuti mamwe masangano (kodzero dzapachivande, misengwa, uye zvisakafanira). Kusafanana nenhau dzoutsotsi, umo hurumende inotonga zvakaipa, mhaka dzavagari vemo dzinotangwa nebato kuti vawane mishonga yakadai sekuvadziko yemari, mirairo, kana kuti rutongeso rwokusasarura. Mumashoko enhau dzenhau dzemari, bvumirano yavagari vemo inobvumira vatengi kuparira kukwirira mhaka mumasangano anodzosa mashoko avo omunhu oga, kupfurikidza nokuregeredza, mufambiro wakaipa, kana kuti kukundikana kuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zvemitemo.

Iyi nzira yokutonga inokosha nemhaka yokuti mitemo yemitemo yakavanzika inowanzoita maruramiro akavanzika echiito. Somuenzaniso, pasi peCalifornia Consumer Ancy Act (CPA), vatengi vanogona kukwidza mabhizimisi anokundikana kushandisa matanho echengeteko ane mufungo, kuchitungamirira kukupinda kusina mvumo kana kuti kuba kwapamutemo kwemifungo yavo vamene. Nenzira yakafanana, maruramiro eEuropean Union’s General Data Protection Regingment Regatemplifit (GDPR) anopa vanhu vane kodzero yokutsvaka muripo nokuda kwekuvadziko yezvinhu kana kuti isingaparadzirwi nemhaka yokuputswa. Pasi pokupesana kwechirongwa kwevagari vemo, idzi kodzero dzemitemo dzapamutemo dzingava dzisina kunyorwa mabhiro; kudzodzo ingatsamira chose pahurumende, avo vangashaiwa zviwiso zvokushandisa kuputsa mutemo uri wose.

Kupfuurirazve, kuwirirana kwavanhu kunobetsera kutanga mienzaniso yapamutemo iyo inojekesa miganhu yomutemo wakavanzika. Chisarudzo chimwe nechimwe chedare chinodudzira mutauro usina kujeka wokudzora, chinoisa kariro nokuda kwemufambiro wekambani, uye chinoratidzira miuyo yokusawirirana. Uyu muitiro wokutonga wapamutemo unobetsera mukuumba nzvimbo yakavanzika ine simba neyanogamuchira.

Basa Rematare Evagari Vemo Mukurambidza Kodzero Dzavanhu

Matare avagari vemo anoshanda mabasa akawanda mukudzivirira kuvanza mashoko akavanzika avanotenga. Anodudzira mitemo, anoyera kuvadziko, anoziva kukuvadzwa, uye mirayiro inopiwa inogona kumanikidza chinjo mumiitiro yebhizimisi.

Kududzira Mitemo Yakavanzika Nemitemo

Mutemo wechivande unowanzova nemitemo yakafara, yenheyo inoda kududzirwa nokungwarira. Somuenzaniso, GDPR inoda vadzori vemitemo kuti vaite “matanho ounyanzvi nesangano” kuti vave nechokwadi chekuchengeteka. Chinokwaniriswa se“akakodzera” chinogona kusiana zvikuru zvichitsamira pamashoko akapoteredza, rudzi rwemashoko, uye mugariro weruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. matare ehurumende anorwisana nemibvunzo yakadaro, achiyera mipimo yebhizimisi, bviro yekuvadziko, uye mutoro pamabhizimisi. Kutonga kwavo kunogovera nhungamiro yakajeka iyo inobetsera masangano anoumba mapurogiramu okuteerera uye kubetsera vatengidzira maruramiro avo.

Kuzvidavirira Kupfurikidza Nokuparadzwa Nokuvhiringidzwa

Chimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvikurusa chinogovera isimba rokukuvadza. Vatengi vanotambura kurasikirwa nemari, kuba kuzivikanwa, kana kuti nhamo yendangariro nemhaka yokuputsa mashoko vanogona kuwanazve kuvadziko yemipimo yemitemo. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kuvadziko dzemitemo dzinowanika kunyange pasina chibvumikiso chekuvadziko chaiyoiyo, iyo inoderedza mhinganidzo kupfurikidza nokuchinja. Mukuwedzera, matare anogona kubudisa mirairo inoraira kambani kuti irege muitiro wakati kana kuti ishandise zvitedzo zvakati zvokuchengeteka. Rubatso rweyamuro harubatsiri mutengi bedzi asi inodzivirirawo ruzhinji kupfurikidza nokumanikidza chinjo.

Zviito Zveboka: Zvinopa Chirungamutauro

Kupa mumwe nomumwe mhaka kunogona kuva kusingashandi apo kuvadziko yacho inenge iri duku asi yakapararira. Zviito zvekirasi zvinobvumira boka guru ravatengi vakatapurwa kuunza matare okukwirira mumwe, kukumbira nokugoverana ndyiko. Iyi nzira inokosha zvikurukuru muzvinoitika zvakavanzika, umo kupunza kungatapura mamirioni avanhu. Zviito zvekirasi zvinorwisana neEquifax, Yahoox, uye Marriott, zvakaguma nemillion·dolslarlatmcat uye zvakadzvinyirira makambani kuvandudza miitiro yokuchengeteka yenhau yenhau. Mibato yekirasi inoparirawo kuzivikanwa kwapachena pamusoro pengozi dzechivande.

Mabasa Apamutemo Anopa Simba Vatengi

Mitemo mikuru inoverengeka yakaparira kodzero dzakasimba dzapachivande dzechiito, nepo mimwe ichitsamira pakuchengetwa kwehurumende nokuwana kwapachivande kwakaganhurirwa.

Kudzivirira Kuchinja KweDSV (GDPR)

GDPR, iyo yakashanda muna May 2018, inorangarirwa zvikuru semupimo wendarama nokuda kwomutemo wedziviriro wemitemo. Chikamu 82 cheGDPR chinopa zvakajeka vanhu vadzorwi vemijereti maruramiro okubhadhara kubva kumutarisiri kana kuti mugadziri nokuda kwechinhu kana kuti kuvadziko isiri yenzvimbo inovapo inoparirwa nokuvhiringidzwa. Iyi gadziriro yakabudisa funguro remari inovharanwa muEurope yose, nematare achidudzira mifungo yakadai se “singashatisiwi njodzi” nemigariro yengozi. Nokuda kwokupfupikisana kwakakwana kweChikamu 82, ona rugwaro rweGDPR paChikamu [2]

California Consumermfics Act (CCPA) neCalifornia Act Accons Rights (CPRA)

CCPA, seyakagadziridzwa neCPRA, inopa vagari veCalifornia kodzero yakavanzika yechiito bedzi mumamiriro ezvinhu akaganhurirwa: apo bhizimisi rinokundikana kushandisa matanho okuchengetedza ane mufungo uye kundikano inoguma nokupinda kusina mvumo, kubuda, kuba, kana kuti kuziviswa kwamashoko omutengi asina kunyorwa kana kuti asina kugadziriswa. Vatengi vanogona kutsvaka chikuva pakati pe $100 ne $750 pachinoitika chimwe chete, kana kuti kukuvadza chaikoiko, uko kuri kukuru. California Atterney General akabudisa parudyi rweCPA rwechapa.

Mimwe Mitemo yeHurumende yeU.S.

Dzimwe nyika dzinoverengeka dzeU.S. dzakaita mitemo yakavanzika inobatanidza maruramiro akavanzika echiito, kunyange zvazvo ichiwanzorungwa zvishoma. Somuenzaniso, Illinois Bimet Informationalfics Act (BIPA) inobvumira vanhu kukwirira nokuda kwokuputswa kwezvinodikanwa zvemipimo yemibato yezvinhu zvipenyu, uye yakaguma nezviito zvakawanda zvekirasi. New York SHIELD Act inogoverawo chisakiso chakavanzika chezvisakiso zvemanyoro akati. Iyi mitemo yehurumende inobetsera nhamburiko dzehurumende ndokuita basa rokudzivirira.

Murayiro Wefederal Trade Commission

Panzvimbo pehurumende muUnited States, Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ine chiremera pasi peChikamu 5 cheFTC Act chokurambidza mabasa asina kururama kana kuti anonyengera, kubatanidza ayo ane chokuita nokuvanza mashoko. Zvisinei, FTC Act haisii kodzero yemunhu oga yechiito; vatengi havagoni kuikwirira zvakananga pasi payo. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanofanira kuvimba neFTC kuti vaite zviito zvokudzika mutemo. Nepo FTC yave ichishanda munhau dzakavanzika, kushayikwa kwechigadziro chehurumende inoganhurira vanhu mudare rehurumende.

Kutapura Nyika Chaikwoikwo: Zvisakiso Zvinooneka Nezvinoitika

Kuti tinzwisise kukosha kunoshanda kwokuvimbisana kwehurumende, zvinobatsira kuongorora zviitiko zvishomanana zvine chokuita nenhau dzakachinja mashandiro anoita mashoko epachivande.

Mure Equifax, Nhengo yeDzidziro

Chibvumirano cheEquifax cha2017 chakafumura mashoko emunhu oga anenge mamiriyoni 147. Chikamu chemitengo yakawanda chakazotevera, uye muna 2019 nzvimbo yakabvumirwa kuti ive bhiriyoni yemari inobhadharwa yeboka yemadhora anopfuura mabhiriyoni 1,4. Mushato wacho wakapa mari yokubhadhara kubva pa6of gayapyet, kuongorora chikwereti chepachena, uye kudzorerwa kwemari yakapedzerwa nguva yainenge ichipedzwa pakuputsa mutemo.

Dare Repamusorosoro reUnited States

MuUK, chisarudzo cheDare Rapamusorosa 2021 muLloyd v. Google chakakurukura mubvunzo wokuti vatauri vanogona kuwana zvisakiso nokuda kwokurasikirwa netsananguro yemajeri omunhu oga pasina chibvumikiso chokurasikirwa. Dare rakataura kuti “kudzora” kwemashoko omunhu oga kwakanga kuri maruramiro makuru ayo kutyora kwaigona kuparira kuvadziko kunyange kana pasina kuvadziko yemari yakaitika. Chisarudzo chacho chakaparira nzira yeboka reTrapy protection muDalot Act 2018 neGDPR, chinosimbisa kuti kuva voga voga vamene vane ukoshi hwakaberekwa nahwo.

Marriott International (Class Action Facection Facement)

Kuputsika kwemashoko kwa2018 kwakatapura vashanyi vanosvika mamiriyoni 500. Kukwirira mudare kwekirasi kwakaguma nokubhadharwa kwairangarirwa kusvika pa $50 mamirioni, nemubhadharo nokuda kwokurasikirwa ne [“mari, ” NW] kwekurasikirwa, uye nokuda kwavanotora mari vaigona kuratidzira nguva inopedzerwa mukuputsa. Mhaka yacho yakasimbisa kuti makambani echibvumirano chehurumende anoisa mari yokukundikana kwechengeteko.

Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Nokuraswa Kwemapepa Muzvinhu Zvisiri Zvehurumende

Pasinei nokuti kutsigirana kwacho kwakasimba, kunoitwa nevanhu kunogona kukanganisa zvinhu zvakawanda.

Ndyiko Dzakakwirira Dzokufembera uye Kuoma Kunzwisisa

Nyaya dzezvigaro zvemunhu oga dzinowanzosanganisira ufakazi hwakaoma kunzwisisa, uchapupu hwemazano okuchengetedza mashandisirwo ekombiyuta, uye kutsanangura mitemo zvakaoma kunzwisisa. Ndyiko dzokuwana, muitiro wokufambisa zvinhu, uye kutongwa dzinogona kurambidza vanhu vanopa mhosva. Kunyange muzviito zvekirasi, mari inopiwa magweta inogona kupedza mari yakawanda.

Mutoro Wokubvumikisa Nezvinodikanwa Zvazvino

MuUnited States, nhau yeChikamu III chakamira (8) kana mupurisa akatambura kuvadziko yekongiri muidi (8) inoisa mhinganidzo huru. Kutevera chisarudzo cheDare Rapamusorosa.] Spokoo, Inc. Robins[ (206), vaparadzi vanofanira kuratidzira kuvadziko iri “yechokwadi kana kuti iri pedyo, kwete kupesana kana kuti kukanganisa.” Nokuda kwemifungo isati yaziviswa isati yashandiswa nokuda kwokuvakwa, matare kazhinji kazhinji anowana kuti ngozi yekuvadziko yomunguva yemberi haisati yakwana kusimbisa. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukubviswa kwezvinoitika zvizhinji zvakakwirira uye kwave kuchipfuurira.

Nhau Dzemitemo Nedzechisarudzo

Kufamba kwemashoko munyika yose kunoparira zvinetso zvakaoma. Kuparadza kungabatanidza mashoko akachengetwa mune imwe nyika, kambani yakabatanidzwa mune imwe, uye vatengi vari mumativi akawanda. Kusarudza kuti idare ripi rine simba uye kuti mutemo upi unoshanda unogona kuva unotora nguva yakawanda uye unodhura. GDPR ye “grapgirag projecters” kuedza kudirana nhau idzi mukati meEU, asi nhau dzekudarika kwechikamu chapaji dzinoramba dziri dzakaoma.

Mishonga Yakakwana Yokukuvadza Zvinetso Zvemakemikari

Nepo GDPR ichibvumira muripo nokuda kwekuvadziko isiri yezvokunyama, matare akawanda ave achizengurira kubhadhara mari yakawanda nokuda kwokungorasikirwa nokudzora kana kuti funganyo. Mune dzimwe zviremera zveEurope, matare akarangarira kuti pesvedzero yemirangariro inofanira kuva youkombi hwakati. uku kuganhurirwa kungaderedza sundo yokuti vatengi vakwiri vapedze uye kuti makambani apedze mari mukudzivirira.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Kusimbisa Kurapwa Kwemashoko Akavanzika

Kuti pave nokubudirira kwekuvimbisana kunoitwa nevagari vemo mukuchengetedza zvinhu zvinozivikanwa nevatengi, zvakakodzera kufunga nezvokuchinja zvinhu kwakati kuti uye kuvandudza zvinhu zvitsva.

Kuwedzera Kodzero Dzavanhu Vari Voga Dzokuita

Pari zvino, mitemo yakawanda yehurumende yeUnited States yakavanzika yakadai seInshuwarensi yeUnishuwarenzi yeRusununguko neAccountability Act (HIPAA) neGrammm נLach̆Bliley Act (GLA) (GLA) haibatanidzi maruramiro akavanzika echiito. Vatsigiri vakada mutemo wehurumende wakakwana uyo ungapa vatengi maruramiro okukwirira mhaka, akafanana neCCPA. Mutemo wakadaro waizovhara mukaha wakasirwa neFTCCP inochengetwa yakaganhurirwa ndokugovera mupimo mumwe munyika yose.

Kuwedzera Maduku remagiramu Nechisarudzo Chisiri Chomuzvarirwo

Dare duku rinogona kuva nzvimbo inoshanda nokuda kwezvirevo zvakavanzika zvine ukoshi huduku. Dzimwe nyika dzakaedza nokukamuranisa kusingavanzi kwapachivande kuduku uko kunorerutsa miitiro nokuwana. Kuwedzera, kumanikidza mashoko okubatanidza mubvumirano dzinodzivisa zviito zvekirasi, asi nhamburiko dzokudzora kuganhurira mashoko akadaro ari mumashoko echivande dzinogona kuchengetedza kuwanwa kwemishonga yedare.

Kushandisa Ruzivo Kumutengo Unoderedza Kushanda

Eûdificiency, chinyorwa chinodzokororwa nechirongwa chakarongwa, uye kunzvera kunobatsirwa kunogona kuderedza ndyiko yenhau dzakavanzika. Matare anogona kugadza mitemo inotevedzerwa yokubata nayo ufakazi hwezvokugadzirwa kwemichina, uye misangano yepasati pava kutongwa inogona kupfupikisa. aya maefficecies anoita kuti bvumirano dzavagari vemo dzisvike zvikuru, zvikurukuru nokuda kwokutaura kuduku.

Kusimbisa Kuzivisa Nokuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka

Kuziviswa kwapanguva neudzame kwekuputsa mashoko kwakakomba nokuda kwokugonesa vatengi kunzvera kuvadziko yavo inobvira ndokusarudza kana vachizopa mushumo. Mitemo yakasimba yokuzivisa inoda kuti makambani azivise marudzi chaiwo amatepi, chisakiso chokuputsa, uye nhano dzinoitwa kugadziridza dzinogona kuderedza kuwirirana kwemashoko pakati pavatengi namasangano.

Kuwiriraniswa Kwemitemo Yetsika Munyika Yose

Sezvo mashoko anoyambuka nenzira inowedzera miganhu, kutsinhiranisa mitemo pamusoro pehurumende, basa rokutonga, uye kuzivikanwa kwemarutongeso kwaizoderedza rwisano mumuganhu wenzvimbo wapakati nenzvimbo.Hague Conference on Private International Law yave ichishanda pakokorodzano yorutongeso iyo yaigona kugonesa kuchengetwa kwemibairo yakavanzika munyika dzakawanda.

mhedziso

Chibvumirano chavagari vemo hachisi mutoowo wokubetsera nawo kusimbisa kodzero dzemashoko akavanzika, uye kazhinji kazhinji inzira huru iyo vatengi vanogona kuwana nayo mishonga yekongiri ndokuita kuti mishonga mikuru ive nemamwe mashoko kuzvidavirira. Kupfurikidza nokududzirwa kwemirau yakaoma, mubhadharo wezvakakuvadzwa, uye kushandiswa kweyamuro nemabasa ekirasi, matare kupota nyika akaumba nzvimbo dzakavanzika dzazvino uno. Zvisarudzo zvakadai seEquifax mugation uye Lloyd v. Roogle

Bva mhinganidzo dzinokosha dzinosara: ndyiko dzakakwirira, zvinodikanwa zvokumira zvakatsiga, mativi akaganhurirwa, uye mishonga yakaganhurirwa zvinogona zvose kudzivisa kutaura kwapamutemo. Kuva nechokwadi chokuti bvumirano yavagari vemo inopfuurira kubatira basa rayo rinokosha, vaiti vemiitiro vanofanira kurangarira kufutunura maruramiro avanhu echiito, miitiro inodzorwa, unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu, uye kusimudzira batira pamwe yamarudzi ose. Vateshiwo, vane rutivi rwokutamba, kupfurikidza nokuziva pamusoro pekodzero dzavo dzapamutemo namasangano anotsigira dziviriro dzakasimba zvikuru.

Pakupedzisira, simba rekodzero dzekuviga pamutemo rinotsamira pakuda kuita kuti zvitevedzerwe. Tsigino yevagari vemo, nokuda kwokusakwana kwayo kwose, inoramba iri mutsigiri wekudzika kwekudzika kwemitemo. Nokuda kwokupinda zvikuru mumutemo wenhau yazvino uno, Extrantic Foundation Foundation inogovera michina yakavanzika [, uye [FLT:] Kodzerome Dzokubvisa Dzidzo dzinopa mirayiridzo yavatengi kumishonga yepamutemo [. [[FLT]]. Kutsigira nokuvandudza muitiro wekuchengetera vanhu, tinogona kubetsera kuti maruramiro ezvokuvandikano hachisi chipikirwa chakavanzika chingori chipikirwa chamashoko asi chaichoicho.