Amanyathelo Alula Okuqonda Indlela Ezitsalwa Ngayo Imigca Yesithili

Ukuqonda indlela ezizotywa ngayo iintambo zesithili kubalulekile ekuqondeni inkqubo yezopolitiko eUnited States. Le mida imisela umelo kwiBhunga, kwizindlu zowiso-mthetho, nakumabhunga asekuhlaleni, ukuphembelela ngqo iziphumo zonyulo kunye nezigqibo zenkqubo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya uthotho lwamanyathelo, iingxilongo ezisemthethweni, kunye neempembelelo zezobupolitika ezinokuchaphazela ngokuphawulekayo abantu kunye nolawulo. Ngoxa kudla ngokubakho ubugcisa, isiseko sifikeleleka nako nawuphi na ummi onomdla kwindlela ilizwi lawo elinyuselwe ngayo − okanye lithunyaziswa ngayo ngokuzobachola iimaphu.

Kwiminyaka elishumi, emva kobalo lwabadlali abaphezulu e-U.S., amatyala kufuneka aphinde atsale imiqathango yawo yowiso-mthetho kunye nemimandla eqeshisayo ukuze aphendule amanyathelo atshintshileyo. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-redifoliforming, ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo ekuphenduleni idemokhrasi. Kodwa idla ngokuqondwa kakubi, maxa wambi ngempazamo ngabadlali abazimeleyo. Eli nqaku lizaphula iziqalelo ezingundoqo: ukuba ziziphi iintambo zesithili, indlela ezizotywa ngayo, imithetho esemthethweni elawulayo, ingxaki yokulawula i-gerrymanderning, kunye neendlela eziluncedo zabemi ezinokubandakanyekayo. Ngesiphelo, uya kuba nokuqonda okucacileyo, okusekelwe kwinkoliso lwe-demokhrasi ye-Melika.

Yintoni Imigca Yesithili?

Imigca yesithili yimida yelizwe eyahlula imo okanye ummandla ube ngamaqela ahlukeneyo. Injongo yawo kukwabela umelo kumaqumrhu owiso-mthetho ngendlela ephantse yalingana. Kwindlu yabameli yase-U.S. urhulumente ngamnye ufumana inani lezihlalo ezilinganayo kubemi bawo, kwaye kwiphondo ngalinye, isithili sitsalelwa ukuba sibe nenani elifanayo labantu. Lo mgaqo mnye usebenza kurhulumente wesithili sowiso-mthetho, iikomishini zephondo, kunye namabhunga esixeko.

Le mida ayimi ndawonye; itshintsha emva kokuba ubalo lweminyaka emininzi lubonise apho abantu behlala khona. Isithili esiphulukana nabemi singadibana okanye sidibane nesithili esiselumelwaneni, ngelixesha indawo ekhula ngokukhawuleza isenokuhlulwa ibe zizithili ezininzi. Imo, ubungakanani, kunye nokwenziwa kwale migca kungaba neziphumo ezinzulu. Bangagqiba ukuba liliphi iqela elifumana uninzi lwezihlalo, nokuba ngaba abantu abambalwa banethuba elifanelekileyo lokukhetha abathathi nxaxheba, nendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo iimali ezifana nemisebenzi yesiseko sorhulumente nezixhobo ezisasazwa ngayo.

Imigca yesithili ikwanxulumene noluntu olunomdla . "Iingingqi zombini, amaqela eentlanga, okanye imimandla yezoqoqosho enxulumene neengxaki ezifanayo."Iidrowa zemaphu zizama ukugcina ezi mimandla ziqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilizwi leqela lazo alinyibiliki. Kodwa inyaniso kukuba ingqwalasela zezopolitiko, ubuchule bobugqeba, kunye neengxaki zomthetho zisoloko ziphazamisa ukufaneleka kokudityaniswa, ukudityaniswa kwemimandla edibeneyo.

Inkqubo yemigca yeSithili yokuzoba

Indima Yobalo

Inkqubo yokulungisa uqikelelo iqala ngokusemthethweni ngokhupho lwe-data ye-U.S., ngokwesiqhelo kunyaka olandela ukubalwa (umz., 2021 kubalo lwama-2020). I-Censunication Bureauniers inika amanani achazayo abemi kumgangatho webloko, apho imizobo yedayadi isebenzisa ukulungelelanisa imida. Amazwe kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba isithili ngasinye sinomlinganiselo olinganayo, imfuneko eyaziwa ngokuba “ngumntu omnye, ivoti enye” umgaqo, omiswe yinkundla ePhakamileyo kwiimeko ezifana [[FFLT:0]. i-Reynolds[FLT:]. [1964]) kunye [FLT:] i-sanderers v[FFFF:3] [3] [1964]

Ngubani Ozoba Imigca?

Igunya lokuzoba imigca yesithili liyahluka ngokwemeko. Kumaphondo amaninzi, indlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe inoxanduva lokuqala. Ngenxa yokuba iqela lolawulo lisoloko lifuna ukwandisa uncedo lwalo, eli lungiselelo lidala ungquzulwano olungokwemvelo lwenzala. Amanye amaphondo, noko ke, aye afudukela kwiikomishini yokuzimela okanye yokulungisa i-bipartis redi kumsebenzi wokunciphisa ukuphatha ngokugqwetha. Ngowama-2024, malunga nama-21 amazwe asebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwekombutho wombutho okanye ulawulo lwe-ogcontifidifini yoluntu, ngamaqondo ahlukeneyo okuzimela.

Umzobo wokoqobo wenziwe ngabadwelisi bemaphu, abaqeshi, okanye abacebisi be-software abaqeshiweyo, kodwa imvume yokugqibela isekho nendlu yowiso-mthetho okanye i-ofisi. Kumaphondo angoorhulumente abahlukeneyo, inkqubo isenokuvalwa, maxa wambi ishiye imaphu ʽakhutshelwa kwiinkundla. Umzekelo, emva kokuba kubhaliwe kuma-waka ama-202020, amaphondo aliqela njenge-Ohio naseMntla Carolina abona iimfazwe ezingokwasemthethweni ngaphezu kwe-gerrymanring eyaphela igqitywe ziinkundla ezinkulu okanye amaqela orhulumente.

Imida kunye nezithintelo

Iidrowa zemapu kufuneka zilungelelanise imiqathango emininzi ekhuphisanayo. Umthetho woManyano kufuneka ulinganise inani labantu kunye nokuthobela uMthetho wamaLungelo, oweyisa ukuzoba imigca edambisa amandla okuvota amaqela amancinane esizwe okanye olwimi. Amazwe amaninzi amisela imithetho eyongezelelekileyo, efana nokukhuphisana (zonke iindawo zesithili kufuneka zidibane ngokwasemzimbeni), ukudityaniswa (iindawo ezidityaniswe ngokwendalo, zingayiyo ngokwendlela engaqhelekanga), kwaye kuhlonelwa ulwahluzo lwezobupolitika olufana nolwahluzo kunye nezixeko. Amanye amazwe ade afune ukuba imimandla ibe “yokhuphiswano oluqhelekileyo" okanye ilandela imida yendalo njengemilambo kunye noohola.

Ngoko, ezi zicwangciso zisoloko zingqubana. Isithili esingqukuva esiphezulu singahlula uluntu lwenzala, ngexa isithili esineengingqi ezijongene nemigca yengingqi sinokuba neemeko ezingalinganiyo zabemi. Indlela apho imigangatho ibekwa khona ngokutsha ngokumiselweyo, kwaye iqondo ezinyanzelelwa kulo .ukumamisa ngokuphawulekayo imaphu yokugqibela. Ngokomzekelo, eOhio, umgaqo-siseko wephondo ufuna ukuba imigca yesithili “ingabinamdla okanye ingalifuni naliphi iqela lezobupolitika,” ilungiselelo ebelingumbandela wemfazwe ezininzi zenkundla.

Iimfuno ezingokwasemthethweni nezezomGaqo-siseko

ISivumelwano samaLungelo

IVoing Rights Act ka 1965 (VRA) ngumthetho omnye obaluleke kakhulu karhulumente ochaphazela ukuvuleka. Icandelo 2 lithintela nawuphi na umkhwa wokuvota ophumela ekukhanyeni okanye ekungahlawulwani kwamalungelo okuvota ngenxa yebala, umbala, okanye umgangatho ophakathi. Ngokuvuleka, oku kuthetha ukuba iidrowa zemaphu azinakukwazi ukuphungula ngabom uluntu oluncinane kwimimandla emininzi ukunciphisa amandla alo okuvota.

Izigqibo zeNkundla ePhakamileyo ziye zamisela uvavanyo lwesithathu lwengxelo yesizwe: ukuba ezi meko zihlangane, iqela elincinane kufuneka libe likhulu kwaye libe nemo yezulu eyaneleyo ukuba libumbe uninzi kwisithili esinye esingu 939; kufuneka lisebenzisane ngokwezobupolitika; kwaye uninzi kufuneka luvote ngokwaneleyo njengeqela ukuboyisa umndilili okhethwa liqela elincinane. Ukuba ezi meko zihlanganisiwe, imaphu kufuneka iquke isithili apho iqela elincinane linethuba lokukhetha ukhetho lwalo. Ngokufuthi libizwa “isithili elingunobufazi obuncinane."”

Umntu Omnye, Umntu Omnye

Abemi abalinganayo abafaneleki kwimimandla eqengqelekayo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo ibambelele kwimida yengingqi ukuba izithili zombutho kufuneka “ziphantse zilingane nakubemi njengoko kunokwenzeka,” ngokufuthi zifuna uphambuko olungaphantsi kwe-1% phakathi kwesithili esikhulu nesincinane. Izithili zemithetho-mthetho, imigangatho ikhululwe kancinci, ivumela ukuba i-10% iphambuke ngaphandle kokuba ulungiso lukhona. Kodwa kwaneziphendundu-mncinci zingamema ukudiza, njengoko kuboniswe ku [[FLT: 0] kwi-ewel. i-athott[[[FLT:]] (20) [20], apho iNkulawula iNkundla elawulayo ethi ichaze ukuba kusekelwe kwimimandla esekelwe kuluntu lonke kunokuba i-vonsolo.

Ukubethana kwemihlathi

Ngoxa ukusetyenziswa kobuhlanga kucacile ukuba akungomthetho, ukugweba okugqwethiweyo kuyindawo engacacanga. Ngo-2019, iNkundla ePhakamileyo egcinwe . Isizathu esiqhelekileyo esithetha ukuba isalatha-mbombo asifaneleki kwiinkundla zikarhulumente] iijaji zelizwe kuphela ze-mephu ngenxa yokuba i-oksi. Noko ke, iinkundla zikarhulumente zinokuwisa imigaqo-siseko ngokuchasene nochokodwa. Umzekelo, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yePennsylvania ikhuphe imaphu e-2018, njengomquququzeleli-geji wesi phantsi konyulo lwe-volo, kwaye iNkundla yeNkundla yezoNtlangala yesizwe ikwazi ukubetha i-mephu ye-20222.

Ukubetha Intliziyo: Ukwahlukana Nohlanga

Yintoni Isifo Samathambo?

IGrerymandering kukusetyenziswa kwemida yesithili ukunika iqela elinye okanye iqela uncedo lonyulo. Eli gama liqala emva ko1812, xa iGavent Elbridge Gerry yaseMassachusetts yasayina imaphu eyayiquka isithili se-isamanderà profile, ikhokelela iphephandaba ukunyusa i-portmanteau “gerrymer." Namhlanje, i-germaningering ithatha iifomu ezimbini ezingundoqo: i-axix kunye ne-styhin.

Patrisan gerrymaning kuxa iqela elilawula ukudityaniswa kwemigca lizoba izahlulo zalo siqu kwaye linciphise inkcaso, kwanaxa ivote yezwe ngokubanzi isondele ekukhetheni. Imephu “encopho" iquka abaxhasi bengingqi apho bembalwa khona, kwaye“bajijela” kwimimandla embalwa apho bawina khona ngokugqwesa, bedlala amavoti abo. Isiphumo sithetha ukuba imaphu“ ithandelwe kwiqela lemaphu.

[[FLT: 0] i-Garlimanding isebenzisa ugqatso njengendima yokuqala ekudweliseni iilayini, ngokufuthi ukudambisa amandla okuvota amaqela amancinane. Ngelixesha i VRA ithintela oku, ezinye iimaphu zibeka amahlelo amaqela amancinane esizwe kwimimandla ethile ukunciphisa impembelelo yawo kwenye indawo. IiNkundla zihlola ezi maphu phantsi kohlalutyo olungqongqo, kwaye ukuba ugqatso luyimeko “entlalo-”, imaphu ayihambisani nombango ngaphandle kokuba ithenjiswa nje nomdla onyanzelekileyo.

Imizekelo Yokuqhuba

Omnye wemizekelo yakutshanje edumileyo yimaphu yengqungquthela eMntla Carolina emva kobalo-manani lwangowama-2010. Ngonyaka ka-2016, inkundla karhulumente yafumanisa ukuba imaphu karhulumente itsale iziqithi ezibini ezimnyama, kodwa yaza yapakisha ezinye iiBlackwovota kwezo mimandla ukuze izenze ibala elijikeleza isithili elimhlophe kunye neRiphabliki engaphezulu. Inkundla yayalela ukuba kudweliswe imaphu entsha. Ngokufanayo, eMaryland, iDemocratic democracydiographicad diographication yatsala isithili yelizwe elidiza ukunqumla iDemoccotioc Revice, isenza “igean Revice, engathi yi-Riphabliki" eyathiwe yaza kamva yazaliswa njengenkundla yenkundla yelizwe.

Unyuko lwe-software elungisayo lwenze ukuba uqheliso lwe- luchaneke kakhulu. Iinkqubo ezifana neMaptothithity zivumela iidrowara zemaphu ukuba zifanise izigidi zeemaphu ezinokwenzeka, zikhetha ezo ezinika iqela labo uncedo ngexa zisahambelana nemigaqo esemthethweni. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ukuba oku kuguqula idemokhrasi ibe ngumdlalo wobunjineli be-injini, kucuthe ulawulo lukawonke-wonke kunyuso.

Ulawulo lwezibonelelo

Ukuguquka Kwamanani Ekuzotyweni Kwemaphu

Kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo, iidrowa ezisebenzisa iimaphu, izibalo kunye namanani abantu abasebenzisa ngezandla. Namhlanje, ukudityaniswa kwemida yinkqubo ephezulu yedata . Inkqubo yolwazi lwe-Gographic (GIS) i-software yogcino-lwazi, ugcino-lwazi oluphambili, kunye nemithetho-algorithm enamandla yenza iidrowa zemaphu zikwazi ukulawula imida ngokuchanekileyo yotyando. Ziyakwazi ukuhlalutya iipayiti ze-ccolation block blocks, zilungise imigca ukuze ziquke okanye zikhuphe imimandla ethile, kwaye zibone ngoko nangoko utshintsho oluchaphazela umlinganiselo, ukwenziwa kwabantu bebala, kunye nemida yemida.

La mandla obugcisa likrele eliphindiweyo. Kwesinye isandla, livumela iziphakamiso ezilinganayo, ezilinganayo, kunye nogcino olungcono loluntu loluntu. Kwelinye icala, lunceda ukutshintsha okungathethekiyo. Kwimeko apho elinye iqela lilawula ukuphindwa, umgca phakathi komgca osemthethweni we-gradias kunye nophatho lwe-creast. Abaxhasi botshintsho baphikisa ukuba ubugcisa ngokwabo bungenakuba yingxaki, `=ingxaki yimithetho esetyenziswa phantsi kwayo.

Ulungiso-gosa lwemithetho-mthetho kunye ne-Al

Bambi abaphandi baye bacebisa ukusebenzisa i-algorithms ukwenza “iimaphu ezingathathi cala-nxaxheba” ezingayihoyi ngokupheleleyo i-data elwayo. Umzekelo, ikhompyutha ingazoba izithili ezidibeneyo nezilinganayo kubemi ngaphandle kokuqwalasela indlela abantu abavota ngayo. Ezi maphu, maxa wambi ezibizwa ngokuba “zimfama-fdom” ukubopha, zingasebenza njengophawu lokuhlola ukuba imaphu ecetyiweyo iphambuka kangakanani kwisiseko esingangeni qobo. Noko ke, kwane algorithalm-algorith kufuneka zenze ukhetho malunga nendlela yokukhetha, kwaye olo khetho lungaveliseli kwiziphumo ze-RGenetic.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukufunda umatshini kunye nobuchule bokwenziwa kungenele ibala. I-Al ingenza amawaka eemaphu ize izifumanele ukuba zilungile, zikhuphisana kwaye zihambelana nemigangatho esemthethweni. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwe-Al ekudibaniseni i-alpha kunyusa inkxalabo malunga nolwalamano lotshintshi kunye nokuphendula. Ukuba i-algorithm izoba imaphu enceda iqela elinye, ngubani onoxanduva? Ngoxa ubugcisa busajikeleza, sele buzichaza indlela zombini iidrowa zemaphu kunye neenkundla zesithili ezihlola ngayo iintambo zebhodi.

Indlela Abemi Abanokuyiphembelela Ngayo Le Ntsebenziswano

Ukuthabatha Inxaxheba Kuwonke Wonke Ekulungiseni

Abemi abamele bangabi ngabajongi abangekho mthethweni bokulungisa imimandla. Amaphondo amaninzi athetha ngezaphula-ndlebe apho abemi banokuthetha ngeemaphu ezicetyiweyo. Ukuva ezi ndlebe, enoba ngumntu okanye ngokungathi kunjalo, kuyindlela enamandla yokuvakalisa inkxalabo ngokwahlukahlukana kwebutho labantu, ukuphulukana nomelo, okanye ukucalucalulwa kohlanga. Kwanasemva kokuba imaphu ivunyiwe, abemi banokunikela ubungqina obubhaliweyo kwiindlu zowiso-mthetho, kwiikomishini ezizimeleyo, okanye kwiSebe loLungisa ukuba bakholelwa ukuba imaphu iyawuphula umthetho worhulumente.

Kumazwe aneekhomishini ezimeleyo zokulungisa, le nkqubo idla ngokuba cace kakhulu. Iikhomishini zidla ngokuba neentlanganiso ezininzi, zikhupha iimaphu zemizobo ukuze zihlolwe nguwonke wonke, kwaye zamkele ukuthotyelwa kwemaphu nguwonke wonke. Umzekelo, iKomishoni ye-Citizens Redicoregiing ifaka iimaphu zemizobo kwi-intanethi kwaye yaqhuba iimephu zikawonke wonke ezimalunga nama-50 kulo mjikelo wama-2020. Amathuba afanayo akhona e-Arizona, eMichigan, eColorado, nakwamanye amazwe.

Ukulungiselela Nokusebenzisa Izixhobo

Ngaphandle kokuthabatha inxaxheba ngamanye, amaqela oluntu enza indima ebalulekileyo. Iintlangano ezifana noManyano lwaManyano lwabesifazane, i-ACLU, kunye neBrennan Center ye- Justice joning, ityala lefayile ngokuchasene neemaphu ezingalunganga, kwaye ifundise uluntu. Abami bangadibanisa okanye baxhase la maqela, okanye baqalise imibutho yasekuhlaleni ukuxhasa imigca esesikweni. Kwamanye amazwe, imigudu yengca iye yaziqhubela phambili ngokunempumelelo inyathelo lokuyila ii-bollet eziyila okanye ukuqinisa imithetho elwa nolwaphulo-mthetho oluzimeleyo.

Ubuxhakaxhaka bunika amandla abemi. izixhobo zekhompyutha ezifana ne- Planquere zivumela nabani na ukuba avavanye imaphu ecetyisiweyo yekhethe elisemgceni, kunye ne-software enjenge Iprojekthi ye-Divertial[ yenza abemi bakwazi ukuzoba iimaphu zabo baze bazithumele njengezinye iindlela zokukhetha. Ezi zixhobo zinciphisa inkqubo zendalo zinike abantu abaqhelekileyo ilizwi kwinkqubo esoloko ivakala ilula.

Ukungavisisani Nocelomngeni Olungokwasemthethweni

Ukuba imaphu ayilunganga, abemi bangabhenela kwiinkundla. Ukusukela kwisigqibo seNkundla Ephakamileyo [iFLT:0] iRuko, ukumangalelwa kwetyala kwamazwe kufuneka kujolise kwisebe elijongene ne-gerrymanider okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho olusemthethweni olufana nabemi abalinganayo, hayi inzuzo epheleleyo. Noko ke, iinkundla zephondo zihlala zisebenza. Ngomzekelo, ngowama-2022 kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseOhio yala imaphu edweliswe yi-Republican-gradificiation eqeshiweyo, ifumaniselelwa yi-mali echasene ne-mthetho-mthetho elwa nabemi belizwe.

Abantu bayakwazi ukuqokelela izikhalazo kwiSebe leJaji lase-U.S. okanye bamangalelwe ngqo phantsi koMthetho wamaLungelo oMgaqo-nkqubo we-Voting Rights. Oku kumangalelwa kunzima kwaye kuxabisa kakhulu, kodwa baye baphumelela ekunyanzeleni amazwe ukuba aphinde atsale iimaphu, njengoko kwenzeka eTexas, eAlabama naseVirginia kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje.

IiNguqulo NeziKhomishini Zokufuna Ukukhululeka

Ityala LeeKhomishini Ezizimeleyo

Eyona nguqu ixhaswe ngokubanzi yokuphelisa ukuququzelela ukusetyenziswa kwe-gerrymanider kukudala ii-ofice ezizimeleyo zokulungisa. Ezi ziqumrhu zisusa imaphu → zitsala ezandleni zezobupolitika zize ziyinike iqela labemi okanye abagwebi, elikhethelwe ubuchule obungengobapartisan. Amazwe anjengeKhalifoniya, Arizona, neMichigan aye aqalisa ukulungiselela ukuhlanganisa i-comntallial reddifidifiging, kwaye iziphumo zaba ziimaphu ezikhuphisana kakhulu kwaye zibonisa imida yoluntu.

Iikhomishini ezizimeleyo zinemithetho engqongqo: azinakuqwalasela ugcino-lwazi oludityanisiweyo, kufuneka zibe neentlanganiso zikawonke-wonke, kwaye kufuneka zivelise iimaphu ezanelisa iingqikelelo ezifana nokudibana, ukulingana, nokuhlonela oorhulumente basekuhlaleni. Uphando lweBrennan Center lubonisa ukuba iimaphu ezineekhomishini ezizimeleyo azinaziphene kwaye zisabelanga kakhulu kwiinguquko zabemi.

Ezinye Izindululo Zokutshintsha

Ngapha koko, ezinye iziguquli zijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amaqela ambalwa asaphumelela kwinkqubo yokukhetha. Umltimediadiadiadity ngokuvota okucetshiweyo kunganciphisa impembelelo yegerrymannder ngokuqinisekisa ukuba amaqela ambalwa asaphumelela ezinye izihlalo ezilinganayo kwisabelo sawo sovoti. Iprojekthi yomelo ye-[ yenye indlela, esetyenziswa kwidemocracracy, ephepha ukusetyenziswa komgca wesithili yonke. Noko ke, ezi zinguquko zifuna ukuba amaqela ambalwa aphumeleleyo aphumeleleyo afumana ulwahlulo lwezihlalo okanye utshintsho olujongene nenkcaso eyomeleleyo yezopolitiko.

Olunye utshintsho lolwandiso lufuna ukuba imephu yokutsala imilinganiselo ifakwe ngumthetho, ugcino loluntu kunye nokudibana okubekwe ngaphezulu koncedo lwabaququzeleli. Amazwe amaninzi amkele imithetho enjalo, kodwa ukunyanzelisa kuxhomekeke kwiinkundla.

Ubungqina boluntu nokuphendula

Ekugqibeleni, impilo yokuzimela ixhomekeke ekuqapheleni uluntu ngokubanzi. Xa abavoti beyiqonda indlela imigca yesithili echaphazela ngayo ukuma kwabo, basenokufuna ukuba sesikweni. I-Non partistan i-Cal Cause kunye noManyano lwamaWomen Voters iyaqhubeka ifundisa abemi nokunyanzela ukuba babone ukuba mhlophe. Umjikelo wama-202020 wabalwayo wabona amaqondo abhaliweyo okuganana kwabantu, amawaka abantu abawachasayo kunye nokumangalelwa okunelisa ngempumelelo. Oku kucebisa ukuba ngokwenene abemi bangayiphembelela inkqubo esoloko iqhutywa emva kweminyango evaliweyo.

Isiphelo

Imigca yesithili yeyesakhiwo esingabonakaliyo sedemokhrasi yaseMerika. Babumba abanyulwayo, abaphi iinkqubo ezihambela phambili, nokuba ngaba abantu basebenzisa ilizwi elifanelekileyo. Ukuzoba le migca kukudityaniswa okuntsonkothileyo kogcino-lwazi, iimfuno ezingokwasemthethweni, amabhongo okulwa, kunye nokubophelelana kwebutho labantu. Ngoxa inkqubo isenokubonakala ingumgangatho olinganayo, imigaqo yayo engundoqo icacile: umelo olungelulo 76discrinity, noxanduva lukawonke-wonke.

Njengokuba umjikelo olandelayo wokulungisa imimandla usondela ngo-2031, abemi banethuba lokufuna utshintsho. Enoba ngokudibanisa amaqela olawulo lwesizwe, ukuya kumava kawonke-wonke, okanye ukuzifundisa nje, yonke inyathelo linegalelo kwinkqubo ecace ngakumbi nenobulungisa. Ikamva lemigca yesithili lixhomekeke kuluntu olunolwazi olungavumi ukwamkela i-gerrydering njengengenakuthintelwa. Kwidemokhrasi, imida yamandla akufunekangatsalelwa ekukhuseleni igunya, kufuneka itsaleleke ekukhonzeni abantu.

ukwenzela ulwazi oluninzi, khangela i Brennan Center yeJaji okanye [ ACLU Iprojekthi yamalungelo[. Ukuvavanya iimaphu zelizwe lakho, sebenzisa [ PLANCRE.