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Ukwazisa ucalucalulo lweminyaka kuMthetho we-OMS (ADEA)

IAge Discinment in Working Act (ADEA) ingomnye wezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokhuseleko zikarhulumente kubasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu. Yagunyaziswa ngo1967, umthetho wenzelwe ukulwa nemiqobo esekelwe ngokweeminyaka yobudala emsebenzini nokukhuthaza ukuqeshwa kwabasebenzi abadala ngokusekelwe kubuchule babo kunokuba kunyaka wabo wokuzalwa. I-ADE isebenza kubaqeshi abasemthethweni nabasebenzi abangaphezulu, kwanakurhulumente, oorhulumente bengingqi, abaqeshi, imibutho yemisebenzi, imibutho yempangelo, norhulumente.

Ucalucalulo lobudala lusaqhubeka luyimbambano eqhubekayo. NgokweKhomishini ye-U.S. E-EOC, ityala elinxulumene nobudala ngokusoloko liphendula inxalenye enkulu yocalucalulo emsebenzini. I-ADEA inika abasebenzi abadala amandla okufuna uncedo xa bejamelene nonyango olunekhethe xa beqeshiwe, bedutyulwa, benyuselwa, behliswa, behlawulwa, kunye nezinye iimeko zemisebenzi. Ukuqonda umgangatho opheleleyo we-ADEA, kwananonyango olusemthethweni olukhoyo, kubalulekile kuye nabani na othe wafumana amaqondo omsebenzi awo kamva.

Eli nqaku linikela uvavanyo olunzulu lwamalungelo asemthethweni abaqeshwa abangaphezulu kwama-40 phantsi kwe-ADEA, ukugquma ukhuseleko olungundoqo, ukuvalela izenzo zabaqeshi, inkqubo yokukhalaza, ngaphandle, kunye namaqhinga asebenzayo okukhusela ucalucalulo lobudala.

Ukhuseleko lwe-ADEA

I-ADEA iyalwalela ucalucalulo nakuyiphi na inxalenye yomsebenzi kubantu abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu. Umthetho ubandakanya abasebenzi nabafaki-zicelo bemisebenzi.

  • [[UMTL: 0] I-Fail okanye ukungavumi ukuqesha umntu ngenxa yobudala.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Discope nawuphi na umqeshwa ngenxa yobudala.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukudityaniswa ngokubhekiselele kwimbuyiselo, imiqathango, okanye amalungelo omsebenzi.
  • [[UMTL: 0] I-limet, i-'qualt', okanye ulwahlulo' lwabasebenzi ngokwendlela ezibahlutha amathuba omsebenzi okanye ngenye indlela ezichaphazela kakubi iimeko zabo.
  • [[UMTLL:0] Ukuchasa umntu ochasene nocalulo lobudala, ukubeka ityala, okanye ukuba nenxaxheba kuphando okanye ukuqhubeka.

Ikhusela udidi: "40 kunye nomdala"

IADEA ikhusela abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 ubudala, yaye ayibakhuseli nabasebenzi abasele bekhulile abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama - 40 ubudala; akukho ntambo yokwalukana kweminyaka ephezulu.

Iziphumo zonyango ezizodwa.

IADEA ithetha ngeengcamango ezimbini eziphambili zocalulo:

  • [[FLT: 0] Unyango oludityanisiweyo: Xa umqeshi ngabom ephatha umqeshi okhulileyo kancinci ngenxa yobudala. Umzekelo, umphathi okhanyela umfaki-sicelo ofanelekileyo kuba bebadala kakhulu.
  • Isiphumo esihlukanisayo: Xa inkqubo yomqeshi enobundilele obungalinganiyo okanye iqheliselo ngokungenakulinganiswa ingxwelerha yengozi yabasebenzi abakhulileyo, ngaphandle kokuba inkqubo isekelwe kwifekta esengqiqweni kuneminyaka yobudala. Umzekelo, inani elincinane leminyaka lamava elikhupha abasebenzi abadala ngokunempumelelo lingacetyiswa njengenefuthe lokuhluza.

Oko Abaqeshi Abangenakukwenza Phantsi KweADEA

IADEA imisela imida ecacileyo kwihambo yomqeshi. Ngapha koko, izenzo ezithile zigwetyelwe ngokungqalileyo:

Ukufihla nokubuyisela

  • Ukwala ukuqesha umntu ofake isicelo kuba beneminyaka engama - 40 ubudala.
  • Uchaza iminyaka yobudala okanye imiqathango kwintengiso okanye kwizinto zokufumana umsebenzi, ngaphandle kokuba iminyaka yobudala ifaneleke (BFOQ).
  • Ukusebenzisa iimvavanyo zangaphambi komsebenzi ezibonisa ngaphezulu abasebenzi abadala ngaphandle kobulungisa obunxulumene nomsebenzi.

Uphuhliso

  • Ukungawanyusi amathuba okunyusela abasebenzi abakhulileyo ukuze bathandwe ngabasebenzi abancinane, abanamava naphantsi kwazo nje iimfaneleko ezilinganayo okanye eziphezulu.
  • Ukusebenzisa iinkqubo ezizizo ezikhupha abasebenzi abakhulileyo.

Ukufumana Imali Neingenelo

  • Ukuhlawula abasebenzi abakhulileyo imali encinane ngenxa yomsebenzi ofanayo ngenxa yokukhula.
  • Ukunciphisa iingenelo, njenge-inshorensi yempilo okanye iminikelo yengqesho, esekelwe kubudala. Noko ke, i-ADEA inelungiselelo elingqalileyo malunga neenjongo zokuzithandela zokukhuthaza abantu ukuba bathathe umhlala-phantsi ngaphambi kwexesha lokuphumla kunye neminye imithetho efana ne-Refeed Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA).

Ukuphelisa nokukhulula

  • Ukuhlasela umqeshwa ngenxa yobudala, kuquka ukukhutshwa kwempahla eyakhayo (ukuvelisa iimeko ezinganyamezelekiyo ezibangela ukuphelelwa ngamandla).
  • Ukukhetha abasebenzi abadala belungiselela ukuphoswa ngaphandle ngeli xesha begcina abasebenzi abatsha abanobuncinci okanye umsebenzi oncitshisiweyo kumandla (RIF).
  • Ukunikela iimpahla zomhlala - phantsi zangethuba ezinyanzela abasebenzi abakhulileyo ukuba bahambe bengathandi.

Ukukhathazwa Nokuhlaselwa Kwemeko - bume Yomsebenzi

I-ADEA ikwalela ukukhathazwa ngokweminyaka okusekelwe ekuzinziseni imeko-bume yomsebenzi engalunganga. Imizekelo iquka amahlazo aphinda-phindwayo malunga nobudala, amagqabaza athoba isidima (umz. "omdala wexesha," "ofile"), okanye ukucalucalulwa okucwangcisiweyo kwiintlanganiso nakwimisebenzi yasekuhlaleni. Ihambo mayibe ngqongqo okanye isasazeke ngokwaneleyo ukuguqula imekobume yomsebenzi kwaye mayingamkeleki.

Amalungelo Omsebenzi Nokukhalaza: Ukukhalaza

Umqeshwa okholelwa ukuba bacalulwe ngenxa yobudala kufuneka athathe inyathelo ngokukhawuleza. IADEA ifuna ukuba ityala libekwe kwiEEOC ngaphambi kokuba libekwe icala labucala.

Ukutyala IEOC

  • I-Deadline: Ityala kufuneka ligcinwe ngeentsuku ezili-180 zesenzo sokugweba esityholwayo solwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokwemeko yocalulo lobudala kunye nombutho karhulumente omiselweyo (amazwe azimeleyo), ixesha lokusebenza linwebela kwiintsuku ezingama-300.
  • [[UMTL:0]''''''''' IEOC izakuphanda ngetyala, izame ukuzama ukukhupha, kwaye mhlawumbi ikhuphe ileta elungileyo ukuya kwintambo okanye igqibe ukuhambisa ifayile yempahla kumqeshwa.
  • Uphando: Akuvumelekanga ukuba umqeshi aziphindezele kumqeshi ngokufaka ityala, ngokusebenzisana nophando, okanye ucalucalulo lobudala obuchasayo.

Imithetho Yabucala

Emva kokufumana isaziso sokuya kwicala lasekunene le-EEOC, umqeshwa angafaka ityala kwinkundla yenkundla yesizwe. Amaqumrhu phantsi kwe-ADEA aquka:

  • [[UMTL:0] Umvuzo wasemva [ kunye nenzuzo ezilahlekileyo (nenzala).
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukwahlula okanye intlawulo yangaphambili ukuba ukubuyiselwa akunakwenzeka.
  • [[Ukwaphulwa komqeshi] Umonakalo owenziwe ngetyala (umvuzo womva ophindwe kabini) ukuba ukophula umqeshi bekungabom.
  • Iindleko ze-Attorney [ kunye nexabiso lonikezelo.
  • Isiqabu esibangela umqeshi atshintshe imigaqo yocalulo.

Okuphawulekayo kukuba, iADEA ayivumeli umonakalo wokuhlaziywa kweemvakalelo okanye isohlwayo sokukhubazeka ekumangaleleni kwabucala, ngokungafaniyo neSihloko seSithili seSigunyaziso samaLungelo esinguNondyebo. Noko ke, eminye imithetho karhulumente inganika unyango olongezelelekileyo.

Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Nezibalulekileyo

IADEA iquka iimvume ezininzi zokungangeni ezivumela ukucalucalucalulo olusekelwe kubudala kwimeko ezilinganiselweyo.

Ubuchule obukhoyo bomsebenzi (BFOQ)

Umqeshi angacalula ngokweminyaka ukuba angangqina ukuba iminyaka yobudala yi-"bona i-active commental system efunekayo kumsebenzi oqhelekileyo weshishini elithile". Oku kungumngcingo. Iinkundla ziyazi ukuba ii-BFOQ kwiimeko ezibandakanya ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, njengakwixesha lokuthatha umhlala-phantsi eliyimfuneko kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya (abaneminyaka engama-65 phantsi kwemithetho yeFAA), abaphathi-mthetho, kunye nabacimi bomlilo. Umqeshi kufuneka abonise ukuba bonke abantu okanye ngokunzulu ngeminyaka ethile abakwiminyaka ethile abakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo.

Inkqubo yobuNtlalo-ntle

Abaqeshi bangaqwalasela imigaqo yenkqubo yokuzimela phezulu engafuni nabani na oqeshweyo ngenxa yobudala. Kodwa ke, inkqubo ephezulu kufuneka isekelwe kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo ngaphandle kobudala kwaye akufunekanga ibe yingxengxezo yokucalucalulo.

Iinkalo Ezisengqiqweni Kuneminyaka (RFOA)

Kwimeko ezichaphazelekayo, umqeshi angakhusela inkqubo enempembelelo engathethekiyo kubasebenzi abakhulileyo ngokubonisa ukuba olu qheliselo lusekelwe kwinkalo esengqiqweni ngaphandle kweminyaka. Ukhuseleko lwe-RFOA lufuna umqeshi ukuba angqine ukuba lo mba usengqiqweni kwaye usetyenziswe ngendlela esengqiqweni.

Amalungiselelo Okuqalisa Ukuthatha Umhlala - phantsi

I-ADEA ayikwaleli ukukhuthaza abantu ukuba bathathe umhlala phantsi ngaphambi kwexesha. Iinjongo ezinjalo kufuneka zicetyiswe kubasebenzi abafanele ukuqeshwa ngokuzithandela, kwaye icebo limele lifikelele iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zokuhlawulwa nokukhutshwa kwezicelo. Abaqeshwa kufuneka banikwe ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-21 ukuze bacinge nge-'asting' (ientsuku ezingama-45) neentsuku ezi-7 ukuze bafumaneke.

Imithetho Yaseburhulumenteni Neyobulali: Ukhuseleko Olunyusiweyo

Ngoxa iADEA inikeza isiseko, amaphondo amaninzi nemimandla iye yamisela imithetho yocalucalulo elingana neminyaka yawo enika ukhuseleko olomeleleyo. Eminye imithetho karhulumente igubungela bonke ubudala, kungekuphela nje ama-40 nangaphezulu, kwaye eminye isebenza kubaqeshi abancinane. Imizekelo iquka i-Fornia Fair Holody and Hosley Act (FEHA), i-New York State Human Rights Law, kunye ne-New York City Human Rights Law. Abaqeshwa kula mazwe bangasukela phantsi kwemiqathango yombuso nomthetho worhulumente, ngokufuthi befumana ilahleko ephezulu kunye nomthetho owexesha elide.

Kucetyiswa ukudibana negqwetha elisebenzayo eliqhelene nemithetho ethile yemo yomqeshwa, njengokuba ukudityaniswa komthetho karhulumente norhulumente kusenokuba nzima.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Abaqeshwa Abangaphezu Kwama - 40 Okukhusela Amalungelo Abo

Ngaphandle kokucela uncedo olusemthethweni, abasebenzi abakhulileyo banokuthabatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo okubhala ingxelo baze bathintele ucalucalulo lobudala.

Phendla InjiniName

  • Gcina iingxelo ezichaza indlela esebenza ngayo, ingxelo ekhuthazayo, imivuzo nokunconywa.
  • Gcina ii-imeyili, imisebenzi, okanye amaphetshana abonisa amagqabaza anxulumene nobudala, iziqhulo, okanye iintetho ezigqwethekileyo zabalawuli okanye abasebenzi.
  • Chaza naziphi na iimeko apho abasebenzi abaselula abangenamava bafumana unyango olulunge ngakumbi, ukunyuselwa okanye amathuba.

Thetha Noogqirha

  • Inkxalabo yomsebenzi wentetho ngokukhawuleza nangokubhala ukuphepha ukuhla kobuchule.
  • Funa ingxelo kunye nolindelo olucacileyo, ingakumbi xa kubekwe kwisicwangciso sokuphucula.

Ingxelo Exhalabisayo

Abaqeshi abaninzi banezenzo zokukhalaza okanye zokukhalaza. Ukuxela i-HR okanye ngomyalelo otyunjwe ukuba uthotyelwe akuniki umqeshi ithuba lokulungisa le ngxaki kuphela kodwa kwakhona kunceda ukufumanisa ukuba umqeshwa uchasile unyango. Oku kunokuba luncedo ekuziphindezeleni.

Funa Isiluleko Esisemthethweni Kusekuseni

Ukuba umqeshwa ukrokrela ukuba ujoliswe kwixhoba lokugula ngenxa yobudala, ukuqhagamshelana negqwetha lezemisebenzi ngaphambi kokuba libekwe izityholo ezisemthethweni kunganceda ekugcineni ubungqina kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba ixesha elimisiweyo lihlangatyezwane. IEEOC inefestile eqinileyo egcina iimini ezili-180/300, kwaye ingasifumani isizathu.

Umthetho Obalulekileyo Nezindululo Zakutshanje

Ukuqonda amatyala aphawulekayo kuyanceda ekucaciseni indlela iinkundla eziyitolika ngayo iADEA.

INkundla Ephakamileyo NeADEA

  • [[NTLA] Gross v. FBL Inkonzo yezemali, Inc. (2009): Imilinganiselo yangoku yamatyala emo yemizwa edityanisiweyo phantsi kwe-ADEA. Inkundla yathi umkhandi kufuneka abonise ukuba ubudala buyi "kodwa-ya" unobangela wesenzo esingalunganga, hayi unobangela okhuthazayo. Oku kunyusa umthwalo kubaqeshwa xa kuthelekiswa neemeko zeSihlo se-VII.
  • Mayam v. Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory (2008):[ Kwimeko engqubanayo, umqeshi uthwala umthwalo wokungqina ukuba umsebenzi wawusekelwe kwifekta esengqiqweni kuneminyaka yobudala.
  • Inkqubo yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ye-EEOC v. EEEOC (2008):[ INkundla yawisa umthetho wokuba izicwangciso zokuthatha umhlala phantsi okhubazekayo ezisebenzisa ubudala njengefekta aziyonto ngokuzenzekelayo ukukhupha ucalucalulo ukuba ziphumeza iinjongo ezifanelekileyo ezizingenelo.

Ukhokelo lwe-EOC nonyanzelo lwakutshanje

I-EEOC ikhuphe ulwahlulo oluhlaziyiweyo localulo , kuquka iziphumo zetyala kwi-RIFs kunye nezindululo zokuzithandela zomhlala-phantsi. Kwimozulu yangoku yabasebenzi, i-EOC ifake iliso kwi-"gastist" izibhengezo zemisebenzi kunye nezixhobo zokuqesha ezinokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwabasebenzi abadala. Abaqeshi babekwa ngokungaphezulu kwityala le diski yomthetho we-algoritisme.

Ucalucalulo Lobudala Kumsebenzi Wanamhlanje: I - Ai Nenkohliso

Enye yeenkupho ezicinezelayo kumthetho wocalucalulo ongokwabantu abadala ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kobuchule obungeyoyamvelo (AI) kunye nezixhobo zokuhlola ezizenzekelayo. Abaqeshi abasebenzisa iimvavanyo zobuntu, uhlalutyo lwevidiyo, okanye ukuphinda baqalise kwakhona uhlahlele amanani ee-algoriths bangahluza abatsha abatsha abasekelwe kwiminyaka emininzi yamava, okanye iipakethe-mali zolwimi. Abasebenzi abadala abarhanela ukuba bakhutshelwe ngaphandle yinkqubo ye-algorithm kufuneka baqwalasele igcisa.

Amagqabi Neemveliso ZeADEA

Xa abaqeshwa abadala bekhutshiwe okanye besamkela umhlala-phantsi kwangoko, basoloko becelwa ukuba batyikitye umqeshi okhulula umqeshi kuzo zonke izinto ezithethwayo zexesha elizayo, kuquka ne-ADEA. Aba baxhaphazi balawulwa ngokungqongqo phantsi koMthetho [[FLT: 0] Abasebenzi abasebenzayo Bengenelwe Inkxaso (OWBPA)[FLT]. Iimfuno ziquka:

  • Umenzi wento kufuneka abhalwe ngolwimi olucacileyo.
  • Umqeshwa kufuneka afumane inkcazelo engqalileyo ngeqela labasebenzi elichaphazelekayo (iqela lokhetho) ukuba liyinxalenye yeqela eliphumayo.
  • Umqeshwa kufuneka anikwe ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-21 ukuqwalasela umenzi we-raiver (ientsuku ezingama-45 ukuze iqela liphume) neentsuku ezisixhenxe ukuphelisa emva kokutyikitya.
  • Umxhaphazi akanakuwarhoxa amalungelo okanye athi avela emva komhla atyikitywe ngawo.

Ukuba umrhwebi akakwazi ukufikelela ezi mfuneko, kuphuthile, kwaye umqeshwa usenokufuna isiqinisekiso se-ADEA. Kubalulekile ukuhlolisisa nasiphi na isivumelwano okanye ukukhululwa negqwetha ngaphambi kokutyikitya.

Ukubuyiselwa: Ukhuseleko Olunamandla

Ilungiselelo lokulwa nocalucalulo lobudala le-ADEA linqabela umqeshi ukuba angamphathi kakubi umqeshi kuba ebandakanyekile kumsebenzi okhuselekileyo. Oku kuquka ukufaka ityala le-EEOC, ukungqina kuphando, okanye kwanokukhalaza ngaphakathi ngokucalucalucalulo ngeminyaka. Impindezelo isenokumelana nokuba ityala eliphantsi kobudala aliphumelelanga. Umzekelo, ukuba umqeshi udubula umqeshi ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba ekhalaze ngamagqabaza obudala, ixesha lodwa lingenza ucalulo olunamandla.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Ngaba umqeshwa ongaphantsi kweminyaka engama - 40 ubudala unokuzithethelela ngokucalucalulwa kobudala bakhe?

Noko ke, eminye imithetho karhulumente ikhusela abasebenzi abaselula ekucalukeni abantu abasele bekhulile.

Ngaba kusemthethweni ukuba umqeshi acele iminyaka yam kwisicelo somsebenzi?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, akunjalo. Ukucela iminyaka yobudala kwisicelo okanye ebudeni bodliwano-ndlebe bungabubungqina benjongo yokukhupha imvume. Kukho imiqathango elinganiselweyo apho iminyaka yobudala i-BFOQ.

Kuthekani ukuba ndikhathazwa ngenxa yobudala kodwa ndingagxothwa okanye ndithotywe?

Ukukhathazwa ngokweminyaka akuvumelekanga ukuba kudala imeko engalunganga yomsebenzi. Usenokubeka isityholo kwiEEOC uze ufune iimpendulo ezifana nokuhlawula imbuyekezo, ukubuyiselwa, okanye ukuphelisa ukukhathazwa.

Kuthabatha ixesha elingakanani ukucombulula imeko yeADEA?

Uphando lwe-EEOC lungathatha iinyanga ukuya kunyaka okanye ngaphezulu. Ukumangalelwa ngasese kungathatha iminyaka eliqela ukufikelela kwityala. Iimeko ezininzi ziconjululwa ngokuvavanywa okanye ngokucocwa ngaphambi kokuchotshelwa kwetyala.

Isiphelo

IAge Calucalution in Act yoMsebenzi inika ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo kubasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu, iqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zemisebenzi zenziwa ngokufanelekileyo, hayi ngokujongwa kwabemi bomsebenzi ngokubhekiselele ekuguleni. Nangona umthetho unemida yawo . "kodwa" imigangatho yokungalinganiswa kwemali kunye nokungabikho komonakalo-monakalo wabasebenzi abadala. Isesona sixhobo sinamandla sokulwa nocalucalucalulo emsebenzini. Abaqeshwa abawa abawayo abaqonda amalungelo abo, ukuphathwa kakubi koxwebhu, kwaye benze ngokukhawuleza bangenza abaqeshi babo baqhubeke benobudala kunye nobugcisa obutsha bokuqesha, indima ye-ADEAAAA' ekulondolozeni abasebenzi abadala ibaluleke kakhulu kunanini nanini nanini. Icebiso lobuqu, abaqeshwa kufuneka badiswe ngumsebenzi onamava okanye badibane nomntu onamava okanye badibane [F:]