Chinangwa Chehurumende Chava Kutanga

Sumo kuUnited States Constitution inomira sebasa rimwe rinokosha zvikurusa munhau yezvamatongerwe enyika. Haipi masimba, inogadzira mahofisi, kana kuti kurondedzera maruramiro. Panzvimbo pezvo, inozivisa zvinangwa zvikuru izvo hurumende yakatangwa. Zvitanhatu zvakarongwa muPregatori(kuumba mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru, kutanga ruramisiro, kugovera chengeteko yenhandaro dzemhuri, inogovera dziviriro yenhando dzose, uye chengetera zvikomborero zverusununguko (pakare) apo chizvarwa chiri chose chinoyera hurumende yacho. Paidzinotemwa dzitanhatu, [[FLT:]] rokutanga zvikuru, kuumba mubatanidzwa wakakwana wemhuri,""" inheyo yenheyo yezvisakiso zvose. Pasi pekugona kusimbiswa, hakugoni kusimbiswa, uye kupfuurwa kwenhau yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Dambudziko Rakaparira Rudzi: Kukundikana Kwezvikamu Zveko

Chitsama chamashoko "kuumba mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru" chinoreva kuti mubatanidzwa waivapo muna 1787 wakanga usina kukwana. Kusakwana ikoko kwakanga kuri Theage of Confederation, chinyorwa chinodzora chokutanga cheUnited States. Chikamu chakasimbiswa muna 1781, Nyaya dzakaumba hurumende yapakati isina kusimba iyo yakashanda zvikuru se " kubatana kwoushamwari" pakati pehurumende dzapamutemo kupfuura rudzi runowirirana. Dare rakanga risina simba rokutera mutero, rinodzora kutengeserana kwechibvumirano, kana kuti kusimbisa mitemo yaro. Yaigona bedzi kukumbira mari nemauto kubva kunzvimbo, gadziriro yakabvumikisa kuva ine ngwavaira.

Njodzi yakauya ne Revolution mu1786-1787. Mumadokero eMassachusetts, varimi vechikwereti, vakatarisana negweta, vakatarisana nebvumirano nokuiswa mutorongo, vakarwa kuvhara matare uye vakafamba panzvimbo dzezvombo zvehurumende paSpringfield. Hurumende yenyika, pasi peNheve, haina simba rokumutsa hondo kuti idzikire kupandukira. Yakawira kuruwa rweMassachusetts, nemari yakakwidzwa muchivande. Ichi chiitiko chakatumira katyamadzo kupfurikidza nechiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika. James Mas yakanyorera Thomas Jefferson, achiratidzira kutya kwake kuti kuedza kweRepublication kwakanga kwakundikana. George Washington, uyo akanga arega basa zvikuru muupenyu hwevoruzhinji, akakutya kwazvo achibva muMount Vernon kuti adzore kuboka idzva rehurumende itsva. Chibvumirano chibvumirano chitsva chakangovanwa kuva chakagoverwa neAdveritisimu chitsaruso. Chikamu chitsaruso chai chai chakaitwa kuva chitsarukubuda mu

Convention yeBumbiro reMitemo: Chitendero Chikuru

Convention yeBumbiro reMitemo yakaungana muPhiladelphia muna May 1787, nenhume dzinobva kunyika gumi nembiri (Rhode Island yakaramba kutora rutivi). Basa rakanga rakakura: kugadzira hurumende yakanga yakasimba kuti ishande asi isina kusimba zvokuti yaizobvisa chibvumirano muudzvinyiriri. Mashoko okuti "kuumba mubatanidzwa wakakwana" yakanga iri donzo guru. Nhau huru zvikurusa yakanga iri mufananidzo. Masangano makuru akatsigira [[FLT: 0] Chirongwa cheVirginia [[[FLT: 1], icho chakakarakadza bizaral councilation yakavakirwa pavagari vemo. Shomer anotaura kuti chiwirirano chaimbwa ne [FLD2] Chirongwa chapaurome nemitezo miviri inotsigirwa neboka ravanhu. [FLT] [FLT]

Kubvumirana kukuru kwechipiri kwakabatanidza kuverengwa kwavanhu vakapinzwa muuranda nokuda kwezvinangwa zvemitero. 3-FFTS Kubvumirana yakaverenga vanhu vatatu vakaiswa muuranda nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri mirau nemigove yemitero. Iyi yakanga iri purofiti yetsika yakakanganiswa zvikuru yakaiswa mujira reBumbiro reMitemo. Yakanyorwa naAlexander, James, naJaymae, kuti yakanga iri donzo gurusa ratinoshandira nhasi. Yaiva mubatanidzwa wekubvumirana nokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, dzimwe dzakakomba uye dzimwe dzisina kururama zvikuru. [FGOFF.F.F.NFON]] [FOF.N]] , , , , iyo yainenge yaveswa neAlexaropo yeChivi chakakomba chaAlesaroma, uye Jay yainzi John Makemiendo, yechikurusarome.[4] Yakashati yaishati yaishati yechinetso chikuru. [Ntsuso]

Filosophy nenyanzvi dzemitauro ye"Kuumba Mubatanidzwa Wakakwana Kwazvo"

Mutauro wePregagege unoreva zvinonyengera, asi shoko rimwe nerimwe rakasarudzwa noururami. Mashoko akakwana zvikuru" iboka guru rezvamatongerwe enyika. Muzana ramakore rechi18, "rakakwana" rakatakura revo yapamutemo neyouzivi ye "zvakakwana" kana kuti "zvakakwana". Kubatana kwakanga kuri kwakakwana zvikuru, kwaibudirira zvikuru, uye kwaipindirana nakwo kupfuura kwakwakwaro. Kwakanga kusati kuri kutaura kwetsika kana kuti kuperera. Kwaiva kuzivikanwa kwekusakwana nemhiko. Vavaki vainzwisisa kuti vakanga vasiri kutanga persoria; vakanga vachigadza muitiro. Vaigadza, kwete donzo rimwe. Iri shoko rinoumbwa."

Benjamin Franklin, muhurukuro yake yokupedzisira paKokorodzano, akabata uyu mudzimu wokuzvininipisa netariro. Akabvuma kuti haana kutendera zvizere Bumbiro remitemo mumativi aro ose, asi akapanikira kusakarurama kwake amene ndokukurudzira nhume biyake kuisa chiratidzo. Ndinobvuma, Sir, kuBumbiro reMitemo, nemhaka yokuti handikariri zviri nani," Franklin akati. Uyu ndiwo murangariro wakarurama we "kukwana zvikuru". Hausi pamusoro pokuwana kukwana kwakakwana, uko kusingabviri muzvinhu zvavanhu. Izvo kuramba muveri wakakwana somuvengi wezvakanaka uye kuzviita kugadziridza kumugariro unobvumira fambiro unobvumira fambiro mberi.

Nheyo Yakabatana ye"Chibvumirano"

Shoko rokuti "Union" rairatidza zvakaenzana. Zvikamu zveConfederation zvakanongedzera kunyika se "United States of America," asi girama yakanga iri muunyinyi (iwayo United States"). Bumbiro reMitemo rakachinja girama kuva chimunhanhanhanisa. Kubva muzana ramakore rechi19, kuchengetedzwa kweChimwe chakanga chiri chinangwa chikuru chemitemo yehurumende. Rwakanga ruchisiri chisakiso chenyika dzakazvimirira dzakabatanidzwa norusununguko. [FOL:] .[FUBUBUUM"]

Nhau Yakanyorwa Mukuchinja Zvinhu: Zvinhu Zvakaitika Zvakaitika Zvakatokura Kumubatanidzwa Wakakwana

Nhoroondo yeUnited States inhau yehondo inopfuurira yokuita kuti mubatanidzwa uve wakakwana. Chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chakatarisana nechinetso chikuru chokurarama maererano nezvipikirwa zvePregeget.Bumbiro Remitemo rakagovera zvishandiso nokuda kwebasa iri kupfurikidza nokugadziridza kwaro, asi simba chairoiro rokuchinja rakabva mumasangano enzanga, utungamiriri hwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kazhinji kazhinji, rwisano yamasimba masimba.

Bhizi Rekodzero Dzevanhu uye Hurumende Yapakuvamba

Zviito zvokutanga zvikuru zvehurumende itsva zvakaitirwa kupedza mubatanidzwa. Bhill yeMarurami (1791]), zvibvumirano gumi zvokutanga kuBumbiro remitemo, zvakawedzerwa zvakananga kupedza kutya kweAnti-Fédalist. Yakavimbisa rusununguko rukuru rwakadai sorusununguko rwokutaura, rudzidziso, uye mapepanhau, uye yakadzivirira vagari vemo mukurwisana nehurumende itsva yehurumende. Kupfurikidza nokuchengeta idzi maruramiro, Bill wekodzero dzakasimbisa mubatanidzwa kupfurikidza nokuhwina vapanikiri. Mumakore apakuvamba, mubatanidzwa wakaedzwa nokukwira mubatanidzwa wematonge matongerwe enyika (Fedaleast Republictures) pasina kubvumiranisa mamiriro enyika. Democratic Republictics uye masangano edzimwe nyika dzedzimwe nyika (Xec, Auccean, Asccean, Alf, uye kupfuuction, anodzorwa hondo yezvamatongerwe enyika, nguva dza1800, akaedzwa kazhinji kuti aitwe, akabvumikisa, kuti abvumirwe nerori.

Hondo Yavagari Vemo Nesimba Rokubatana

Muedzo mukurusa we "mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru" wakauya nenjodzi yeChinetso chekubatana muna 1860-1861. Kuumbwa kwouranda kwakanga kuri chivi chapakuvamba chekuedza kweAmerica, kupesana kwakananga nevavariro dzokuvamba dzorusununguko nokuenzana. Kubvumirana kwa1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, uye [FLD] Drid Scott chisarudzo [1857]) zvose zvakaedza kunyora pamativi makuru ezvikamu pakati penyika dzomuranda nehurumende dzakasununguka, asi kukakava nemhiri kwaidzonga kwakarurama. Apo Abraham Lincoln akatora nzvimbo, akaomerera kuti Union yakanga iri isingachinji uye kuti iko. Hondo yavagari vemo yainzi ropa raidzose munhau yeAmerica, yaikwirana kupfuvura upenyu hwose. Yairwisana nohunogona kupindura upenyu hwakapfuvura kupfuvura kupfuvura vanhu vose kuti vapfuure?

Lincoln Gorgosburg Address inomira sechitsaruso chine simba zvikurusa chenharidzano dzePregdage. Nokukumbira Chiziviso Chorusununguko nekuberekwa kworudzi "Magore mana namakore manomwe apfuura," Lincoln akapikisa kuti "mubatanidzwa wakakwana" wakanga usati uri gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika asi bhizimisi retsika. Akadana nokuda kwe [[FLT:]" kuberekwa kutsva kworusununguko"[[FLT: 3] kuvimbisa kuti hurumende yavanhu, navanhu, uye nokuda kwavanhu havasati vaizoparara kubva kui nyika. [FLT:], 14], uye 15 [FFFF]

Nguva Inofambira Mberi Nokukura Kwehurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu

Kupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19 napakuvamba kwerechi20 kwakaunza denho itsva. Chinjo yamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu yakaparira kusaenzana kwepfuma kukuru, kushandiswa kwamabasa, uye ushati hwezvamatongerwe enyika. Mutemo weRefection yakatsvaka kukwanirisa mubatanidzwa kupfurikidza nokuita kuti hurumende inzwe zvakanaka kuvanhu. [[FLT:] 16.] 16. [FLT]16]Pramendement yapairirwa nokuda kweSarudzo yakananga yeSantators, kutora simba kubva kudzimba dzehurumende nokuripa kuvhotera. [FLT:] [1] Kuwedzera mari inowanwa yavose. [[FLD] [FF:]]

Boka Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo Nokuzadzika Kwechipikirwa

Nhano hurusa dzezana ramakore rechi20 kumubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru dzakabva kuCivil Rights Movement. Chisarudzo cheDare Rapamusorosarudzo mu Brown v. Dare reDzidzo[ [1954] [[FLT]] rakabvisa dzidziso ye "kamwe] ndokuzivisa kusabatana. Iyi yakanga iri murairo wakananga weSuperfectioning’ot Transformation’s [Foundation 14] Protectionedededed Christmas], inorova mwoyo wedzinza rehurumende. Boka, rinotungamirirwa nenoloji seMartin King Jr., Rosalks, naMarks, vanoshandisa kusateerera mutemo werudzi kuti rudzi rudavaidziswe kuva maruramiro echinzinzinzi vatema.

Chibvumirano cheRevolutions cha 1964 ne [[FLT:] Chibvumirano chekodzero dzemitemo cha195] zvakanga zviri zviitwa zvetsika zvakaparadza pamutemo uye zvakapambwa mamirioni eAmerica. Muchibvumirano [[FLT:]] INE hope" [[FLT:] kutaura, Mambo akaisa kuraira sechinodikanwa nokuda kwenyika kukudza magwaro ayo okuvamba. Akataura nezveBumbiro remitemo neRevomhostrition seriti "prosotion" iyo American iri mugari wenhaka. Rwakanga rwakabva kuMolm, kuMondroma, uye kukundika, muBumbiro rakatevera kumitezo yose yakatevera kumibatanidzwa. [54]

Basa Rasina Kuparadzwa: Mubatanidzwa Wakakwana Zvikuru Muzana Ramakore Ra 21

Chitsama chamashoko "kuumba mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru" chinoramba chiri mupimo mukuru uye unokwikwidzwa mumatongerwe enyika azvino uno. Chinokumbirwa muzvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusorosoro, hurukuro dzapurezidhendi, uye zviito zveuswa. Chinoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chenguva dzose kuti basa rerudzi harisati richitongopedzwa. mubatanidzwa unotarisana nedenho itsva dzinoedza ushingi hwawo nesimba rawo reruramisiro.

Kuchinja Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nekudzvinyirirwa Kwoutongi

Chimwe chetyisidziro hurusa ku "mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru" nhasi inzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika yakanyanyisa. Nyika yakakamukana zvikuru mutsika, nzvimbo, uye tsika. Sarudzo 2016 ne 2020 dzakazivisa rudzi rwakakamukana munenge hafu pamibvunzo mikuru yokutonga. Kukwanisa kwehurumende kupedza zvinetso zvinowanzovakwane nemhindu yemari, mamiriro okunze, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunowanzovakwa necherekedzo. Kurasikirwa nokutenda mumasangano edemokratiki, kumuka kwemashoko okushatakwa, uye kuwanda kwemifungo yose yemubatanidzwa. Chinetso chezana rechi21 ndechokuwana nzira dzokuvhara aya magariro apo anenge achiremekedza mifungo yapamutemo. "Kubatana kushatakisa kunoda kusangova pamutemo asi kuremekedzwa kworumbidzwa kworukubatana. Kubudirira kwemigariro yemigariro inodzo yemitezo inopesana nokusa.

Kurondedzera "Isu Vanhu" Murudzi Rwakasiyana - siyana

Mubvunzo wekuti ndiani wemubatanidzwa ndewekugara. Nhaka ye "Isu vanhu" yakanga iri nharaunda duku yevagari vemo: vachena, varidzi vezvinhu varume. Mumazana amakore okurwa, rondedzero yacho yawedzera kubatanidza vakadzi, vanhu vedzinza duku, uye vanhu vemarudzi ose. Nhasi, rudzi rwacho rwakasiyana kupfuura nakare kose, uye nhau yokubatanidzwa inopfuurira kuva chinhu chikuru kugadziriro yokuumba mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru. Mitemo yokuvhotera, kodzero dzokuvhotera, uye kugadziriswa kwemhosva inzvimbo dzinoitirwa dziviriro dzazvinoenzana. Mugumisiro weiyi rwisano uchaziva kana rudzi rwacho ruchirarama kusvikira kumipimo rwarwo rwarwo rwarwo rwarwo rwakakwirira zvikuru. Basa rokuumba mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru unowedzerawo kukuvakwakwakwa nokuda kwekusaruramisira kwenhau, kubatanidza kugadzikwa kwavagari vemo venyika dzapasi, kubatanidza kubatwa nouranda.

Bumbiro Remitemo Rinofemera Nebasa Rematare

Bazu redare rinoita basa rinokosha mukududzira re "mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru. Mufungo we Upenyu hweChinyorwa" unodavira kuti revo yechinyorwa inochinja munguva kuti isvike migariro mitsva. Muiyi mirangariro, matare ane mutoro wokuwedzera kutevedzerwa kwenheyo dzamanyunyunyu nerusununguko. Zvisarudzo zvemanyuko zvakafanana nerechi20 ne21. [[FLT:][FLT][F] V.[FT][3]

Kupedzisa: Nhaka Yebasa Risina Kutsarukana

Chitsama chamashoko chinoti "kuumba mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru" hachisati chiri rondedzero yakarevera yechinopedzwa. Chikumbiro chokushanda, mupimo umo rudzi runoyera fambiro mberi yarwo rumene, uye tariro nokuda kwenguva yemberi iri nani. Vavambi vakapa kwete gwaro rakakwana, asi rakakwana. Vakanzwisisa kuti mubatanidzwa wacho waizoda tarisiro yenguva dzose, dziviriro yokungwarira, uye chinjo yenguva nenguva. Nhau yeUnited States idiviro yesimba reiyi pfungwa. Kuvambira pakupera kwouranda kusvikira kukukura kwekodzero dzokuvhota, kubva kuKubata Kutsva kusvikira kuRumbidzo yeChikwa chavagari vemo, chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chakatora basa rokuita mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru.

Sezvo rudzi rwacho ruchipfuurira kupinda zvikuru muzana ramakore rechi 21, denho inoramba iri imwe. Kuparadzana kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kusaenzana kwenzanga, uye mibvunzo yezivikanwo yenyika zvichaedza zvisungo zvemubatanidzwa. Asi mepu iri pachena. Pregear inogovera kambasi. Isu vanhu" tiri vanyoreri navagari venhau dzinopfuurira. Basa harisi kumira nehurumende yoga; rinogarwa nomugari wemo wose. Kuumba mubatanidzwa wakakwana kunoda kurukurirano yehurumende, kutendeseka, uye kudisa kutambanudzira zvikomborero zverusununguko kuna vose. Ndiro basa risingadzokerwi reAmerica. [FLT:]