Ukuqonda Imeko Entle Esemthethweni Yabaqeshwa Abakhulileyo

Abasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu bamela iqela elibalulekileyo nelikhulayo lomkhosi wabasebenzi. Nangona kumashumi eminyaka engokwahlukana nocalucalulo, ucalucalulo lobudala luhlala luyinto eqhubekayo, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuphelisa nokuphelisa ingxoxo. Abasebenzi abadala badla ngokuzisa amava axabisekileyo nolwazi olungokweziko, kodwa bangajamelana nobuchule obungaqondakaliyo (okanye ukucinezelwa okungaphaya komsebenzi ngaphambi kwexesha. Kulo mazwe akwi-United States kuphela, i-Dramamental Divation in Mobect (ADEA) iye yaba yindawo ephambili yokhuseleko lorhulumente ukususela ngo1967, kodwa amawaka ebudala beminyaka ephantsi komsebenzi (EOC) egcina izityholo ezikhoyo (e) ngonyaka ngamnye. Ukuqonda amalungelo asemthethweni akuyo nje akuyomfuneko ukuthotyelwa, ukukhuselwa, ukukhutshwa kwengeniso, ukurhola, nokuziselwa komntu ngamnye ngexesha lobuqu ngexesha lotshintsho.

Ukukhuselwa Kokuqala Okusemthethweni Kwabasebenzi Abakhulileyo

Imithetho eUnited States nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi imisela isiseko sobulungisa kwabasebenzi abakwiminyaka ethile. Le migaqo ibandakanya ukuqeshwa, ukunyuselwa, imbuyiselo, intlawulo, kunye nokonakalisa okubalulekileyo. Umgaqo osisiseko ngowokuba ubudala bodwa akufunekanga bube sisizathu sokwenza umsebenzi onzima.

Inkcaso yexesha ekwiMgaqo-nkqubo woMsebenzi (ADEA)

I-ADEA iyabalela abaqeshi abanama-20 okanye ngaphezulu ukuba bangathathi nxaxheba kubantu abaneminyaka engama-40 okanye ngaphezulu kulo naluphi na uhlobo lomsebenzi, kuquka ukudubula, ukugxotha, nokuhlawula. Umthetho usebenza kubaqeshi abazimeleyo, oorhulumente, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni, abaqeshi bemisebenzi, kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, i-ADEA ayigubungeli nje kuphela ucalucalucalulo (ukungakhathaleli) kodwa kwanemigaqo enegalelo elibi ngokungenakulinganiswa nanto kubasebenzi abadala (iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga), kwanokuba babonakala bengathathi calamene nobuso ngaphandle. Umzekelo, inkqubo echaphazelekayo ehlasela abasebenzi abahlawulwa ngemivuzo ephezulu kakhulu, abanokusoloko benokucelwcinywa phantsi kwengcamango yokungalungisi.

Imithetho Yamazwe Neyasekuhlaleni Engokwabantu Beminyaka

Amaphondo amaninzi noomasipala banemithetho yabo elwa nolwaphulo-mthetho ekwandiseni ukhuseleko olubanzi kune-ADEA. Amanye amazwe, njengeKhalifoniya, iNew York, kunye neFlorida, agquma abaqeshi abancinane okanye akhusela ngokucacileyo ekucalucalulweni ngokweengenelo zobudala. Amanye awawavumeli ngokupheleleyo amaqondo okuhlala umhlala-phantsi komhlala-phantsi, ngaphandle kweendawo ezithile zokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke. Abaqeshwa abadala kufuneka baqaphele ukuba imithetho yorhulumente inganikela amayeza awongezelelekileyo, njengelahleko yokukhupha ipesenti kunye neziphumo zemali, ezingafumaneki phantsi kwe-ADEA.

Ukhuseleko Lwamazwe Ngamazwe Lwabaqeshwa Abakhulileyo

Abasebenzi abangaphandle kwe-United States bayangenelwa kwimimiselo efanayo. KuManyano woMthetho we-United States, umThetho weMali wama-2010 uthintela ucalucalulo lobudala ekusebenzeni. UmThetho waMalungelo oLuntu kunye nemithetho yamaphondo eKhanada ikhusela abasebenzi abakhulileyo, kwaye i-Ofising Equality ifuna ukuba onke amalungu esizwe amisele imithetho yocalucalucalulo lobudala. Le mithetho iyahluka ngokwemilinganiselo kunye nokunyanzelisa, kodwa umxholo oqhelekileyo ngowokuba ubudala abunakusekwa ngokusemthethweni okanye isiseko sokwasemthethweni.

Amalungelo Okuphelisa Imfazwe: Oko Wonke Umqeshwa Okhulileyo Afanele Akwazi

Ngoxa amazwe amaninzi elandela iimfundiso zemisebenzi, ukukhusela okusemthethweni ekucalucalulweni kobudala kubangela umahluko obalulekileyo. Umqeshi akanakudubula umqeshi okhulileyo ngenxa yokujongwa njengomntu oqhelekileyo oneminyaka eli-8. Ngokufana noqikelelo lokuncitshiswa kwemveliso, ukungakwazi ukufunda ubuchule obutsha, okanye iindleko zezonyango. Amalungelo okusebenza aquka nokusesikweni nokuzikhusela ekuziphindezeleni.

Ukuphelisa Impilo Nokukhula Okuphosakeleyo

Ilishwa eliphosakeleyo libakho xa umqeshi edubula umqeshi ngesizathu esingekho mthethweni. Kubasebenzi abadala, eso sizathu singekho mthethweni sidla ngokukhula. Noko ke, ukubonakalisa ukupheliswa okusekelwe kubudala kunokuba lucelomngeni kuba abaqeshi abasoloko beyivuma injongo yokukhupha umthetho. Iinkundla zikhangela ubungqina obudibeneyo, obufana namagqabaza amalunga nobudala (“umdala kakhulu ngenxa yale ndima”), ukuchasana kwamanani kwababe bakhululwayo, okanye ukuphambuka kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zokuphelisa ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuba umqeshwa oselula onemibandela efanayo uyagxothwa xa ulutsha lugxothiwe, okokuba ukucalulaza kontanga omdala, okokuba ukucalucalucalulo.

Ipesenti enika iziqabu

Maxa wambi abaqeshi abamthumeli abamthumeli abamcimi ngokungqalileyo umqeshwa okhulileyo kodwa bamenze ukuba anganyamezeleki ngokokude umqeshwa azive enyanzelekile ukuba arhoxe. Oku kwaziwa njengokurhoxa okunika ingxenge-enkathalo. Ukuba umqeshi unciphisa iimbopheleleko, unciphisa iiyure, uphinda afake umqeshwa kwimisebenzi engathandekiyo, okanye umisela iimeko ezihlazisayo ngenxa yobudala, umqeshwa usenokuba nesigqibo esisemthethweni. Umgangatho uphezulu: iimeko zokusebenza kufuneka zingabi nakunganyamezeleki, hayi nje.

Ukunciphisa kuMkhosi (RF) kunye

Unyuso olusetyenziswayo luxhaphakile ekuwohlokeni kwezoqoqosho. Abaqeshi banobuchule obanzi bokukhetha ukuba ziziphi iindawo ezimele zipheliswe, kodwa imilinganiselo yokukhetha kufuneka ibe yeyangoku-nee-awurali. Ukuba i-RIF ichaphazela abasebenzi abadala ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto, umqeshi unokuba noxanduva lokungalungi kweziphumo. Abaqeshi abachuli abasebenzisa iinjongo ezifana ne-metrics, ukhetho olusekelwe kumgangatho ophezulu, okanye ukuthenga ngentliziyo yokuzithandela iimpahla .

Ukhuseleko lokubuyiselwa

Abaqeshwa abakhalazela ucalucalulo lobudala, abatyhola umbutho karhulumente, okanye abathathi-nxaxheba ekuphandeni bayakhuselwa kwimpindezelo. Ukuba umqeshwa okhulileyo ugxothiwe kamsinya emva kokuphakamisa inkxalabo yocalulo, ukuba ukuziphindezela kunokubangela ityala elizimeleyo elisemthethweni, ngokufuthi elinonyango olungakumbi. Ingxelo yokubuyiselwa kwakhona iphakathi kwezotyholo ezisoloko zibekwa kwiEEOC.

Ukuzingisa: Ukunyamekelana ngokusemthethweni

Impahla zokuphatha azifunwa ngumthetho wesizwe eUnited States, kodwa xa zinikezelwa, kufuneka zithobele imithetho yocalulo lobudala. I-Oldmist Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA) yalungisa i-ADEA ukumisela iimfuno ezingqongqo zezivumelwano zokwahlukana kunye nezithinteli. Ukuqonda le mithetho kungathetha umahluko phakathi kwemali ehlawulwayo namalungelo agciniweyo.

Abasebenzi Abakhulileyo Bafumana Iingenelo Zokhuseleko (OWBPA)

Ukuba umqeshi ucela ukuba umqeshi wakhe atyikitye umenzi wecalucalulo okhulileyo othabatha izithuba zobudala, i-OWBPA imisela iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umqeshi uyamazi kwaye uyamfumana ngokuzithandela. Iimfuno ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • [[UMTL:0] Lucacile kwaye luqondakale ulwimi: Isivumelwano kufuneka sibhalwe ngesiNgesi esicacileyo (okanye ulwimi oluphambili lomqeshwa) kunye namalungelo abhekisa ngqo kuADEA.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ixesha lokuqwalasela: Umqeshwa kufuneka anikwe ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-21 ukuqwalasela isivumelwano (ientsuku ezi-45 ukuba liqela lenkqubo yokuphuma kwesicelo).
  • Ixesha lokukhupha ityala: Emva kokutyikitya, umqeshwa uneentsuku ezisixhenxe zokuphelisa isivumelwano.
  • Izifuno ezifunekayo kwiqela elilahliweyo: Kwiqela elitshayelwayo, umqeshi kufuneka anikezele ngolwazi malunga nemixholo yomsebenzi kunye nexesha labaqeshwa ababekhethelwe ukuphelisa kunye nabo babengenjalo, ngoko umqeshwa omdala angavavanya ukuba ucalulo lwenzekile kusini na.

Lo mthetho usisisixhobo esinamandla kubaqeshwa abakhulileyo. Nasiphi na isixa esingeyonto esihambelani ne-OWBPA asisebenzi, ithetha ukuba umqeshwa usengaqhubeka efuna ukumangalelwa ngokucalucalucalulo kwanasemva kokuba efumene intlawulo ehlawulweyo.

Iingenelo Nenkcaso Yasebuthweni

Ukunyanzeleka kusenokuquka ukuqhubekeka kwe-inshorensi yempilo, iminikelo yokufumana umhlala-phantsi, okanye iinkonzo zokuthatha umhlala-phantsi. I-Musestere Infeed Infied Security Act (ERISA) ilawula izicwangciso ezininzi ezinika abaqeshi abaqeshi abampontshweyo, kuquka nezicwangciso zokwahlukana. Abaqeshwa kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iingenelo ezithenjisiweyo zihlawulwa ngokwenene kwaye ukuceba amaxwebhu kuyavumelana noko kunikelweyo. Kwezinye iimeko, abaqeshwa abadala banokunikwa ilungelo lokufumana ingeniso ekhethekileyo phantsi kwe-COBRA (iCancebrificity Convity Revition Actal Act (ety inqanaba elizingangeengamaXendo) ukuze baqhubeke nokunikezelwa kwe-18 yeenyanga (okanye ixesha elide).

Ukukhuthaza Ukusebenza Njengomsebenzi Okhulileyo

Abaqeshwa abakhulileyo basoloko besebenzisa izicelo zocalucalulo kunokuba becinga. Izinto ezifana nobude benkonzo, ulwazi olukhethekileyo, kunye nokuchanabeka okusemthethweni komqeshi kunokuzithethelela intlawulo ephezulu okanye iingenelo ezithe kratya. Kububulumko ukuxoxa ngolu hlobo:

  • Iintlawulo
  • Imali ye-inshorensi yempilo ehlawulelwayo ngexesha le-COBRA
  • Ukunyusa ukhawuleziso lwezinto ezinokukhethwa kwi-stock okanye iminikelo yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi
  • Inkxaso eqhubekayo
  • Isivumelwano sobundilele okanye ileta encomelayo

Kuba uqhawulo lusisivumelwano, yonke into iyavumelana de isivumelwano sityikitywe. Abaqeshi abaninzi balindele ukuba omnye umqeshi abuyele emva, ingakumbi xa umqeshwa eneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 yaye ebenenkampani kangangeminyaka elishumi nangaphezulu.

Ukuphinda-phinda Okusemthethweni: Iindlela Zokukhetha Xa Amalungelo Ephulwa

Xa umqeshwa okhulileyo erhanela ukuba ucalucalulo lobudala luphembelela ukupheliswa okanye imibandela yokuphelisa idinga, kungxamisekile ukuthabatha inyathelo. Umthetho unika iindlela eziliqela zokulungisa, kodwa ixesha elingqongqo elimiselweyo lisebenza.

Ukumangalelwa Ne-EEOC okanye i-Arhente yeSizwe

EUnited States, isityholo socalulo kufuneka sifakwe nge-EOC ngeentsuku ezili-180 zesenzo sokukhupha umthetho (okanye iintsuku ezingama-300 ukuba urhulumente okanye umthetho wasekuhlaleni uyasebenza). IEEOC iphengulula ityala, ii-media, kwaye ingakhupha ileta elungileyo ukuya kwi-EOC evumela umqeshwa ukuba adlulise ityala lasese. Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokuphanda ithatha iinyanga, abaqeshwa abaninzi badlulela kwinkundla yenkundla emva kokuba befumene isaziso sasekunene sokufikelela kubuntu. Akukho lumangaliso phantsi kwe-ADEA lungathunyelwa ngaphandle konyango lokuqala olukhathazayo lolawulo oluphuma kwi-EOC.

Imithetho Yabucala Nezicombululo

Ukuba umqeshwa uphumelele ekumangalelweni ngokucalucalulwe ngeminyaka, amayeza angaquka ukubuyiselwa kwemali, intlawulo engaphambili (ingeniso elahlekileyo), umonakalo ohlawulwe kabini (umvuzo ohlawulweyo ukuba ukophulwa komthetho kunguwabo ngabom), kunye neemali zamagqwetha. Ngokungafaniyo neSihlo se-VII, i-ADEA ayivumi ukuba i-oda okanye ityala lokulungisa ityala, kodwa imithetho karhulumente ingabanika intlawulo. Ukumangalelana kweklasi kunokwenzeka xa inkqubo yenkampani ijolise abasebenzi abadala, njengakwindawo eqeshiweyo.

Izivumelwano Zokuphelisa Nokusebenzisana

Izivumelwano ezininzi zokwahlulwa kwemisebenzi ngoku ziquka imilinganiselo enyanzelisayo yokuphelisa ingxabano efuna abaqeshwa ukuba bacombulule iimpikiswano ngaphandle kwenkundla. Ngoxa uMthetho we-Federal Arbitration usoloko unyanzelisa izivakalisi ezinjalo, ukufaneleka kwabenzi be-ADEA ekuhlawulweni kuphantsi kwemigangatho efanayo ye-OWBPA ukuba umqeshi uyinxalenye yesivumelwano sokwahlukana. Abaqeshwa kufuneka bahlolisise ngenyameko nasiphi na isivakalisi solwano kwisivumelwano sabo somsebenzi okanye kuxwebhu lwangaphambili. Ezinye izivumelwano zokwamkeli-mthetho ziluchase ngaphandle kocalulo lobudalanelo lobudala beminyaka, okanye iinkundla ziye zafumanisa zingagunyaziswa ukuba azifuni semthethweni.

IMibutho yeNkxaso

Abaqeshwa abadala akuyomfuneko ukuba basebenzise le miba kuphela. [[FLT: 0] Iphepha le-EOC le-Age Creast linikela ukhokelo olusemthethweni kunye neefomu zokufaka ityala. Iintlangano ezingafaki ngeniso ezifana AARP 's arective's/AUmthetho wobugcisa [[FLT:]]] inikela ubuncwane kwaye inxulumanisa abantu namagqwetha akhethekileyo kumthetho womsebenzi wabadala. Kulo United Kingdom, [[FLT: 4.] izicwangciso ze-ARGP] zinika ukhokelo kubudalalphane beminyaka esebenzayo., uninzi lwemibutho yezomthetho lubhekisa kuluhlu lwemisebenzi eqeshiweyo nabasemagunye abaqeshini abasebenzi.

Izenzo Ezilungileyo Zokuba Abaqeshi Baphephe Ukukhohliswa

Abaqeshi abafuna ukuphatha abasebenzi abadala kakuhle ngoxa benciphisa umngcipheko osemthethweni kufuneka basebenzise imigaqo ecacileyo, engoondilele kunye nabaphathi-nkqubo boqeqesho abajongene nokungalingani. Ezi nkqubo zilandelayo zinceda ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela:

  • Ukubekwa kwezithuba zobudala obufihlakeleyo: Sebenzisa iinjongo ezifana nereyithingi yomsebenzi, iirekhodi zoluleko, okanye ukuphakama (xa unyuko lungasetyenziswa njengekhompyutha esebenza njengomqobo wocalulo lobudala).
  • Ulungiso lweshishini loxwebhu: Nasiphi na isigqibo sokuphelisa kufuneka sixhaswe sisizathu esisemthethweni, esingagwebiyo esibhalwe ngokubhaliweyo phambi kokuba isigqibo sigqibe.
  • Iziphumo zeziphumo kumaqela obudala obukhuseli: Phambi kokuqhuba unciphiso kumandla, qhuba uhlalutyo lwezibalo ukuze ubone ukuba amaqondo okukhetha abasebenzi abangaphezulu kwama-40 aphezulu ngokungenakulinganiswa.
  • Ifola iinkqubo zokuzithandela zokuthenga ngokulinganayo: xa unika izikhuthazo zomhlala-phantsi kwangoko, qinisekisa ukuba ngokwenene bazimisele ngenene kwaye abaqeshwa banenkcazelo nexesha elaneleyo lokwenza izigqibo zolwazi.
  • Ngokungqongqo ne OWBPA: Nakwesiphi na isivumelwano sokuba i-ADEA amalungelo afunekayo, inikezela ngexesha lokuqwalasela elifunekayo 21/45 yosuku, ixesha lokutshintsha kosuku lwesixhenxe, kunye nexesha elinenkcukacha kunye nesihloko somsebenzi sokutyhila ukuphuma kweqela.

Ukuthobela okusebenzayo akunciphisi nje kuphela ubungozi bokukhuphiswano kodwa kukhuthaza nempucuko yomsebenzi exabisayo namava kunye nokusetyenziswa. Amaqela ahlukeneyo adla ngokudlula amaqela asebenza ngeminyaka akhuphisanayo, kwaye ukukhusela abasebenzi abadala kusenokuba luncedo olukhuphiswano.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Kubaqeshwa Abakhulileyo Abajamelene Nexesha Lokunqulwa

Ukuba ungumqeshwa okhulileyo oxelelwe ukuba ukuma kwakho kuyapheliswa okanye uyayekwa, ukuthabatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo kunokukhusela intlalontle yakho engokwasemthethweni nemali.

Phendla InjiniName

Gcina ingxelo yencoko, iimpinda zomsebenzi, ii-imeyili, kunye nawaphi na amagqabaza athethwayo ngeminyaka yakho, amalungiselelo omhlala-phantsi, okanye umvuzo wakho. Ukuba umphathi uthethe “ngokulilungele igazi elitsha” okanye“ ukuba nethuba letalente eselincinci,” ezi zingabubungqina obubalulekileyo. Kwakhona bhala indlela abanye abasebenzi abasebenza kwimisebenzi efanayo nabangenamava afanayo abaphathwa ngayo ngokwahlukileyo.

Musa Ukutyikitya Ngoko nangoko

Abaqeshi badla ngokunikela izivumelwano zokophula ixesha elifutshane, kodwa unelungelo lokuthatha ixesha elinikiweyo ngumthetho. Nokuba isivumelwano asiyikhankanyi ngokucacileyo i-OWBPA, ukuba ungaphezu kwama-40 kwaye ucelwa ukuba uthenge iminyaka elishumi elinesine, umthetho uthetha ixesha elingaphantsi kweentsuku ezingama-21 zokuhlola. Sebenzisa elo xesha ukubuza igqwetha elinolwazi olungokwasemthethweni wemisebenzi.

Jonga Kwimithetho Yomsebenzi

Igqwetha elinamava lingasihlola isivumelwano sokwahlukana, licebisa enoba iimfuno ze-OWBPA ziye zaphunyezwa, kwaye lithethana bhetele. Amagqwetha amaninzi anika izicelo zomsebenzi ezibonisa ukukhangelwa kwasekuqaleni ngesisa. Ukuba awunamali yegqwetha, iikliniki zoncedo olusemthethweni okanye isebe elisebenzisa iinkonzo zoncedo lomthetho linokunceda. Kwezinye iimeko, amagqwetha anokuthatha amatyala okwaluphala ngokwesibonelelo semali.

Negotiate, Musa Ukusuka Wamkele

Nokuba uceba ukutyikitya umenzi wetyala uze uqhubeke, kudla ngokufuneka ucele uphuculo. Ungacela ixesha elide, indawo engaphandle, okanye isebe elikhuthazayo. Abaqeshi basoloko bekulungele ukwandisa intlawulo yoxanduva okanye ukunikezela ngeengenelo ezongezelelekileyo zokuphepha ubungozi bokumangalelwa, ingakumbi ukuba bayaqonda ukuba umqeshwa uye wadibana negqwetha.

Yazi Irhafu

Irhafu yemali ehlawulwayo idla ngokuhlawulwa njengengeniso eqhelekileyo. Noko ke, ukuba inxalenye yemali inikwa umhlawuli werhafu ethile, isenokufuneka ihlawule irhafu ehlawulwayo. Abanye abaqeshwa basenokufuna ukucela ukuba intlawulo ifakwe njengeminikelo kwi-akhawunti yomhlala-phantsi okanye njengemali enikwa intlawulo ehlawulweyo. Ukujongana nogqirha werhafu okanye umxhasi wezemali kucetyiswa ngaphambi kokuba kugqibelelwe nasiphi isivumelwano.

Isiphelo: Ukukhusela Isidima Namalungelo Abantu Ngabo Bonke Ubudala

Amalungelo asemthethweni abaqeshwa abakhulileyo ekuphelisweni nasekuphathweni kweemeko anzima kodwa afuna ukunyanzeliswa. Imithetho yocalulo lobudala njenge-ADEA kunye ne-OWBPA inikela ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo, kodwa kuphela inceda abo bawaziyo amalungelo abo kwaye bawaqinisekisile. Ukuba ngaba ungumqeshwa ojongene nokudityaniswa okanye umqeshi ojongene nokuncitshiswa kwemithetho, ukuqonda le migaqo kukhuthaza okusesikweni kwaye kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwexabiso eliziindleko. Abasebenzi abadala abanolwazi olufanelekileyo bayakwazi ukuqhuba ezi nguqulelo ngentembelo, bakhusela imisebenzi yabo kwaye baqinisekisa ukuba iminyaka yabo yeminikelo ihlonelwa, hayi ngokwexabiso.

Ukuphinda ufunde, umbhalo opheleleyo we ADEA ukhona kwi EEOC. Isebe le COBRA isiqinisekiso seCortature ichaza amalungelo empilo. Kwaye [[FLT:] AAAARP Uncedo lwasemthethweni iphepha[ linika ukhokelo lokufumana igqwetha. Sonke ufune icebiso lomthetho elingokwabela imeko yakho ethile.