Ukubizwa kwenkonzo yabachopheli-tyala kwityala likarhulumente ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo. Umsebenzi wakho kukuphulaphula ngenyameko ubungqina, ukulandela imiyalelo yomgwebi, nokufikelela isigqibo esifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwizibakala. Enye yeengongoma ezifuna ukuqondwa kukubekwa esichengeni kusisigqibo [ sobu bungqina . Lo mgaqo umisela indlela obulinganiswa ngayo ubungqina noko kufuneka amaqela abonise ngayo ukuba aphumelele kwityala lawo. Ngaphandle kokuqonda kakuhle ubunzima bobungqina, abalawuli beentloko-jurs benza izigqibo ezisekelwe kwincukutyelelo okanye kwimfesane kunokuba kumthetho. Oku kwandiswa isikhokelo esichaza yonke into oyifunayo ukuze wazi njengomntu osebenzayo ngomthwalo, ukusuka kwinkcazelo esisiseko ukuze asebenzise ingcebiso elisebenzisekayo

Uyintoni Umthwalo Obubungqina?

Umthwalo wobungqina yimbopheleleko ebekwe kwiqela elinye ukungqina izibakala zemeko yabo. Kwityala loluntu, umbutho ozisa ityala ```FLT'] ucacisa ityala' ngokulandelelanayo uxanduva lokuqinisekisa izimvo zabo. Ummangalelwa, omangalelwa, othe wabekwa esweni, unokuba noxanduva lokhuselo oluthile abaluphakamisayo. Umthwalo wobungqina unamacala amabini: umthwalo wemveliso [ [[FLT:]] (umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ubungqina obaneleyo bokuveza imveliso ]] (umsebenzi wokunikela ubungqina obaneleyo ukuze uqwalaselwe ngabagwebi) kunye nobungqina [FLT:] [FFF]] [5]

Ukukunceda ucinge: khawucingele isikali. Ummangalelwa ubeka ubungqina kwelinye icala. Ukuba isikali sithe thaa kancinci kwinkoliseko ye-paltiff, umthwalo uhlangatyezwa. Ukuba isikali sikwakwanjalo, okanye incam kummangalelwa, ummangalelwa uyaphelelwa. Lo mlinganiselo usezantsi ngesiquphe kunowo osetyenziswayo kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, apho ityala limele lingaqinisekiswa [[[FLT:]] ngaphandle kobuthandabuzano obusengqiqweni. Kutheni le mpikiswano? Imeko yamakhaya ibandakanya iimpikiswano ngemali, impahla, okanye amalungelo phakathi kwamaqela azimeleyo, apho iziphumo ezinzulu zinokulahlwa komntu ozimondlongondlongo.

Ukuqonda Umlinganiselo Wobungqina

Umgangatho ophambili wobalo usoloko uchazwa “ngokunokwenzeka kakhulu kuno-" okanye“>50%.” Kuthetha ukuba abachopheli-mthetho kufuneka bakholelwe ukuba uhlobo lweziganeko luyinyaniso kunezo zingenjalo. Olu asilovavanyo lwezibalo .Awufuni ulwahlulo lwamanani qha kodwa uhlalutyo olucacileyo lobungqina. Uzibuza: lusekelwe kubo bonke ubungqina obuthembekileyo, ingaba lutyekele kwinkoliselo ye-potlaff? Ukuba, i-partff idile umthwalo. Ukuba akunjalo, ummangalelwa kufuneka aphumelele.

Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko yengozi yemoto, ummangalelwa makabonise ukuba uqheleke kakhulu kunokokuba ummangalelwa ubaleka isibane esibomvu. Nangona kukho amathandabuzo, ingqina elibone ukukhanya ngokwahlukileyo, "umphandle" uyakwazi ukuphumelela ukuba, jikelele, ubungqina bubonisa impazamo yommangalelwa. Oku kwahlukile kumgangatho wesigebengu, apho nayiphi na into esengqiqweni ifuna ummangalelwa angabi natyala. Ijaji yamakhaya isoloko ilwa nale ngxaki, ingakumbi ukuba ibikhe yasebenza kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Isitshixo kukuthi: awupheli mcimbi okanye umsulwa; ugqiba ukuba icala linetyala elomeleleyo, nokuba ngaba umdanganiso lincinane.

Xa Umgangatho Ophakamileyo Ukho: Ubungqina Obucacileyo nobudidayo

Kwezinye iimeko zamakhaya, umthetho ufuna umthwalo owenziwe wangakumbi wobungqina obubizwa ngokucacileyo kunye nobugqwesileyo . Lo mlinganiselo ufuna okuninzi kunokokuba ungxamiseko kodwa unzima kakhulu kunokungathandabuzi okufanelekileyo. Usetyenziswa kwiimeko apho izilangazelelo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokufana namalungelo abazali, iintelekelelo zobuqhetseba, okanye iintlobo ezithile zozibophelelelo lwamakhaya, "asemgxoqweni" ukuba iziqinisekiso ziyinyaniso, zisekelwe kwi-edict, ecacileyo, nengxengekileyo.

Imizekelo yamatyala afuna ubungqina obucacileyo nobuneyisekileyo iquka:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Fraud – Ilishwa lokuba ummangalelwa waqhatha ngabom ummangalelwa.
  • Impembelelo engahambelaniyo – ivavanya uthanda ngezizathu apho umvavanyi wanyanzelwa.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukususwa kwamalungelo obuzali – ingqina ukuba umzali akafanelekanga.
  • [[Ukuzinikela:0] Imali enika – unyango lwempilo yengqondo oluzenzekelayo.

Ijaji izakuyalela ukuba umgangatho ocacileyo noweyisekayo uyasebenza. Kwimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka ukhangele ubungqina obunamandla kakhulu kunobo bunikelwa liqela eliphikisanayo. “Ecacileyo kwaye oyiselayo” ayithethi ukuqiniseka okupheleleyo, kodwa kusondele ngakumbi koko kunokudlula“ nakanye.” Ukuba unothandabuza, umchasi kufuneka aphumelele ukuba ubungqina bufikele kulo mqobo uphezulu kakhulu", kodwa amathandabuzo kufuneka anikwe amandla asengqiqweni obungqina.

Indlela Ummangalisi Abufumana Ngayo Ubungqina Bokufumanisa Ubunzima

Umsebenzi wakho kukuvavanya ubungqina obunikelwa ngamacala omabini. Ubungqina buvela ngeendlela ezininzi: ubungqina, amaxwebhu, imifanekiso, iimbono zengcali, iividiyo nezinto ezibonakalayo. Nazi izinto ezingundoqo ezimele ziqwalaselwe:

AmaNgqina Anokubonakala

Ngaba bayazi ukuba ingqina limele libaxoke okanye lizibaxele izinto? Cinga ngendlela elizijonga ngayo ingqina, ubuchule bokukhumbula iinkcukacha zalo, nayiphi na imbono ephosakeleyo. Ijaji isenokukuyalela ukuba uyakwazi ukwamkela konke, inxalenye, okanye ubungqina obungangqinelaniyo. Ukuba ubungqina obuyintloko buvela kwingqina olifumanileyo ukuba alithembekanga, mhlawumbi ummangali usenokuba akakhange ahlangabezane nomthwalo.

Ubungqina Obubhaliweyo Nobokwenyama

Amaxwebhu anjengezivumelwano, ii-imeyili, iirekhodi zezamayeza, neengxelo zamapolisa zisoloko zithembeke kakhulu kunenkumbulo. Hlola ukuba amaxwebhu ayinyaniso, agqityiwe, afanelekileyo na. Ubungqina obusemzimbeni obufana neenxenye ezaphukileyo okanye ukuchophela. Abachopheli-mthetho kufuneka bagqibe ukuba bungakanani ubunzima bokunikela ubungqina ngabunye. Ngokomzekelo, isivumelwano esityikityweyo sinokuba seyiseka ukuba isivumelwano sikho, kwanokuba elinye iqela lithe lathi lathi kwahlukile.

Ukungavisisani Nobungqina Obubalulekileyo

Abaqhubi bavunyelwa ukuzoba iingcaciso ezisengqiqweni kubungqina. Awufuni “umpu wokutshaya.” Kwimeko zabemi, izibakala ezininzi zingqinwa ngobungqina obukhoyo (Ngokomzekelo, izimpawu ezityibilikayo kwindlela zingabonisa imoto ukuba ibibaleka, nokuba akukho mntu uyibonileyo. Umthwalo wobungqina ungahlangatyezwa ngobungqina obubonisa i-modeli kuphela, logama nje i-gnifix ingqinelana kwaye ixhaswa yingxelo.

Ukuchazwa Kobunzima Bokuvelisa Nokweyisela

Inceda ukwahlula iinzima ezimbini ezidibeneyo ezenza wonke umthwalo wobungqina:

  • Iqela malivelise ubungqina obaneleyo obunokufunyanwa ngabachopheli-tyala abafanelekileyo. Ukuba iqela alibufumani ubungqina obaneleyo kwilungu elibalulekileyo, ijaji inganika intshukumo yesigqibo esijoliswe kulo, isuse loo mngeni kwijaji.
  • Iqela kufuneka liqinisekise ijaji ukuba uguqulelo lwalo lwezibakala lunyanisile. Oku koko ekugqibeleni ugqiba kuko ngexesha lokuqwalasela.

Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko yomonakalo wobuqu, ummangalelwa kufuneka kuqala avelise ubungqina bokuba ummangalelwa akahoywanga (umz., ubungqina bokuba ummangalelwa uhamba ngesibane esibomvu). Ukuba ummangalelwa akanikezi nto, ijaji ingalikhuphanga ityala ngaphambi kokuba lifike kuwe. Ukuba ummangalelwa unika ubungqina ubuncinane, umthwalo wemveliso utshintsha ummangalelwa ukuze aveze ubungqina bokuzithethelela kwabo .

Ukutshintsha - jika Nokuhlala Ezindaweni Ezithile

Njengoko kuphawuliwe, ummangalelwa usoloko ethwala umthwalo wokungqina into nganye yentengiso yabo. Noko ke, umthwalo ungatshintshela kummangalelwa kwiimeko ezithile. Umzekelo, ukuba ummangalelwa unyuse ] ukhuseleko oluqinisekisiweyo[ `njengomthetho wokusikelwa kwemiqathango, ukucinezelwa kwengozi, okanye ukugaxeka-defa kommangalelwa-kunga-kahka. Kwimeko ezinjalo, ummangalelwa uba “ummangalelwa ungummangalelwa. Kulo. Ijaji nganye mayikhumbule: inxenye nganye inomthwalo kwimiqathango yayo, okanye ukhuseleko.

Enye incam engundoqo: umthwalo awuze utshintshe kwingxaki epheleleyo yetyala [1] i-planttiff isoloko ithwala umthwalo wokugqibela wokubonisa imeko yabo. Ukuba ekugqibeleni ulungelelene, i-paxtiff iyalahleka. Oku kudla ngokushwankathelwa njengokuba “iqhina lisiya kummangalelwa.”

Imbono Eqhelekileyo Ephosakeleyo Ngobunzima Bobungqina

Abamangaleli badla ngokungena enkundleni bengena bengena bengenambono engachananga enokuchaphazela isigwebo sabo. Nazi iimbono ezintathu eziphosakeleyo eziqhelekileyo:

I- i-Miscwop 1: “Onke amacala kufuneka angqine imeko yawo. Hayi. Mngcungcuthekisi kuphela onoxanduva lokungqina iimfuno zabo. Ummangalelwa akafuneki ukungqina ukuba akanabunyani; kufuneka kuphela ancame ngokwaneleyo kubungqina bomchasi ukuze athintele isikali ekupheliseni. Kodwa, ukuba ummangalelwa uphakamisa ukuzikhusela, kufuneka angqine oko kukhuselo.

I-Miscwop 2]: “Uthandabuza ngokusengqiqweni kuyasebenza kwiimeko zabemi.” Le yintsomi eyingozi. Umlinganiselo wesigebengu ungaphezulu kakhulu. Amatyala abemi asebenzisa umgangatho osezantsi kuba izibonda zahlukile. Ukuba umgwebi ngempazamo usebenzisa umlinganiselo wesigebenga, bangafuna mpazamo ubungqina obungafunwayo, obukhokelela kwisigqibo esingalunganga se-pecttiff.

[[FLT: 0] I-Miscce 3: “Ukuba la macala omabini anikela ubungqina obulinganayo, ummangalelwa uphumelela ngokuzenzekelayo. ngenene, oko kulungile, kodwa kuphela kuba ummangali we-tractff engaphumeleli ukufikelela kumgangatho ophambili. Isitshixo kukuba umthwalo ukwi-pasttiff. Ubungqina obupheleleyo buthetha ukuba akukho preander, ngoko ummangalelwa ulahlekelwa. Oku akuthethi kuthi “u-i-intsi iya kummangalelwa” ulawulo ngengqiqo yemidlalo, kodwa umphumo osengqiqweni womntu othwala umthwalo.

Indima KaJury Ekusebenziseni Ubunzima Bobungqina

Indima yakho njenge jaji asikokuphulaphula nje ngokungakhathali. Usebenza ngokufumana inyani. Ijaji iza kukunika imiyalelo ecacileyo kumthwalo wobungqina obusebenzayo, kuquka umgangatho (ocacileyo noweyiselayo) kwaye liliphi iqela eliyithwalayo. Landela ezo miyalelo ngokuchanekileyo. Musa ukuthatha indawo yezimvo zakho ngoko kubonakala kulungile. Umthetho wenzelwe ukwenza intelekelelo nesakhiwo esiqhelekileyo.

Imiyalelo Ephathelele Umthwalo Wobungqina

Ekupheleni kwetyala, ijaji iza kufunda imiyalelo yabachopheli-tyala. Le iquka imiyalelo yemodeli echaza “ubungqina” kwaye ichaze indlela yokubusebenzisa. Uza kufumana umbhalo obhaliweyo wokuyithatha kwigumbi labachopheli-tyala. Funda ngenyameko umyalelo ngamnye. Ukuba unemibuzo ngexesha lokuqwalasela, ungabuza ijaji ukuba icace. Kungcono ukufuna ukucacisa kunokuqagela.

Inkqubo Yokwenza amadinga

Xa nisenza ingqwalasela, xubushani intelekelelo nganye, nigqibe ukuba umchasi-mthetho uphumelele kusini na. Sebenzisa ubungqina ukuxhasa iingxoxo zakho. Ziphephe iimvakalelo zobuqu ngamaqela. Gxininisa kwixabiso kunye nokuthembeka kobungqina. Khumbula ukuba umthwalo awufuni nto ingenakwenzeka phela. Kuphela kufuneka ukuba imfihlelo yomchasi-mthetho ibe yeyona inokuba yeyona nkcazelo inokwenzeka kakhulu. Ukuba ufumanise ukuba ummangalelwa uphumelele ukungqina into ebalulekileyo ngokomlinganiselo ofunekayo, ngoko isigqibo sakho simele sibe sesommangalelwa. Ukuba ufumene ummangalelwa uthelelwa uva udiwe ngumthwalo kuzo zonke izinto, ngoko isigqibo sakho kufuneka sibe sesokuba umbhali-popu.

Amacebiso Asebenzisekayo Kuzo Zokuvuthuza

  • Thatha amanqaku – iinkundla ezininzi zivumela abachopheli beejaji ukuba bathathe amaphetshana. Oku kukunceda ukhumbule izibakala ezingundoqo kunye nobungqina ngexesha lokuqwalasela.
  • nikela ingqalelo kwimiyalelo yomgwebi - Umthetho uchazwa kwimiyalelo. Musa ukuthembela koko ufunde kumabonwakude okanye kwimifanekiso eshukumayo.
  • Buza imibuzo [-Kezinye iinkundla, abagwebi bangathumela imibuzo ebhaliweyo ukuze ifumane amangqina. Ukuba ngaba ijaji yakho iyakuvumela, sebenzisa esi sixhobo ukucacisa ubungqina obucacileyo.
  • Khupha ngaphandle kophando - Ungakhangeli iinkcazelo okanye umthetho womzekelo wakho. Lonke ulwazi kufuneka luvele kwingxelo yokuvavanya.
  • vula iimbono zabanye – Inkululeko isebenza kakuhle xa wonke umntu ephulaphula kwaye eqwalasela kunye ubungqina. Ukutshintsha ingqondo yakho kwamkelekile ukuba ubungqina buyixhasa.

Isiphelo

Ukuqonda umthwalo wobungqina kubaluleke kakhulu kumsebenzi wakho njengomgwebi wesizwe. Iqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zisekelwe kumthetho nobungqina, hayi kubuchule okanye imvakalelo yokuqagela. Umgangatho ophambili ungabonakala ulula, kodwa ukuyisebenzisa kakuhle kwiinyaniso ezintsonkothileyo kufuna ukucingisiswa ngenyameko. Xa umgangatho ucacile kwaye weyisekile, uhlolo kufuneka lube nzulu ngakumbi. Ngokulandela imiyalelo yomgwebi, uvavanya ubungqina ngokungakhethi, nokugcina ingqondo ivulekile ngexesha lokuqwalasela, unceda ekusekeleni ingqibelelo yenkqubo yokulawula. Isigqibo sakho sisenza singqine siphi na eso sigqibo.

Ukufunda ngokubhekele phaya, ungajonga i- iCornell Incape yolwazi lwasemthethweni Icandelo loqwalaselo lomthwalo wobungqina, isikhokelo seMelika Bar Association kwintlanganiso yabachopheli-mthetho, okanye [[FLT]] i-Fudiary judary jubrary's juper or .