Basa Risingaperi Rokuedzwa Kwevanhu Vose Mumiitiro Yepamutemo Yazvino Uno

Miedzo yavose inomirira imwe yedziviriro dzinooneka zvikurusa dzegadziriro yeruramisiro. Nheyo yokuti kutonga kwedare kunofanira kuve kwakazaruka kucherechedzwa nenzanga(uye kazhinji kazhinji pepanhau) inobatira sechenjero pasimba rehurumende uye vimbiso yokuti ruramisiro haisati ichingoitwa bedzi asi inoonekwa kuti inoitwa. Nepo murangariro mukuru uri wekare, kushandiswa kwaro kunopfuurira kushanduka mukupindura mukuchinja kwegadziriro dzechengedzero, itiro hanya, uye kuchinja kariro dzechigaro. Kunzwisisa chikonzero nei miedzo yavose yakava nayo mukuwirirana nenhau, uye dzvinyiriro dzazvinotarisana nadzo nhasi zvinokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anokoshesa mutemo.

Nheyo Dzenhau Dzeruramisiro Yakazaruka

Pfungwa yokuti miedzo inofanira kuitirwa vanhu haina kuumbwa zvizere kwemazana emakore, yakaumbwa nokudiwa kwokudzora matare epachivande uye mitemo yokuzvitonga.

Mavambo Ekare muRoma neGirisi

MuRiphabliki yeRoma, nhau dzapamutemo dzaiitwa zvakakurumbira mu forum, nzvimbo yavose umo vagari vaigona kuungana. Nhau dzedare dzakapokanidzwa pamberi pedare redare redare redare ramakurukota, uye kuvapo kwavaoni kwaivimbisa kuti vatsigiri vanamati vainamate kumira miganhu youfakazi. Nenzira yakafanana, muAthens yapakuvamba, kutongwa kwakaitika mu [[FLT:] heliaiaia , dare guru ravose ravose raigona kupinda uye kuvhotera pamigadziro, achiita musengwa mukuru wekuita. Iyi donzo rapakuvamba rokuvandika rakanga risiri risingabvumirwi njodzi yapamhine simba.

England YeMiddle Ages Nokumuka Kwechijuri

Mutemo weChirungu wakagarwa nhaka simbiso yeRoma pazivikanwo, asi wakaipa chimiro chakajeka chesangano. Pashure pekunge Norman Conquest, matare amambo akavamba kufamba mudunhu, nhau dzokunzwa mumataundi omumabhizimisi. Magna Carta] [ [12] (1215]) haina kuraira zvakajeka kuti miedzo yavose ivepo, asi simbiso yayo pamuitiro wakafanira. Pakasvika nguva yapamberi yeMiddle Ages, kutonga kwaiitirwa mumazabheji apo vacheki vaigona kucherekedza kuongororwa kwezvapupu nezvibvumikiso. Gadziro redare redare redare, iro rakaisa vagari vemo vaworuzhinji mumubato, raitsamira pakuoneka kwezviito kuti varambe kuvimbika. Munyori wenhau wemitemo John Baker anocherekedza kuti vapindirwe vaparuzhinji vairangarirwa sechirungu.

Kujekeswa Nebumbiro Remitemo reAmerica

Mifungo youzivi yeNjereso yakakwidza ruramisiro kubva kutsika inoshanda kuenda kurudyi rwebumbiro remitemo. Jeremy Benham yakakurumbira yaitaura kuti kuziviswa i “mweya weruramisiro” nemhaka yokuti inodzora vatongi namagweta ku“vonero avanhu vose.” Vatongi veU.S. Hurumende yakaisa maruramiro kumuedzo wavose SSCMYT , vachivimbisa kuti vapomeri vemhosva havagoni kupiwa mhaka muchivande. [[FLT:]] Kudzora [FLD] kwakarect] nenzira yakafanana kudzivirira mano okushuma, kuoneka kwedare rose.

Mabasa Okuona Maruva Munyaya Dzepamutemo

Kuona chitarisiko kunoita zvinopfuura kugutsa pfungwa dzisinganzwisisiki; kunoita mabasa chaiwo anoita kuti gadziriro yeruramisiro ishande zvakanaka uye zvinobudirira.

Kuzvidavirira Kwavatongi Nevatengi

Mutongi paanotonga seri kwemasuo, hapana kunzvera kwokukurumidza pamusoro perusaruro, kusakwanisa, kana kuti ushati. vakuru vakuru vemiitiro vanoraira kuti vape mufungo wavo pamberi pavacherekedzi avo vanogona kudenha zvisarudzo pamusoro pechikumbiro kana kuti kupfurikidza nehurukuro yavose. zvakafanana zvinoda varovereri vemhosva namagweta anodzivirira, avo vanofanira kuzvidzora vamene neunyanzvi apo zviito zvavo zvinooneka kuva zvinobudisa nhau nenzanga. Uku kuzvidavirira kunokosha zvikuru muzvinoitika zvinobatanidza njodzi dzakakwirira, zvakadai sechirango chorufu kana kuti ushati hwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kukanganiswa Kwomufambiro Usina Kufanira Noutsotsi

Miedzo yavose inoshanda basa rine simba rokudzivisa pamitengo miviri. Chokutanga, inodzivisa kusazvibata kwedare: mutongi angaedzwa kutonga nenzira isina kururama anoziva kuti kutsauka kupi nokupi kucharatidzirwa. Chechipiri, vanodzivisa vapari vemhosva vanobvira kupfurikidza nokuratidzira kuti mufambiro woutsotsi uchasvitswa nemigumisiro yokukurumidza, inooneka. Kunzvera muruzivo rwemari kunoratidza kuti kuva nechokwadi chechirango chechirango (hwunonyanya apo chinocherekedzwa navamwe / ine tapuro yakasimba zvikuru kupfuura kurema kwetongero yacho yoga. Miedzo yavose inodzidzisawo vanhu pamusoro pemigumisiro yokuputsa mutemo, inosimbisa mipimo yamagariro.

Kutsigira Kuvimba Kwavose Nomutemo

Gadziriro yeruramisiro inoshanda muchivande inoparira nyumwiro. Vagari vasingagoni kuona kuti mhedziso dzinosvikwa sei vangagumisa kuti tsika yacho haitenderwi kana kuti hairuramisirwi. Nenzira yakapesana, apo matare anokumbira ngwariro yavose, vanoratidzira kuti havana chinhu chokuvanza. Uku kujeka kunovaka chiteshi chechivimbo chinotsigira sangano kunyange apo zvisarudzo zvisingafarirwi zvinopiwa. REGATIAN] Traight’s of Justice[ inosimbisa kuti vanhu vanowirirana nomutemo kwete norutyo chete, asi nemhaka yokuti vanonzwisisa gadziriro yacho seyakarurama. Kuedza kwapachena ndomumwe wezviratidzo zvinooneka zvikurusa zvakarurama.

Zvinetso Zvinotevera Zvinoita Kuti Vanhu Varuramisirwe

Pasinei zvapo nebasa rayo rinokosha, muitiro wokuita kutongwa kwavose uri mudzvinyiriro muzana ramakore rechi21: Unyanzvi hutsva hwokugadzira zvinhu, tyisidziro, uye mipimo yenzanga inochinja zvakaparira kusawirirana uko matare anofanira kungwarira.

Chinokatyamadza Chepesvedzero Yezvinobudisa Nhau

Misa (nazvino zvinobudisa nhau) ine simba rokushandura muedzo kuva chiono chenyika yose. O.J. Simpson kuedza [ pakati-1990] muenzaniso unoshamisa: kupfuudzwa kweterevhizheni nokuratidzwa kwekurukurirano kusingaperi kwakaparira kurukurirano yakaparira wirirano yaiwanzokwikwikwidzana noufakazi hwedare. Varwi muzvinoitika zvakadaro vangapesvedzerwa nemishumo, uye zvapupu zvingachinja uchapupu hwavo hwakavakirwa pazvavakaona pamapurogiramu enhau. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kuzivisa kwakakomba kwapamberi kunoitwa dare kunogona kuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kudzivirira muedzo wakanaka. Dzimwe migariro zvino inoisa mirayiridzo yakaoma kana kuti mira migumisiro inopesana nemigumisiro iyi, asi ivo pachavo vanogona kurwisana nemitemo yokusarukira.

Kodzero Dzakavanzika Dzavanyajambwa neZvapupu

Chinodikanwa chekutonga kwavose chinogona kurwisana nefariro dzapamutemo dzakavanzika dzavanyajambwa, zvikurukuru munhau dzinotapura zvikuru dzinobatanidza denho yevatano, masimba masimba omumba, kana kuti zvapupu zvavana. Kumanikidzira nyajambwa kupupurira mudare rakazara vanhu kungaparira nhamo yokuwedzera kana kuti kunyange kurega kushuma chose chose. Gadziriro dzapamutemo dzakawanda dzakagamuchira kupfurikidza nokubvumira ufakazi kupfurikidza nokuvhara terevhizheni yakavharwa kana kuti kupfurikidza nokuvhara kwechinguvana dare nokuda kwezvimwe zviitiko. [FLT: 0] Dare reEurope rekodzero dzavanhu [ rakaziva kuti kurangarira zvakavanzika kunogona kururamisa ganhurirwa pakuwana vanhu vose, chero bedzi ganhuriro iri ganhuriro yakaganhurirwa uye iri madikanwa. Kuronga uku kunoramba basa rakaoma nokuda kwavatongi.

Kutapura Mupfungwa Nendangariro Pavatori Mundima

Varevereri, zvapupu, uye kunyange nyanzvi dzepamutemo vanogona kutambura nefunganyo yokuchengetwa. Kutongwa kwavose kungakudza mirangariro: chapupu chinganzwa chinyadziswa nokutarira kwenhau; mukwirirwi anganzwa dzvinyiriro yokuitira kamera panzvimbo pekunangidzira kumaidi. [[FLTSB]Stockholm Syndrome [ kana kuti kumwe kuita kwendangariro kunogona kubviswa nokushaiwa kwechirongwa chakavanzika. Dare raedza nokurambidzwa kwekamera uye mapokachaidzo nokuda kwavatori zvikurukuru vapindi vasina dziviriro, asi aya mabasa haatongogoni kutongokwanisika.

Kuchengeteka Kwenyika Yose Nengozi Youchapupu Hwepachivande

Munhau dzinobatanidza ugandanga, mashoko, kana kuti akakamuraniswa, hurumende dzinowanzotaura kuti kuziviswa kwavose kungapinza mungozi chengeteko. Muuyo wave uri kumuka kwamatare akavanzika kana kuti miitiro yokunyama yakavharwa, umo ufakazi hunopiwa kumutongi asi kwete kuruzhinji kana kuti kunyange kuMagweta omupomeri zvakazara. Umambo hweUnited Kingdom hunoshorwa nokuda kwokushanda nokuviga kukuru. Nepo itiro dzamarudzi ose dziri dzapamutemo, kukanganisa nheyo yeImmigration Applices Comms[[[[FLL:3]] uye United States’s’s Surveial Conquence Court [FLD]

Fundo Dzenhau Dzakabatanidza Nheyo

Kuongorora miedzo chaiyo kunobatsira kuenzanisira kuti pfungwa yokuitwa kwenhau dzinoitwa nevanhu vakawanda inoshanda sei — uye kuti yakundikana sei.

Kutongwa kwaSocrates (399 BCE)

Imwe yemiedzo yavose yakaresa yakanyorwa munhau yokuMadokero ndeyemuzivi Socrates, akatongwa muAthens nokuda kwokusatendeseka nokushatisa pwere. Miitiro yakaitwa mu Agora pamberi pedare rinobetsera vagari vemo 501. Socrates akapa dziviriro yavose, yakanyorwa naPlato, iyo yakava rugwaro rwakavakirwa pauzivi hwokuMadokero. Kutonga kwacho kunoratidzira chimiro chakavakwa kaviri chokuvandika: kuzivisa kwakabvumira Socrates kuparadzirawo pfungwa dzake kumirangariro inochinja. Muuyo wedare rakakurumbira.The Socracrates akabudisa ruramisiro kuti ruramisiro yakazarukira mumiuyo haisingopiki.

KuMiedzo yeNuremberg (1945-1946)

Pashure peHondo yeNyika II, masimba Akabatana akaita International Military Tribunal paNuremberg kuti aedze vatungamiriri veNazi nokuda kwemhosva dzehondo nemhosva pavanhu. Kutonga kwacho kwakanga kuri kwapachena, nokushandurwa panguva imwe chete nenzvimbo yokutsikirira yechigarire. Uku kuoneka kwakabatira nharidzano mbiri: kwakapupurira utsinye hwenhau, uye kwakaratidzira kuti vakundi vakanga vachiomerera kumiitiro yapamutemo panzvimbo pokuda kutsiva. Mitengo yeNuremberg yakagadza muenzaniso weruramisiro youtsotsi hwamarudzi ose uye yakasimbisa pfungwa yokuti kunyange mhaka dzakaipisisa zvikurusa dzinofanira kuiswa mugadziriro inozarukira nyika. Nhasi, [[FLT:] Dare reCrimitaltic Criminalm rinopfuurira kuti tsika kupfurikidza nokuparadzira ruramisiro kwayo pakombiyuta.

Miedzo Yevaroyi yeSalem (1692)

Muenzaniso wenyevero dzemiedzo yavose wakaipa, kutongwa kwavaroyi muMassachusetts kunoenzanisira ngozi dzekuvhunduka kukuru. Nhau dzacho dzakaitwa nenzira younyanzvi, asi dzakaitwa mumugariro wokutya umo pomero dzoga dzakanga dzakakwana kusungwa. Ufakazi hwePpectral (ufakazi) pamusoro pezviroto nezviono zvakabvumwa, uye vakwiri vemhosva vairamba kureurura vakaurawa. Kutongwa kweSalem kunoratidza kuti kuzivisa pasina dziviriro dzetsika dzetsika, zvakadai sorudyi rwokuyambuka vapomeri veAmine. Nhevero yeMassachusetts General uye kugadzwa kwemitemo youfakazi kwazvino uno kwakanga kuri mhinduro yakananga kuiyi njodzi.

Miedzo Inoedzwa Vanhu Vose Munguva Yokugadzirwa Kwemadhigirii

Ruzivo rwemazuva ano rwachinja nzira inoshandiswa nevanhu pakuongorora nyaya.

Kuongorora Kupenyu uye Kurekodha Mavhidhiyo

Matare akawanda zvino anobvumira kunyorwa kwevhidhiyo uye kutevedzerwa kwenhau, zvimwe nokuda kwemhaka dzakati. United States Court Supreme ichiri kudzivisa kuwanika kwekamera, asi matare ehurumende akaigamuchira. Somuenzaniso, Minnesota Jugation Branch horderssss aroundinging parline. Vanopikisa kuti uku kusimudzira kusvika kwakafara, zvikurukuru nokuda kwavanhu vasingagoni kufamba kuenda kudare. Zvisinei, vatsoropo vai vaidzori kuti kuvapo kwemacape anogona kuchinja mufambiro wavatori vemhosva; magweta angaitira vateereri panzvimbo panzvimbo pomutongi. Kunzvera ne [FLT]FFFFFF]

Zvinobudisa Nhau Zvenzanga Nenguva Chaiyo

Vadzori vanoraidzwa zvino kusaisa panhau pamusoro penhau dzenzanga, asi muedzo wacho unotongovapo. Mutongi anodzivisa pamusoro pefungidziro anogona kuparira zvikanganiso. Munguva ino, mapeyisi nepesvedzero dzinoramba uchapupu hwesekete munguva chaiyoiyo, kazhinji kazhinji kushatisa ufakazi. [[FLT: 0]] Kuedza Anthony kwakava chiitiko chetsika pazvinobudisa nhau, namamirioni anoumba mirangariro yakasimba pamberi porutongeso. Iyi mhoteredzo inogona kuita kuti kuomerere zvakaoma nokuda kwavaridzi kuti vasarumbidze. Dare rakagamuchira nemitemo yenzanga inodzorwa zvikuru uye kunyange mibvunzo yepamberi dzedare kutsvikinyidzira vanhu.

Kujeka Nokuwedzera Kwemashoko Asiri Oga

Kupfuura kudzosera mberi, mativi mazhinji zvino anobudisa magwaro edare, madhoki, uye zvisarudzo paIndaneti nokuda kwepachena. Uku kuchinja kuenda kumashoko akazaruka kunoita kuti gadziriro yeruramisiro isvike zvikuru kuvanzveri, vatori venhau, uye vanhu vose. Public Access to Court Electronic Records [PACR] sisitemu muUnited States, kunyange zvazvo ichitsoropodzwa nokuda kwemitero yayo, inomirira nhano huru mberi mukuona. Nenzira yakafanana, [[FLT:] dare reUnited Kingdom ] miraup] mitongo nevhidhiyo yemifungo. Kuedza kwakadaro kubetsera deixyromatectism uye kugonesa remitemo.

Mirangariro Yakaenzana: Mutemo Wavose unopesana. Mutemo Wavagari Vemo Unoswedera

Kunzwisisa kusiyana - siyana uku kunogona kuita kuti pave nesimba uye kusava nesimba.

Nyika Dzinozivikanwa Nemitemo

Mu United States, United Kingdom, Canada, uye Australia, miedzo yavose inovimbiswa mumutemo kana kuti semuperekedzi. Nhevedzo dzenhau dzepamberi (sekukumbira nokudzorwa) kazhinji kazhinji dzinovhura, kunyange zvazvo pasina. system yeadversarial, neuchapupu hwemuromo, dzinotsamira zvikuru pamano avanhu okupupurira mapenyu. Vatongi vane simba rakaganhurirwa rokuvhara dare; boka rinotsvaka kuvhara rinofanira kuratidzira fariro inogombedzera nemushonga. Stocks Virginia v[FFF:3]

Nyika Dzine Mutemo Wehurumende

Mumitemo yavagari vemo yakadai se France, Germany, uye Japan, kutonga kunowanzovawo kwavose, asi basa redare rinobetsera vatongi (kana kuti dare rakavhengana) rinowanzoganhurirwa. MuFrance, maspects [[[FLT:] ass] asss [asss] augnations [[FLT]] anonzwa nhau dzakakomba nedare, uye kuongorora kwapamhizha. Zvisinei, kunzvera vatongi mugadziriro yemitemo yevagari vemo inoparira nhau dzapamberi dzenguva dzose dzakavanzika. Nepo kutongwa kwapamhinda, kungaita kuti kurege kuwanikwa zvakazara kuvanhu vose. [5] Vazivi vakataura kuti muitiro wechakavanzika chakavanzika, kugona kuita kuti kukanganisa kudzivirira kwapamhene, Chikamu chikarori chapamhete. Chikamu chinoramba chikashariranwa nomutemo chikashariranwa nomunhu, chikasaririra: [F]] Chibvumirano: "N.[5

Kupedzisa: Kuchengeta Chipikiri Choruramisiro Chezaruka

Miedzo yavose inopfuura zvikuru muitiro wehurumende. Idzo idziviriro inodzivirira gadziriro yeruramisiro kuva chishandiso choudzvinyiriri. Kuvambira panzvimbo dzeRoma yekare kusvikira kunzwiro dzakajeka dzeInternational Criminal Court, chiito chokuzarura pamutemo kumurangariro wavose nguva dzose chakabatira kunzvera simba, kuvaka chivimbo, uye kudzidzisa vagari vemo pamusoro pekodzero dzavo nemabasa. Nepo denho dzekunyandura mashoko echinobudisa nhau, chengeteko, uye kudzokoroka kwemifungo zvinofanira kudivirira kungwarira kwenguva dzose. Matare anofanira kuchinjira pasina kuisa nheyo yenheyo yetsika yapakati: kuti ruramisiro kunofanira kuonekwa. Sezvineicho unyanzvi hutsva uye kariro dzenzanga zvakabatira kuti tichereke nokutora rutivi runofanira kuonekazve sei. Chipikirwa chokuoneka pachena bedzi chipikirwa chomuedzo unoitirwa kuzoona.