Umzabalazo wenkululeko yabemi kunye nobulungisa bentlalo-ntle ubengumxholo ophambili ukutyhubela imbali yoluntu. Ukusukela kwimimiselo yokuqala yamalungelo ukuya kwimibutho yale mihla eguqula indlela esiqonda ngayo ukulingana, icandelo lembali ligobe kubulungisa kuphela ngomgudu ozingisileyo. Imibutho ekhuthaza amalungelo amaqela aphantsi komgangatho ophantsi iphenjelelwe ngokusisiseko kwaye iphembelela umthetho wendalo. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iimbono ezingundoqo zembali kwinkululeko yabemi kunye nendaleko yemibutho yentlalo, ivavanya imigaqo-siseko yentlalo, iziganeko ezingundoqo, kunye neempembelelo ezihlala zihleli ziqhubeka zifundisa abantu ngezenzo zobugqwenga bomthetho.

Isiseko Senkululeko Yamakhaya

Ukuqonda inkululeko yabemi kufuna ukuxilonga iziseko zabo zembali. Le nkululeko ``inkululeko yokuthetha, yokuhlanganisa, yonqulo, nelungelo lokuqhuba inkqubo efunekayo'] isoloko ifakwe kumaxwebhu asemthethweni kwaye ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwebutho ledemokhrasi. Ingcamango yokuba abantu banamalungelo abo angenawo urhulumente angenakuwachasa ngokuthanda kwawo yingcamango yanamhlanje, eyavela kancinci kwiinkulungwane zenkqubela yezobupolitika neyentandabulumko.

Amaxwebhu asisiseko aquka iMagna Carta (1915), emisela umgaqo wokuba wonke umntu, kuquka nomlawuli, uphantsi komthetho; umGaqo-siseko waseUnited States kunye neSigqeba sawo samaLungelo (1787-1791), esifakelele imigaqo ekhethekileyo yokukhusela urhulumente ngokuphanga; kunye neSindululo somhlaba Wonke samaLungelo oluntu (1948), esichaza umgangatho wehlabathi lonke wesidima sabantu. ISindululo ngasinye sala maxwebhu simela inyathelo elibalulekileyo ekugqaleni amalungelo abantu nokubeka amandla karhulumente ngamanye. IMagna Carta yasungula ingcamango efanelekileyo yokugwetywa ngooontanga bayo, ngoxa uBill wamaLungelo ebala ukhuseleko lokuthetha, ushicilelo, unqulo, kunye nendibano esenziwe ehlabathini lonke. ISindululo sehlabathi lonke, samkela iziphumo zeMfazwe ngqungqungquthelaneyo-wonke, i-mali, i-mali, i-mali, i-enyela i-mali, i-embalelo-enyela kumalungelo omele i-mali, i-mali, i-enyelwa, kunye ne-

IQumrhu eliPhambili lezeNtlalo eliBalulekileyo

Imibutho yobulungisa bentlalo iye yavela ngenxa yokungalingani okumiselwe ngumthetho, inkcubeko, kunye nezoqoqosho. Le ntshukumo iye yafuna ukucombulula iingxaki ezifana nohlanga, ubufanasini, indlela yesondo, udidi, kunye nokukhubazeka. Eminye yezona ntshukumo zinempembelelo iquka i-Abololition Movement, i-Spointers of Women’s Suffrage, i-Civil Rights Movement, i-LGBTQ+ Commentumment, kunye neMbutho ye-Msebenzi.

Iqela Leengozi

Umbutho wokwahlukana kwezakhiwo kwinkulungwane ye-19 enenjongo yokuphelisa ubukhoboka eUnited States nakwamanye amazwe. Yayiyenye yemibutho yokuqala emikhulu yezentlalo elawulayo yokusebenzisa ukulungelelanisa abantu abaninzi, amaphulo okucela, kunye noluvo lokuziphatha njengezixhobo zezobupolitika. Amanani angundoqo aquka uFrederick Douglas, owayekade ekhotlel's, owayengumntu obengumkhonzi nowayeneengcwabo noncwadi, owathi wafuna ukuba ukuphathwa kakubi kwangoko; uHarriet Tubman, owabeka ubomi bakhe esichengeni ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze alawule abanye nge-Promparand Raultrand; noWilliam Lloy Garson, abanolwazi oluneyo iphephandaba abathi babhebhekziyo ngenkululeko engoko nangokobungaqondangawasemthethweni, yaye engakhange intengi ngezamvo yalek-yokungenelela kwimizango yezo yezopolitiki.

Intshukumo Ehamba Ngamabhinqa

Intshukumo yamabhinqa yazama ukukhusela ilungelo lokuvotela amabhinqa, ivavanya imigaqo engqongqo engokwasemthethweni nengokwentlalo eyasusa isiqingatha sabemi ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi. Iinkokeli ezinjengoSusan B. Anthony noElizabeth Cady Stanton badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni iindibano, ukunikela iintetho, kunye nokukhuthaza ulawulo lwemithetho-mthetho. ISivumelwano sikaSeneca Falls sango1848 sigqalwa ngokuba yindawo yokuqalisa kwentlola, apho Stanto yamisa khona isindululo soluvo lwe-Dintements, ukufuzisela ulwimi lwaso kwiSindululo sokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukuba "anke amadoda namabhinqa adalwa alinganayo". Umbutho wolwaphulo-mthetho ujongene neengxube-mthetho ezishushu kumacebo nakumgangatho wangaphakathi, kuquka nokuqalisa ukuqalisa kwe-mayelana kwe-19202020%, ukuphumelela kolawulo olubalaseleyo lwamabhinqa amhlophe, nangona uphumelele kakhulu, uninzi lwamaMelika, kunye neminyelaseMelika, uninzi lwemi, uphinda-10, uqhubekeka.

IQumrhu Lamalungelo Abemi

Intshukumo yamalungelo abantu yee-1950 kunye nee-1960 ejolise ekupheliseni ucalucalulo lobuhlanga kunye nocalucalulo kumaMerika. Mhlawumbi yeyona ntshukumo ibhaliweyo nefundwayo kwimbali yaseMelika, ephawulwa ngokuchasa okunezixhobo zokulwa nogonyamelo, ukuxambulisana okungokwasemthethweni, kunye nokuquququzelelwa kwabantu. Iziganeko ezingundoqo, ezifana noMatshi Washington 1963/a apho uGqr. Martin Luther King Jr. wanikela "UneDreaw" yakhe intetho ebhaliweyo nxamnye ne-omatilov, , ``````````Inobugraw''''''', kwaye i-Montony Bus Boncott (195519519566), ne-'), eyabangelwa kukungavumi yemithetho e-Rosalwayo, i-Chovers, eyaye yabala ingunda, ingulo lilo lilo lilo, ingulogosa, ingulogosa, ingu-onke, inguM.

IMbutho yamalungelo eLGBTQ+

ILGBTQ+ ibutho lamalungelo lilwele amalungelo alinganayo nokugqalwa kwabantu kungakhathaliseki imbonakalo yesini okanye ubufanasini. Iziganeko ze-Rovewall Riots ngo-1969.Nkqo yemiboniso ezenzekelayo elandelelanayo yamalungu eLGBTQ+ uluntu ekuphenduleni uhlaselo lwamapolisa kwiStollall Inn Ingen City/Catalyzz ekwisiXeko okanye isini esingokwasesini. Iziganeko ze-Rollawn zaguqula intshukumo encinane, ngokufuthi engaphantsi komhlaba yabangela utshintsho olubonakalayo, namandla anamandla. Umbutho uye waphumelela ubuchule obubalulekileyo, kuquka ukukhuselwa kobufana nobufana nobufana nobengobezo oluphezulu kwinkundla yeNkundla [FLT].[5] kunye nolwandiso , uninzi lwabantu abafumana ukhuthatho lwezo lwezo lwabiwo-mali.[5]

Iqela Labasebenzi

Umbutho wabasebenzi, ngelinye ixesha utyeshelwe kwiingxoxo zenkululeko yabemi, uye wafuneka ekulondolozeni amalungelo ezoqoqosho axhasa inkululeko yezobupolitika. Ukusuka kwiHaymarket Affair yowe-1986 ukuya kusekwa kweAmerican Federation of Labor kunye neKhomishini yeeNtlangano Zezezengqele, abasebenzi abalungelelaniswe ukufuna umvuzo ofanelekileyo, iimeko zokusebenza, iiyure ezifanelekileyo, kunye nelungelo lokusebenzisa intsebenzi ngokwesivumelwano semali. Umbutho womsebenzi waphumelela ukhuseleko lweziko lesizwe lwe-National Labortyreation Act ka-1935 (uMthetho we-Wagner), iMithetho yeMithetho yeSebe yezeNtlalo ka-1970, eyamisela intlawulo oluncinane noMsebenzi ohlawula ixesha elingephindileyo, kunye noMthetho we-Occomputer Secutmental nower. Ezi zinto zazingezo zoqoqo zezoqoqosho kuphela zowemali zowe-1970.

Indima Yomthetho Kwinkululeko Yamakhaya

Umthetho uphumeza indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni inkululeko yabemi ngokuguqula amalungelo angekho mthethweni abe yimithetho esemthethweni. Imithetho engundoqo iquka uMthetho wamaLungelo oMsebenzi wama-1994, owavala ucalucalulo kwizindlu zikawonke wonke, umsebenzi, kunye neenkqubo ezixhaswa ngurhulumente; iVoting Rights Act ka 1965, eyalela ucalucalulo lobuhlanga ekuvoteni, eyathi ifune ulawulo lwezwe olulawulayo olunemiqathango yokucinezelela; kwaye iMelika yaseMerika enengxaki yokungalungelelaniswa nokungalungelelaniswa kwemiqathango yowe-199099, eyayalela ukucaluswa kwabantu abaneziphenelo, kuquka imisebenzi, izikolo, izikolo, kunye neendawo ezizimeleyo ezivulekileyo ezivulelweyo. Le mithetho yayisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo yimithetho ekwakukhuthaza ukuphembelela imigaqo-mthetho yemithetho-mthetho egunyazwe ngokubanziswa yi-Athone. [R.4]

Omnye umthetho obalulekileyo uquka iSair Houses Act yowe-1968, eyalela ucalucalulo kwizindlu; iSihlomelo seSihlaziyo semfundo sowe-1971, esasithintela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwinkqubo yemfundo efumana inkxaso-mali karhulumente; kunye noMatthew Shepard noJames Byrd Jr. Veta ICrimes Prevention Act ka-2009, eyandisa imithetho yentiyo yezolwaphulo-mthetho lwaseburhulumenteni equka ulwaphulo-mthetho oluqhutywa bubudodaba okanye olucingelwayo, imbonakalo yesini, ubufana, okanye ubulwelwesi.

Iingxaki Zangoku Ekubeni Abantu Bekhululekile

Namhlanje, inkululeko yamakhaya iyaqhubeka icelw'ucelomngeni kwiimeko ezintsha nezigqwethekileyo. Iingxoxo ezifana nokujongwa kwamapolisa ngurhulumente kodwa ziqashelwe yinkundla yenkundla. Iingxoxo zokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngexesha lamanani, amalungelo okufuduka, nokuvota ziphambili kwiingxoxo zale mihla. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kobugcisa bokuhlola ulawulo ngamasebe karhulumente kuphakamisa amaxhala anzulu nelungelo lokuzimela, inkululeko engachazwanga ngokucacileyo kwinkqubo yoMgaqo-siseko kodwa eqashelwe ixesha elide ziinkundla. Ukuphikisana ngenkululeko yokuthetha ngokukhululekile kumacandelo entlalo-ntle, ukuququzelela umlinganiselo, kunye nokusasazeka kwe-transportingsment kwimisko yoMphethombo wokuqala. Immigracrain ijongene ityala elinzima, ukugxotha inzala eqinileyo.

I-NAACP Ecclific Lempire and Educational Fund, iSiko loLuntu loLuntu lisebenza ngokungakhathali ukucombulula le mingeni nokuxhasa okusesikweni. Amaqela anjenge-American Civil Libersion Union ([FLT: 0]] ACLU), iNaACP Legal Defence and Educational Fund, iSiko lobuhlwempu, kunye neSiko samaLungelo loLuntu sibandakanye ekuhlaseleni, ukukhuthaza, ukukhuthaza, kunye nemfundo kawonke-wonke ukukhusela inkululeko yabemi. Unyuko lwamanani lwaseNtshona Kolo nyaka luye lwadala izixhobo ezintsha zokulungiselela nokunyusa amazwi aculisiweyo, nangona lukwazisa imingeni yokuchola, ukuhlasela, ukuphathana, nokuxoka. Umzabala-ntle. Imfazwe yenkululeko yoluntu ayizange iphele; isizukulwana ngasinye kufuneka iqinisekise kwaye ikhuselwe amalungelo alungele ukukhuselwa.

Ukubaluleka Kwemfundo Ekugwebeni Kwentlalo

Imfundo inendima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ubulungisa bentlalo nokukhuthaza inkqubela yemibutho yenkululeko yabemi. Ngokufundisa imbali nokuphaphamisa ukulwa kwemilo yokulingana, abaqeqeshi banokunika abafundi amandla okuqonda imvelaphi yokungalungisi kwangoku nokuzibophelela ekunikezeleni utshintsho. Iindlela ezingundoqo ziquka ukudibanisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo kwizifundo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amava kunye negalelo lengingqi elungelelwano enkululeko yasekuhlaleni aziphathwa njengenkcazelo yenkcazelo yentsingiselo kodwa zingowona uphambili kwibali lamaMelika; ukukhuthaza ukucingelana nokuxubusha ngemibandela entsonkothile yegunya, ubungangamfa, kunye nokungalingani; kunye nokukhuthaza ukugana nokusebenza koluntu ngokufunda imisebenzi, ukuvota, ukukhuthaza ukuvota, kunye namathuba okuba abafundi abanxibelelana nabaququququzeli-nkqubo.

Imfundo ikwaquka ukufundisa ubuchule bokuthabatha inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi: indlela yokubhalela amagosa anyuliweyo, indlela yokulungiselela intlanganiso, indlela yokuthetha esidlangalaleni, indlela yokuvavanya imithombo yolwazi olunzulu. Izikolo neeyunivesithi zinembopheleleko yokungadluliseli nje kuphela ulwazi kodwa nokuhlakulela imikhwa yentliziyo nengqiqo exhasa ulawulo-demokhrasi olusempilweni. Xa abafundi befunda ngenkalipho yabaxhasi bamalungelo abantu, ubuchule bokusebenza, okanye ukukhuthalela amabhinqa ukuba abhalise, bayazijonga njengenxalenye yebali eliqhubekayo lemigudu nenkqubela. Baqonda ukuba iinguqulelo yentlalo ayiyo kuphela eyenzeka kwiincwadi zembali kodwa banokuba nenxaxheba ekulungiseni.

Ngaphezu koko, imfundo kufuneka ifikeleleke kubo bonke. Umlo wemali yesikolo elinganayo, ukuphela kombhobho wesikolo ukuya kwintolongo, kunye nokhuseleko lomfundi okhululekileyo nomalungelo obuqu yimiba yenkululeko yabemi. Iintlangano ezifana nokufundisa ukuvalelana (ngoku kweJaji) kunye neZinn Education Project inika abafundisi-mfundo abafuna ukufundisa inguqulelo epheleleyo nenyanisekileyo yembali. Ngemfundo, izizukulwana ezizayo zinokuqhubeka zilwela inkululeko yoluntu kunye nokusesikweni koluntu kunye [iFLT] neZinn Education Projective [[FLT] Projects] inxalenye yesithethe eside.

Isiphelo

Imbono yembali ngenkululeko yabemi kunye nemibutho elawula intlalo-ntle ityhila umzabalazo oqhubekayo, ongagqitywanga wokulingana namalungelo abantu. Ukuqonda le mbali kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni ibutho labantu elinobulungisa apho wonke umntu anokuphumelela khona. Ibali lenkululeko yabemi aliyokuqhubekeka komgca ukusuka kwingcinezelo ukuya kwinkululeko kodwa lungcelele lweemfazwe ezinzima, izithintelo, kunye noloyiso olufuna ukuhlala uphaphile ukuze ukhusele kwaye wandise. Umbutho ngamnye owakhelwe kokugqibileyo, ukuboleka, ukufunda kwiimpazamo, nokutyhalela imida yento abantu ababecinga ukuba inokwenzeka.

Njengoko sijamelene neengxaki zanamhlanje ngezantsi, ukukhukuliseka kwemilinganiselo yedemokhrasi, ukuqhubekeka kokungalingani kobuhlanga kunye nezoqoqosho, kunye nezisongelo ezintsha ezibangelwa bubugcisa `thi sifumana amandla nobulumko kwimibutho ephambi kwethu. Abaphelisi, amabhanki, abasebenzi bamalungelo abantu, iLGBTQ+ abaxhasi bezoburhulumente, kunye nabaququzeleli bemisebenzi basikhumbuza ukuba abantu abaqhelekileyo bangenza utshintsho olungaqhelekanga xa belungiselela, benyanzelela, befuna okusesikweni. Ikamva lenkululeko yabemi lixhomekeke ekuzimiseleni kwethu ukukuqhelisela okukhoyo. Inginginyathela yembali ayikuvumelani ukuqhuba okusesikweni kwayo; kufuneka ukuba kukhutshwe izandla.

Ukuphinda ufunde, Ugcino-lwazi lobuzwe lunika ukufikelela kumaxwebhu asisiseko edemokhrasi yaseMelika, ngelixa iUnited Nations Rights Office [ inika umbhalo opheleleyo nembali yeSindululo somhlaba wonke samalungelo abantu. [[FLT:]] Library of Congregation Rights History Project igcina imicimbi yangaphakathi yabo baphila ngentshukumo, iqinisekisa ukuba amabali abo ahlala ekho ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo.