Table of Contents

Kutanga: Kuchinja Kwokushandira Pamwe Kwehurumende Kune Mitemo Yakawanda

Kutonga kwazvino uno kunotarisana nedenho dzisati dzichiwanzoremekedza miganhu yedzorerwo. Kubva kumhinduro nemugadziridzo wegadziriro kugadziridzo yemamiriro okunze nekusaenzana kwezvemari, nhau dzinoraira zvikurusa dzinodzorwa nechiito chehurumende munharaunda yose, nyika, uye mwero yehurumende. Nepo rudungwe rumwe norumwe ruchiunza zvishandiso zvakasiyana, zviremera zvapamutemo, uye mirangariro, mitoo inodzorwa inowanzotungamirira kukusashanda, kukuita purofiti, kana kuti miganhu yemiitiro. Kushanda pamwero yehurumende haisiwo zvayo yebetsero yehurumende yezvokubetsera kubatira nzanga yemo, uye kusvitsa miuyo inodzorotengwa yavose.

Nyaya ino inonzvera mienzaniso chaiyoiyo yemibatanidzwa inobudirira yehurumende, kutora zvidzidzo kubva mukutarisirwa kwengwavaira, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, kusava nedzimba, kukura kunopfuuridza, uye kupfuura. Kupfurikidza nokunzvera iyi fundo, tinoona nzira dzinogonesa batira pamwe, mhinganidzo dzinogona kuidzivisa, uye gadziriro dzinoshanda idzo vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanogona kushandisa kuvaka wirirano dzinogara dziri pamwero mukuru.

Kuumbwa Kwemasangano Ehurumende Akabatana

Kushandira pamwe kwehurumende muUnited States kunoshanda pakati pemasimba akaoma kunzwisisa emasimba akasiyana - siyana, nyika dzinobatana, uye kubatana kwehurumende.

  • Kubatira pamwe kwechiPirisita: , kugoverana, uye madziva okushandisa (musamusa, mari inogoverwa nehurumende).
  • [ Kubatana kwemitemo: mipimo, kuzivana kwemvumo, uye kuita mitemo yenhengo.
  • Kubatanidza: zvinogoverana gadziriro dzemhinduro dzekurumidziro, masimba ebasa akawanda, uye kusimbisa kupiwa kwebasa.
  • Kuronga: Masangano enharaunda, kuronga guta, uye zvinangwa zvinobatira pamwe zvokuronga.

Kushanda pamwe chete kunobatsira kuti pave netsananguro yakajeka, kuvimbana, uye kugadzirisa kusawirirana.

Fundo Yenhau 1: Chisakiso Chokupindura cheNational — Kubva Pachikamu Chomubato

National Response Framework (NRF), yakatangwa neBato reHomeland Security yeU.S. inopa dzidziso inochinjika, inochinjika nokuda kwevatarisiri vekurumidziro vose. Inobatanidza mabasa enzvimbo, hurumende, dzinza, nyika, uye hurumende pasi peNational Incident Management Management System (NIMS). Simba reNF riri mumiteko yaro, inobatira pamwe.

Mwero Womunzvimbomo: Murairo Wakakomba

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo ndidzo dzinotanga kupindura mukurumidziro ipi neipi. Pasi peNRF, masangano anotarisira njodzi omunzvimbomo anogadza Incident Leappers (ICPs) ndokubatanidza mapurisa, moto, EMS, uye mabasa avose. Vakuru vakuru vemo vanonzvera zvinodikanwa, kukumbira yamuro yakabatana kubva kumativi ose, uye vamba kuisa mari.

Nyika: Reviseur Mulpiter uye Kubatana Hub

Kana nzvimbo yomunzvimbomo yapfuudzwa, hurumende inotora basa rokubatira pamwe. State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC) inonyandura, inotuma mapoka eNational Guard, zvinhu zvenzvimbo yehurumende, uye mapoka ezvemaongorori.

Chirefu Chenzvimbo Yacho: Tsigiro Yakarongwa uye Kugamuchira Tsigiro

Kubatanidzwa kweFederal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), kwakachengeterwa zvinoitika zvinokurira mano ehurumende. FEMA inogovera betsero yemari kupfurikidza nePUblic Lucement Grant Program, Misdap Incidement Management Acts (IMAMA), uye kutsinhirana namamwe madhipatimendi ehurumende (muchib., HHS nokuda kwetsigiro yokurapa, DOD nokuda kwezvirongwa).

Mari yakabuda: Mukati mePhurriney Harvey (2017), gadziriro yeNRF yakagonesa kugoverana manyuko asina mudungwe pakati peTexas, masangano ehurumende, uye FEMA. Vanopfuura 30 000 vehurumende vakatsigira mabasa okutsvaka kwomunzvimbomo ne-rasse, nepo nyika dzakagovera kuvanda netsvina. Kubatira pamwe kwakaderedza nguva dzemhinduro ndokuponesa upenyu.

Dzidza zvakawanda:[ Ready.gov — Revo reNational Reformation

Fundo Yenhau 2: Chirongwa Chemvura Chakachena cheHurumende Inochinja — Mari Inosangana Nehurumende

Clean State Revoir Fund (CWSRF), yakaitwa pasi pe 1987 Clean Water Act Act yeIndaneti, inoenzanisira wirirano yemibatanidzwa yemari inopa simba rokuchinja nepo ichivimbisa nharidzano dzakanaka dzemvura dzenyika. Nyika imwe neimwe inoshandisa gadziriro yayo imene yeSRF, ichiiisa mari yemari yehurumende uye inowirirana nehurumende, ipapo ichigovera zvikwereti zvemari yakaderera zvikurusa kuhurumende dzomunzvimbomo nokuda kwemvura yakashata nenzvimbo dzinogadzirwa namagetsi.

Muzinda Wembeu Nekutarisira

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inogovera mari inobvumira mari yegore negore kunyika pasi peCWSRF. Iyi mipiro inouya nezvinodikanwa zvepurogiramu (jere), kuongorora ruramisiro yemhoteredzo, mitsetse yebasa, uye misengwa yokushuma. Zvisinei, nyika dzinochengeta uchenjeri hwakafara hwokugadza mwero yemubereko, mashoko echikwereti, uye mipimo yokusagona kuiswa.

Kutarisira kweHurumende Nezvinodiwa

Masangano ehurumende emhoteredzo anokwanisa kubvisa mari yezvikwereti zveCWSRF, kazhinji kazhinji achibatanidza zvikwereti zveCWSRF nehurumende anopa zvirongwa. Anoronga kuongorora mhoteredzo, mabasa enzvimbo anotsamira pautano hwavanhu nesimba remvura, uye anopa rubatsiro rwounyanzvi kunzanga duku dzisina simba reimba yokugadzira.

Kushandisa Kwomunzvimbomo uye Betsero Munzanga

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinoshandisa zvikwereti zveCWSRF kuvaka kana kuti kuderedza nzvimbo dzokurapisa dzinoshandiswa kurapisa mvura, mitsetse yetsvina, uye michina yemvura inorimwa nemhepo. Mwero yechishuvo inowanzova pasi pomusika (kazhinji 0-2%), uye nhambo dzokuripira dzinogona kurebesa makore 20 -30, kuchideredza mutoro wemitero pavagari vemo.

Kushaikwa: Chifo chapamavambo, CWSRF yakagovera mabhiriyoni anopfuura $50 (Z $54 000) mumari nokuda kwemabasa anopfuura 44 000 munyika yose. Somuenzaniso, Guta reMemfisi rakashandisa CWSRF kushandisa chikwereti cheProjectedation paT.E. Maxson Wasteater Trapment Plan, kuderedza nitrogen nephosphorus zvinoyerera na 60% uye kudzorera kunaka kwemvura mumississippi River.

[[FT:0] Chibudiso chamanyuko: EPA — Chena Hurumende yemvura Kudzosera

Fundo 3: Kutanga Kuwana Dzimba — Kuchinja Mune Kusava Nepamba

House First, yakapindwa mupiona nemasangano akafanana nePatways to Hospital muNew York, yakagamuchirwa semuitiro wehurumende pasi peInteragency Council on Homesis (USICH). Inoisa mipimo yokukurumidza kupinda mudzimba zvechigarire pasina kuda kusadhakwa, kurapwa kwendangariro, kana kuti basa sezvibvumirano. Uku kubatira pamwe kunotsamira pakutsigira mari nokupfuudzwa kwebasa pamwe chete pamwe chete pamwero yose yehurumende.

Kutakura Vanhu Munzvimbo Yebasa uye Nzvimbo Yokugara

Masangano eCare (CoCs)) (kunoshandira kunzvimbo iri kure anoronga mabasa okusava nedzimba). Zviremera zvedzimba zvehurumende zvemommo zvinoisa parutivi zviziviso kana kuti mapoka evanhu vasina misha yenguva refu, nepo vatarisiri vezvisaririra, tarisiro dzoutano, uye mabasa.

Kushandisa Mari uye Kuronga Mitemo

Hurumende dzinogovera mari nokuda kwebetsero yerendi, mabasa okutsigira, uye mari inochengeterwa mari nokuda kwedzimba dzinodhura.

Purogiramu: HUD, HHS, uye VA

Department of House and Urban Development yeU.S. inogovera mari kupfurikidza neContinuum of Care Program neEmergency Solutions Grants (EG). Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) mari youtano namabasa enzanga kupfurikidza nemipiro yeSaMHESA. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) rinopa varwi veHUD-VASH yeva vakararama vasina pokugara.

Mari yakabuda: Kubvira muna 2010, nhamba yenyika yakadzivirirwa isina pokugara yaderera neinopfuura 10%, ine kushaya pokugara kwenguva refu kuchiderera ne46% (2010-2020). Hospital Yokutanga munzanga dzakadai seHouston, Texas, yakaderedza kusava nedzimba kusingadzoreki ne 63% pakati pa 2011 na2020 kupfurikidza nebatirano yemibatanidzwa yemitengo yakawanda inobatanidza guta, Harris County, Hurumende, uye HUD.

[[[FT:0] Nhungamiro yakashatiswa: [USIXH — Imba Yokutanga[

Fundo Yenhau 4: Rwiyo Rwomunzanga Runotsigika — Kuronga Kunoiswa Muchinjikwa

Chibvumirano chacho chakakurudzira kuronga dzimba, zvokufambisa, uye mhoteredzo, kuderedza kuderera, kuvandudza utano hwevanhu, uye kuwedzera mikana yemari.

Vatungamiriri Vezvematunhu: Kutsigira Mari uye Kubatsira Mune Zveunyanzvi

ZVINOTAURWA NEVAMWE VECHIKARAPUPURA VANOSAMBIRA ZVINOSAMBIRA ZVINOTANGA ZVINOTANGA KUVA NEMASHOKO ANOPA mari inobatsira kuti vanhu vatange kuronga zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana. Mubatanidzwa wacho wakatanga mitemo mitanhatu inobatsira pakushandisa mari.

Kubatana Kwehurumende: Kudzora Munharaunda Nemagariro

Madhipatimendi ehurumende ezvokufambisa, dzimba, uye dziviriro yemhoteredzo akatora rutivi mumiitiro yenharaunda yokuronga, achibetsera kuronga mari yehurumende, mari yokufambisa, uye mirau yokushandisa nyika nerokupa hurumende zvokutanga.

Kubatanidzwa Munharaunda: Zvigadzikiso Zvenzanga

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzakaunganidza vatarisiri vezvokufambisa nechokuona nyika (vatungamiriri, mapoka ebhizimisi, mapurofiti, uye varongi) kuti dziite gadziriro dzakajeka idzo dzinobatanidza kushandiswa kwenyika, zvokufambisa, uye dzimba.

Mari yakawanwa: Mumakore gumi epurogiramu, inopfuura mabhiriyoni 3,5 emadhora okupa mari inotsigirwa nehurumende mumabasa okubudirira anotsigirwa mumunzvimbomo. Kuongororwa neHurumende yeU.S. Office yeU.University yakawana kuti batira pamwe yakavandudza wirirano uye yakabetsera nzanga kushandisa mari yokuwedzera yapachivande.

[ Mashoko akawanda:[ EPA] — Rwino nokuda kweMasangano anotsigirwa

Kufunda 5: Kugadzirwa Kwezvifambiso — FTA neHurumende DOTS

Gadziriro dzokufambisa dzinotsamira papiramidhi yetsigiriro netsigiro inodzorwa. Federal Transit Administration (FTA) inogovera dzimbahwe uye kuronga mari pasi peMUSANGANO weMAP-21 neBipartisan Infraformation Law, nepo madhipatimendi ehurumende ezvokufambisa akagovera mitero yepeturo, mitero yechisungo, uye mitero yemari kuti iwirirane nemari yehurumende. Zviremera zvokufambisa zvomunzvimbomo zvinoshanda mumasangano ndokuita kuporatenga.

Basa Rokushandisa Mari

Gadziriro huru dzeFTA dzinopa purogiramu dzvuruso dze FTA − dzakadai seUrbated Arecured Formula Program (Urbection 5307) neState of Good Reformation Program (Kupa 5337) . Mari yakavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo, vatasvi vepasi, uye mugariro wepfuma. Nyika dzinogamuchira mugove uye ipapo mari inoisa kunzvimbo huru neduku dzomumataundi, pamwe chete namabasa okufambisa okuruwa.

Kuronga Hurumende Nokusarudza Mutambo

State DOTs inoita Statewide Transportation Program (STIP) inobatanidza zvinhu zvinokosha zvomunzvimbomo uye zvakaraira hurumende kuti zvishandiswe. Mudzimwe nyika, masangano okuronga maguta (MPOs) anobatira pamwe nehurumende namasangano anotakura kuronga mabasa anoshandisa mipimo seyakaita mhesano yeyamuro, kukura kwemari, uye kufambidzana.

Kushanda Kwomunharaunda Nokubereka

Masangano omunzvimbomo okufambisa akaitwa neguta, anoshanda, kana kuti zviremera zveruwa — anoshandisa mari yehurumende yeruwa kutenga motokari, zviteshi zvinosimudzirwa, kuisa zviteshi zvebhuzisi rinofambiswa, uye kushanda zuva nezuva. Mitemo yeFare, rongedzero, mugwagwa, uye kuwanda kwemifungo inosarudzwa munharaunda kuti zvisvitse zvinodikanwa zvenzanga.

Mari inotambira: Kukura kunobudirira kweLos Angeles Metro Rail system, kunotsigirwa nemeta yeR (2008), inowirirana nezvisungo zvokufambisa zvehurumende (Profix 1A, 2006), uye New Starts inopa mari (Uss 5309), basa rakawedzerwa kunharaunda dzinochengetwa uye kuderedza kubudisa gasi inodziya inodziya neinofungidzirwa kuva 300 000 ematani egore negore.

[[INDA] . [[[FT:2] Transederal Transit Administration — Grants Hub

Kubatsira Kwokuungana Kune Nharo Dzakawanda: Kunopfuura Kunyengera

Kunyange zvazvo kushanda zvakanaka uye kukwanisa kugadzira zvinhu kuri kubatsira chaizvo, kubatana kwehurumende kunounza zvinhu zvakatonyanya kunaka:

  • Risk kugoverana: Urongwa hunokosha hunoparadzira njodzi yemari, kushanda, uye yezvamatongerwe enyika muvatambi vari muboka revatambi (8] inokosha nokuda kwegadziriro huru dzedzimbahwe uye kunaya kwengwavaira.
  • Kuchinja: Gadziriro dzomuchairi wendege dzomunharaunda idzo dzinogona kuenzana nehurumende kana kuti kugamuchirwa nourongwa, nepo mipimo yomubatanidzwa inogovera musiyano wekuyera.
  • Kuzvidavirira: apo miganhu inobatanidzwa, kunova kwakaoma kuisa mhaka; kuva muridzi mumwe kunokurudzira kuita mitsetse inojeka.
  • Chivako choukuru: Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinowana masvikiro kuhurumende nesangano unyanzvi mukupa kunyora, kuronga basa, uye kunzvera mashoko, kuderedza nzvimbo yokutamba.

Zvinetso Zvinoramba Zvichinetsa Kushandira Pamwe Nehurumende

Pasinei nokubatsira kwazvinoita, zvinoramba zvichikutadzisai kuvaka tsika netsika:

  • [ Kuisa nguva isingawirirani:[[FT: 1] Zviverengero zveFederal zvinowanzorwisana namakore ehurumende, kuchitungamirira kurovha kana kuti kudikanwa kwezvikwereti zvebhuroko.
  • Mutoro woutarisiri: Zvinodikanwa zvokushuma, masangano anokamuranisa mashoko, uye mipimo yokunzvera inosiana inowedzera ndyiko.
  • Kuchinja kwechimurenga: kuchinja mukutarisirwa kwose kunogona kudzongonyedza kubatana kwenguva refu(mr., muitiro wehurumende unochinja ganhuriro yemhoteredzo kana kuti yamuro yedzimba.
  • [[FT: 0] Unyoro nerwisano: Kukakavadzana pamusoro pomwero une simba rokupedzisira rokuita chisarudzo, zvikurukuru mukushandiswa kwevhu kana kuti mirairo youtano yavose, kunogona kudzongonyedza fambiro mberi.
  • Kusaenzana mukutora rutivi: Miganhu miduku, misha, kana kuti nharaunda yakaderera inowanzorwisa kukwikwidzana nokuda kwezvipo kana kuti pesvedzero yenharaunda, kupfuuridzira kusawirirana.

Mabasa Anokosha Okusimbisa Kubatana

Mamaneja ehurumende nevatungamiriri vemitemo vanogona kushandisa mazano akavakirwa pauchapupu okukurira mhinganidzo idzi:

Tanga Masangano Akabatana Okutonga

Matare akabatana, mabhodhi, kana kuti mabasa ane zvigaro zvinochinjana uye mitemo yakajeka yechisarudzo zvinobetsera kupedza rwisano. Somuenzaniso, batira pamwe yeChesapeake Bay Program pakati penyika nhanhatu, D.C., uye EPA inoshandisa Dare Rokutungamirira uye Gurukota Kutungamirira.

Kushandisa Makemikari Kunodarika Mamiriro Ezvinhu

Kushandisa migumisiro inozivikanwa navose (sezvirevo, kuderedza shanyo dzenzvimbo dzekurumidziro nokuda kwavanhu vasina misha, ruvara rwemvura, nguva dzinofamba-famba) kunovimbisa kuti vakwanyina vose vari kushanda kurondedzero imwe cheteyo yebudiriro. Government Perfect and Vers Act (GPRA) Modernization Act inokurudzira kuronga nharidzano.

Rovedza Mari Pazvinhu Zvisina Kubatana Nehurumende

Vashandi vakazvitsaurira vanonzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri gadziriro dzehurumende nehurumende vanogona kukurukurirana zvakanaka. Nyika dzakawanda dzinochengeta Washington, D.C., mahofisi okutsinhirana namasangano ehurumende; nenzira yakafanana, mahofisi ehurumende enharaunda anogona kuisa mapoka okuvaka kukwanisa kutakura zvinhu mumaguta makuru ehurumende.

Ruzivo Rwemagetsi Rwokutarisisa

Mitemo inogoverwa yakadai seIndaneti yeU.S. inopa zvikuva zvokutarisira kana kuti mitauro yapamhina yehurumende mitauro yakazaruka yakasununguka — inobvumira vakwanyina vose kufambisa mari, zviitiko zvinokosha zvebasa, uye kushanda panguva chaiyo. Ikoku kunoderedza kugadzirwa uye kuvaka chivimbo.

Mutevedzeri Weboka Nenzwi Renzanga

Kushandira pamwe kunoshanda hakugumiri pamunhu anokwikwidza mapurisa. Masangano enzanga, masangano evashandi, madare ebhizimisi, uye vagari vemo vanovimbisa kuti zvirongwa zvehurumende zvinorangarira zvinodikanwa zvevhu uye kuwana chiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika.

Mugumisiro: Kuvaka Tsika Yakakura Yokudzora

Nyaya yacho yakaongororwa pano-8. Kubva pakutarisirwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu ekurumidziro uye kugadzirwa kwemvura kusvika kunzvimbo dzinochengeteka nedzinochengeteka, ratidzira kuti kubatana kwehurumende kunobudirira kunogona kuwanikwa apo mabasa anorondedzerwa zvakajeka, mari inochinjika, uye kukurukurirana kunobvekwa nevavariro. Uku kuyanana kunoparira vandudziko dzinodavika mukugoverwa kwebasa, kusasarura, uye kusimba.

Zvisinei, kubatira pamwe haisi gadziriro yenguva imwe; muitiro unopfuurira wekurukurirano, kudzidza, uye kuchinjika. Sezvo zvinetso zvakafanana nokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, mari yedzimba, uye kuvhiringidzika kwemichina zvinowedzera, mano ehurumende dzomunzvimbomo, hurumende, uye dzehurumende kushanda pamwe chete achava anotowedzera zvikuru. Nokuronga nheyo dzechivimbo, kujeka, uye kuzvidavirira kunogoveranwa, vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanogona kuchinja donzo rehurumende rebatira pamwe kuva muitiro wezuva riri rose (*) uye kubudisa miuyo iri nani nokuda kwenzanga dzavanobatira.

[[ITSOGURE] nokuda kwokuravazve paukama hwehurumende, ona: U.S. Office yeKuzvidavirira kweHurumende — Intergovernmental Consolations