Table of Contents

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho oluntu emsebenzini kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphathwa kakuhle nokukhuselwa phantsi komthetho. La malungelo anceda ekuthinteleni ucalucalulo, ukukhathazwa, kunye nezenzo zokusebenza ezingekho sikweni ngoxa kusenziwa isiseko sokulingana emsebenzini nokusesikweni. Nokuba ngaba ungumsebenzi omtsha ongenela emsebenzini okanye uqeshwa onobuchule, usazi ukuba umthetho uqinisekile ukuba unokukunika amandla okumelana nobulungisa xa kuyimfuneko. Olu khokelo luhlola umgangatho opheleleyo wamalungelo oluntu emsebenzini, ukusuka kwimigaqo yorhulumente ukuya kwimimiselo engokwaseluphakaleni, kwaye unika ulwazi olusebenzisekayo ngendlela yokusebenzisa nokukhusela la malungelo asisiseko.

Isiseko Samalungelo Abemi Emsebenzi

Isihloko VII soMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1946 silwalela ucalucalulo lwemisebenzi olusekelwe kuhlanga, ibala, unqulo, isini nemvelaphi yesizwe, simisela isiseko sokhuseleko lwamalungelo abantu lomsebenzi wale mihla. Isihlomelo VII sisebenza kubaqeshi kwicandelo labucala nakuluntu ngokubanzi elinabaqeshwa abali-15 okanye abangaphezulu, kwaye sikwabela nakumaqumrhu karhulumente, amasebe emisebenzi, kunye nemibutho yemisebenzi.

Injongo yokhuseleko lweSihloko se VII kukucutha ibala lokudlala ngokufuna abaqeshi baqwalasele kuphela injongo, iinkcazo ezinxulumene nomsebenzi ekwenzeni izigqibo zomsebenzi. Lo mgaqo ungundoqo uqinisekisa ukuba ufaneleke, ubuchule, kunye nomsebenzi wakho, kwaye hayi iimpawu zakho zobuqu . "Usebenzisa amathuba akho okusebenza, inkqubela, kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo emsebenzini.

Isihloko se-VII siyalwalela ucalucalulo ngazo zonke iimeko zemisebenzi, kuquka ukuqeshwa, imbuyiselo, iingenelo, ukunyuselwa, amathuba okuhambela phambili, uqeqesho, izabelo zemisebenzi, nokupheliswa kwemisebenzi. Le ngxelo ibanzi ithetha ukuba ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu kusebenza kulo lonke ulwalamano lwenu lomsebenzi, ukusuka kwisicelo sokuqala somsebenzi kude kube lusuku lwakho lokugqibela lomsebenzi kwanasemva koko.

Iiklasi Ezikhuselweyo Phantsi Komthetho Womanyano

Ukuqonda ezi zifundo zikhuselekileyo kukunceda uqonde ukuba kusini na ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe naziphi na iindlela ezisemthethweni zokunyanga.

Uhlanga nombala

ISihlomelo se-VII siyalwalela ucalucalulo lwemisebenzi olusekelwe kuhlanga, kuquka ibala, ibala, okanye iimpawu zobuhlanga, yaye oku kuquka ucalucalulo olusekelwe kunxulumano lomntu wohlanga oluthile, kwakunye nocalulo olusekelwe kwibala lolusu okanye kwibala elinye, kwanaphakathi kwabantu bohlanga olunye.

Ucalucalulo lohlanga lunokubonakala kwiimeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zasemsebenzini, kuquka izigqibo zokuqesha ezixhasa amaqela athile eentlanga, ukhuthazo olubangela iglasi yabasebenzi abanemibala engafaniyo, okanye izabelo zemisebenzi ezikhuthaza abasebenzi ukuba basebenze ngenxa yohlanga. Umthetho uyalwalela ucalucalulo olugqithisileyo kunye nezenzo ezichuliweyo ezibangela ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Unqulo

Isibizo se VII asikhuseli abantu kuphela abakwiinkonzo zesithethe, ezilungelelanisiweyo (umzekelo, ubuBhuda, ubuHindu, ubuSilamsi, kunye nobuYuda) kodwa sikwakhusela nabanye abantu abaye balugqala ngokunyanisekileyo unqulo, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha okanye iinkolelo zokuziphatha, kwanokuba iinkolelo zisandul'ukwamkelwa, zingasoloko ziqwalaselwa, okanye zahlukile kwimigaqo yonqulo lomntu ngamnye. Olu khuselo luninzi luqinisekisa ukuba izithethe neenkolelo zonqulo nezithethe zonqulo zonqulo zahlukeneyo zifumana intlonelo efanayo emsebenzini.

ISihlomelo VII sikwanyanzelisa imbopheleleko kubaqeshi ukuba bahlalise abasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, njengamagqabi onqulo okanye ukuqhelisela, kwaye umqeshi usenokuyiphikisa indawo yokuhlala ebangela ubunzima obungeyomfuneko kwishishini lomqeshi. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaqeshi kufuneka benze imigudu yokholo olulungileyo ukuze bahlalise uqheliselo lwakho lonqulo ngaphandle kokuba ukwenza oko bekuya kubangela ubunzima obucacileyo okanye iindleko zeshishini.

Isini, Ukuzalana Kwesini Nokulala Nomntu Osisini

SiSihloko se-VII sichaza iindidi ezintlanu ezingundoqo ezikhuselweyo: uhlanga, imibala, unqulo, isini (kuquka ukukhulelwa, ubuni kunye nendlela yokuzichaza ngokwesini), nemvelaphi yesizwe. Ukuchazwa kocalulo ngokwesini kuye kwatshintsha kakhulu ukutyhubela amashumi eminyaka ukuquka uludwe olubanzi lwezikhuseli.

Umlinganiselo "wesini" ngoku ucalucalulo oluquka imbonakalo yesini kunye nokuzichaza ngokwesini kwisikhokelo se-EEOC kunye nesigqibo seNkundla Ephakamileyo. Olu lwando luyavuma ukuba ucalucalulo ngokuchasene neLGBTQ+ abaqeshwa luluhlobo localulo lwesini olwalelwe phantsi kweSihloko VII. NgoJuni 15, 2020, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yagqiba kwelokuba umqeshi ogxotha umqeshi kubaqeshi ngenxa yokuba ngunofana okanye umqeshwa osubayo wesi-gazi ukruthabhekile iSihlo VII soMthetho we-Ovini ka-1964, isithi "umqeshi ofaka umntu osebenza njengofana nomnye okanye othengisa i-Arhenterder womlilo ongathi akathandabuziwa ukuba umntu osisimo okanye awenze iintlo okanye adlale iintlo ngokwesini engowabonke.

Imvelaphi yesizwe

Isizwe esibizwa ngokuba yi - VII sikwalela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwilizwe lakini lokuzalwa, kwimvelaphi yohlanga, kwibala lobuzwe, kwimvelaphi yesizwe, kwisini nakunqulo — enoba imbono yayo ayichananga, yaye iluthintela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwinkolelo yokuba umntu uvela kuMbindi Mpuma okanye ungowama - Arabhu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umntu uzichaza njani na okanye usuka kusini na kumazwe akwiMpuma okanye kumazwe aphakathi okanye ama - Arabhu.

Isihloko se VII sikwalela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kunxulumano lomntu othile kwiklasi ekhuselekileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba awunakumcalula lowo ucela isicelo ngenxa yokuba utshate nomntwana, womntu wesizwe esahlukileyo. Olu khuselo luquka ulwalamano, imitshato, kunye nonxulumano lwentsapho olunqamlezene nohlanga, okanye unqulo.

Ukukhusela umsebenzi

Ngoxa iSihloko se - VII simisela isiseko samalungelo abantu emsebenzini, eminye imithetho eliqela karhulumente inikela ukhuseleko kwiindidi neemeko ezongezelelekileyo.

Ucalucalulo Lobudala

Ngo-1967, iBhunga longezelele iminyaka yobudala obukhuselekileyo kuludwe lwamaqela akhuselweyo kunye nocalucalulo lwe-Age in Adrea Act (ADEA). I-ADEA ikhusela abasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-40 ubudala okanye abakhulileyo ekukhetheni abasekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala eqeshwani, ekunyusweni, ekukhulisweni, ekuhlawuleni, kwimbuyiselo, nakweminye imisebenzi kunye neemeko zengqesho. Lo mthetho uyavuma ukuba abasebenzi abadala bazisa amava nobuchule obubalulekileyo emsebenzini kwaye abafanele bajongene nemiqobo esekelwe kwimiqobo enxulumene nokwaluphala.

Amalungelo okunganeliseki

UMthetho we-Rehabilitation Act (ADA) kunye noMthetho we-Rehabilitation Act unika abasebenzi abaneziphene ukhuseleko olubanzi. Icandelo 501 no-505 loMthetho wokulungisa, njengokwahlulwa, ukukhusela abasebenzi kunye nabacebisi bemisebenzi abajongene nengxaki yengqesho, ukugquma abafanelekayo nabasebenzi abaneziphene, kwaye kufuneka amaqumrhu alungelelanisayo ukuze ahlalise nayiphi na imilwelwelwelwe ngaphandle kokuba loo ndawo ingenza ubunzima obungeyo.

Izindlu ezifanelekileyo zingaquka utshintsho kwimeko-bume yomsebenzi, uhlengahlengiso kucwangciso lomsebenzi, ilungiselelo lobugcisa obuncedisayo, okanye ukuhlelwa kwakhona kwemisebenzi yemisebenzi ukwenzela ukuba abantu abafanelekayo abaneziphene baphumeze imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Abaqeshi kufuneka babandakanyeke kwinkqubo yokuncokola nabasebenzi ukuze baqonde baze basebenzise iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo.

Ukukhulelwa Nemeko Yentsapho

ISimiselo soMsebenzi weSigaba sokuDala uDiabed Discrection Act esilungisiweyo uSihlomelo VII ngowe-1978, sichaza ukuba ucalucalulo olungekho mthethweni ngokwesini luquka ucalulo olusekelwe ekukhulelweni, ekuzaleni, nakwimeko ezinxulumene nezonyango.

IPregnant Works Fairness Act (PWFA) ngumthetho wesizwe ogquma abaqeshi, kuquka abaqeshi bakarhulumente nabaqeshi bakarhulumente, nabaqeshwa abakwi-15 okanye ngaphezulu, ifuna abaqeshi abagqunyiweyo ukuba banike abafaki-misebenzi abafanelekileyo kunye nabasebenzi abanokwahlula imiqathango eyaziwayo ngenxa yokukhulelwa, ukuzala okanye iimeko zempilo ezinxulumene nayo, kunye "indawo yokuhlala ezifanelekileyo" inokuba lutshintsho kwindlela owenziwa ngayo umsebenzi okanye utshintsho kwindlela osebenza ngayo ngokuqhelekileyo.

Ukulingana Kwamalungelo

I-Act elinganayo Pail Pay Act (EPA) ngomnye umthetho wezemisebenzi karhulumente onika abaqeshwa ilungelo lobuqu lokuthatha inyathelo lokuhlawula intlawulo, kwaye i-Title VII igqubuthela iintlobo zocalulo olungalawuleki phantsi kwe-EPA. I-Amecime Pail Pail Act ifuna ukuba amadoda namabhinqa emsebenzini omnye anikwe intlawulo elinganayo ngomsebenzi, ukugxininisa kwimisebenzi engaphakathi kunokuba anikwe imixholo yomsebenzi.

Ukuhlawula ucalucalulo olusoloko ludibene neSihloko VII xa ucalucalulo luchaphazela amaqela akhuselweyo, kwaye ukuba amabhinqa okanye amaqela amancinane eentlanga ahlawulwa ngaphantsi kwalawo amhlophe asebenza nawo ngomsebenzi ofanayo, oku kusenokuthetha ukuchasana kweSihlolo se-VII. Abaqeshwa banelungelo lokuxubusha ngembuyekezo yabo nabo basebenza nabo, kwaye abaqeshi abanakuziphindezela kubasebenzi ngenxa yeengxubusho ezinjalo.

Ukuqonda Ucalucalulo Emsebenzini

Ucalucalulo emsebenzini lungahluka ngeendlela ezininzi, ukusuka kwizenzo ezicacileyo nezingaqondakaliyo ukusa kwiinkqubo ezichaphazelekayo ezineziphumo zocalulo. Ukuqonda ezi ndlela zocalulo zihlukeneyo kubalulekile ukuze ukhusele amalungelo akho.

Unyango Olungacaci

Iinkqubo kunye noqheliselo lomsebenzi zisenokuba kukukhetha phantsi kweSihloko VII ngokusekelwe kukwahlulwa okanye kwiziphumo ezingafaniyo, kwaye ukucalucalulo kubandakanya ukucalucalulwa ngesiquphe ngumqeshi. Oku kwenzeka xa umqeshi ekuphatha ngokwahlukileyo ngenxa yokuba uyinxalenye yeklasi ekhuselweyo. Imizekelo iquka ukungavumi ukuqesha abafanelekayo bohlanga oluthile, ukukhaba ukunyuselwa koodade abakhulileyo, okanye ukuphelisa abasebenzi abadala ngoxa begcina abasebenzi abatsha abanezingxelo ezifanayo.

Akukho mntu uqeshwa yinkampani ephethwe yiWord VII, okanye esebenzela loo nkampani, unokungawufumani umsebenzi okanye aphathwe ngokwahlukileyo ngokuphathelele nasiphi na isigqibo esijongwa njengesobuhlanga, unqulo, isizwe, isini okanye unqulo, akukho mqeshwa unokuphathwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngenxa yonxulumano lwakhe nomntu oneempawu ezikhuselweyo, yaye izigqibo zemisebenzi zisenokungasenziwa ngenxa yemikhwa eqingqiweyo okanye iingcamango ezinxulumene nayo nayiphi na indlela ekhuselekileyo.

Impembelelo Engacalucalulwayo

Impembelelo yocalucalulo echuliweyo yenzeka xa inkqubo yemisebenzi ebonakala ingoondilele ichaphazela ngokungenakulinganiswa kwiklasi ekhuselekileyo, kwaye umzekelo oqhelekileyo ngumphakamo omncinci okanye imfuneko yokuphakamisa, mhlawumbi enokuba nesiphumo sokungawakhathaleli amabhinqa. Kwanaxa umqeshi engazimisele ukucalula, inkqubo enokwenza amahlelo akhuseleke ngokungenakulinganiswa isenokungqubana nemithetho yamalungelo abantu.

ISihloko se-VII sikwakwenza kube kokungekho mthethweni ukusebenzisa iinkqubo okanye izenzo ezibonakala zingoondilele kodwa zineziphumo zokucalucalula abantu ngenxa yohlanga lwabo, ibala, unqulo, isini, okanye imvelaphi yesizwe. Noko ke, isiHloko u- VII sinika abaqeshi inkxaso enokwenzeka yokususa iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo, kwaye umqeshi unokubonisa ukuba inkqubo okanye umkhwa wokuzicalula okanye inkqubo yiyo (1) enxulumene nomsebenzi kwaye (2) ehambisana nemfuneko yezoshishino.

Ukukhathazwa Nokuhlaselwa Kwemeko - bume Yomsebenzi

Ukukhathazwa emsebenzini kuthetha ukophulwa okunzulu kwamalungelo abantu okunokubangela iimeko eziyingozi nezingenakuthwaliswa ziimeko zokusebenza.

Oko Kubangela Ukuba Abahenyuzi Baxhatshazwe

Isihloko se-VII sikwalela ukukhathazwa okusekelwe kumalungu exhoba kudidi olukhuselweyo, kwaye ukukhathazwa kufuneka kungamkeleki kwaye kube ngqongqo okanye kusasazeke kakhulu ukuba kusebenze. Oku kuthetha ukuba iziganeko ezikwanti okanye izinto ezincinane ezicaphukisayo azinyuki zize zifikelele kwiqondo lokukhathazwa ngokungekho mthethweni, kodwa indlela yehambo echaphazelekayo okanye isiganeko esinye esinzima singenza imeko eyingozi yomsebenzi.

Phantsi kweSihloko se VII, imeko yomsebenzi eyingozi iyabakho xa indawo yomsebenzi i- "iphazanyiswe ngokuchasa, ukonakalisa, ukugculela, ukugculela, okunzima ngokwaneleyo okanye ukunwenwa ukuguqula iimeko zomsebenzi wexhoba kwaye kudala imeko yokusebenza exhaphazayo. Ukukhathazwa kufuneka kusekelwe kuphawu olukhuselweyo kwaye kufuneka kube nzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuvelisa umoya oxhaphazayo ophazamisayo kumandla akho okwenza umsebenzi wakho.

Ukukhathazwa Ngokwesini

Ukukhathazwa ngokwesini yenye yezona ndlela zidla ngokuxelwa ngokubanzi zokukhathazwa emsebenzini. Kusenokuquka ukucetywa ngokwesini okungafunwayo, ukucelwa ukuba ube neentlobano zesini, ukuchukumisa okungafanelekanga, amagqabaza acacileyo ngesini okanye iziqhulo, ukuboniswa kwezinto ezibonisa amanyala, okanye nayiphi na enye ihambo yesini ebangela imeko ephazamisayo okanye eyoyikisayo yomsebenzi.

Ukuba ukhathazwa, kubalulekile ukwazisa umenzi wezenzo zakhe ukuba uzifumanisa zimcaphukisa umqeshi, yaye ukusilela ukunika umqeshi isaziso kusenokuchaphazela ngokuqatha ityala localucalulo, ngokomzekelo, ukuba osebenza naye ukucenga ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba uthandwe ngokwesini, ufanele unikele ingxelo yokukhathazwa ngokwesini kwisebe lakho leZintu okanye ulandele iinkqubo ezichazwe kwincwadi yakho yezomsebenzi ukunika umqeshi wakho ithuba lokulungisa imeko ngaphambi kokuba afake isimangaliso seEOC.

Imbopheleleko Yabaqeshi

Abaqeshi banembopheleleko esemthethweni yokuthintela ukukhathazwa nokunikwa idilesi emsebenzini. Oku kuquka ukusekwa kwemigaqo ecacileyo elwa nokuhlaselwa kwabaphathi, ukuqeqesha abasebenzi kunye nabaphathi, ukuphanda izikhalazo ngokukhawuleza nangokucokisekileyo, nokuthabatha inyathelo elifanelekileyo lokulungisa xa kuvela ukukhathazwa. Abaqeshwa bangabekwa ityala lokukhathazwa ngabaqeshi, abasebenzi kunye nabo basebenza nabo, kwanabangaqeshwayo njengabaxhasi okanye abathengisa kwiimeko ezithile.

Ukukhuselwa Ekuziphindezeleni

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokukhusela amalungelo abantu emsebenzini kukungaphindezeli.

Oko Kubangela Ukuba Ukuziphatha Okubi Kubuyiselwe

Umntu ofaka isikhalazo okanye onenxaxheba kuphando lwe-EEO, okanye ochasa uqheliselo lomsebenzi ongekho mthethweni phantsi kwanoma yiyiphi imithetho ekhuselwayo e-EOC ekukhuselekeni kwimpindezelo. Ukubuyiselwa kusenokuthatha iindlela ezininzi, kuquka ukupheliswa, ukuhlawulwa, ukuhlawulwa, izabelo zemisebenzi ezingamkelekanga, ukulahlwa kwiintlanganiso okanye amathuba, okanye nasiphi na isenzo esingalunganga esinokuthi sidimaze umntu osengqiqweni ekuzibandakanyeni nomsebenzi okhuselweyo.

Akuvumelekanga ukuba umqeshi aziphindezelele ngokuchasa ucalucalulo phantsi kweSihloko VII, kuba ethathe inxaxheba kuphando lwe-EEOC lwetyala localulo, okanye ngokuzibanga ucalucalulo. Olu khuseleko alunakukhuselwa kuphela ngabasebenzi abafaka izikhalazo ezisemthethweni kodwa kwanabo bakhalaza ngokungacwangciswanga ngekhethe, ababandakanyeke njengamangqina ekuphengululeni, okanye abangavumiyo ukulandela imiyalelo eya kuphumela ekubeni bacalulwe.

Ukuziphindezela kukwaphula umthetho okunokungqinwa nokuba ingcamango esisiseko yokuba ucalucalulo ayiphumeleli. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokuziphindezela kwanokuba akunakukwazi ukungqina ukuba ucalucalulo lwantlandlolo lwenzeka, lo gama nje unenkolelo esengqiqweni yokuba ihambo ochasayo ibingekho mthethweni.

Imisebenzi Ekhuselekileyo

Imisebenzi ekhuselweyo iquka ukubhalisa iEEOC okanye isebe elisebenza ngokufanelekileyo emsebenzini, ukuthatha inxaxheba ekuphandeni imisebenzi okanye ekumangaleleni, ukuphikisana kwemisebenzi okholelwa ukuba iyabacalula abantu abaphula imithetho yamalungelo abantu, nokucela indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo ngenxa yesiphene okanye uqheliselo lonqulo.

IPWFA ikhusela abasebenzi abacela indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo, abasebenzi ababengavunyelwanga ukuba bafumane indawo yokuhlala, kunye nabasebenzi abafaka izikhalazo phantsi kwePWFA okanye abazichasa ngokufanelekileyo izenzo ezingekho mthethweni phantsi kwePWFA, kwaye kwakhona ikhusela abantu ekunyanzelweni, ekoyikeni, kwizisongelo, okanye ekungeneleni ekusebenziseni amalungelo abo ePWFA okanye ekuncedeni abanye basebenzise amalungelo abo ePWFA.

Imali Nemeko Yokusebenza

Ngaphandle kokhuselwano, imithetho karhulumente nekarhulumente imisela imilinganiselo encinane yemivuzo, iiyure, neyomsebenzi abaqeshi abamele bayilandele.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yezemisebenzi esesikweni

I-Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) imisela intlawulo encinane, intlawulo engaphaya komsebenzi, ukugcina iirekhodi, kunye nemigangatho yokusebenza kwabantwana echaphazela ixesha elipheleleyo nesiqingatha sabasebenzi kwicandelo labucala nakwimimandla, kurhulumente, nakurhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Phantsi kweFLSA, abasebenzi abahlawulelwayo abanelungelo lokufumana umvuzo omncinci nentlawulo engaphaya komlinganiselo owesibini weyure ezisetyenzwa rhoqo ngeeyure ezingaphaya kwama-40 kwiveki zomsebenzi.

IFLSA ikwanamalungiselelo aphathelele ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana, okulinganisela iiyure abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16 abanokusebenza ngazo kwaye oku kuthintela ukuqeshwa kwabantwana kwimisebenzi ethile ejongwa iyingozi kakhulu.

Amalungelo oKhuseleko Emsebenzi

I-Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) iqinisekisa ukuba abaqeshi banelungelo lokuya kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yomsebenzi. Abaqeshi kufuneka banike abasebenzi iimeko zokusebenza ezikhululekileyo kwiingozi ezibangela ukufa okanye eziyingozi emzimbeni. Abasebenzi banelungelo lokufumana inkcazelo kunye nokuqeqeshwa ngeengozi, iindlela zokukhusela umonakalo, kunye nemilinganiselo ye-OSH esebenzayo emsebenzini wabo.

Abaqeshwa banelungelo lokufaka isikhalazo esiyimfihlo ku-OSHA ukuba bahlolwe emsebenzini, bathathe inxaxheba kuhlolo lwe-OSHA, bathethe ngasese nabahloli. Kwakhona abasebenzi banelungelo lokungavumi ukusebenza kwiimeko apho bakholelwa ukuba kusemnyango ukuba kusekho ingozi yokufa okanye ukwenzakala okunzulu, kwaye abaqeshi abanakukwazi ukuziphindezela kubasebenzi ngokuqhelisa amalungelo abo okhuseleko.

Ikhefu Lentsapho Nelonyango

IThe Family and Medical Let Act (FMLA) inika abaqeshwa abafanelekileyo abaqeshwa abanokuhlawulwa, abakhuselwe emsebenzini ngenxa yezizathu ezichaziweyo zentsapho nezezonyango. Abasebenzi abanokukwazi ukuthatha iiveki ezilishumi elinesibini zekhefu kwiveki zekhefu kwithuba lenyanga ezili-12 lokuzalwa komntwana osandul' ukuzalwa, ukukhuliselwa umntwana okanye ukunyanyekelwa, ukunyamekela ilungu lentsapho elikufuphi elinemeko enzulu yempilo, okanye impilo enzulu yomqeshwa onokwenza ukuba bangakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wabo.

IFMLA ikwanikezela ngemithetho ethile yesizwe yemvume yasemkhosini, kuquka iiveki ezingamashumi amabini anesithandathu zekhefu lekhefu lokunyamekela ilungu lenkonzo eligqunywe linomonakalo onzulu okanye isigulo. Ngexesha lekhefu leFMLA, abaqeshi kufuneka bagcine inkxalabo yempilo yomqeshwa phantsi kwayo nayiphi na icebo lezempilo yeqela, kwaye xa bebuya kwikhefu, abaqeshwa kufuneka babuyiselwe kumsebenzi wabo wokuqala okanye indawo elinganayo nemali, inzuzo, kunye nezinye iimfuno kunye neemeko zomsebenzi.

Imeko nezokhuseleko

Amazwe amaninzi nemimandla akhusela amalungelo abantu angaphaya komthetho worhulumente, enikela ukusasazwa okubanzi nolunye uhlobo olukhuselweyo.

Iiklasi Ezikhuselweyo

Ngokomzekelo, amaphondo amaninzi anemithetho yawo yocalucalulo ngemisebenzi, eNew York, uMthetho Wamalungelo Abantu uyabalela abaqeshi ukuba bangayamkeli imisebenzi okanye imbuyekezo esesikweni ngenxa (kweminye imiqathango) yohlanga, yemfundiso yokholo, yebala, yesizwe neyoMgaqo - siseko VII ayiyigqibi imithetho enjalo karhulumente logama nje bengavumeli izenzo ezingekho mthethweni phantsi kweSihloko se - VII, yaye ngenxa yoko, imithetho karhulumente isenokubongezela ize igubuthele neentsi ezincinane zeSihlo se - VII.

Imithetho yezorhulumente isenokukhusela ezinye iindidi ezifana nokutshata, ukudibana kwezobupolitika, imbali yolwaphulo-mthetho, inkcazelo yemfuza, okanye isikhundla njengexhoba logonyamelo lwasekhaya. Amanye amaphondo akwakhusela abaqeshi abancinane kunabo bakhuselwa ngumthetho karhulumente, eqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi beshishini abasebenza ngaphantsi kwe-15 bafumana inkxaso yamalungelo abantu.

Uphuhliso Lomthetho Wezomsebenzi EKhalifoniya

Ngokudlula kweKhalifoniya SB 294, ngoFebruwari 1, 2026, kwaye ngonyaka emva koko, abaqeshi kufuneka banike abaqeshi abatsha isaziso esibhaliweyo abaqeshwa nabasebenzi abatsha xa beqeshwa, benolwazi olunxulumene namalungelo abasebenzi. Esi saziso kufuneka siquke inkcazelo ngentlawulo yabasebenzi, i-inshorensi yokungaqeshwa, ikhefu eligulayo, namanye amalungelo asisiseko omsebenzi.

Ukususela ngoFebruwari 1, 2026, abaqeshi kufuneka banike abaqeshwa incwadi ebhalwe minyaka le ethi Working Know Rights Act, kwaye isaziso sesikhokelo siza kukhululwa nguMphathiswa weSebe ngoJanuwari 1, 2026 onevidiyo yemfundo eza kupapashwa ngoJulayi 1, 2026. Le miyalelo ibonisa ukuzimisela kwabasebenzi baseKhalifoniya ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bayaluqonda ukhuseleko lwabo olusemthethweni.

Ukuphelisa Isikhalazo Socalulo

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho oluntu aphulwe emsebenzini, ukuqonda inkqubo yokukhalaza kubalulekile ukuze ukhusele izilangazelelo zakho uze ufune unyango.

Inkqubo Yesikhalazo Se-EOC

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba uye wacalulwa emsebenzini, ukuqonda inkqubo ye-EEOC yokukhalaza kubalulekile ekukhuseleni amalungelo akho. Inyathelo lokuqala kukubeka isityholo socalulo kwi-EEOC okanye kwisebe elisebenza kakuhle.

Kumaphondo ngaphandle kwe-Fair Working Practices Agency (FEPA), kufuneka ufake ityala le-EEOC kwientsuku ezili-180 zekhalenda ukusuka ngomhla wocalulo, kwaye kumaphondo nge-FEPA enyanzelisa imithetho yokucalucalulo ngemisebenzi, ixesha elimiselwe lidlulela kwiintsuku zekhalenda ezingama-300. Le miqathango ikwenza kube yimfuneko ukwenza into ngokukhawuleza xa ukholelwa ukuba ucalucalulo luyenzeka.

Emva kokuba ubhalise ityala, iEEOC iza kwazisa umqeshi wakho ize iqalise uphando. Isebe lingacela inkcazelo kuwe nomqeshi wakho, liqhube udliwano-ndlebe, liphinde lihlole amaxwebhu afanelekileyo. IEOC ingazama ukusombulula ityala ngomxokelelwano, inkqubo yokuzithandela apho iqela lesithathu elingathathi cala linceda wena nomqeshi wakho ukuba ufikelele kwikhaya lakho.

Uphando Nesigqibo

Ukuba ulawulo lwe-EEOC aluphumelelanga okanye alufanelekanga, i-EOC iza kuqhubeka iphanda ngetyala lakho. Ekuphengululeni uphando, iEEOC iza kugqiba enoba kukho unobangela ofanelekileyo wokukholelwa ukuba ucalucalulo luyenzeka kusini na. Ukuba i-EEOC ifumana unobangela osengqiqweni, iya kuzama ukufikelela kwikhaya lokuzithandela nomqeshi wakho ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-cessication.

Ukuba unikezelo luhlulekile, iEEOC ingagqiba ukukumangalela, nangona oku kwenzeka kwipesenti nje encinane yamatyala. Ukuba iEEOC igqiba ukungafaki fayile yetyala, okanye ukuba ayikagqibi uphando lwayo ngeentsuku ezili-180, ungacela "ilungelo lokumangalela" ileta ekuvumelayo ukuba ubhale icala lakho kwinkundla yequmrhu.

Iindlela Zokusilungisa Ngokusemthethweni Nomonakalo

UMthetho we-Civil Rights ka-1991 ulungisa amacandelo amaninzi eSihloko VII ukuqinisa nokuphucula imithetho yamalungelo abantu nokubonelela ngokuphuculwa kweziphumo zomonakalo kwityala lomanyano localulo lwemisebenzi ngeqhinga. Iindleko ezikhoyo ziquka ukubuyiselwa kwemivuzo elahlekileyo, ukubuyiselwa emsebenzini wakho, ukunyuselwa, iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo, iinguqu zenkqubo, uqeqesho, nezinye izenzo zokulungisa.

Kwiimeko zocalucalulo olwenziwe ngabom, usenokuba nelungelo lomonakalo wokufumana iziphumo zonxunguphalo lweemvakalelo kunye nezinye iingozi ezingezozoqoqosho, kwakunye nelahleko yesohlwayo elungiselelwe ukohlwaya umqeshi kwaye ithintela ucalulo lwexesha elizayo. Isixa semali yetyala elikhoyo sixhomekeke kubungakanani bomqeshi, neenkokeli ezisusela kuma-$50 000 kubaqeshi abaqeshi abakwi-15-100 ukuya kuma-R340 000 kubaqeshi abangaphezu kwama-500.

Ukukhusela Abavuthuzi Beentaka

Abaqeshwa abanikela ingxelo yemisebenzi engekho mthethweni okanye ukwaphulwa komthetho bafumana ikhuselwa ngokukhethekileyo phantsi kwemimiselo eyahlukahlukeneyo karhulumente neyamaphondo.

Imithetho yentlupheko ehamba kunye

ISebe leJaji lase-U.S. landisa iNkqubo yeCorporate Whistleer Awards Pilot ngowe - 2025 ukuquka ukwaphulwa kwemithetho enxulumene nokufuduka, yaye olu tshintsho lubangela intshukumisa yemali kubantu ngabanye ukuba baxele urhulumente ukuba baphulwe ngokweenkqubo zokuthobela ngaphakathi, uxwebhu olungaguquguqukiyo, kunye nemithetho ecacileyo yokuhamba.

Imithetho eyahlukeneyo karhulumente ikhusela abafutha iimpepho kushishino oluthile nakwimeko ethile. ISivumelwano seSarbanes-Oxley sikhusela abasebenzi beenkampani ezithengisa ityala elithengiselwayo abanikela ingxelo yokuqhatha. UMthetho wobuxoki ukhusela abasebenzi abachaza ubuqhetseba ngokuchasene norhulumente. I-Occupational Safety and Health Act ikhusela abasebenzi abachaza ukwaphulwa kokhuseleko. Le mithetho iyakuthintela ukubuyiselwa nokubonelela ukubuyiselwa kwemivuzo, ukubuyiselwa umva, kunye nelahleko yemali ehlawulwayo.

Ukhuseleko Lompumpuma Welizwe

Amazwe amaninzi aye amisela imithetho yokuzikhusela ebanzi yabacuphi bempempe ekwalela abaqeshi ukuba baphindezele abaqeshwa abaxela ukwaphulwa komthetho, abangafuni ukuba nenxaxheba kwimisebenzi engekho mthethweni, okanye abasebenzisane nophando lukarhulumente. Imithetho karhulumente isenokunikela ukhuseleko olubanzi kunomthetho karhulumente kwaye isenokugubungela abaqeshi kunye nemisebenzi emininzi.

Eminye imithetho yokubetha impempe ikhusela abaqeshwa abanikela ingxelo yokwaphulwa kwangaphakathi kumqeshi wabo, ngoxa eminye ifuna ukuxelelwa umbutho karhulumente. Ukuqonda iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zemithetho yokufutha impempe kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ufumana ukhuseleko oluphezulu xa uxela ububi.

Iimbambano Ezimanyumnyezi Kumalungelo Asekuhlaleni Emisebenzi

Njengoko indawo yomsebenzi iguquka, kuqhubeka kuvela imibandela engakumbi yamalungelo abantu, nto leyo efuna ukumiselwa nokukhuselwa ngokusemthethweni okuhlaziyiweyo.

Ubuntlola Obenziweyo Nezigqibo Zomsebenzi

Illinois iza kuzalisekisa izindululo kuMthetho wamaLungelo oLuntu e-Illinois ("IHRA") osebenzayo kuJanuwari 1, 2026, ukubeka isaziso esitsha, ukulwa nolwahlulo-mda, kunye neemfuno zokugcina ingxelo kubaqeshi abasebenzisa ubukrelekrele obungeyo ("AIIII") kwizigqibo zomsebenzi, kwaye abaqeshi kufuneka bazise abafaki-zicelo nabasebenzi xa i-Al isetyenziswa ukuphembelela ukuqeshwa, ukunyuselwa, ukukhutshwa, ukukhutshwa, okanye ezinye iimfuno kunye neemeko zemisebenzi, kwaye isenokungasebenzisi i-AIP ngendlela ephumela ekubeni ikhethelwe emsebenzini.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokwenza izigqibo ze-Al kunye ne-algorithm ekuqesheni, ekunyuseni, nakwezinye izigqibo zemisebenzi kunyusa inkxalabo entsha yamalungelo abantu. Ezi zixhobo zingaqhubekisela phambili okanye zandise ikhethe elikhoyo ukuba ziqeqeshwe ngogcino-lwazi lwembali olubonisa ucalucalulo oludlulileyo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ze-Al zihambisana nemithetho yamalungelo abantu kufuneka ziyilwe ngocoselelo, zivavanywe, zihlolwe ukunqanda ukupheliswa kwempembelelo ekhuselweyo kumaqela.

Umsebenzi okwenye indawo kunye neNdawo yokuhlala

Ukutshintshela kumalungiselelo omsebenzi okwenti nawama-anchor kuye kwadala imibuzo emitsha malunga nendawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo, ukhuseleko emsebenzini, kunye nocalucalulo. Abaqeshwa basenokucela umsebenzi osemaphandleni njengendawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala ngenxa yeziphene, imisebenzi yonqulo, okanye imiqathango enxulumene nokukhulelwa. Abaqeshi kufuneka babandakanyeke kwinkqubo yokusebenzisana ukuze bafumanise enoba umsebenzi owenye indawo obekekileyo na nokuba uya kubangela ubunzima obungafanelekanga kusini na.

Umsebenzi okude uphakamisa imibuzo malunga nendlela yokukhusela nokulungisa ukukhathazwa nokucalucalulwa kwimeko-bume ezime ngqo. Abaqeshi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iinkqubo zabo ezilwa nocalucalulo kunye nokungalawuleki zidlulela kwizicwangciso zomsebenzi ezikude kwaye zinenkqubo endaweni yazo ukuphanda nokuphendula izikhalazo ezibandakanya abasebenzi abakude.

Ukubonisana Ngokuthe tye

IKhalifoniya iyaqhubeka iqinisa intlawulo yayo kunye neemfuno zemali ezilinganayo, kwaye ngo-2026, utshintsho olutsha luya kufuna abaqeshi ukuba bachaze intlawulo ecacileyo, baqinisekise ukuba ingeniso ilingana nakubufanasini, kwaye baqwalasele zonke iintlobo zembuyiselo xa beqhuba ii-akhawunti zophicotho, naphantsi kommiselo wentlawulo okhoyo we-Khalifoniya (Labor Code 76 432.3), abaqeshi-ma-mali kufuneka bachaze isikali semali semali yemisebenzi okanye isicelo.

Imithetho yokunika intlawulo imela intsingiselo ekhulayo ejolise ekujongeni ikhethe elifunyanwa ngomvuzo nokukhuthaza ukuhlawulwa kwemali. Le mithetho ifuna abaqeshi bachaze imivuzo ephezulu ekufuneka bayinikwe kwimisebenzi, banike abasebenzi inkcazelo yemali, yaye kwezinye iimeko, banike ingxelo yokuhlawula i-data kumasebe karhulumente. Ngokunyuka kwentlawulo ebhaso, le mithetho inceda abasebenzi baqonde ukuba banokuhlawulwa ngocalucalu-calu-calu-calulo, bamele abasebenzi ukuze bafumane umvuzo ofanelekileyo.

Obona Bume Buhle Bokukhusela Amalungelo Akho

Ukuthabatha amanyathelo okukhusela loo malungelo kunokukunceda uphephe iingxaki uze uphumelele xa kuvela iingxaki.

Phendla InjiniName

Ukugcina iingxelo ezinenkcukacha zeziganeko zasemsebenzini, uthungelwano, kunye nohlolo lomsebenzi kubalulekile ekukhuseleni amalungelo akho oluntu. Gcina imibhalo yophawu lomsebenzi, inika iileta, izivumelwano zemisebenzi, uhlolo lomsebenzi, ii-imeyili, imiyalezo yeposi, kunye nawaphi na amanye amaxwebhu anxulumene nomsebenzi wakho. Iziganeko zocalucalulo okanye ukukhathazwa kwemiqathango, amaxesha, iindawo, amangqina, noko kwathethwayo okanye okwenziwe.

Ukuba wenza izikhalazo ngocalucalulo okanye ukukhathazwa, uxwebhu oluxele ixesha nendlela owalibika ngayo, lowo wawulixelile, nendlela owaphendula ngayo. Oku kubhala kusenokuba bubungqina obubalulekileyo ukuba ufuna ukubhala isikhalazo okanye ukumangalelwa.

Yazi Abaphathi benkampani Yakho

Ziqhelanise nemigaqo yomqeshi wakho ephathelele ucalucalulo, ukukhathazwa, kunye neenkqubo zokukhalaza. Abaqeshi abaninzi baneencwadi zabaqeshi ezichaza le nkqubo kwaye bachaze indlela yokuxela ukwaphulwa kwemithetho. Ukulandela iinkqubo zangaphakathi zomqeshi wakho zokukhalaza kusenokuba baluleke ekukhuseleni amalungelo akho, nangona kunganyanzelekanga ukuba ukhuphe unyango lwangaphakathi ngaphambi kokukhupha isityholo kwi-EEOC.

Ukuqonda iinkqubo zenkampani yakho kungakunceda ukwazi xa umqeshi wakho ephula imithetho yayo, enokuthi inike izizathu ezongezelelekileyo zomthetho osemthethweni phantsi komthetho wesivumelwano okanye ezinye iingcamango.

Funa Amacebiso Asemthethweni

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho oluntu aphulwe, cinga ngegqwetha elinomsebenzi elinokuyihlolisisa imeko yakho, lichaze ukhetho lwakho olungokwasemthethweni, lize likuncede ulawule indlela yokukhalaza. Amagqwetha amaninzi anika ingxilongo zasekuqaleni ze kumsebenzi osemthethweni afuna ukudibana ngokukhululekileyo kunye nokusebenza ngentlawulo esemthethweni, ithetha ukuba ahlawulwa kuphela xa ufumana imbuyekezo.

Igqwetha linokukunceda uqonde amandla nobuthathaka bemeko yakho, ugqibe ukuba yiyiphi imithetho esebenzayo kwimeko yakho, uhlangabezane nemisebenzi ebalulekileyo, uze uthethe nomqeshi wakho.

Sebenzisa Oovimba Abakhoyo

I-EEOC inikela inkcazelo eninzi kwi-webhsayithi yayo ephathelele imithetho yocalucalulo, inkqubo yokukhalaza namalungelo akho. Amaziko emisebenzi abonisa ukuba umsebenzi uyafaneleka akunika izinto ezifanayo kwaye anokunikela ukhuseleko olungakumbi phantsi komthetho wesizwe.

Imibutho yoncedo esemthethweni, amaziko abasebenzi, namalungelo abantu anganikela inkcazelo, inkxaso, yaye maxa wambi agunyazise abasebenzi abajamelene nocalucalulo. Amaqumrhu eenkonzo anika ingqwalaselo kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuqhetseba kumalungu awo. Ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo kunokukunceda wenze izigqibo ezithe ngqo ngendlela yokukhusela amalungelo akho.

Iintlawulo zomqeshwa nokukhuthala

Ukuqonda oko abaqeshi kufuneka bakwenze kunokukunceda ukwazi xa amalungelo akho ephulwa yaye abaqeshi bakho benoxanduva.

I-Divice-engalawulekiyo

Abaqeshi kufuneka bagcine imigaqo-nkqubo echasene nolwaphulo-mthetho ebhaliweyo nechasene nemigaqo-mthetho echaphazelekayo kubo bonke abasebenzi. Le nkqubo kufuneka ichaze iindidi ezikhuselweyo, inike imizekelo yehambo eyalelweyo, ichaze indlela yokuxela ukwaphula umthetho, kwaye ichaze indlela yokuphengulula kunye nenkqubo yoqeqesho. Abaqeshi kufuneka banikeze uqeqesho rhoqo kubaqeshi nabaphathi kule nkqubo kwaye baluthintele ucalucalulo kunye nokukhathazwa.

Iindawo zokuhlala ezinengqiqo

Abaqeshi banembopheleleko yokulungiselela indawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala yemilwelwe nezenzo zonqulo ngaphandle kokuba ukwenjenjalo kubangela ubunzima obungeyomfuneko. Oku kufuna ukuba abaqeshi babandakanye kwinkqubo yokunxibelelana nabaqeshwa abacela indawo yokuhlala, bakhangele amanyathelo anokwenzeka kwaye benze imigudu yokholo yokufumana izicombululo ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zomqeshi wabo ngoxa bewavumela ukuba enze imisebenzi ebalulekileyo.

Abaqeshi abanakusuka bazikhanyele izicelo zokuhlala ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kule nkqubo okanye ukubonisa ukuba zonke iindawo zokuhlala ezinokwenzeka ziya kubangela ubunzima obungeyomfuneko. Abaqeshwa abanxityiweyo okanye abajongene nokuziphindezelela kuba becela basenokuba nocalucalulo olufanelekileyo.

Uphando Nokubuyiselwa

Xa abaqeshwa bechaza ucalucalulo okanye ukukhathazwa, abaqeshi kufuneka bathathe inyathelo elikhawulezileyo, elicokisekileyo, nelingakhethiyo. Oku kuquka ukubuza udliwano-ndlebe nomntu okhalazayo, ummangalelwa, kunye nawo nawaphi na amangqina; ukuhlola amaxwebhu afanelekileyo; kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okusekelwe kubungqina. Ukuba uphando lungqinela ukukhalazwa, abaqeshi kufuneka benze inyathelo elifanelekileyo lokulungisa, eliquka ukuqeqesha, uqeqesho, iinguqu zenkqubo, okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango.

Abaqeshi kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo okuthintela ukuziphindezelela kwabaqeshwa abachaza ukwaphulwa okanye aba nenxaxheba ekuphandeni. Oku kuquka ukugada ukubotshwa kwetyala nokuthatha inyathelo ngokukhawuleza xa kusenzeka.

Indima Yezongxamiseko

Amaqumrhu amaninzi ancedisa ekunyanzeleni imithetho yamalungelo abantu emsebenzini nasekunikeni abasebenzi nabaqeshi izinto.

IKhomishini yamalungelo oMsebenzi alinganayo

ISihloko se-VII sinyanzeliswa yiKhomishoni ye-Auncili Yomsebenzi. I-EEOC iphanda ngezityholo zocalulo, imigudu yokucombulula iingxabano ngokuvavanywa nokuququzelelwa kweengxelo zetyala, kunye nokumangalelwa kweefayile xa kuyimfuneko.

Inkcazelo ecacileyo nefikelelekayo ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni ucalucalulo, ekukhuthazeni ukuthobela imithetho ye-EEO, nasekuxeleleni abantu ngamalungelo abo, nasekuphandeni, ekulungiseni, nasekuchazeni, zizinto nje ezisetyenziswa yiEEOC ukuze kuphunyezwe umsebenzi wayo, ibone, kunye neenkqubo zemfundo, kunye nemigaqo, ukhokelo, nezinto zokuqeqesha, zikwasetyenziswa ekunyanzelweni komthetho kuba zikhuthaza ukuqonda umthetho nokuthobela kokuzithandela.

ISebe leMithetho eLuntu

I-Attorney General, ihamba ngeELS, izisa ukumangalelwa phantsi kweSihloko VII kurhulumente nakubaqeshi basekuhlaleni emva kokuba iEEOC ibhekise isikhalazo kwiSebe leSigwebo, kwaye i-ELS ingaqalisa ukuvavanya kwaye ibangele ukumangalelwa korhulumente nabaqeshi bakarhulumente basekuhlaleni xa kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba inkqubo yomqeshi okanye inkqubo yokucalula iqela labafaki-msebenzi okanye abasebenzi abasekelwe kuhlanga, ibala, unqulo, isini, okanye imvelaphi yesizwe.

ISebe leMithetho yoLuntu likwanyanzelisa eminye imithetho yamalungelo abantu, kuquka iMelika enoMthetho wokuKhubazeka, uMgaqo-nkqubo weeNkonzo kunye noMsebenzi WobuRhofu, uMthetho wamaLungelo (USERRA), nemimiselo eyahlukahlukeneyo yamalungelo abantu. ICandelo loLuntu lwaMalungelo asekuhlaleni loMsebenzi lihlola ucalucalulo lwenkqubo kwaye lizisa amatyala afanayo anxamnye nabaqeshisi ababandakanyekileyo ekuphuleni kolwaphulo-mthetho.

ISebe lokuSebenza

ISebe leMithetho yeSebe leNkundla yezeNkundla linyanzelisa imithetho emininzi yasemsebenzini, kuquka iMithetho yeMigangatho yeSebe lezeNtsapho, iSicwangciso seNtsapho ne-Medical Let, kunye nemimiselo emininzi yokufunxa impepho. I-DOL'S Wage kunye neyure yecandelo le-Our Division ihlola izikhalazo malunga nemali ehlawulwayo encinane, ixakeka ixesha elide, kunye nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemali. I-Occapagational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inya imigaqo yokhuseleko yasemsebenzini kwaye iphengulula ikhala izikhalazo ngokwemimiselo emininzi yemicitho yokufunxa.

Ukukhangela Phambili: Ikamva Lamalungelo Abemi Abasemsebenzini

Umthetho wamalungelo abantu emsebenzini uyaqhubeka uguquka ngenxa yokutshintsha kweemeko zentlalo, ubugcisa nokutshintsha kwendlela yokuchaza izinto.

Uphuhliso Olusemthethweni Oluqhubekayo

NgoJanuwari 22, 2026, iKhomishini eLinganisayo ye-Opportunity Commission (EOC) yavotela i-2-1 ukukhupha "Isikhokelo sokunyanzelisa ukukhathazwa eMsebenzini" (iNkxaso "yoMkhosi") yantlandlolo eyakhutshwa ngo-2024. Esi senzo sibonisa iingxoxo eziqhubekayo zezopolitiko nabezomthetho malunga nomgangatho nokugcinwa kwamalungelo abantu.

NgoFebruwari 2026, kamsinya emva kokuba iKhokelo irhoxisiwe, abamisi-mthetho besizwe baphinda babuyisela ukuziswa kweNgqino yokuXhotyiswa ngokufaka ityala nangokuLahla ucalucalulo kuMthetho weSebe woMsebenzi wama-2026, okanye iBETRED Act, kwaye lo mthetho waqaliswa okokuqala ngo-2019, ngokubhekiselele kumbutho we-# MeToo. Le migudu yomthetho ibonakalisa ukuqhubeka nokuchaswa kwenkcaso emsebenzini kunye nemicimbi yocalucalulo.

Ukhuseleko Olwandisayo

Abameli abaninzi bayaqhubeka benyanzela ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu angakumbi, kuquka umthetho wesizwe wokukhusela ngokucacileyo iLGBTQ+ yabasebenzi, ukomeleza inkxaso kubasebenzi abakhulelweyo nabanyamekela abakhulelweyo, ukuphendula ucalucalulo lwe-algoric, kunye nokunyusa unyango lwamaxhoba ocalulo. Urhulumente kunye namagunya asekuhlaleni asoloko esebenza njengeebhulokhwe zokukhusela oku kwandisiweyo, nto leyo enokuthi ekugqibeleni iphembele umthetho karhulumente.

Izinto Eziza Kuqala

Inkqubo ye-EEOC ye-EOC sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwimigudu yombutho yokunqanda nokulungisa ucalucalulo olungekho mthethweni kunye nokunyanzelisa amalungelo asekuhlaleni emsebenzini, kwaye ekuphuhliseni nasekukhetheni nakuchonga amatyala okunika ingcebiso jikelele, i-Ofisi yeNkqutyana kufuneka imisele amatyala anyusiweyo anyusela izinto eziphambili ze-SEP okanye mhlawumbi anokuba neziphumo ezicwangcisiweyo. Ukuqonda izinto eziphambili zolawulo lweziko kunceda abasebenzi nabaqeshishi belindele iindawo zokuqwalaselwa noqwalaselo.

Umbangi wamalungelo omqeshwa obalulekileyo

Ukuze ukhumbule uze usebenzise amalungelo akho asisiseko oluntu emsebenzini, nalu uludwe oluneenkuselo eziphambili:

  • Awunakucalulwa ngokuchasene nokuqeshwa, ukunyuselwa, imbuyiselo, okanye nasiphi na isigqibo somsebenzi esisekelwe kuhlanga, umbala, unqulo, isini, imvelaphi yobuzwe, iminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu),
  • Ekunene kwiendawo ezifanelekileyo zokuhlala: Ungacela utshintsho kwimeko-bume yakho yomsebenzi okanye ucwangciso lwesiphene, uqheliselo lonqulo, okanye imiqathango enxulumene nokukhulelwa
  • Kulungile ukuya kwindawo yomsebenzi engenazintlupheko: Ukhuselwe kwihambo engamkelekanga esekelwe kwiimpawu ezikhuselweyo ezidala imeko-bume yomsebenzi enobutshaba
  • Ilungelo kwimivuzo elungileyo: Kufuneka ufumane ubuncinane umvuzo ongaphantsi kunye nentlawulo yoxa lokusebenza ixesha elide iiyure ezingaphezulu kwama-40 kwiveki yomsebenzi (ukuba ayicimi)
  • Ekunene ukuya kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yomsebenzi: Umqeshi wakho kufuneka anikeze iimeko zokusebenza ngaphandle kweengozi eziqaphelekayo
  • Asekunene ukuxela ukwaphulwa: Ungabhala izikhalazo ngocalulo, ukukhathazwa, ukwaphulwa kokhuseleko, okanye enye ihambo engekho mthethweni ngaphandle koloyiko lokuziphindezela
  • Ilungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba kuphengululo: Ungasebenza njengengqina okanye unike ulwazi kuphando localulo ngaphandle kokuziphindezela
  • Ilungelo lokuxubusha ngomvuzo: Ungathetha ngembuyekezo yakho nabasebenzi osebenza nabo, kwaye umqeshi wakho akanako ukulwalela iingxubusho ezinjalo
  • Elungeni kwintsapho nakunyango: Abasebenzi abanokufumaneka bangathatha ikhefu elingahlawulwayo, elikhuselweyo emsebenzini ngenxa yezizathu ezicacisiweyo zentsapho kunye nezonyango
  • Unamalungelo athile obuqu malunga nolwazi lwezamayeza, ulwazi lwemfuza, kunye nemicimbi yobuqu
  • Ekunene ukulungiselela: Ungadibanisa nabasebenzi ukuphucula iimeko zokusebenza, ukwenza okanye ukudibanisa, kwaye ubandakanye ukuthelekisa
  • Asekunene kwinkcazelo: Ungafumana ulwazi malunga neengozi emsebenzini, ifayile yakho yabasebenzi (kumaphondo amaninzi), namalungelo akho phantsi kwemithetho eyahlukeneyo yemisebenzi

Ukuthabatha Inyathelo Lokukhusela Amalungelo Akho

Amalungelo akho oluntu emsebenzini asisiseko ekhusela ukunyanyekelwa ngokufanelekileyo, amathuba alinganayo, nesidima emsebenzini. La malungelo asiyomigaqo engekho ngqiqweni engokomthetho kodwa zizixhobo ezisebenzisekayo onokuzisebenzisa ukuze uzixhase uze uzenzele iimeko ezingcono zokusebenza.

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe, musa ukupholisa amanyathelo. Zibhaleni iziganeko, zixele ngemijelo efanelekileyo, funa icebiso elingokwasemthethweni, kwaye funa izikhalazo ezifanelekileyo ngemigaqo efanelekileyo. Khumbula ukuba ukuziphindezela ngenxa yokusebenzisa amalungelo akho asekuhlaleni akuvumelekanga, kwaye unendlela yokuzikhusela ekuzimela.

Kwangaxeshanye, ukuqonda amalungelo akho kukunceda ube ngummeli ongcono wabanye abantu osebenza nabo kwaye kufak' isandla kumsebenzi olinganayo womntu wonke. Xa abasebenzi bewazi amalungelo abo kwaye bekulungele ukuwanyanzelisa, abaqeshi badla ngokuthobela umthetho baze benze iindawo ezihlala abantu abalungileyo, eziquka bonke abasebenzi.

Ukuma kwamalungelo abantu emsebenzini kuyaqhubeka kuguquka, kuphinda kuchazwe imithetho ekhoyo ngokutsha ukuze kulungiswe iingxaki. Ukuhlala wazi ngezi zinto, ukuqonda indlela umthetho osebenza ngayo kwimeko ethile, nokwazi apho unokufumana uncedo bubuchule obubalulekileyo kumsebenzi ngamnye.

Ulwazi oluninzi ngamalungelo omsebenzi kunye nomthetho wemisebenzi, tyelela iKhomishini yezemisebenzi. Ezinye izinto zifumaneka ngemibutho enjengeprojekthi yoMthetho weMsebenzi ye-. U.S. Isebe leMsebenzi, isebe lesizwe lakho elifanelekileyo lokusebenza, okanye uqhagamshelane negqwetha lomsebenzi. Ubuncwane obungakumbi bufumaneka ngemibutho enjenge-[ iProjects Actal Rowment Yomthetho yezemisebenzi yesizwe, [[FLT:]], [[FLT]]] Imisebenzi yempatho yempatho yempatho , kunye namalungelo ahlukahlukeneyoluntu.

Amalungelo akho oluntu kumsebenzi. Akhusela amandla akho okuziphilisa, ukuxhasa intsapho yakho, nokusukela usukelo lwakho lomsebenzi ngaphandle kokucalucalulwa, ukukhathazwa okanye ukuphathwa ngokungekho sikweni. Ngokuwaqonda la malungelo nangokuwanyanzelisa, uyakwazi ukuzenzela izinto kwaye unegalelo ekusebenzeni ngokusesikweni nangokungenatyala kubo bonke abantu.