Umlo Ongaphoxekanga: Amalungelo Omtshato Namalungelo Esibini Esifambanayo

Ukulingana komtshato kuye kwaguqula ubomi bezibini ezimanyeneyo ezimanyeneyo. Kodwa iqela elisoloko lityeshelwa liyaqhubeka lijongana nemiqobo engaqhelekanga engokwasemthethweni, entlalweni, nakwezonyango: izibini ezikhulileyo ezingokwasemtsha. Ngoxa izizukulwana ezitsha ziye zafumana iinzuzo zemithetho engqiniweyo nentelekelelo kawonke-wonke, abantu abadala aba-LGBTQ+ abasoloko behamba ngelizwe apho ulwalamano lwabo lwalungalungelelwaniswanga, lungachatshazelwanga, okanye lufihlekile kangangamashumi eminyaka. Ukuqonda nokulungisa ezi zinto akungombandela nje wesidima, ukukhusela, kwaye ukulingana komntu omthandayo. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iingxaki ezithi ngqo ezijongenezo izibini ezikhulileyo, inkqubela ekwenziwe, inkqubela eyenzekayo, kunye neenguqulo ezisafuneka ekuqinisekiseni kwazo ngokupheleleyo.

Imeko - ngqangi Yembali: Ukwahlukana Kwamalungelo Omtshato Ngesizukulwana

Amalungelo omtshato wezibini ezingokwabelana ngesondo afanayo ayinkqubela-phambili yakutshanje, kwanakumazwe anenkqubela phambili. I-Netherlands yaba lelokuqala ukubhalisa umtshato ongokwasemgangathweni ngo-2001, lilandelwa yiBelgium ngo 2003. EUnited States, iNkundla ePhakamileyo ewell v. Hodges isigqibo (2015) senza umtshato ulingana nomthetho welizwe. Kodwa kwizibini ezisele zikhulile, eli balingagqibekanga kakhulu.

Ukuphila Ngexesha Lolwaphulo - mthetho

Abantu abaninzi abakhulileyo bazalwa ngeminyaka xa ulwalamano lwabo lobufanayo lwalungekho mthethweni, luchazwa njengeengxaki zengqondo, okanye izizathu zokungakhathalelwa emsebenzini kunye nokucalucalulwa kwezindlu. Babesoloko befihla ulwalamano lwabo ngenxa yokoyika ukubanjwa, ukuqeshwa, okanye ukulahlwa kwentsapho. Oku kubuhlungu okungokwembali kuchaphazela amava abo akhoyo ngoku, ukukhula kokungathembani okusemthethweni kunye nokunyamekela impilo. Ngokungafaniyo nezibini eziselula ezakhulayo ngexesha lomlo wobulingani, izibini ezikhulileyo zisenokuba azikhange zilumise ulwalamano lwazo ngomtshato, amaqabane asekhaya, okanye kwanamathuba okuhlala kunye nentsapho. Oku kuchaphazela amavayo kuba zazifuna, kodwa ngenxa yokuba zazifuna, kodwa zaziyingozi okanye zingenakukwazi ukufikelela ngokomthetho.

Amashumi Eminyaka Engenelo Esemthethweni Elahlekileyo

Ukungakwazi ukutshata ngenxa yobomi bazo obuninzi kwathetha ukuba izibini ezikhulileyo eziziintlobano zesini eziziintlobano zesini ezisele zikhulile zaphoswa amashumi eminyaka eengenelo zokhuseleko loluntu olusemthethweni: iinzuzo zomtshato ozisebenzelayo, iingenelo zomhlala-phantsi, irhafu, kunye namalungelo azenzekelayo emfuno ezithathwa lula zizibini ezichaseneyo nomtshato. Kwanasemva kokuba umlinganiselo womtshato uphunyezwe, izibini ezininzi ezikhulileyo azitshatanga ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi zokungazenziwa zihlawulelwa, ezinye zinoloyiko lokulahlekelwa zingenelwa kwimali esemthethweni, ezinye iingenelo ezinxulumene nomgangatho womtshato ongaphumiyo, kwaye ezinye zigcina umgangatho wemfazwe weminyaka engaphambili. Oku kwenza ukuba abantu abaninzi bangabi namathuba okunganqabisekiyo ekuhlaleni kwemali kunyaka okhoyo.

Ukungalingani Okukhethekileyo Ngokomthetho Nangokwemali

Izibini ezisele zikhulile zijongene nebhombu yemingeni engokwasemthethweni eyahluke kakhulu kweyabantu abatsha abatshatileyo okanye yoontanga bazo abathandanayo. Ukudlala phakathi korhulumente, korhulumente, korhulumente, nomthetho wehlabathi lonke kudala imisantsa enokutshabalalisa iqabane eliphilayo.

Ukwwamkelwa Okungaphelelanga Ngaphaya Kwamatyala

Kwanakumazwe apho umtshato osisini omnye usemthethweni wesizwe, uzalisekiso lwasekuhlaleni lungahluka. Umzekelo, eUnited States, ngeli xesha obergefell[ ifuna onke amazwe ukuba aqonde imishado-yobudlelane, amanye amazwe adlulise imithetho okanye izilungiso zemithetho-siseko ezibonisa ukuchasana, kwaye isigqibo sexesha elizayo seNkundla ePhakamileyo singaqengqeleka ngokungasemva ukhuseleko. Izibini ezikhulileyo azikwazi ukuhamba kakuhle kwaye azikwazi ukufudusa kwigunya elinobuhlobo obuninzi. Ukuba isibini sihamba ukusuka kwimo eqhubekayo ukuya kwenye yemithetho entiyo, zingafumana amalungelo athile abonisa ukutyelelwa okanye ukutyelelwa okanye ukunikwa kwesigqibo sobomi obuqhelekileyo, ngokukodwa ukuba zinokunikwa imvume encinane kubomi basekhaya kwaye zingenanjongo engakumbi yoxwebhu lwaso.

Ukuceba Ngaphandle Komtshato

Izibini ezininzi ezisele zikhulile azitshatanga ngokusemthethweni. Zimbi zikhethe ukungatshati ngenxa yezizathu zezobupolitika okanye zobuqu; ezinye azizange zibe namathuba okufumana intsebenziswano phambi kokuba impilo yeqabane liphelelwe. Ngaphandle komtshato osemthethweni, ucwangciso lwendawo lusiba luyingozi. Abasindi basenokungalifumani ilifa, bagxothwa kumakhaya ahlukeneyo, okanye baphulukane nokufikelela kwii-akhawunti zebhanki ezidibeneyo. IMimiselo ingakhutshwa ngamalungu entsapho alwayo alwa nolwalamano lolwalamano. Naxa kunamaxwebhu asemthethweni afana negqeba okanye aphilayo, abasebenzi bezempilo namakhaya abo banokungawahoya la maxa anokungawaxhasi amatyala. [FLT:] [FLT] [12D:1] icebiso elithe krac'ua ngokuqhubekayo licebisa amagxande okuthembana namagqwetha, kodwa lalammeli abafumana iinkonzo ezincinane.

Irhafu Neembopheleleko

Izibini ezitshatileyo ezitshatileyo ezingafaniyo nezingokwabelana ngesondo zifanelekela ngokuzenzekelayo iingenelo zemali phantsi kweSicwangciso soKhuseleko lwaseKhagarithe (U.S.), okanye iinkqubo ezifanayo zikarhulumente. Amaqabane angatshatanga angokwasemthethweni (nakuba ebezihleli kunye kamashumi eminyaka). Izibini ezitshatileyo ezigqibele ukutshata emva kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala, ezinye iindidi eziluncedo zisekelwe kwiziphumo zengeniso ezithi zangaphambi komtshato, kwaye zingenelwe ngokuzinzileyo azifane zivunyelwe. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iqabane elisaphilayo lifumana kuphela isabelo soko isibini esitshatileyo esitshatileyo esitshatileyo esitshatileyo esitshatileyo esitshatileyo esitshatileyo esitshatileyo esitshatileyo, ngenxa yokubalwa ngokwasemthethweni azibaliwe. Lo mqobo uninzi lwamanani amanani amanani amanani amanani aphezulu aphezulu kwizinxusebuhlweni kwiminyaka yamva.

Inkcaso neNkxaso engokwasempilweni

Inkqubo yonyango ibangela ezinye zeengozi eziqatha kwizibini ezikhulileyo ezifak ’ iintlobano zesini ezifanayo. Ukudibana kobudala, ihomophobia, kunye nokucalucalula kwezonyango kudala imekobume enetyhefu apho kwanabona bantu bazinikeleyo banokubekwa ecaleni.

Ukungahloneli Ulwalamano

Xa iqabane elikhulileyo elingumguli elisesibhedlela, abasebenzi basenokungaliqondi igunya leqabane lomntu lonyango, ingakumbi ukuba isibini asitshatanga ngokusemthethweni. Kwanaxa kukho iprojekthi yokusebenza kwezonyango, ezinye iindawo zifuna iziqinisekiso zomtshato okanye imiyalelo yenkundla ekufuneka kungabi lula ukuvelisa xa kungxamisekile. Le ngxaki idityaniswe kubantu abadala abasele bekhulile, abamaphepha abo anokuba afana nokuboniswa kwabo ngokwesini, nto leyo ekhokelela ekudideni okanye ekukhanyeni ngokupheleleyo kwamalungelo abo angokwasemthethweni.

Ukoyika Ukunyamekela Amakhaya

Izibini ezikhulileyo ezihlala kunye ezithe zalungela okanye ziphephe ukufudukela kwiindawo eziluncedo ngenxa yokoyika i-homophobia. Amabali abasebenzi athintela izibini ukuba zihlale kunye, ukunqanda uthando lomzimba, okanye ukuhleka ulwalamano lwazo aqhelekanga. Ezinye izibini zifihla ulwalamano lwazo ngokupheleleyo, ziphila “ngamalungu omtshato” ukuze ziphephe ucalucalulo. Oku kuchaphazela imeko yazo efihlakeleyo yaye kunokuba neziphumo ezinzulu ezingokwasemthethweni: ukuba elinye iqabane life ngaphandle kokuvuma ulwalamano, elinye lingahlulwa ilifa okanye ilungelo lokuhlala. [FLT:]], ukukhokela umbutho oweezwa ziimvakalelo ezintle zengqondo ze-LBGTQT+ abadala, kubhale ukuba uninzi lwabadala abakhoyo baphinde bafumane inkqubela esemva kobucala. [FLT. 5:]

Ukukhathalelwa

I-Endduaofnafue Life Catences ithe thaa. Amaziko eenkcubeko kwezinye iindawo akhululekile kwimithetho engathathi-nxaxheba ukuba angoobufanasini, kwaye asenokungafuni ukuvuma indima yeqabane elinye lobufanayo kwizigqibo zokhathalelo. Kwanakwimimiselo yehlabathi, i-hentermormeriverity joves joanings shorts shorts ques "" "umfamash" okanye“ umfama” kumabinzana adibeneyo-sene. Izibini ezikhulile eziye zanyamezela ixesha elide lokuzibhiyo zisenokungaqinisekiswe amalungelo azo, ukoyika impiso okanye ukuphelelwa yimfazwe. Intlangano enjenge [[FLT:] I-RGUPF:] Inikela ngokukhuthaza impilo eninzi.

Ukuzikhetha Kwabanye Nempilo Yengqondo

Imilo engokwasemthethweni neyonyango ibangelwa kukuzikhetha kakhulu ngokwentlalo. Izibini ezikhulileyo ezingoonozakuzaku kwanabahlobo bazo abangoonozakuzaku kunye nabo banokuqhelana neentsapho zobundlobongela, babe nabantwana abambalwa abanokunikela inkathalo, kunye nokuphulukana nabahlobo bakaGawulayo ebudeni boo-1980 kunye noweminyaka yoo-1990. Oku “kulahlekelwa ngumthwalo onzima” kungabenza bangakhange bafumane inkxaso kwiintsapho zokwaluphala.

“ Intsapho YamaChosen” Iphantsi Kobunzima

Uninzi lwe-LGBTQ+ abadala bakha ubomi babo phakathi “kwentsapho enyuliweyo” yabahlobo kunye namaqabane abo bangaphambili. Kodwa xa abo bahlobo bekhula kwaye befa, inkqubo yenkxaso iyancipha. Izibini ezingazange zitshate ngokusemthethweni, ukufa komnye ofelweyo kudla ngokuthi ulahlekiswe kungekuphela nje iqabane kodwa nonxulumano oludibeneyo nesibini. Izithuba ezifana ne-i-ibhari, amaziko oluntu, kunye neMidla ngokuzi: zidla ngokuhlala zineminyaka engama-63 exesheni, okwenza kube nzima ngezibini ezikhulileyo ukwakha amaqhina amatsha. [[FLTBQ+readers] ukthms uk' oluphakathi lungumxubenelo osuk' uphando oluphindwe kabini ngokuhlala kunye namaxesha amathathu ukuba zingabikho ngexesha elinye lokubiza abantu abadala.

Impilo Yengqondo Nelifa Lesikeyile

Ubomi bokokuzifihla okanye ukuphathwa ngendlela egqwethekileyo kuthatha umonakalo omkhulu wengqondo. Izibini ezikhulileyo ezingokwasemgangathweni zibika amanani aphezulu odandatheko, ixhala, kunye nokuzibulala kunabantu abadala abancinane abakwiLGBTQ+ nabakhulileyo. Zisenokungakuthandi ukufuna unyango lwengqondo ngenxa yamava abuhlungu angaphambili abaxhasweyo nababethwayo abanokukwazi ukuqhuba isondo. Kwanabanga bangcali abanobuchule bokunyanga isondo. Abasebenzi bezonyango abanobuchule bokuzilolonga i-RGBTQ bangaswela ingqeqesho kwi-LBQ. Imisebenzi yempilo yengqondo elungele ukufikelela kwinkcubeko. /[FLT:] Iprojectror engalunganga] ngenxa yobutsha okanye abasebenzisanayo, i-Sitaultline yesizwe esishushu.

Imbono Yamazwe Ngamazwe: Inkqubela Nemida Ezingisileyo

Amalungelo omtshato ezibini ezikhulileyo ezifak ’ iintlobano zesini aziyongxaki nje yasekhaya. Ifushano lehlabathi lonke lityhila intsebenziswano edityanisiweyo yokhuseleko, amanye amazwe ekhokela amanye aphinde abuyele phambili.

EMntla Yurophu: Ukukhuselwa Okunamandla, Ukuxinana Kwezithethe Kusasele

Amazwe aseScandinavia ebenguovulindlela bexesha elide eLGBTQ+ amalungelo. ISweden, iNorway, iDenmark, neIceland zisemthethweni ngokusemthethweni kumtshato ongokwabelana ngesondo kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, kwaye iinkqubo zawo zobuntlalo-ntle zinika abemi abakhulileyo inkxaso eqinileyo kungakhathaliseki ukuba bakwimeko yomtshato. Umzekelo, ilifa kunye namalungelo empesheni aqhawulwa kakhulu emtshatweni, ngoko ke izibini ezitshatileyo ezingoondini ezingoontanga ezihlala kunye nezikhulileyo kula mazwe zisenokunganyangeka; izibini ezikhulileyo zisenokujamelana nogwebo kuontanga nakunye nabasebenzi abanyamekela impilo abakhulayo abahlala behleli kwiminyaka eqhekeneyo.

EKhanada naseOstreliya: Imithetho Yomtshato Equka Ukungathobeli

I-Khanada yasemthethweni ngo-2005 kunye ne-Australia yayamkela ngokwasemthethweni ngo-2017. Zombini zinezikhuseli ezinamandla kucalucalulo olusekelwe kwimbonakalo yesondo. Kodwa kusenjalo, izibini ezikhulileyo ezisexesheni ezikwimimandla esemaphandleni okanye ekude zingadibana nabanikezi bonyango abangaqhelananga ne-LGBTQ + ezifuna okanye ezingaxhasiyo. Amaqela e-Australia amaqela akhuthaziweyo njengaye- Ubomi bunika abancedisibo, kodwa ubonelelo lwemali kwinkonzo yabakhulileyo luhlala lunganele.

IMpuma Yurophu NeAsia: Apho Umgangatho Womtshato Ungekhoyo

Kwindawo ezininzi zaseMpuma Yurophu, eRashiya, kunye nemimandla emikhulu yase-Asia, umtshato ofanayo wobufanasini awuvunywa, kwaye ulwalamano olufanayo lobufanayo lusenokuphinda luqashelwe. Izibini ezitshatileyo ezikwimimandla efanayo zihlala ngoloyiko olungapheliyo. Azinakufikelela naziphi na iinzuzo zobugcisa, azinakwenza izigqibo zonyango, kwaye zisenokujamelana nogonyamelo okanye ukukhathazwa ukuba ulwalamano lwabo lomtshato luye lwaziwa. Ezinye izibini ezikhulileyo kule mimandla zibuyele ngokuphumelelayo kwi-bom, zibonakala “njengamalungu” okanye“ amaqela” ukuze ziphile. Amaqumrhu oluntu anjenge [[FLT:] amaZwe azimeleyo onke anelungelo loluntu [[FLT:]] [FLD1] [1] [ziK]]

Imithetho Yonqulo Eyalayo Nokuthotywa Kwemiqathango

EUnited States nakumazwe athile aseYurophu, imithetho yonqulo yokukhulula ivumela abantu ngabanye kunye namaziko ukuba bakhanye iinkonzo ezinxulumene neentlobano zesini ezisekelwe kukholo. Oku kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izibini ezikhulileyo ezifuna izindlu kuluntu oluphantsi kokholo 76 oluphantsi komhlala-phantsi okanye zifumana inkathalo kwizibhedlele ezinxulumene nonqulo. Ilungu leMelika yeNkqubano yenkqubela-phambili[[[FLLT:1] ibhale ukuba abantu abadala abakhulileyo abakwi-U.S. basenokungangeni kwiinkonzo zangaphezulu, kanye ngenxa yokuba boyika ucalucalucalu-calulo. Oku “ukuphepha ukukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingentlalo-ntle zempilo kunye nokufa kwangaphambili.

Imigaqo: Yintoni Emele Itshintshe

Ukuthetha ngezobulungisa ezijongene nezibini ezikhulileyo eziziintlobano zesini zifuna ukulungelelaniswa kwesenzo kumacala amaninzi. Akukho lutshintsho lunye olungokwasemthethweni oluya kwanela; ukhuseleko lwemeko-bume luyimfuneko.

Utshintsho olungokwasemthethweni lwesizwe noloburhulumente

  • Inzuzo eNgaphandle: amazwe kufuneka abale ukhuseleko loluntu, umhlala-phantsi, kunye nabasindileyo bengenelwe ngokusekelwe kubude bonke bolwalamano lwesibini, hayi nje iminyaka ababetshate ngokusemthethweni. Oku kuya kufuna ukuba kubekho umgaqo-nkqubo wobudlelane basekhaya obude, obufana ne-affidavits, irekhostes zerhafu, okanye iingxelo zempahla eyabelweneyo.
  • Amalungelo azenzekelayo e-Spousal Revolution for Longgraders: anika umthetho onika ukutyelelwa esibhedlele, isigqibo sezamayeza, kunye namalungelo okulifa kwizibini ezingatshatanga eziye zahlala kunye iminyaka echaziweyo (umz. iminyaka emihlanu). Amazwe amaninzi ase-U.S. kunye namaphondo ase-Khanada anamalungiselelo afanayo “omthetho wesiXhosa-20, kodwa awasetyenziswanga kwizibini ezifanayo ze-62.
  • Unikezelo lwe-Discrimination: ngokuphandle luquka imbonakalo yesondo kunye nokuzichaza ngokwesini njengodidi olukhuselwe kuzo zonke izindlu, imicimbi yempilo, kunye nemithetho yexesha elide yokunyamekela iintsapho. Vala ukungangeni mvume yonqulo evumela ucalucalulo kwiinkonzo zerhafu.

Ukuphucula Inkqubo Yonyango

  • I-LGBT+ Uqeqesho lokuququzelela: Izikolo zomsebenzi wonyango, wokonga, nowokunceda abantu basekhaya ziquka uqeqesho lokunyamekela abakhulileyo LGBTQ+ izigulana. Izibhedlele namakhaya asebeza kufuneka avavanywe kwii-metric zabo ezibandakanya iifomu eziquka “ilungu” njengokhetho lolwalamano kunye nokuba izabelo zegumbi ziyazihlonela izibini ezikhethiweyo.
  • [[NTL: 0] Ukuphakamisa ulawulo lwasekhaya: nabahloli bakarhulumente kufuneka bongeze imibuzo malunga ne LGBTQ+ ukufakwa kwizixhobo zabo zophando ezisezantsi. Ii-acterity ezifunyaniswe ukuba ziyakhetha zinokuphulukana neMedicare/Medicaid crective.
  • Ukuhlanganisa iNtolongo eBalulekileyo yoLuntu: izibini ezininzi ezikhulileyo ezifuna ubusela obufanayo zikhetha ubudala endaweni yokungena kwindawo yokunyamekela iziko. Inkxaso-mali eyandisiweyo yoncedo lwempilo yasekhaya, ihospice, kunye neenkqubo zosuku lomntu omdala zenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa iLGBTQ+ ulwalamano.

Ukuxhasa Uluntu Nezakhiwo Zoluntu

  • [[NTLT:0] LGBTQ+ Iziko kunye neeNkqubo eziPhakamileyo: Izixeko kunye noomasipala kufuneka banikele intsebenziswano yamaziko aphezulu anikezelweyo amkela iLGBTQ+ abadala, okanye ubuncinane baxhase iinkqubo ezijoliswe kuzo ngexesha lokukhula kwiindawo ezikhoyo. Imisebenzi yexeshana inganciphisa ulwahlulo lwamadala nakumancinci LGBTQ+ abantu ngabanye.
  • Imali yenkxaso-mali egqithisiweyo: Yenza urhulumente aphazamise imali yongxamiseko yezibini ezikhulileyo ezijongene nokugxothwa kwezindlu, iingxaki zempilo, okanye ukufa kweqabane, ingakumbi xa izithuba ezisemthethweni zishiya zingabi nangenelo.
  • Iinethwekhi zenkxaso zepeer: Umlinganiselo weenkqubo ezisekelwe kumavolontiya [1] njengexesha lobuhlobo lokutyelela nokuqinisekisa umnxeba, apho iLGBTQ+ abaphezulu badityaniswe namatshantliziyo aqeqeshiweyo ukukhangela rhoqo.

Isiphelo: Isiphelo Esilandelayo Somgangatho

Imfazwe yamalungelo omtshato ayikapheli. Ngoxa iflegi emnyama ibhabhadula kakhulu kwizixeko ezininzi, izibini ezikhulileyo ezingokwasemgangathweni zihlala zilelinye lamaqela aphantsi kwiLGBTQ+ . Zineziva zexesha laxa ubufanasini bungulwaphulo-mthetho okanye buxilonge, kwaye ngoku zijongene nesidima sokungahoywa xa sele zikhulile. Ukuzama amalungelo azo kuthetha okungaphezulu kunokuphelisa nje umtshato osemthethweni, kuthetha ukuphelisa umonakalo wamashumi eminyaka ohlukeneyo, ukuvuma ulwalamano lwazo kuwo onke amacala olwazi, kwaye kwakha inkqubo yokuxhasa okunxulumene nembali neemfuno zabo.

Ukutshintsha inkqubo yomthetho kukodwa akwanelanga; ibutho labantu kufuneka lijamelane noluvo lwalo ngokukhula kunye nesini. Ukuboniswa okukhuthazayo kwezibini ezikhulileyo ezingokwabelana ngesondo kwijelo-ndaba, kwizibhengezo eziphezulu zezindlu, nakwintetho yesidlangalala kunganceda ekulungiseni ubukho balo. Inyathelo ngalinye lokubandakanyeka ngokupheleleyo "ngomthetho welifa elihlaziyiweyo, umgcini-mali wezempilo, okanye isenzo esilula sokuhlonela ummelwane, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uthando nozibophelele zifanelwe yisidima kulo lonke ixesha. Isahluko esilandelayo seLBBTQ+ amalungelo afanele sifake inyathelo elidala phakathi kwethu, kuba akukho lulo lupheleleyo de kufike isibini sizelwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba sizalwa nini, sinolwazi oludala noluhlonelo.