Chirongwa chehurumende ndechimwe chezvinhu zvine simba zvikuru zvinoumba upenyu hwezuva nezuva, mikana, uye rusununguko rwevagari vayo. Kungava kupfurikidza nebhokisi rebholoti, dhiramu repfuti, kana kuti mirayiro yomutongi wenhaka, nzira iyo hurumende inoronga nayo simba inosarudza kuti zviwanikwa zvinogoverwa sei, kuti kusabvumirana kunodzorwa sei, uye kuti vanhu vanogona sei kuronda sei zvakanaka. Kunzwisisa simba rezvimiro zvehurumende zvakasiyana - siyana hakusi kungoitawo hakwo kurovedza kwounyanzvi; kunobatsira vagari vemo kuziva kushambadza kwezvo pakati pekutsigina, rusununguko, kuenzana, uye kubudirira. Uku kuongorora kukura zvimiro zvishanu zvikuru zvehurumende (5).

Utongi Hworuzhinji

Democracy, kubva kumashoko echiGiriki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . simba rezvamatongerwe enyika muvagari vemo.

Mugari Wemo Anotora Rutivi uye Anozvidavirira

Muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inoshanda, vagari vemo vanoita zvinopfuura kuvhota. Vanogona kuumba mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika, kukumbanira mapoka ezvikomborero, kutsoropodza miitiro yehurumende mumibato yavose, uye chikumbiro nokuda kwechinjo. Iyi mhoteredzo inotsigira nzanga ye chibvumirano chapachibhakabhu [ apo vanhu vanonzwa kuva voga voga pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvavanhu. Mumuenzaniso, horo yetaundi yehurumende muSwitzerland inobvumira mubatanidzwa wakananga mukuronga mari, nepo inonongedzera kumiitiro yeU. S. regai vatsigiridzi kana kuti varambe mitemo pabhokisi rebhorakitstaro. Mitengo yakadaro inokurudzira vanhu kugara vachiziva pamusoro pezvinoitika zvazvino uno uye vanoramba kuva nemhaka yenhauro. Mukuwirirana na [FLT:] Mishumo yegore yegore yegore negore, nyika dzapamusorosorosoro zvikuru mumitengo dzavagari vehurumende mumiteveri inotongedzero yadzo inosi ichangobva kuziviswa mumakore achangobva kuziviswa.

Kuchinja Kwemari Nenzanga

Hurumende dzinobatanidza kazhinji kazhinji mwero yakakwirira yekukura kwezvemari nemukuvandudza, kunyange zvazvo ukama hwacho husati huri hwakakwana. Gakava rakazaruka rinobvumira kururamiswa kwezvikanganiso zvemitemo, vatongi vebasa vanozvimirira vanodzivirira maruramiro ezvinhu, uye zvinobudisa nhau zvakasununguka zvinofumura ushati. Vagari vomunyika munyika dzinosarudzwa navanhu vanofarikanyawo zvavo voga upfumi (hwunormones), kumanikidza, gungano, uye kodzero yetsika kumuedzo wakarurama. Somuenzaniso, mutemo webasa wedemocracy ungavimbisa kodzero dzavashandi dzokuronga nokuisa mari, idzo dzinogona kusimudzira nokuvandudza chengeteko. Zvisinei, hurumende haisatiwo isingadzivirirwi kuzvinetso zvakadai semitengo yezvamatongerwe enyika, chikwata chehurumende, chirevo, kana kuti pesvedzero yavapfumi pakuvhoti. Kupfuurira kwemarudzi etsikanopesana mutsikano muUnited States kuenzani yenzanga yezvamatongerwedzo yenzanga dzenzanga dzinogara zvichiratidzira kuenzana munzanga uye kushatsana mune zvemari nguva dzose.

Kunyora

Chiremerera chinosimbisa simba mumutungamiriri mumwe kana kuti boka rinotonga rakaganhurirwa, nokusashivirira kupokana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti kusabvumirana. Iri boka rinobatanidza juntas, nyika dzechiuto dzine chikamu chimwe (mutoo, China muKomonisiti Parti), uye hurumende dzoudzvinyiriri dzomunhu oga (muchib., Belarus pasi paAlexander Lukashenko, Syria mupasi pemhuri yeAsad). Hurumende dzechiongitarian dzinodzora chaizvoizvo, dzinoganhurira rusununguko rwevagari vemo, uye dzinoshandisa mapurisa echivande kana kuti vazivisi kuti vadzori vemitemo kutarira vanhu.

Ganhuriro Parusununguko Netsika Yokunyarara

Nokuda kwavagari vemo, upenyu mukutonga kwehurumende inodzorwa nehurumende inodzorwa nehurumende inodzorwa. Vanhu vanokurumidza kuziva kuti kutsoropodza hurumende kunogona kutungamirira kukusungwa, kurasikirwa nebasa, kana kuti zvakatoipa zvikuru. Munyika dzakadai seNorth Korea, vanhuwo zvavo havagoni kuwana mashoko akasununguka uye havana chirango chakakomba nokuda kwokuedza kutiza. Kunyange munyika dzine chiremera chehurumende chehurumende chehurumende cheHongria Orbán, zvakadai sehurumende, kuderera kwokuzvimirira kwedare uye kuwanikwa kwezvinobudisa nhau kunoparira mamiriro ezvinhu umo vagari vemo vanozengurira kutaura. [[FLT:]] Kudzorwa kworunyara uye kubatanidzwa kwenzanga kunodzivisa kushaidzwa nekuita mibato isingadiwirira ngwariro. Mari dzemari dzinovawo: pasina kodzero dzokuzvishandira pamutemo kana kuti dzizvibhadharire, vanotya kuva vazvirongwa vebhizimisi vanotonge vasingadiwirira kuva vadzo.

Kudzorera Kumwe Nokuzvinyima

Hurumende dzehurumende dzeChina dzakabvisa mazana amamirioni e urombo kupfurikidza nokufambiswa kwemari, izvo zvinochengeta simba kupfurikidza nemubatanidzwa wekumanikidza nokubatira pamwe. Zvingagovera mabasa anokosha /kutarisira kwechirwere, dzidzo, mari inogoverwa zvokudya (jeresa) nokuda kworuvimbiko rwezvamatongerwe enyika. Somuenzaniso, hurumende yeChina yakabvisa mazana amamirioni enhamo kupfurikidza nokukura kwemari kwamasimba ayo ehurumende, izvo zvinobetsera kusimbisa kutonga kwayo kwechikamu chimwe. Zvisinei, idzi mhindu dzinouya pakurasikirwa norusununguko rwezvamatongerwe enyika nekodzero dzavanhu. Transparency International inoisa recurity nguva dzose nyika dzose zvadzinoshatas sezvo dzakashata zvikuru, uye kudzosera kunowanzotungamirira kukuvamba kwenhambo nenhambo nenhambo dzekuramba, sezvinoonekwa mukuratidzira kwe 20222 muIran pashure porufu rweMasamini.

Monarchy

Monarchy igadziriro umo mambo mumwe chete. Nenzira yakaenzana mambo, mambo mambo, kana kuti mambo (ane chiremera chikurusa, pane dzimwe nguva nokuda kwoupenyu uye nokutevedzana kwenhaka. Marudzi makuru maviri ndeehurumende inotonga namadzimambo ehurumende. Muumambo hwakakwana, mambo anoshandisa simba risingadzorwi; Saudi Arabia ne Oman mienzaniso yazvino uno. Muhurumende yebumbiro remitemo, basa ramambo rinonyanya kuchengetwa, nepo simba chairo rezvamatongerwe enyika rinogara muparamende kana kuti gurukota guru. United Kingdom, Japan, Spain, Sweden, uye Thailand dzose dzinochengeta madzimambo semisoro yehurumende nepesvedzero yakaganhurirwa.

Vagari Vomunyika Vanoziva Mumibatanidzwa Izere.

Musiano muruzivo rwomugari wemo muruzivo rwokuzviwanira pakati pemiganhu yehurumende yapasi yakakwana nebumbiro remitemo wakajeka. Mumami ane miganhu mishomanene kana kuti isina. Mambo kana kuti mutongi anoita mitemo, anogadza vatongi, uye anodzora mauto. MuSaudi Arabia, vakadzi vakarambidzwa kutyaira kusvikira muna 2018 uye vachiri kutarisana neganhuriro huru dzapamutemo. Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anorambidzwa, uye sarudzo, ndeedzemasangano ehurumende ane chiremera chakaganhurirwa. Hurumende inowanzotsigira masangano orudzidziso (muSaudi Arabia, kududzirwa kukuru kwechikamikoro) kusimbisa chiremera chayo, kupfuurira kudzvinyirira rusununguko rwayo rwomunhu oga. [[FLT:] World Book [FLD:]

Mukupesana, vagari vomumasangano ehurumende anodzorwa nebumbiro remitemo vanofarikanya maruramiro nerusununguko zvakafanana neizvo zviri mumarepabhuriki. Mambo mukuru anomirira chinzwano chorudzi negamuchidzanwa. Somuenzaniso, mambo weBritain anozarura Paramende ndokupa “Sokutaura kwaMambo” (kwakanyorwa nehurumende), asi haagoni kumisa mutemo. Vagari veJapan vanovhotera vamiririri vavo vaDity, uye Mambo haana simba rezvamatongerwe enyika. Mitemo yemitemo inokomba inova nechimiro chakatsigarira nemhaka yokuti musoro wetsika wenyika inopfuura rwisano yehurumende. Muuyo wenzanga unogona kuva wakanaka: miganhuro yehurumende inosimudzira kazhinji kazhinji pfungwa yezivikanwo yorudzi nokupfuurira, kunyange zvazvo vatsoropotedza vanotsigira ropafadzo yavo yakagarirwa nemapoka eboka.

Komonisiti

ChiKomonizimu, sechimiro chehurumende, chakavakirwa papfungwa dzenzanga isina mapoka umo mutoo wokugadzirwa uri woga. Mubasa, nyika dzechikomyunizimu (muremo, China, Cuba, Vietnam, Laos, North Korea) inyika imwe inodzorwa nenzvimbo umo Komonisiti inodzora mativi ose ezvamatongerwe enyika, ezvemari, uye upenyu hwenzanga. Hurumende inoronga upfumi, inoronga basa ramabasa amabasa, dzimba, uye dzidzo. Chishuvo chokubvisa miganhu yeboka ravanhu kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji chinoperekedzwa nokudzora vagari vemo.

Ganhuriro Parusununguko Rwomunhu Oga Nokuzvivandudza

Vagari vomumasangano echikomyunizimu vanowana batano yehurumende yakapararira. Hurumende ingaraira kuti mabasa api anowanika, uko vanhu vanogona kugara, uye zvavanogona kufunda. MuCuba, somuenzaniso, hurumende inogovera dzimba nezvokudya, asi gadziriro inoparirawo kuperevedza kusingaperi uye kushaikwa kwezvinhu zvemari. Makambani anoganhurira zvakasimba, anoganhurira mamiriro ezvinhu emari nemutengi. Kupesana kwezvamatongerwe enyika hakushivinyiswi; zvamatongerwe enyika hakuregi; zvinobudisa nhau zvenyika zvinozvimiriri zvinodzvinyirira, uye zvinotsigira kutarisana nokucherwa kana kuti kuiswa mutorongo. Nyika yose inoshuma mishumo yezvibereko zvavanhu zvinoramba zvichidzorwa muChina, kubatanidza kushatadzira mutengo kwemaunzimo namashoko okusanotaura kwakasununguka. Hurumende vehurumende vakabudirira mukuderedza urombo muChina (kugovera dzidzo) uye kugovera dzidzo yezvamatongerwe enyika muiyi mutengo zvezvamatongerwe enyika.

Chinosunda Kuvandudza Tsamba

Rimwe ramasimba makuru munyika dzechikomonisiti inyanduko pakati pekuenzana nevavariro. Negadziriro, gadziriro inoronga kuderedza kusaenzana kwemari, asi inowanzobvisa mibayiro yezvokurarama nokuda kwebasa rakaoma nengozi yebhizimisi. Somugumisiro, misika yebhuraki nepfuma isina kurongwa zvingava zvinotanga kupfuudza mukaha, uye vagari vemo vangatanga kubviswa pamasangano ehurumende. Kuwa kweSoviet Union kwakabva panzvimbo yemari yaparirwa nokuronga mari. Kunyange zvakadaro, dzimwe nyika dzechikomonisiti dzakachinja, zvikurukuru China, iyo yakaunza chinjo muma1980 apo inochengeta mutemo mumwe. Iyi jikijeni inodanwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kuti “kukura kwemitengo yezve yemari yakaitawo kukura kukuru kwemari yakaitwa neyamutengo.

Oligarchy

Oligarchy inoreva “kutonga kunoitwa nevashoma.” Kusafanana nehurumende inotonga, utungamiriri hahuna hahwo hwakavakirwa pakuberekwa navabereki, uye kusafanana nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, voruzhinji havana inzwi rinoshanda. Boka rokutonga reoligarchy rinogona kurondedzerwa nepfuma (plutocracy), simba rehondo (junta risati riri mutungamiriri mumwe), batano dzemhuri (chibvumirano chemarikwani), kana kuti batano dzesangano renyika. Nyika dzakawanda idzo dziri dzedemocracy dzinoshanda chaizvoizvo samasangano ehurumende yegutsaruzhinji mumabasa, umo chiverengero chiduku chapamusoro-pamusoro-pasi pevhuro chakaitwa kazhinji kazhinji navezvokutengeserana vebhizimisi navezvamatongerwe enyika mukati-chaiko. Vladimirdar , pasi pechipinote, uye mamwe marudzi eLatin America dzakarondedzerwa sedzoro.

Kubatanidza uye Kusaenzana

Nokuda kwomugariwo zvake, upenyu mugadziriro yezvipfuro zvakati kuti inoratidzirwa nepfungwa huru yokuzviparadzanisa nokusaruramisira. Gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika inobatira fariro dzapamusoro panzvimbo pechiverengero chavagari vemo chakafara. Mitemo inganyorwa kudzivirira mitero inobhadharwa kana kuti kunzvenga mitero pavapfumi. Somuenzaniso, muRussia, mabhirioni mashomanene eairori akaunganidza pfuma huru mukati mekuchinja kwepfuma yenyika muma 1990, nepo vaRussia vazhinji vanoona mipimo yavo mipenyu ichiputsika. Mukahanya pakati pemipfumi navarombo varombo, uye mabhirikiti. Vagari vemo havawanzoona zvinodikanwa zvavo vachinyora mumiitiro yehurumende, kuchitungamirira kukuvimba kwakaderera nokupondwa kwapa nguva nenguva, sokuramba kwakadaro muRussea.

Ngozi Dzokusagadzikana Kwenzanga

Gadziriro dzeOligarchic hadzina kugadzikana nemhaka yokuti dzinoparadza voruzhinji. Pasina mikoto yapamutemo yechinjo, masangano echishoro anogona kuva edzoresa. Kumukira kwechiArab Spring munyika dzakadai seEgipita neTunisia zvakanga zviri zvimwe zviito kuvakuru vakuru vehurumende vaidzora pfuma dzezvamatongerwe enyika nedzemari. Kunyange muhurumende dzinotonga hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzakatangwa, pesvedzero inokura yemari mune zvematongerwe enyika muzvamatongerwe enyika.[1] Kupfurikidza nemipiro yenhimbe nokutsigira mauto echirongwa chehondo uye kutsigira murairo unorwisana navapanduki.” Mugumisiro wacho igadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika inoita kuti zvinhu zvakanaka zviitwe panzvimbo zvavose. Kuchengeta nhevedzano yehurumende, hurumende dzinogara dziripo kazhinji dzinoshandisa kungwarira, mashoko okuparadzira mashoko, uye kutsigira mutemo wakasarudzwa navanhu vanopesana.

Kuongorora Kunoenzanisa

Kuenzanisa zvimiro izvi zvehurumende kunoratidza kushambadza kunotapura zvakananga garikano yavagari vemo. Zvinotevera zvinobudisa misiyano mikuru mumativi akawanda:

  • [[FLT: 0] Rusununguko RwechiPutukezi[[FLT: 1]: Rukurusa muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu nehurumende dzinodzora pamutemo; rwakaganhurirwa zvakakomba muudzori, umambo hwakakwana, chikomonizimu, uye oligarchy.
  • [[FLT: 0]] Opportunity[[FLT: 1]]: Zvikurusa mumademokramende nemhaka yamakwikwi omusika nekodzero dzenzvimbo; zvakaganhurirwa munyika dzechikomonizimu namamonarchy akakwana; zvakamoshaniswa nokubata kwakatanhamara mumarori.
  • Kuenzana[[FLT: 1]: Hurumende dzeKomonisiti dzinovavarira wirirano asi kazhinji kazhinji dzinoita zviremera zvitsva zvakavakirwa paruvimbiko rwebato. Hurumende dzinoona kusaenzana asi dzinobvumira masangano okuchinja. Oligarches entrench.
  • Kushanda: Mitemo yeBumbiro remitemo nehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu zvinogona kuva zvakatsiga munhambo refu kana masangano akaremekedzwa. Masangano emonarchism naakakwana anochengeta dzikamo kupfurikidza nesimba, uko kazhinji kazhinji kunotungamirira kukuputsika kwakamwe kamwe apo dzvinyiriro dzomukati dzinotanga.
  • Ubhangi[: Ko mademokrati bedzi ndiwo anopa kuchinjwa kwesimba kwenguva dzose, kune rugare kupfurikidza namasarudzo. Mune dzimwe gadziriro, vatungamiriri vanobviswa bedzi norufu, kubvuta, kana kuti chinjo.

Iyi enzanisa inosimbisa ukoshi hwegadziriro yesangano. Somuenzaniso, nepo hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ichikurudzira kutora rutivi rukuru, inogonawo kutambura nemitemo yepublic inosekesa utano hwenguva refu yezvemari. Nenzira yakapesana, nepo udzori huchigona kushandisa chinjo dzinokurumidza (mutoo, chivako chepfuma cheChina), inokundikana kudzivirira kodzero dzomunhu oga uye kazhinji kazhinji inodzivisa kusabvumirana kugona kururamisa zvikanganiso zvemitemo. Hapana gadziriro yakakwana, asi muitiro wenhau wave uri mubato unononoka kudzora kuhurumende, kunyange zvazvo zvichidzorwa nenguva.

mhedziso

Masimba ehurumende anoumba pesvedzero huru kumiuyo yavagari vemo vanowana nayo kuvapo kwavo kwezuva riri rose(kubva murusununguko rwavanofarikanya kusvikira kumabanza ezvemari avanogona kuronda. MaDemocracrac anopa ganhuriro hurusa nokuda kwokutora rutivi nerusununguko rwomunhu oga asi anoda kuvimbisana kushingaira kubatira. Gadziriro dzehurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende dzinopa nhevedzano pakurasikirwa nekodzero dzechimbichimbichimbi. Masangano echiKomonisi adzo-hurumende anowana miuyo inoremadzamira miganhuro yomunhu oga neyomutezo. VaOlikharicracy vanoisa simba pakati pevashomanene, kusaenzana nokusagadzikana. Sezvinjo dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinochinja mamiriro ezvinhu echinzvimbo dzechinzvimbo nedzorefesi mudzimwe nzvimbo dzehurumende. Makomonisiri anofanira kuramba achiziva nezvezvirongwa zvinodzorwa. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa vanhu nokuda kwekugadziridzanisa rusununguko, kuenzana.