IRaje Sabra, njengegumbi eliphezulu lePalamente yaseIndiya, iphethe indawo eyahlukileyo nengasetyenziswayo kwisakhiwo sowiso-mthetho. Phakathi kwamagunya ayo amaninzi omgaqo-siseko, amandla okuzisa nokudlulisela iiBhili-maLungu zibonakala njengenkqubo enzima yokuqinisekisa ukuba ucwangciso lwemithetho alumiselwanga kuphela ngumphathi-mthetho. Eli gunya livumela amalungu ePalamente (iiMP) angayonxalenye yorhulumente olawulayo ukuba amisele umthetho obalulekileyo, ngaloo ndlela akhulise ingxoxo yedemokhrasi kunye nokuzisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yokwenza umthetho. Ngoxa iimali zikarhulumente zilawula ixesha, amalungu e-Oficileyo asebenza njengendawo ebalulekileyo yokukhusela imicimbi enokuthi ngamanye amazwe angayihoyi.

Ukuqonda Isiseko Samalungu Azimeleyo: Imvelaphi Nenjongo

IBhili yaMalungu angasese yimali eyasungulwa lilungu lePalamente elingengomlungiseleli. EIndiya, amatyala anjalo angaveliswa kwindlu yePalamente, kodwa inkcazo nempumelelo yawo ngokwembali iye yachazwa kakhulu kwiRajeya Sabha. Le ngcamango isuka kwinkqubo yeWestminster, apho abaxhasi banikwa ixesha elithile lokumisela umthetho. Injongo ephambili kukuvumela amalungu ukuba asebenze kwiimeko zenkxalabo yolawulo, ezingenakuhambelana nemithetho karhulumente ephambili. Ezi zihlawulela inani elikhulu lemiqathangontlalo-ntle nekhuselo yezentlalo. Nangona kunjalo abameli banikwa ixesha elikhethekileyo lokuba babe ngumthetho, badla ngokukhuthaza ukuba baqalise intetho kawonke kwaye banyanze imicimbi karhulumente ukuba baqhube inyathelo okanye imicimbi yolawulo.

Amandla ERaje Sabha Kwinkqubo Yamalungu Afihlakeleyo

Indima egunyazisiweyo ngumgaqo-siseko kaRajiya Sabba njengegumbi lokulungisa nokuqatshelwa kwalo okukhethekileyo `amalungu anyulwa ziintlanganiso zikarhulumente zezowiso-mthetho kwaye atyunjwa ngumongameli(). Wanika umgama othile ukusuka kwiingcinezelo zezopolitiko ezikhawulezileyo ezichaphazela iLok Sabhaha. Oku kuncedayo kwenza ukuba iRajiya Sabba Haha ibe luncedo ngakumbi ekuqaliseni incoko kunye nokuqwalasela okunzulu kwamaLungu kaBhili. Ngokungafaniyo neLok Sabbaha, apho urhulumente ngokufuthi akhokelela ekudibanisweni kweendleko ezinjalo kwintlanganiso okanye ekuvalweni, iJaveyaha ibandakanya isithethe sokuziqhutyelela ngokucokisekileyo. Indlu ephezulu idlulise amalungu aziwayo, ubuchule obunqabileyo kwi-Shab. Umahluko othe krab. Oku kubangelwa nguMjijinga, unyuso othe wajiza ngokuhlala ungenelela ngokuhlalayo, ungenelelo lwendlu olusemthethweni, unyuko oluthe uluthi oluthelela uluntu oluhlalayo, oluthe uluthi, oluhlala u

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko nemithetho

Inqaku le-109 neQumrhu leMigaqo-siseko laseIndiya linikela amalungiselelo okuqalisa nokudlulisa amatyala, kuquka lawo akhoyo ngamalungu azimeleyo. Imithetho yeProcedire and Monitor in the Rajaya Sabba (Rules 64-73) ngokungqalileyo ilawula iBhili-Malungu azimeleyo. Intlanganiso nganye, ixesha libekelwe ukusungula kwawo kunye nokudlulisa kwawo amatyala, kwaye kubekwe ingxubusho. Emva koko, kumiselwe ukunikezelwa kwentshayezo. Emva koko, i-mali mayinikwe isaziso senyanga ngaphambi kokusungula ityala, emva koko ihlolwe ngumthetho womthetho-omatilo siseko. Ukuba umthetho umgaqo-mthetho umiselwe umgaqo-siseko kunye nomthetho-siseko wendlu.

Inkqubo Ecokisekileyo Yokwazisa Nokudlula Kwincwadi Yamalungu Afihlakeleyo KwiRaje Sabha

Ukuqonda inyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo kutyhila amathuba kunye nezithintelo ezijongene namalungu azimeleyo. Uhambo lweBhili yamaLungu azimeleyo eRajiya Sabha kubandakanya amanqanaba aliqela:

Umzekelo 1: Isaziso nophando

Ilungu kufuneka linikeze isaziso semali, kunye nengcaciso yayo kunye nengxelo yezinto nezizathu, ubuncinane inyanga enye phambi kwentlanganiso. IRajiya Sabra Secretat ihlolisisa ityala lazo naziphi na iziphene zomGaqo-siseko, ukuphikisana nemithetho ekhoyo, okanye ukunqongophala komthetho-mthetho. Ukuba ifunyaniswe ilungile, iqukwa kwijelo lomhla wentsha.

INgxelo 2: Ukwazisa kunye neNgxoxo enxulumeneyo

NgoLwesihlanu olumiselweyo, ilungu linyakazisa intshukumo yekhefu ukuchaza ityala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kunikwa ngaphandle kokuphikisana. Noko ke, ukuba urhulumente okanye amanye amalungu athanda ingxubusho elinganiselweyo, ingenzeka. Xa sele ithe yaziswa, ityala lipapashwa kwiGazette yaseIndiya kwaye libe ngumba othe gqolo-jiko wemithetho okhoyo ukwenzela ingxoxo yexesha elizayo.

ISihloko 3: Ulwazelelelo kunye nokuLawula

Emva kwentshayelelo, ityala lingathathwa "lokuqwalasela" ngoLwesihlanu olulandelayo. Ilungu lingahambisa intshukumo ukubhekisa ityala kwiKomiti Yokukhetha okanye kwiKomiti yaMalungu. Iikomiti zivumela ukuxilongwa okuneenkcukacha, zimema amangqina ochwepheshe kunye namacebiso kawonke-wonke. Kwi Rajiya Sabha, ikomiti ibhekisa izikhombo kuMalungu angasese ngamanye amaxesha iye yakhokelela kwiingxelo ezincinci zempembelelo yenkqubo karhulumente nokuba ngaba ityala ngokwalo alihambi.

Isicatshulwa 4: Ingxoxo noMsitho

Xa ityala lidweliswe ukuze kuqwalaselwe, kuvela impikiswano epheleleyo. Umshukumisi uchaza iinjongo zemali, amanye amalungu athetha, kwaye kunganikelwa ingxubusho. Emva kwengxoxo, indlu ivotela ukudluliswa kwemali. Ukuba igqithiselwe ngamalungu amaninzi akhoyo kwaye avote (ukuba lilungu elinye elipheleleyo), ityala lithathwa njengelidluliswa yiRapya Sabba. Noko ke, kufuneka lihambe liye kwiLok Sabha yeKonso eKonso, apho ink Sabrance, apho inkcaso yorhulumente idla ngokuthintela inkqubela yayo.

Isiqendu 5: Ilishwa kwiLok Sabha

Ukuze iBhili yamaLungu abe ngumthetho, kufuneka idluliswe kuzo zombini izindlu kwaye ivunyelwe ukuba i-presidenti. Imithetho ka-Lok Sabba ivumela urhulumente ukuba abulale ngokunempumelelo amatyala anjalo ngokungacwangcisi, iRajiya Sabba isoloko ingumfuziselo. Noko ke, kukho iimeko eziphawulekayo apho iBhili yamaLungu yaMalungu e-Rajiya Sabba yadluliselwa khona ngurhulumente okanye yaphinda yamiswa njengomthetho karhulumente. Umzekelo, umva wencwadi u-Anti-Oudman (umthetho)[FLT] uBill:1] waqala njengoMbutho ozimeleyo phambi kokuba urhulumente wamkelwe.

Ukuthelekisa IRaje Sabba NeLok Sabha Iingxelo Zengoma

Izibalo zijonga iBhili-Malungu e-Human uchaza indima ephambili kaRaje Sabha. Ukususela ngo1952, iRaje Sabhaha iye yadlula kwishumi elinesibini lamaLungu e-Bills, ngoxa iLok Sabhaha igqithe nje kancinci. Izizathu ziphinda-phindeke kaninzi:

  • [[NTL: 0] Ixesha lokuthatha indawo: I Rajiya Sabha jikelele isebenzisa ixesha elininzi kakhulu kwaye icwangcisa iingxoxo rhoqo, ngelixa iLok Sabhaha iphelelwa lixesha lentlanganiso yemali enjalo.
  • Uthelekelelo oluthe ngqo: Amalungu e-Lok Sabha adityaniswe kakhulu kwisabhokhwe yeqela kunye nocwangciso lwemithetho karhulumente, kuyenza ibe nzima ukubeka izijungqe zemali ezingeyoya rhulumente.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ityala: Njengokuba i Rajeya Sabha iyindlu esisigxina, amatyala aziswa kwintlanganiso enye angathwalwa kwilandelayo. Kwi Lok Sabhaha, onke Amalungu azimeleyo eBhili ehlayo ekushwabeni, inyanzelela inkqubo ukuba iqalise kwakhona.
  • [[NTLA: 0] I-Rejaya Sabha iquka abagwebi abaninzi abadumileyo, iingcali zezoqoqosho, kunye nabaxhasi bentlalo abasebenzisa umgudu wokwenza umthetho othembekileyo, ngokufuthi befumana intlonelo ye-bipartisan.

Iingxaki Nemilinganiselo Elinganiselweyo Amalungu Angabodwa

Phezu kwayo nje iKomiti yowiso-mthetho esemthethweni ye-Business Advisory. Baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekuhlaleni kweMidabi yeSihlanu, esoloko itshintshwa ngenxa yeminye imiqobo emikhulu. Okona kubalulekileyo kukungabikho kwemiqobo enyanzelisayo: ngokungafaniyo namatyala karhulumente, abanako ukubekwa yinxalenye yemithetho esemthethweni yeBhunga lowiso-mthetho linguMphathiswa we-Bhunga. Baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekuhlaleni kweLuhlanu, okusoloko kulungiswa ngenxa yenye ishishini. Kwanokuba urhulumente uyawachasa, banokusilela ngenxa yokuba uRjaya Sabba akaboleki kwimicimbi enjalo, kodwa iqela alisoloko likho. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo ifuna ukulungiselela okupheleleyo okuvela kwilungu elingokwasemthethweni, ukunxibelelana neengcaphephe, kunye nokuxoxisana noosoma-procccol-eans (ezininzi ze-MP) eziphumele ngokufanelekileyo, ngenxa ye-ovimba-mali, iziphumo esikhulu soogqwebonke (ngeso si-om).

Imisebenzi Yemali Enzima

IGatya 117 lomGaqo-siseko lifuna ukuba inkcitho ebandakanya inkcitho kwiNgxowa-mali eQongongongozelekileyo yaseIndiya iqaliswe kuphela ngengcebiso kamongameli, nto leyo ethetha inkxaso karhulumente. Ngenxa yokuba amalungu amaninzi azimeleyo echaza amaqhinga amatsha okanye iinkqubo, avele avalwe ngaphandle kokuba urhulumente uwacimile. Lo ngumqobo omkhulu obangela ukuba angabi namali aneleyo.

Ukuguqula Iibhili ezingaphumelelanga Zibe Ngumphumo Womgaqo-nkqubo

Kwanaxa iBhili yamaLungu ingabi ngumthetho, inokuba nempembelelo enamandla. Imali eninzi esetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni eyaziswa ngu Rajiya Sabhaha yakhokelela kutshintsho olubalulekileyo lwenkqubo. Umzekelo:

  • Ilungu elifakelweyo M.P. Veerendra Kumar lasungula irejista yokulawula ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki ngo 1999, eyathi kamva yayila isiseko soLawulo lwePlastic Waste Imithetho.
  • [[FLT: 0] Raja Sabra ilungu le-K.S. Gill wasungula isibhengezo somthetho wokuzingela ngezandla ngo 1993, unceda ukuqhubela phambili umthetho karhulumente kulo mba.
  • Ukhuseleko lwamalungelo abantu kunye noMthetho wokukhubazeka, 2016 wafumana ngamandla kwiBhili zangaphambili zamalungu azimeleyo ezasuswa kwiRajiya Sabha.

Imizekelo enjalo ibonisa amandla eeBhili zamalungu azimeleyo asebenza njengezinto ezibangela utshintsho lowiso-mthetho , kwanaxa zingayigqibi inkqubo esesikweni yokumisela.

Ukucetyiswa Kotshintsho Ukuze Aqinise Imiyalelo Yamalungu Afihlakeleyo

Ngenxa yokuxabiseka kwazo kwedemokhrasi, iikomiti ezininzi zepalamente kunye neengcaphephe zomthetho ziye zacela utshintsho ukuze kwenziwe iiBhili zaMalungu ezizimeleyo zibe luncedo.

Ngexa kungekho nanye kwezi nguqulelo iphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo, iRaje Sabra iye yabhenela ngakumbi ngokupapasha iiBhili zamalungu azimeleyo kwi-intanethi nangokunika inkxaso yezomthetho kumalungu i-Lok Sabba Secreatting Cell (ekwakukwanceda i Rajya Sabra).

Intsingiselo Ebanzi Kulawulo - melo LwamaIndiya

Ubuchule bukaRaje Sabra bokungenisa nokudlulisa iiBhili zamaLungu angasese bungaphezulu nje kobuGawulayo; busisiseko sedemokhrasi esempilweni yepalamente. Iqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yowiso-mthetho ayilawulwa ngumphathi olawulayo kwaye onke amalungu endlu ephezulu anendlela engqalileyo yokucebisa izicombululo zokucinezela iimbambano zesizwe. Eli gunya liqinisa umgaqo wokumela imigaqo-nkqubo yomelo. Eli qela liyakwazi ukuvakalisa inkxalabo yamazwe abo, uluntu, okanye ibutho labantu elicekelwe phantsi ngolwimi lwe-Rogractical. Ngaphezu koko, likhuthaza impucuko yengxoxo kunye nokucophelela, apho iingcamango zivavanywa ngokuchasene neempikiswano, hayi nje imigca. Ngexesha xa ubuchule bomthetho busoloko budityaniswa, ukulondolozwa nokuqinisa amaLungu eebulungu azimeleyo eencwadi e-Othoni.

Isiphelo: Isixhobo Esiphantsi Sekunjalo Esibalulekileyo Somthetho

Amandla eRajeya Sabba okuzisa nokudlulisa iiBhili-malungu ezi-Ofisi ze-Ofisi ithatha indawo eyodwa kulwakhiwo lomgaqo-siseko waseIndiya. Ngoxa umlinganiselo wempumelelo yamatyala anjalo uhlala usezantsi ngenxa ye-procededal nemithetho yezobupolitika, ixabiso lawo aliphelelanga ekubeni ngumthetho kuphela kodwa likwintetho ekhuthazayo, ibalaselisa iimbambano, kwaye igcine urhulumente enetyala. IRajiya Sabba, nobuchule bayo obuphezulu kunye nobuntu obuzimeleyo, ngokungokongokoko kusetyenziswa ngokunempumelelo kakhulu kunaleyo iLok Sabhaha, imisela imizekelo yendlela umthetho olawula ngayo i-palikhi yesizwe. Kuba iPalamente ibonise ngokwenene ukuthanda kwabantu, eli gunya limele likhuliswe, lingakhuliswe, lingakhuliswangazeli. Njengoko abantu besazi indima yabo ekwalobucala loburhulumente bobucala bobucala bomthetho we-orhulumente bobucala, besincediselu luncedo soburhulumente boburhulumente boburhulumente boburhulumente bobucala.

Ukuphinda ufunde, bhekisa kwi Uphando lwemithetho ye-PRS kugcino-lwazi oluneenkcukacha kuMalungu Ozimeleyo, kunye negosa Rajya Sabba Webhsayithi[ yemithetho ebhaliweyo kunye neengxelo zembali. Ngokubhekele phandle, uhlalutyo olubanzi lweziBhili zamalungu aphumelelayo azimeleyo lufumaneka ngaphaya kwenqaku le-Hindu[[FLT:]