Ukwazisa: Amandla Okhokelo Lwasekuhlaleni Kurhulumente

Kulo lonke ilizwe, amabali empumelelo karhulumente akafane avele kwiiholo zikarhulumente okanye kwiipaseji zaseWashington D.C., aphuma kukuzimisela kweenkokeli zoluntu ezibona iingxaki kwimimandla yazo zize zingavumi ukulinda omnye umntu ukuba azicombulule. — enoba zinyulwe ngamagosa, abaphathi-mikhosi abangaqhubi ngeniso, oomongameli boomfundisi- ntsapho, okanye abasebenzi abaqhutywa yintsebenziswano ephambili phakathi kwamaziko karhulumente nabantu abazikhonzayo. Ngokuqonda iimfuno zasekuhlaleni, ukukhuthaza oovimba bengingqi, nokuquququzelelana nabameli bakawonke wonke, baphumele inkqubela ecacileyo ephucula umgangatho wobomi, ukudityaniswa kwezelelwano, nokubuyiselwa ukuthembana kwabo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi.

Eli nqaku lithetha ngamabali amaninzi akhuthaza impumelelo karhulumente ekhokelwa zinkokeli zoluntu kulo lonke elase United States. Imeko nganye ibonisa indlela abantu abazinikeleyo abanokuqhuba ngayo utshintsho olunzulu xa bedibanisa amandla engca ngokusebenzisana. Ngokwengxelo evela kuManyano lwesizwe lwaseCitys, ukhokelo olusebenzayo luyenye lwezona zixelo zinamandla zorhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Ngeli ngezantsi, sihlolisisa iindima ezi inkokeli ezidlala ngazo, iingxaki ezizithi zilolonga, kunye nocwangciso olusebenzayo ekwenzeni umsebenzi wazo ube luncedo.

Ukuqonda Indima Yeenkokeli Zoluntu Kurhulumente

Iinkokeli zoluntu zisebenza ekudibaneniseni intswelo kawonke-wonke kunye nesikhundla sikarhulumente. Abasoloko bengamagosa anyuliweyo — abaninzi ngamatsha - ntliziyo okanye abasebenzi kwimibutho yasekuhlaleni. Umsebenzi wabo ophambili kukukhupha amazwi abemi, ukukhuthaza iinjongo ezicacisiweyo, nokuqhuba intsebenziswano. Ezona nkokeli ziphumelelayo ziyakwazi ukuzazi kakuhle iinkqubo zenkcubeko zasekuhlaleni kunye namandla okulawula i-autaucrates.

Iimbopheleleko ezingundoqo zidla ngokuquka:

  • Ukuxhasa imiba yasekuhlaleni — ukusuka kwimingxuma kunye nokugcinwa kopaki ukuya kutshintsho oluhlaziyiweyo kunye nemali yesikolo.
  • ubuncwane boluntu obudityanisiweyo obufana nomsebenzi wamatsha - ntliziyo, izinto ezinikelweyo, kunye nenkxaso yohlobo loshishino.
  • [ Intsebenziswano edibanisa abantu abafaka inxaxheba kumaziko emali — ukuhlanganisa abemi, amaqela angangeni ngeniso, iinkampani zabucala, kunye namasebe karhulumente.
  • ngokunyusa umvoti, ukurhuqa iiholo zedolophu, ukwenza ulawulo lufikeleleke.

Ezi misebenzi zibaluleke kakhulu kuluntu oluphantsi komthombo apho urhulumente anokuba nobubanzi bebhedu ukusingatha imfuneko nganye. Ufundo olusuka kwi- Urban Institute [ lufumanise ukuba ingingqi ezinabaphathi abasebenzayo zi-40% zinokwenzeka kakhulu ukukhusela inkxaso-mali kawonke-wonke ukwenzela iiprojekthi zokuphucula. Ngokusebenza njenge interdiary ezithembekileyo, kwakhona zinceda ekunciphiseni umgangatho weanti kwaye zakhe izivumelwano ezinxulumeneyo.

Amabali Aphumelelayo Avela Kuluntu Lonke

Olu hlolisiso lulandelayo lubonisa indlela iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni eziye zayicombulula ngayo imibandela entsonkothileyo — ukususela ekungakhuselekanga ekutyeni nasekukhuselekeni kwabantu ukusa kwimfundo nakunxibelelwano lwamanani.

Isitiya Soluntu Siqala: ULote Ongumqwebedu Ukuya Kwindawo Yokhuseleko Lokutya

Kummandla omiyo edolophini eMidwest, abemi bebesoloko bezama nzima ukufumana imveliso encinane. Imali engenayo ekona ye-Oak ne-Third Street yaba yindawo entle yokulahla inkunkuma engekho mthethweni. Xa uMaria Gonzalez osele ehlala ixesha elide — umfundisi- ntsapho odla umhlala phantsi kunye nelungu lengingqi elikhutheleyo — wagqiba kwelokuba athathe inyathelo, akazange alilinde ukuba isixeko singene. Wacwangcisa uphando lweblothiliti yebhu ekwilini lokuhlola abantu abahlala kulo umyezo.

Ngenkxaso yokuqala evela kwimali encinane yasekuhlaleni efumaneka kwiNgxowa-mali yoNcedo yesixeko yoNcedo-ntle (R350 000), uGonzalez neqela lakhe basusa iqashiso, bafaka iibhedi eziphakanyisiweyo, baseka inkqubo yokuqokelela amanzi emvula. Lo myezo wakhula ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kumqhubi mncinane ukuya kumgangatho wokukhusela ukutya opheleleyo. Namhlanje, indawo iquka ikhitshi lokufundisa, isitishi sokufaka umnxeba, kunye nemarike eveki nganye yabasa iinzuzo ze-SNAP.

  • Imali eninzi ethengiswayo yemifuno engaphezulu kweekhilogram ezingama-3 000 ngonyaka kwiintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi.
  • Ukwenza “isithuba esiluhlaza” esincitshisiweyo samanzi oqhwithela ahamba ngama-20% kwibloko engqongileyo.
  • Iindawo zokuvelisa izityalo ezitya ukutya okunesondlo, ukuthunga nokugcina imbewu — nyaka ngamnye kufikelela abantu abangaphezu kwama - 500.

Inyathelo lokufunda laphumelela kuba iGonzalez yafumana imbewu encinci enika imvume yayisebenzisa ekuxhaseni imali elinganayo evela kuphuhliso loluntu lweMbali Grant. Ngokwakha iqela elikhulu lamavolontiya, amashishini asekuhlaleni, kunye nesebe lepaki zesixeko, waguqula iprojekthi yexeshana yaba lifaksi esisigxina. Lo myezo ngoku usebenza njengemo engqinelanayo kweminye imimandla ejongene nentlango efanayo yokutya.

2. Ukuphucula ukhuseleko loluntu ngokubukela abamelwane kunye namapolisa oluntu

Kwisixeko esiphakathi kuMzantsi-mpuma, isikhonkwane solwaphulo-mthetho lwempahla sashiya abemi bemi bexhalabile kwaye bephulukile kumthetho. Inkokeli yoluntu uJames Carter, ipolisa elidla umhlala-phantsi elineminyaka engama-25 yenkonzo, yaqonda ukuba amapolisa akwisithethe aphezulu ayeza kuyicombulula le ngxaki yedwa. Waqalisa inkqubo yokugada abamelwane egxininisa ukwakhiwa kwethemba kunye nokwabelana ngembopheleleko.

UCarter wasebenza ngokusondeleyo nesebe lamapolisa esixeko ukuphuhlisa uthotho lweziganeko zenyanga nenyanga “IKoffee eneKopi” kwaye waseka umthi wefowuni kunye neqela lezentlalo-ntle yezentlalo-ntle yabantu ukuba babe nenkxalabo yokwenene. Wakwalungiselela iintlanganiso zokuqeqesha indlela yokwahlula izenzo zokukrokra kwihambo engenabungozi, nendlela yokunikela ingxelo yeziganeko.

  • Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwempahla lwehla nge-15% kummandla ojoliswe kuwo.
  • Ulwaneliseko olubangelwa kukusabela kwamapolisa lwanyuka ukusuka kuma- 52% ukuya kuma- 78% (inkcazelo yophando lobudolophu).
  • Kwaqeshwa ookhapteyini abathathu abatsha, kwandiswe ucwangciso kwizitrato ezimelene nalo.

Ufundiso lwafundwa: Isitshixo yayikukuthenjwa kukaCarter njengowakha wasebenza njengegosa kunye nobuchule bakhe bokulungisa inkqubo yokugada njengesixhobo sokuhlola. Kwakhona wafumana inkxaso evela kwisiseko sasekuhlaleni ukulungiselela amacebo alungiselelwe amaqumrhu kunye neentetho zamatsha - ntliziyo. Ibhunga lesixeko kamva labela amatsha - ntliziyo imali yokufaka imodeli kwenye imimandla emibini ephezulu.

3. Imfundo kunye noMmandla oLutsha: Inkqubo yasemva kweSikolo

Kwingingqi yasemaphandleni kuMntla-ntshona wePasifiki, abafundi abaninzi besikolo samabanga aphakamileyo babewa emva kwemfundo yaye bengakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi etyebisayo. Inkokeli yoluntu uAngela Reyes, umama ongenaqabane nomnini weshishini omncinane, wabona unyana wakhe etsala nzima kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba azenzele enye indlela. Wasebenzisana nesebe lesikolo sasekuhlaleni, isebe lolutsha lengingqi, kunye nekholeji yoluntu ukusungula “Impumelelo” emva kocwangciso lwesikolo semfundo.

Le nkqubo iqhuba iimva kwemini ezintathu ngeveki kwaye iquka ukufundisa ngezibalo nangesiNgesi, kwakunye neeverhe zokufunda ngemali, ukuphinda ubhale, nokuthetha esidlangalaleni. Abameli bathathwa kwiikholeji zasekuhlaleni, kwiingcali ezithathe umhlala-phantsi, nakubaphathi bezoshishino. Le nkqubo igxininisa ulwalamano olude: umfundi ngamnye udityaniswe nomyali wonyaka wesikolo wonke.

  • IGPA yabo ephakathi, isuka kwi-2.4 ukuya kwi-3.1 ngaphezu kwesibini se-semester.
  • Umlinganiselo wabaphumeleleyo kwisikolo samabanga aphezulu phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abathathi-nxaxheba eClaremont (64%), xa kuthelekiswa
  • Abafundi abalishumi kulo cwangciso baqhubeka befuna imfundo kwikholeji yasekuhlaleni.

Ufundiso lwafundwa: Impumelelo ye-Reyes yavela ekufumaneni kwakhe okungapheliyo kubantu anokuba ngamaqabane, kuquka amashishini asekuhlaleni anikela ngokulula kunye nezixhobo, kunye nesithili sesikolo esasinika igumbi leklasi ngaphandle kwexabiso. Wakwaqeqesha abafundisi kwizenzo zobungozi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kulutsha olukwi-risk luziva lukhuselekile kwaye luxhaswa. Ibhodi yengingqi yabaphathi kamva yafaka umzekelo kwicebo laso lokuphuhlisa ulutsha olusemthethweni.

Ukufumaneka Kwabantu Basemaphandleni

Kwidolophu encinane kummandla weApalachian, ukunqongophala kwe-intanethi ephezulu kwakubambe inkqubela yezoqoqosho, imfundo, kunye nonyango. Injineli ethathe umhlala phantsi kunye nelungu lebhunga ledolophu uTom Harrison waqalisa umgudu woluntu wokwakha uthungelwano lwe-fiber-optic. Walungiselela uthotho lweentlanganiso zeholo yedolophu ukuchaza iingenelo neendleko, kwaye waseka intsebenziswano engakhuthazi ngeniso yokufaka isicelo semali nemali karhulumente.

Emva kweminyaka emibini yokuceba nokuqokelela imali, intsebenziswano yafumana ii-R2,8 zezigidi kwinkqubo yokuDibanisa ye-USDA, kunye nemali engqinelanayo evela kwiphondo. Iprojekthi efakwe ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-30 zefiber, inika amakhaya ali-200, namashishini amancinane angama-50.

  • Utyelelo lwe-Telehealth kuloo ndawo lwanyuka ngama-300% kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala.
  • Iinkampani ezimbini ezisebenza kude zavula iiofisi edolophini, zaza zavelisa imisebenzi engama - 40.
  • Abafundi bafumana ubuchule obunokuthenjwa bokufunda kwi - Internet, yaye abafundisi - ntsapho banikela ingxelo ngokuphucula umsebenzi wesikolo owenziwe ekhaya.

[[FLT: 0] Wafunda uluvo lwezifundo: indlela kaHarrison edityaniswe nobuchule bobugcisa kunye ne-stavvy yezobupolitika. Wayila umanyano olulungelelanisiweyo norhulumente wengingqi, owafak' isandla kwinkxaso yohlobo lobunjineli, kwaye wasebenzisa ijelo-lwazi lwentlalo-ntle ukugcina abemi benolwazi ngalo lonke inyathelo. Imodeli yentsebenziswano yaqinisekisa ukuba uthungelwano luhlale luhleli lunendawo kunye nexabiso elifikelelekayo.

Ukuchacha kwentlekele nokubuyela kwimpilo kwisiXeko saselunxwemeni

Emva kokuba inkanyamba etshabalalisayo ihlasele uluntu kummandla waseGulf, inkokeli yasekuhlaleni uSarah Chang yavela njengeyona iphambili ekulungiseni izakhiwo. Ikhaya lakhe lonakele, kodwa ngokukhawuleza waqalisa ukudibanisa imigudu yokunikela uncedo — ukudibanisa amatsha - ntliziyo nabemi abakhulileyo ababefuna uncedo ekususeni inkunkuma, nokunyanzela isixeko ukuba simisele isakhiwo esingunoqoqosho. Kamva wawuguqula lo mgudu owenziweyo waba libhunga lokuxhasa uluntu.

Ibhunga laphuhlisa icebo lentlekele elilungiselelwe ukulungiselela iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zoluntu, kuquka umbutho wonxibelelwano onamandla ebhetri, umkhosi wamatsha - ntliziyo aphendula kuqala ngoqeqesho olusisiseko lwezamayeza, kunye nesivumelwano sokuncedana needolophu ezikufuphi.

  • Umlinganiselo wexesha lokuphendula kwizinto ezingxamisekileyo zexesha elizayo wehla ukusuka kwiiyure ezine ukuya kwimizuzu engama-45.
  • Inxaxheba kwingqeqesho yexesha likaxakeka yanyuka yaphinda-phindeka kalishumi.
  • Eli bhunga lanceda esi sixeko ukuba sifumane ii - FEMA ezizizigidi ezili - 1,2 ukuze kuhlaziywe izibonelelo ezisisigxina.

Ufundo lwafundwa: Ukhokelo lukaChang lwaphumelela kuba wahlala ejolisekile ekuziyiseleni ixesha elide kunokuba alungise imizuzwana emifutshane. Wasebenza ngokusondeleyo kwiofisi yolawulo lwesixeko kwaye wabhala yonke inyathelo ukuze imodeli ikwazi ukuphinda-phinda i-phindane kwezinye ii-radi. Ibali lakhe lacatshulwa kwi- FEMA unobumba wemeko kwintlekele elungiselelwe ingca.

Iingxaki Eziqhelekileyo Ezijamelene Neenkokeli Zasekuhlaleni

Phezu kwayo nje imiphumo ebangel ’ umdla engasentla, iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni zisoloko zijamelana nemiqobo ephawulekayo.

  • Imali ehlawulwayo kunye nezibonelelo: Amanyathelo amaninzi aqala ngaphandle koqingqo-mali. Iinkokeli kufuneka zifake iiyure ezingenasibhaso zingahlawulwa kwaye zisoloko zixhomekeke kwimali encinane okanye kwimali egciniweyo.
  • Ukuchaswa ngurhulumente wasekuhlaleni okanye abaxhasi bemathiriyeli: umbutho wobuBugcisa, izinto eziphambili ezikhuphisanayo, okanye inkcaso yezobupolitika ingayivala kwaneyona miba yethemba.
  • Ukuqokelela amalungu oluntu: ukungakhathali, ukudinwa, kunye nocwangciso olungqubanayo lwenza kube nzima ukuxhasa ukubotshwa kwamatsha - ntliziyo ngexesha elithile.
  • Inkokeli zoluntu ezininzi zisebenza imisebenzi, zinyamekela iintsapho, kwaye zilawula iimfanelo zobuqu ngexa zikhokela imisebenzi.
  • I-burnout kunye nokunqongophala kwenkxaso yolawulo: ngaphandle kwesicwangciso esicacileyo sokulandelelana, ukuhamba kwenkokeli engundoqo kungatyhila iminyaka yomsebenzi.

Le miqobo ayisosiphelo, kodwa ifuna ubuchule — yaye ngokufuthi itshintsha indlela abasebenzi bakarhulumente abasebenzisana ngayo namatsha - ntliziyo.

Izakhono Zokuphumelela Kwamankokeli Oluntu

Ngenxa yamabali aphumeleleyo nakuphando olunzulu olungentla, la maqhinga alandelayo anokubanceda iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni zoyise imiqobo zize zifumane imiphumo ehlala ihleli.

  • Yakha ulwalamano olomeleleyo namagosa karhulumente wasekuhlaleni kwangoko. ukuya kwiintlanganiso zebhunga lesixeko, ukuzichaza kwiintloko zamasebe, nokucela icebiso. Olu lwalamano luvelisa inkxaso kwixesha elizayo xa ufuna imvume, inkxaso, okanye inkxaso.
  • yenza imbonakalo ecacileyo kunye neenjongo ezinokufumaneka. Iingcamango ezinqabileyo ukutsala inkxaso-mali okanye amatsha - ntliziyo. Bhala iprojekthi yephepha elinye ngokufutshane namaxhoba athile (umz., “kurhoxise ukungakhuseleki kokutya nge 10% kwiminyaka emibini”).
  • [[FLT: 0] Lungisa amajelo eendaba oluntu kunye nomaziko eendaba obulali ukunyusa ulwazi. Iqela leFacebook okanye iphepha elikwindawo esecaleni lingafumana amavolontiya, ahluze, abhiyozele kunye nelokuphumelela. Amaphephandaba nonomathotholo basekuhlaleni asoloko egquma amanyathelo oluntu ukuba usondela kuwo nge-engile enyanzela.
  • Ungenelelo lwengingqi yoluntu kwiziganeko nakwii-fom. Musa ukubhengeza nje icebo lakho — mema igalelo. Iintlanganiso zokuphulaphula abaququzeleli, sebenzisa uphando lwe-intanethi, kwaye yenza iikomiti zokuqhuba ezinika abemi ubumnini bokwenene.
  • funa uqeqesho nenkxaso yokwakhiwa kwamandla. Imibutho efana [ Imisebenzi engundoqo yeMelika[ kunye nezobulali zeNtlanganiso zeUnited Way zinika ushishino olukhululekileyo kulawulo olungangeni ngeniso, inika ubhali, kunye nolawulo lwebhodi.
  • Uxwebhu lwenkqubo yakho uze wabelane ngebali lakho. Bhala ukhokelo olulula olusekelwe kumava akho, okanye unike iziphumo kwintlanganiso yebhunga lesixeko. Oku akuqinisekisi impumelelo yakho kuphela kodwa kukhuthaza nabanye ukuba benze.

Isiphelo: Ukwandisa impembelelo yabalawuli boLuntu

Amabali empumelelo karhulumente aboniswe apha afana ngentambo enye: nganye yabangelwa yinkokeli yoluntu eyayikholelwa ukuba abemi abaqhelekileyo banokubumba iziphumo zikawonke-wonke. Ukusuka kwimiyezo ekwindawo engenalutho ukuya kwiinkqubo zefiber ezisendulini, le misebenzi ibonisa ukuba ukhokelo lwasekuhlaleni — oludibeneyo nomanyano olulungelelanisiweyo — lungaveza iziphumo ezilinganayo nayiphi na inkqubo ephezulu.

Kodwa akukho nkokeli inye ekwaziyo ukukwenza oku. Eyona mpumelelo ihlala ihleli yeyokwakha izakhiwo zokuthabatha inxaxheba ngokuqhubekayo, iqeqesha isizukulwana esilandelayo seenkokeli, kwaye yakha ulwalamano oluxhasayo namaqumrhu karhulumente. Ukuba uluntu lwakho lunengxaki elindele ukuconjululwa, ixesha elingcono lokuqalisa ngoku. Qala ngencoko nommelwane, ukutyelela kwintlanganiso yeholo yedolophu, okanye umsebenzi omncinane womqhubi wenqwelo-moya. Ibali lempumelelo yakho linokuba khuthaza inkokeli yasekuhlaleni elandelayo.

Ukhokelo oluninzi ngendlela yokuqalisa, uphando lwezibonelelo ukusuka kwi CIBIC Iseko lokuSebenza okanye uhambiso lwezitrato ngenqanawa [, olunika izixhobo eziluncedo zokuvuselela iingca.