Isebe lowiso-mthetho lorhulumente waseUnited States lithwele imbopheleleko eyintloko yokwenza imithetho yesizwe. Ityunjwe liQumrhu I lomGaqo-siseko wase-U.S., iKhomishini lisiseko seRiphabliki yaseMerika, eliyilelwe ukuba libe lelona sebe linamandla nelona limela urhulumente karhulumente worhulumente. Kubafundisi, abafundi, nabemi, beqonda indlela elisebe elisebenza ngayo liyimfuneko ukuze lithathe inxaxheba yezentlalo-ntlalo nokuze liqonde isiseko semigaqo yedemokhrasi yaseMelika.

Abaqulunqi bomGaqo-siseko bamisela ngabom isebe lowiso-mthetho ukuba libe lelokuqala nelona libalulekileyo kwisebe likarhulumente. Inqaku Ilelona lide nelinenkcukacha ezisixhenxe, elibonisa inkolelo yokuba indlu yowiso-mthetho, njengelizwi labantu, ifanele igcine indawo esemgangathweni kurhulumente omtsha. Isebe lowiso-mthetho lijongene nokwenza imithetho, kodwa igunya lalo lifikelele ngaphaya koko. Liphethe amandla emalini engxowayo ukuze libonelele imisebenzi karhulumente, namandla okukhupha imfazwe, namandla okususa amagosa esizwe. Likwasebenza njengovavanyo kurhulumente olawulayo namasebe agwebayo, liqinisekisa ukuba akukho sebe elinye elinamandla kakhulu. Ukuqonda inkqubo, inkqubo, kunye namandla eBhunga-Carvers kubaluleke ukuqonda indlela elungeleneyo i-United States.

Liyintoni Isebe Elilawulayo?

Isebe lowiso-mthetho linguqu lorhulumente wesizwe. Lilungu lendlu yowiso-mthetho ye-bamaral, elithetha ukuba linamagumbi amabini ahlukeneyo: iNdlu yabameli kunye neNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso. Ndawo nganye, la magumbi omabini abumba iUnited States Congress. Isakhiwo se-chamber saba yisiphumo esingqalileyo sokuLahla kweNkulu yowe-1787, eyasombulula impikiswano esisiseko phakathi kwamaphondo amakhulu, afuna ukumelelwa koluntu, kunye namazwe amancinane, afuna ukumela okufanayo. Ukulala kwenkqubo apho zombini imigaqo ikhoyo:

  • Indlu yabameli: umelo lulungelelanisiwe kubemi bakarhulumente, lunika amazwana aninzi impembelelo engakumbi kweligumbi.
  • I-I-ICT: Umbuso ngamnye, nokuba bubungakanani okanye bani babemi, ufumana kanye ii-intshi ezimbini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaphondo amancinci anelizwi elilinganayo kwigumbi eliphezulu.

Esi sakhiwo se-bimeral sayilwa ngabom ukwenza inkqubo ye- yokuhlola kunye nomlinganiselo phakathi kwesebe lowiso-mthetho ngokwalo. Umthetho kufuneka udlule omabini amaziko afanayo phambi kokuba athunyelwe kuMongameli, unyanzelisa ukuvumelana okubanzi kunye nokunciphisa inkqubo yomthetho ukuthintela ukwenza umthetho ngokungxama okanye ngokungekho mthethweni.

Ukwakhiwa KwamaBhunga

Indlu Yabameli: Ikomkhulu Labantu

Indlu yabameli idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "Indlu Yabantu" ngenxa yokuba amalungu ayo anyulwa ngqo ngabantu kwisithili sawo. Kumalungu angama-435 okuvota, iNdlu ikhule kwaye ilungelelaniswe ngakumbi kula magumbi mabini. Inani labameli abafunyanwa ngurhulumente ngamnye lixhomekeke kubalo-mali lwaminyaka elishumi. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba umahluko wokubonisa utshintsho lwabemi kulo lonke ilizwe.

Ummeli ngamnye ukhonza igama leminyaka emibini, elithetha ukuba basoloko benoxanduva kwizixhobo zabo. Eli gama lifutshane lenzelwe ukugcina abameli bebotshelelwe kufutshane kukuthanda kwabantu kwaye besabela kuluvo lukawonke-wonke. Indlu isebenza phantsi kwemida engqongqo yexesha lengxoxo kwaye ixhomekeke kakhulu kwiKomiti yeMithetho ukulawula ukuqhubekeka komthetho kumgangatho. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, iNdlu yendlu iqhele ukuba ibe yeyobucukubhede obukhulu kwaye ilungelelene nomthetho kuneBharha.

Indlu inemikhosi emininzi engaqhelekanga engadibaniyo neBhunga leNtlanganiso:

  • Ukusetyenziswa kwengeniso yeeBhili zeNgeniso: zonke izibhaso zokunyusa ingeniso kufuneka zivele kwindlu, amandla aqinisa umgaqo we-"akukho rhafu ngaphandle kokumela."
  • [ Amandla okungagqibeleli: Indlu inamandla okuphela kokungawathobeli amagosa karhulumente, kuquka uMongameli. Ukucelw'ityala kusesikweni wokunganyaniseki, ngokufanayo netyala lolwaphulo-mthetho.
  • Unyulo loMongameli kukhetho oluNxulumanisiweyo: Ukuba akukho mvoti ufumana uninzi lwevoti zonyulo, iNdlu ikhetha uMongameli, ngegqiza ngalinye lengingqi yesizwe livota enye.

IBhunga Leengqungquthela: Icandelo Eliphezulu

ICathenal incinane kumagumbi amabini, ekhiwe ngamalungu ali-100, kunye nee-senator ezimbini ezivela kwiphondo ngalinye. Amalungu asebenzisa amagama eminyaka emithandathu, kwaye unyulo luyashukuma ukuze malunga nesinye sesithathu seBhunga lonyulo lunyuselwe ukuphinda lunyuswe rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini. Eli xesha lide linye nomjikelo wonyulo belicelwe ukunikezela ngozinzo nokuqhubekeka kwinkqubo yomthetho, ukukhusela abaquququzeleli bemi boluvo lukawonke-wonke-wonke olunokuchaphazela iNdlu.

IBhunga leNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtsimbi zeNdlu yeMimandla yayisenzelwe ukuba libe lilungu elizinzileyo, indawo apho umthetho unokuqwalaselwa kakuhle nalapho abaququzeleli benokuthi bathathe imbono ende yentlalo. Imithetho yeNdlu yeNdlu yeQela ibonisa le ndawo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokungafaniyo neNdlu yeNdlu yeNdlu yeeNdlela, isebenza ngemiqathango engekho mthethweni encinci. Oku kuvumela ukuba ingxubusho ebanzi nokuhlenga komthetho kodwa kwakhona kukhokelele ekusetyenzisweni kwe- filibuster[, iqhinga elivumela i-sentene ye-yongcet'egssion okanye ivoti ukuba ivumele ivoti ukuba ivumela i-ontine-m kwingxelo yemali ngokuthetha ngokungapheliyo okanye ngokungavumi ukuvelisa umgangatho.

IBhunga linegunya elikhethekileyo:

  • Ukuqinisekiswa kweZigqibo zoMongameli: INdlu yeNdlu yeNtsimbi iqinisekisa ukumiswa okungundoqo kwesebe elilawulayo kunye nokugweba, kuquka amalungu eKhabhinethi, abagwebi bephondo, nabagwebi beNkundla ePhakamileyo, ngovoti-ninzi.
  • Ukuqulunqwa kweTreaties: UMongameli angathethana nezivumelwano namazwe asemzini, kodwa kufuneka agunyaziswe ngabaninzi abalishumi elinesithathu kwindlu yendlu yemikhosi ukuze babe yisibopho.
  • [[Uvavanyo oluzinzileyo: 0] Uvavanyo olucetyiswayo: IBhunga liqhuba ukuvavanywa kwalo naliphi na igosa elicetyisiweyo yindlu. Ukuvota okuzii-3 ezimbini kwiBhunga lendlu kuyafuneka ukuze kukhutshwe ukunyanzeleka nokususwa eofisini.

Ukhokelo Kwingqungquthela

Omabini amagumbi anemibutho eqinileyo yolawulo elungelelanisa ucwangciso lwemithetho kunye nokulawula ukuqhubekeka kweshishini. Endlubeni, uSithethi seNdlu ngumphathi-mikhosi owongamelayo kwaye unyulwa liqela elikhulu. USithethi ngoyena mntu unamandla kwiNdlu, ukulawula ikhalenda yowiso-mthetho kunye nokwabela iibhunga-mali kwiikomiti. KwiNdlu yeNdlu, [[FLT:] uMongameli we-VCentu we-United States[[FLT] ukhonza njengoMongameli weNsungulo kodwa uvote kuphela ukuba aphule utha uthathiso. Inkokeli yemithetho-Majorrence [[FLT]] ingulowo onempembelelo kakhulu kwi-Scoast, i-ogractives proces yomthetho.

Uhambo Lwencwadi: Indlela Owenziwe Ngayo Umthetho

Inkqubo yokwenza umthetho luhambo olude noluntsonkothileyo olufuna uxokelelwano, ulalaniso, kunye nesivumelwano esibanzi. Abakheli befreyim ngabom badala inkqubo enezinyuko ezininzi kunye nemiqobo, ngokufuthi bachazwa njenge "iiichecks kunye nezikali ezisebenzayo""ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthetho oqwalaselwe ngenyameko noxhaswa ngokubanzi kuphela uba ngumthetho. Le nkqubo imiselwe ngokusemthethweni kwindlu kunye neBhunga kwaye iguquke kwiinkulungwane ezininzi zoqheliselo.

Inyathelo 1: Udrafti nokwazisa

Phambi kokuba iBhunga liqwalasele isindululo, omnye kufuneka aqale asiqwalasele. Intetho yomthetho ingavela kwimithombo emininzi: ilungu leBhunga, ikomiti, uMongameli, amasebe aphetheyo, amaqela enzala, okanye abemi abaqhelekileyo. Noko ke, lilungu leBhunga kuphela elinokwazisa ngokusesikweni isiko kwigumbi labo lokuhlala. EHouse, ummeli uwisa isibhengezo kwi-"Preat" kufutshane nedesika yomabhalane. KwiCamplate, umququzeleli uvakalisa ngokucacileyo isiqalo semali phantsi. Xa nje sithe saziswa, isibhengezo somthetho sinikwa inani (umz. H.R. 1 okanye S.1) kwaye sishicilelwa ukuba sisasazwe.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Isenzo seKomiti kunye nokuphawula

Kulapho uninzi olukhulu lomsebenzi wowiso-mthetho lwenzeka khona. USithethi okanye umphathi-mikhosi olawulayo ubhekisa umthetho kwikomiti emileyo enegunya phezu kombandela wayo. Umzekelo, umthetho ophathelele ukuxhasa imali yezolimo ubhekiswa kwiKomiti yeNdlu okanye yeNdlu ye-Etheminoloji. Iikomiti ze "iinqwelo-moya" zeNkqutyana. Zineendlebe zokuqokelela ulwazi kunonophengululi besebe, amagosa aphethe amasebe, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Emva kokuva, ikomiti iphethe intlanganiso ye-mathematilo [, apho amalungu ahamba ngomgca weminxeba, anikela iingxelo kunye nohlazinzo.

Emva kokuchongwa, ikomiti ivota ukuba ingawunikela na ingxelo lomthetho kwigumbi elipheleleyo. Ukuba ikomiti ivotela ukuvuma ityala, kuxelwe ingxelo ngengxelo esesikweni echaza izenzo neingcebiso zekomiti. Noko ke, iindleko ezininzi azizenzi ngaphandle kwekomiti. Ikomiti isenokukhetha ukungawuhoyi umthetho, ukubulala ngokunempumelelo. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi "pigeonholing"."

Inyathelo 3: Ingxoxo ehambayo kunye nolwakhiwo

Xa ityala lithe laxelwa livela kwikomiti, libekwa kwikhalenda yowiso-mthetho ukuze kuxoxwe ngayo yi-gumbi elipheleleyo. Imithetho yengxoxo iyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwendlu neNdlu yeeNtsimbi.

Endlukeni:[[FLT 1] IKomiti yeMimiselo idlala indima esembindini ngokukhupha "umthetho" omisela iparameters zengxoxo. Umthetho umisela ixesha eliza kuvunyelwa ukuba kuxoxwe ngalo, zingaphi izilungisi ezinokunikelwa, nokuba izilungisi kufuneka zibe yi-ibhomelene (umthetho) kusini na. Oku kulawula ngokungqongqo kuvumela iNdlu yendlu ukuba iqhube umqulu omkhulu wemithetho kodwa kuthintele amandla amalungu ngamanye ukuba alungise umbango kumgangatho.

[[NKQUBO:0] KwiNgqabano yeNdlu yeNtlanganiso: isoloko ivulekile kwaye ingenziwanga kakuhle. Abaququzeleli bangathetha ixesha elide xa bethanda, kwaye iziphumo azifuneki ukuba zibe negunya ngaphandle kokuba iNtlanga isebenza phantsi kwesivumelwano esikhethekileyo. Le nkqubo ivulekileyo ivumela ifilibuster[, apho i-i-sentene okanye iqela le-senator okanye iqela le-senator linokulibazisa ukuvota ngokuqhubeka ukuthetha. Ingqungquthela iphela ngokukhutshwa [FFLT:5], efuna i-fftmasput [octals], apho i-fftmas ekhulu (okanye neqela elikhulu) lomgangatho ophezulu womgangatho womda wolawulo lwe-100) i-e-e-enotems.

IQhosha leQumrhu leQuelelo: IFilibuster kunye ne-60-Vote Menuta. I-monicbuster yenye yezona mpawu zahlukileyo zeNdlu yeNdlu. Ngelixesha ingakhankanywanga ngokucacileyo kumGaqo-siseko, i-Recilletbuster iguqukele kwisixhobo esinamandla ukwenzela iqela elincinane ukuvala umthetho. Ukuqhelisa, isisongelo se-picbuster sithetha ukuba eyona tyala ibalulekileyo kwiNdlundlu kufuneka amavoti angama-60 aphumele evoti, ngokunelisayo imfuneko enkulu yezenzo ezininzi zomthetho womthetho.

Emva kokuphela kwengxoxo, igumbi lokuvota kwimali nakweyiphina iprojekthi elindileyo. Uninzi lwamalungu asebenzayo ayavota ukuze ityala lidlule amaqondo amaninzi. Xa irejista idlula elinye igumbi, ithunyelwa kwenye igumbi ukuze idlulele kwenye inkqubo efanayo.

Inyathelo 4: Ukulungisa Umahluko (Ikomiti Yolwalamano)

Ngenxa yokuba iNdlu kunye neNdlu yeNdlu yeNtlanganiso kufuneka idlulise uhlobo olufanayo lwesivumelwano ukuze ibe ngumthetho, iingxabano ezibalulekileyo kufuneka zicombulule. Ukuba igumbi lesibini lidlulise uhlobo olwahlukileyo lomthetho, ityala lithunyelwa kwikomiti evumelanisayo [ikomiti enye]. Ikomiti yengqungquthela yikomiti yexeshana eqanjwe ngamalungu aphezulu asuka kuzo zombini iNdlu kunye neNdlulo-Ndlu. Abaqulumbi bayadibana ukuze baxulumane baze bacombulule ukungavisisani phakathi kweenguqulelo ezimbini zemali. Bavelisa ulwano olunye, olwaziwayo njengengxelo, emele luvunywe ngamagumbi omabini afanayo. Imiqathango entsinga kwingqungquthelanala ecwangcilwayo ayivunyelwanga kuvunyelwengavunyelwa yingxelo yomthetho jikelele; iyaqululo-o-o-ok ’ erhotyeni.

Inyathelo 5: Isenzo sombutho

Lakuba lagqithile la magumbi omabini lale mali ifanayo, iyabhaliswa ize ithunyelwe kuMongameli waseUnited States. UMongameli uneenketho ezintathu:

  • [[Umthetho:0] Uphawu lomthetho: Imali iba ngumthetho ngoko nangoko kutyikityo lukaMongameli.
  • [[FLT: 0] Unyuso lomthetho: uMongameli ubuyisela uxwebhu kwi Congress nomyalezo weveto echaza ukuphikisa. Ingqungquthela ingawugqitha uvotelo lwenani elipheleleyo kwindlu nendlu, umqobo onzima kodwa ongewona unzima.
  • Ungathathi nyathelo (ipocet vento): Ukuba uMongameli akathathi nyathelo iintsuku ezilishumi ngexesha iBhunga likwintlanganiso, ityala liba ngumthetho ngokuzenzekelayo. Noko ke, ukuba iBhunga limisa imida ngexesha losuku olulishumi, umthetho uyafa. Oku kwaziwa njenge "pocket" ngenxa yokuba ayinakubekwa yiBhunga.

Amandla EeKomiti Zengqungquthela

IiKomiti zidla ngokuchazwa njenge "amaziko aphantsi" okanye "amahashe omsebenzi" eNgqungquthela. Zivumela ukwahlulwa komsebenzi, kuvumela amalungu ukuba afunde kwiinkalo ezithile zomgaqo-nkqubo ezifana nezolimo, ukhuseleko, inkcitho, okanye imfundo. Kukho iintlobo ezine ezingundoqo zeekomiti kwiBhunga-ngqungquthela:

  • Iikomiti ezimisayo: Ezi ziikomiti ezisisigxina ezikhoyo ukusuka kwenye iKhonkcotho ukuya kwenye. Zinolawulo lowiso-mthetho kummandla othile wemibandela. Imizekelo iquka iKomiti yeNdlu yeNdlela neMathelo (iirhafu nengeniso), iKomiti yeNtlalo-ntle yeeNtlalo-ntle (inkqubo yolawulo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe), kunye neKomiti yeNdlundlwano (inkxaso-mali yeNdlundlwane yeNdlundlwane). Ikomiti ezininzi ezimileyo nazo zineekhompatho ezijongeneentloko ezitso ezincinane kwimithetho ephakamileyo yekomiti.
  • Iikomiti ezidibeneyo:[ Ezi komiti ziquka amalungu avela kwindlu kunye neNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso. Ziye zadalelwa ukuqhuba izifundo okanye uphando kwaye azinagunya lowiso-mthetho. Imizekelo iquka iKomiti yezezoqoqosho eManyeneyo neKomiti eQhebeneyo eMasipala.
  • Ezi ziikomiti ezikhethekileyo okanye eziKhethayo: ezimiselwe injongo ethile, efana nokuphengulula umba othile okanye ukuqhuba isifundo. Zisenokungagunya-mthetho. Umzekelo, kungasekwa ikomiti ekhethekileyo ukuphanda impendulo kwintlekele yesizwe.
  • IiKomiti zoConference: Njengoko kuchazwe ngaphambili, ezi ziikomiti zokwexeshana zenzelwe ukuxolelanisa umahluko phakathi kweNdlu yendlu neNdlu yeeNtlanganiso. Xa zivelisa ingxelo yengqungquthela, ikomiti iyacola.

IiKomiti zinamandla abalulekileyo. Zingawabeka phantsi amangqina namaxwebhu, zijonge abantu abajongelwe phantsi yiBhunga ngenxa yokusilela ukuthobela, kunye nokuva ulawulo kumsebenzi wamasebe karhulumente. Isitulo sokubophelela sisikhundla esinamandla, esidla ngokunikwa ilungu eliyintloko leqela. Isitulo silawula ucwangciso lwekomiti, sigqiba ixesha lokuva nokunyusa, nokuphatha abasebenzi bekomiti.

Amandla Abanzi Engqungquthela

Ngoxa ukubekwa komthetho kungumsebenzi obonakalayo weBhunga, umGaqo-siseko unika iNgqungquthela iseti yamandla enziwa ibe yeyona sebe linamandla karhulumente worhulumente. La magunya adweliswe kwinqaku I, iCandelo lesi-8 lomGaqo-siseko kwaye anwenwe ngokutolikwa, ingakumbi [[FL:0] i-Nacessary ne-Monical Claus [, enika iBhunga igunya ukwenza yonke imithetho "eyimfuneko nefanelekileyo" yokuphatha amandla ayo aphindaphindiweyo.

Amandla Okuthenga

IKhomishini ilawula yonke imali nerhafu karhulumente. Indlu iqalisa ukusungula amatyala okuhlawula ityala, kwaye omabini amagumbi kufuneka avunywe. Akukho mali inokukhutshwa kwiveli-mali ngaphandle kokunikwa imvume ngumthetho. Eli gunya linika iNgqungquthela impembelelo enkulu kwisebe eliphetheyo kwakunye norhulumente wonke. IBhunga linokusebenzisa amandla alo okunikezela imali, ukuhlawula, ukukhuthuza, okanye indawo kwisenzo solawulo oluphezulu.

Amandla Okukhuthaza Urhwebo

IClaus yezorhwebo inika iBhunga amandla "okwalathisa urhwebo nezizwe zasemzini, kunye namaZwe aliqela, kunye nezizwe zamaIndiya. Eli binzana liye lachazwa ngokubanzi ukutyhubela iminyaka kwaye lisebenza njengesiseko somGaqo-siseko soludwe lwemithetho karhulumente, kuquka imigaqo yemekobume, imigangatho yokusebenza, imithetho yamalungelo abantu, kunye nemigaqo yokukhusela abathengi.

Amandla Okuvakalisa Imfazwe Nokunyusa Imikhosi

IBhunga linamandla okubhengeza imfazwe, ukuphakamisa nokuxhasa imikhosi, ukulungiselela nokugcina imikhosi yamanzi, nokumisela imithetho yolawulo lwamajoni axhobileyo. Ngelixesha uMongameli enguMthetheli-Mphathi-Mkhosi, amandla okuxhasa nokugunyazisa inyathelo lomkhosi kuxhomekeke kwiBhunga. Isigqibo semfazwe se1903 sichaza ulwalamano phakathi kweBhunga kunye noMongameli ekuqhubeni iU.S.

Ukungakhathalelwa Nokushenxiswa

IBhunga lihlola amasebe aphezulu ngenkqubo yokungavumelani. Indlu iphosa amabanjwa, kunye namabanjwa endlu yendlu. Eli gunya lidlulela kuMongameli, kuMongameli onguMongameli, nakuwo onke amagunya asekuhlaleni eUnited States, kuquka abagwebi borhulumente. Ligunya lokususa uMongameli ohleliyo okanye umlawuli weNkundla ePhakamileyo lisixhobo somgaqo-siseko esinzulu esilungiselelwe ukuthetha nge "Isizathu, Isifumba-mali, okanye abanye abaPhakathi beMisdemi

Ukulawula Nophando

IBhunga linamandla aphangaleleyo okuphanda imicimbi enxulumene nemisebenzi yalo yowiso-mthetho. Iikomiti zeBhunga-mthetho zinokuqulatha ukuchongwa, amangqina namaxwebhu angaphantsi, zize zihlole imisebenzi yamasebe alawulayo. Lo msebenzi wobuveleli ubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imithetho iphunyezwe njengoko kucetyiwe, nokuba isebe eliphetheyo limele liphendule kubantu.

Iindlela Zokukhangela Nokulungelelana: Ukusikel ’ Amandla

Isebe lowiso-mthetho lifakwe ngokunzulu kwinkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela okuchaza urhulumente wase-United States. Abafaki-faya babewaphaphele amandla agqithiseleyo, ngoko banika isebe ngalinye izinto zokuhlola amanye.

Indlela Ingqungquthela Elijonga Ngayo Isebe Elilawulayo

  • [[Umthetho:0] Ukwenza umthetho: UMongameli angacebisa umthetho, kodwa kuphela iBhunga elinokumiselwa.
  • I-Veto Engasebenzisiyo: Congress zingayigqitha iveto engumongameli kunye nevoti ezimbini-ntathu kumagumbi omabini.
  • Ukuqinisekisa: Indlu yeQela iqinisekisa okanye iyalwa ukubekwa komongameli.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Indlu yeQela iqinisekisa izivumelwano ngevoti ezimbini-3.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Ingcebiso: ingxube-ngqungquthela ingamsusa uMongameli kunye namanye amagosa aphezulu.
  • [[UMTL:0] Amandla ePurse: ulawulo lwemali yemisebenzi yesebe eliphetheyo.
  • [[UMKQUBO: 0] Ingqungquthela iphanda izenzo zesebe eliphetheyo.

Indlela Ingqungquthela Elijonga Ngayo Isebe Eligwebayo

  • Ingcebiso isenokungatyikitya kwaye isuse iijaji zezwe.
  • Iziqinisekiso: IBhunga leNtsimbi liqinisekisa okanye liyalwala ukumiselwa kwezahlulelo.
  • I- I-Congress yeNkundla: imisa iinkundla ezisezantsi ze-ocean ze-arhente kwaye imisela igunya lazo.
  • Ukuguqula umGaqo-siseko: Congress ingacebisa izindululo zomgaqo-siseko zokubhukuqa izigqibo zogwebo.

Ukusebenzisana nesebe Lomthetho

Ukuqonda isebe lowiso-mthetho asiyonto nje efundiswayo; kodwa kufuneka ukuba abe ngabemi abakhutheleyo.

Ukuvota kunyulo yeyona ndlela ingundoqo yokuthatha inxaxheba. Abami banyula abameli babo kunye nee-senetars rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini. Unyulo lwe Midterm, olwenzeka phakathi konyulo lomongameli, lubaluleke kakhulu ekulungiseni ukwenziwa kweBhunga kunye nodweliso lwalo lwemithetho-siseko. Abami bangaphinda badibanise abameli babo ngqo ngomnxeba, nge-email, okanye ileta. Amalungu amaninzi eBhunga ledolophu aba neentlanganiso zeholo yedolophu kwimimandla yabo ukuva ngqo ukusuka kuma-1963.

Umthetho wokufumana imvume ulula kakhulu ngobugcisa bezi mini. Iwebsite ikhowuda.gov inika umbhalo opheleleyo wemali nezigqibo, iingxelo zekomiti, izenzo zomgangatho, neengxelo zokuvota. Izakhamuzi zingakhangela iindleko ezithile, zilandele inkqubela yazo kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho, zibone indlela abameli bazo abavote ngayo. Indlu yoomeli kunye [FLT: 4.]

Ukuze baqonde ngokunzulu umgaqo-siseko olawula isebe lowiso-mthetho, abafundi bangajonga irekhodi yogcino-lwazi lobuzwe ye-U.S. . Inqaku ndinika imithetho esisiseko yendlela iBhunga elilungelelaniswe ngayo kwaye oko lingakwazi ukukwenza. USA.gov Legislative traptary brants transfer[[ likwanika inkcacitho eluncedo yeBhunga labafundi nabemi.

Isiphelo

Isebe lowiso-mthetho lorhulumente wase-United States linegunya elinamandla, elintsonkothileyo, kwaye licotha ngemposiso. Layilwa ukuba liphendule abantu ngeNdlu yabameli, lizinzile kwaye linyanzelwe yinkqubo yee-checks kunye nezingqiniselo. Inkqubo yokwenza umthetho ifuna ukwakhiwa, ukuququzelelwa, ukuququzelelwa, nokulalanisa kumacala ahlukeneyo eenjongo. Ukuqonda isakhiwo seBhunga, uhambo lwesivumelwano, umgama wesivumelwano, kunye namandla abanzi anikwe indlu yowiso-mthetho ayimfuneko kuye nabani na ofuna ukuqonda indlela elawulwa ngayo iUnited States. Kubafundi nabafundisi-othisha, ukuhlola isebe lomthetho kulungiselela unxulumano olungqalileyo lwemigaqo-demokhrasi namalungelo obumi kwibutho labantu.