Ukubaluleka Kokuqonda Ukuzimisela Ngomhla Wokhetho

Imihla yokhetho ingaphezulu kakhulu kunemiphawu yolawulo olulula kwikhalenda; isekelwe kwingqibelelo, ufikelelo, kunye nobulungisa beenkqubo zedemokhrasi. Ixesha lonyulo lingaphembelela abavoti, indlela amaphulo alawulwa ngayo, kwaneziphi iimbambano ezilawula intetho kawonke-wonke. Kubafundisi-mfundo, abafundi, kunye nabemi abaqukiweyo, ukuqonda imvelaphi entsonkothileyo yemithetho, izithethe zembali, kunye nezithintelo ezisebenzayo ezithi zimo yokukhetha zimele ziqonde indlela ezisebenza ngayo iinkqubo zedemokhrasi. Olu khokelo luhlola ukumiswa kokhetho lwesizwe, lwesizwe, lwemigangatho yasekuhlaleni, luhlolisisa oothunywashe abaphembelela ezi zigqitye, kwaye lubalase iziphumo zokwenene zenkqubo yocwangciso-li.

Unyulo lwesizwe: Imithetho eSigxina neZiseko zoMgaqo-siseko

Unyulo lwesizwe lulawulwa ngumgaqo-siseko welizwe okanye imithetho yonyulo esembindini, emisela umhla osisigxina okanye ifestile echaziweyo yokuba nonyulo. Ukuqiqa okusemva kwale mithetho kusoloko kubonisa ukuxubanisa imizekelo engokwembali, ukulalanisa kwezobupolitika, nemfuneko yonyulo.

IUnited States: ULwesibini Lokuqala Emva KoMvulo Wokuqala

EUnited States, unyulo lwesizwe luqhutywa ngoLwesibini lokuqala emva koMvulo wokuqala ngoNovemba. Olu suku lwaqinisekiswa yiKhonklane ngo1845 kwaye alutshintshanga ukususela ngoko. Ukhetho lukaNovemba lusukela kwibutho labalimi apho kwakufuneka ukuba bagqibelele ukuvuna ngaphambi kokuchola iindawo. ULwesibini lwakhethwa ukuphepha ukuphazamisana nonqulo lwangeCawa nokuvumela usuku olupheleleyo lohambo, ekubeni abaninzi abavoti babehlala kude kwizihlalo zengi. Kodwa ke, uLwesithathu lwalusoloko luyimini lwemaketheko olungcono, ngoko uLwesibini lunikela ulwaphulo olungcono. Lo mongo wembali uyaqhubeka nokokuba neenguquko ezinkulu kwizothutho nezomsebenzi. I-Abineavseacts Vo (OVAVA) ukuvumela ixesha elingakumbi lokufumana ixesha lokusebenza kwe-othoba kwimishini yemikhosi yaphesheya, phambi kweentsuku ezingama-45.

Ezinye iinkqubo zesizwe: Imihla elungisiweyo

Amazwe amaninzi akhetha imihla yonyulo oluzinzisiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba lungabhaliswa kwaye luncitshiswe ubungozi bokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Umzekelo, iIndiya ifumana unyulo jikelele rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu, kodwa imihla echanileyo inqunyulwa yiKhomishini yoNnyulo phakathi kwefestile. Ngokwahlukileyo, iUnited Kingdom, isetyenziselwa ukuba nenkqubo apho umphathi omkhulu anokuthi unyulo kuliphi na ixesha phakathi kwexesha leminyaka emihlanu, kodwa iPalamente ezizinzileyo zikhokelwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Urhulumente uququluko lumiselwe kancinane ucwangciso olusisigxina lweminyaka emihlanu lokumisela ulawulo olulawula. IKhanada imise nemihla yonyulo kumgangatho worhulumente (ngayo yonke iminyaka emine kunyaka yesithathu ku-Okthoba), nangona irhuluneli igcina amandla okuhlala kuyo iPalamente eqala phantsi kweemeko ezithile.

Uqeqesho lomgaqo-siseko nomthetho

Umgaqo-siseko wesizwe usoloko umisela ubude obuphezulu bexesha lezindlu zowiso-mthetho neentloko zikarhulumente, ezinika unyulo olungaphandle lwemihla yonyulo. Umzekelo, umGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. uyalela ukuba umongameli asebenze ixesha leminyaka emine, kwaye unyulo lubanjwe rhoqo kwiminyaka emine ngosuku olumisiweyo. Amazwe amaninzi afuna ukuba unyulo luvele kwisithuba esithile emva kokuchithwa kwepalamente, njengeentsuku ezingama-60 okanye ezingama-90. Ezi zithintela nawuphi na umgcini-mthetho osemthethweni ekubambeni okanye ekunyuseni unyulo. Kumazwe afana neJamani, iNkunganiso yoMgaqo-siseko woMgaqo-siseko wovolo ilawula kwimimiselo, iqinisekisa ukuba kufuneka imiswe ngesaziso esaneleyo nangemigaqo-demokhrasi.

UKhetho lweMithetho neMigaqo

Kwinkqubo zikarhulumente, amaphondo okanye amaphondo asoloko enegunya elibalulekileyo kwimihla yonyulo lwawo, ekhokelela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Oku kungadala isiphithiphithi kubavoti abahamba kwiintambo zikarhulumente okanye kumaphulo asebenza ngaphaya kwemithetho emininzi.

Ukhetho lweLizwe laseUnited States

Urhulumente ngamnye wase-U.S. umisela imihla yawo yokukhetha okuyintloko, unyulo jikelele lwesizwe, kunye nonyulo olukhethekileyo. Le mihla inokuba nomahluko omkhulu. Umzekelo, iNew Hampshire ngokwesithethe ikwimo yokuqala kamongameli ngoJanuwari okanye ngoFebruwari, ngelixa iKhalifoniya ishukumise isiseko sayo ukuya kuMatshi 2024 ukuze yandise impembelelo yayo. Amanye amazwe, njengoTexas, aqhuba unyulo lokuqala kuMatshi kumidaba yombini kunye nonobumbano, lolunye, lolunye uhlobo lusebenzisa inkqubo ekhethekileyo "jungle" ngoNovemba. Ulwahlulo lwawo lwamazwe lunganikwa imigaqo-mthetho, uqeqesho yembali, kunye neyokubalalwpolitiko. Maxa wambi izivumelwano zonyulo lwemimiselo lwemivolo-mthetho zilungisa unyulo lwezizwe ezithile okanye ukukhuthaza imijikelo yezizwe ethile, ukuqheliswazisa okuziwaziwayo njenge "gnodientation".

Unyulo lwePhondo laseKhanada

Iphondo ngalinye laseKhanada limisela imihla yalo yonyulo, nangona abaninzi beye bamkela imithetho yomhla wonyulo osisigxina efana nomzekelo wesizwe. Umzekelo, iOntario ithatha unyulo rhoqo kwiminyaka emine kuLwesine lokuqala lukaJuni, ngelixa iBritish Columbia isebenzisa umhla osisigxina woMgqibelo wesithathu ngoOktobha. Kodwa, njengenkqubo yephondo, unyulo lwephondo, lungabizwa kwangoko phantsi kweemeko ezithile, njengovotelo lokungaqiniseki. Lo mxubeko wemihla emisiwe neguqukayo uthetha ukuba unyulo lwephondo maxa wambi lungadibana nokhetho olunovoteko olunomthetho, kodwa lungasoloko lungabizwa.

Unyulo Olukhethekileyo Kumgangatho weRhulumente

Unyulo olukhethekileyo lokuzalisa izindululo kwizindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente okanye iiofisi zelizwe ngokubanzi lubizwa ngokuba yirhuluneli okanye yibhodi yonyulo. Ixesha lokumiswa konyulo lisoloko liphantsi kwemithetho emiselwe ixesha, kodwa lunokwenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka. Umzekelo, ukuba isihlalo sorhulumente sowiso-mthetho siyaphelelwa, irhuluneli ingamisela unyulo olukhethekileyo ngeentsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-90. Oku kungakhokelela kunyulo oluphantsi oluphenjelelwa kakhulu yimigudu yephulo lobuqhopho. Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba unyulo olukhethekileyo lusoloko lunenxaxheba olusezantsi kokhetho olucwangcisiweyo, lunyusa inkxalabo malunga nomelo lwedemodemo-demokhrasi.

Unyuso lwangaphakathi: Owona Maleko wogcino-lwazi

Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni, kuquka olo lwebhunga lesixeko, iibhodi zesikolo, iikomishini yephondo, kunye nezithili ezikhethekileyo, lucwangciswe ngokwesiko ngemithetho yasekuhlaleni okanye imithetho yokwaphula-mthetho. Oku kudala iinguqu ezinkulu ngaphaya kombuso omnye. Ixesha lonyulo lwasekuhlaleni lingachaphazela ngokuphawulekayo umvoteli kunye nokwakhiwa korhulumente wasekuhlaleni.

Igunya likarhulumente wasekuhlaleni noLawulo lwasekhaya

Amatyala amaninzi anika "ikhaya" ulawulo kwizixeko kunye neendawo zonyulo, ezivumela ukuba zimisele imihla yazo yonyulo logama nje zihambisana nemigaqo karhulumente ebanzi. Umzekelo, eNew York, ezinye iidolophu zisenza unyulo ngoNovemba, ngoxa ezinye zisebenzisa uMatshi okanye ngoMeyi. EKhalifoniya, izikolo ezininzi ziqhuba unyulo ngosuku olunye njengomhla oluphakathi kwelizwe ngoJuni, kodwa ezinye zikhetha imihla yokuhamba ngemijikelo. Olu bhetyebhetyeshe lunganceda abantu abafuna ukuphendula kwimicimbi yasekuhlaleni ngokwahlukeneyo nezobupolitika, kodwa zikwakha noxanduva kubavo abamele bagcine iingoma zonyulo kunyaka wonke.

Unyuso oluqinisiweyo: Ubuchule Bokujika Okuphezulu

Ukulwa nonyulo oluphantsi nokunciphisa iindleko zolawulo, ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni luye lwaqinisa unyulo lwalo ngemihla yonyulo karhulumente okanye yephondo. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba ukuhlanganisa kwandisa ukuthatyathwa-nxaxheba kuba abemi abaninzi sele beshukunyiselwe ukuvota kusuku lonyulo oluthe lwapapashwa kakuhle. Umzekelo, xa ezinye izikolo zaseKhalifoniya zasusa unyulo lwazo kwiminyaka ehlukeneyo ukuya kwiminyaka enokuba ngamanani angaphezulu, ukurhoxa okuphindwe kabini. Noko ke, abagxeki baphawula ukuba ukuhlanganiswa kwemibutho kunokungcwaba imibambo yasekuhlaleni phantsi kokwazisa intlanganiso yesizwe, kukhokelela ekutyesheleni izithuba zemidlalo ephambili. Amanye amaqela amaqela akhetha ngabomvoti zesikolo ukugcina unyulo lwasekuhlaleni olungelulo lwasekuhlaleni kwaye agxininisa kwimicimbi yoluntu.

Iisithili Ezikhethekileyo Nokuqhwaba Ngokugqithisileyo

Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni oluninzi lubandakanya iziphakamiso ezikhethekileyo, ezifana neebhodi zamanzi, izithili, okanye amagunya okuhambisa iincwadi. Ezi ziko zisoloko zisenza unyulo ngokwemiqathango yazo, maxa wambi zinezilumkiso ezincinane zikawonke-wonke. Abasebenzi basenokuzifumanisa bejongene nelothi yesithili se-umiya okanye ibhodi yekholeji yasekuhlaleni ngoLwesibini ngoAprili, kungekho zizwe zinokuzitsalela ekuvotelweni. Oku kunqamlezo lwemihla yonyulo kunokuzithintela kwaye kushiyele izigqibo ezibalulekileyo ezandleni zomvoti omncinane, ngokufuthi ongalinyuliyo.

Izinto Eziphembelela Izigqibo Zokhetho

Ukuqonda ezi zinto kusinceda siqonde isizathu sokuba imihla yonyulo yahluke kangaka ehlabathini lonke.

Iziganeko Nezithethe Zamandulo

Imihla emininzi yonyulo isekelwe ngokunzulu kwisithethe. Umhla kaNovemba wase-U.S. ngumzekelo ophambili, kodwa imizekelo efanayo ikho kwezinye iindawo. ESweden, unyulo luqhutywa ngeCawa yesibini ngoSeptemba, isithethe esiqalwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. EJapan, unyulo lwesizwe lusoloko lugcinwa ngeempelaveki ukukhuthaza ukurhoxa, ukushiya imodeli yeveki. Le zithethe zinokumelana kakhulu nokutshintsha, kwanaxa indlela yokuqala yokucinga ingasasebenzi. Imigudu yokususa i-U.S. USuku loPhuhliso loMthelo ukuya kwimpela-mva okanye ukwenza ukuba iholide yesizwe isoloko igcinwa kwiBhunga, ngokwenxalenye yomhla okhoyo.

Iimfuno Ezisemthethweni Nemithetho Efileyo

Imigaqo-siseko neemfuno zomgaqo-siseko zinika umiselo oluqinileyo. Umzekelo, urhulumente omninzi wase-U.S. ufuna ukuba unyulo lokuqala luqhutywe ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambi kokuba unyulo jikelele luvumele ixesha lokulungiselela nokuvota phesheya. Ngokufanayo, umthetho wesizwe ufuna ukuba iibhola zomsonto ziphumele ngaphandle kombutho zithunyelwe phesheya komsinga womhla othile, nto leyo ngoko enyanzelisa ukuba zigqibe iziqendu zawo zamandulo. Kumazwe afana neKenya, umgaqo-siseko ufuna ukuba unyulo luqululwe kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-90 zokuphela kwepalamente, kwaye ugunyaziso lolawulo lumise umhla ochanileyo kuloo festile. Imingeni esemthethweni isenokutshintsha imihla ethile; iinkundla ziye zaluhlisa unyusoluvo ngenxa yokuphinda ingxabano okanye iintlekele zemvelo.

Ukuqwalaselwa kwezobupolitika nokuHlakulelwa

Amaqumrhu alawulayo kunye namaqela ezobupolitika maxa wambi azama ukutshintsha imihla yonyulo ukuze kungenelwe wona. Kwinkqubo yepalamente, iqela elilawulayo lingabiza unyulo ngexesha elikhokelayo kunyulo, iqhinga elaziwa ngokuba "luluvolo olubalulekileyo lonyulo" kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho, isalathisi sowiso-mthetho sitshintshe iimini eziphambili ukuphembelela ixesha lokuqhuba unyulo, inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba "kukulayisha phezulu". Amanye amazwe aye asusa amaziko awo aqala ukuvelisa impembelelo ephucuthelweni lokufak ’ isandla kwikhalenda yokuqala. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuba olu qhutyelwa phambili lungarhoxisanayo kumazwe kamva ngenxa yokuba akukho luhambelwano luphambili.

Ubuchule kunye nolawulo

Ukuqhuba unyulo lufuna unyulo olubalulekileyo: ulungiselelo lokushicilela iibhola zovolo, ukukhusela iindawo zokuvota, nokuqinisekisa ukuba oomatshini bovota bayasebenza. Amagosa okhetho afuna ixesha elaneleyo lokugqiba le misebenzi, eziphembelela xa kunokwenzeka. Umzekelo, ingingqi esebenzisa iibhola zephepha isenokufuna iiveki eziliqela zokushicilela nokuhambisa iibhola zovota, ngelinye ixesha oomatshini bokuvota abasebenzisa ikhompyutha basenokufuna iintsuku ezimbalwa kuphela. Iintlekele zemvelo, ezinjengeenkanyamba okanye ukhukulibala eMidwester, zinokunyanzelela utshintsho kumhla kaxakeka. I-CHOVID ingxolo-19 ikhokelela kwimithetho yokhetho emininzi ukuvumela iiveki zokhetho ukuba zinikezelwe ukuvota nokuvota okudelweyo kunye nokuvota okude.

I-Voterpout noFikelelo

Injongo yokwandisa inxaxheba kumavoti yifekta enkulu ekumiseleni imihla yonyulo. Amazwe aba nonyulo ngeempelaveki okanye enza ukuba uSuku loNnyulo lube nosuku lweholide lube lukhulu. Ngokomzekelo, amazwe amaninzi aseYurophu aba nonyulo ngeeCawa, nto leyo ephumela ekunyukeni okudla ngokugqitha kuma-70-80%, ithelekiswa ne 60 ekhulwini lonyulo lomongameli wase-U.S. kunye nonyulo olusezantsi kakhulu kwiiveki eziphakathi. Kulo mazwe amaninzi eUnited States, amanye amazwe aye afuduka kuzo zonke ii-imeyili zokuvota (umz. Coloradow, Oredow, Oregon, Washington, Utah), nto leyo ephumeza ngokunelo imfuneko imfuneko yokhetho olunye lwemini kwaye ivumela uvoteko ukuba lubuyele kwiiyure zokhetho lwawo. Amanye amazwe anokuphinda ixesha lokuvota, ezi zikhomba ezithi zithuba eliphambili "utshintsho olusebenzayo" lonyulo lwemini olunye lonyulo lonyulo lwemini, kunokuba luvelwa.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala Kumhla Wokhetho

Ingxowa-mali yeveki yeAustralia

I-Australia iqhuba unyulo ngoMgqibelo, kwaye ukuvota kuyanyanzeleka. Ukudityaniswa komhla wempelaveki kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba ekunyanzelweni kuphumela ekunyukeni okugqithisileyo, okuqhelekileyo malunga nama-90 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu. Umhla osisigxina (ngoMgqibelo wokugqibela ngoMeyi weNdlu yabameli, nangona urhulumente enokuthi akhethe umhla phakathi kwefestile) kunika ingxelo engaphambili. Lo mzekelo ucatshuliweyo uboniswe njengophawu lwebhethbelo lwamanye amazwe afuna ukwandisa inxaxheba kwivoti, nangona ukuvota ngokwako kudityaniswa.

Unyulo lwamaIndiya

IIndiya, eyona ndawo ingundoqo yedemokhrasi ehlabathini, ibamba unyulo lwayo jikelele kwisithuba seeveki eziliqela, oluthatha ixesha elingaphaya kwenyanga. IKhomishini yoNnyuselo icwangcisa ukuvota kumacandelo okulawula iziphumo zokhuseleko, ezifana nokuthumela amajoni okhuseleko nokumisela izikhululo zokucokisa kwiindawo ezikude. Isigaba ngasinye sinomhla waso omiselwe, kwaye lonke ixesha lonyulo lucwangciselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba iqela elilawulayo aliwuphembeleli umphumo kamva ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zangaphambili.

Ukuqhutyelwa Iholide Yesizwe EUnited States

Izicelo zokwenza uSuku loNnyulo lube yiholide yesizwe eUnited States ivakaliswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiBhunga, ngokuphawulekayo njenge "Usuku lobungangamsha". Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba iholide iyakususa umthwalo wokuvota ngexesha lomsebenzi, ingakumbi ngentlawulo ephantsi nangeyure. Abachasi bayaphikisana ukuba ayinako ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokubhabhadula, njengoko abantu abaninzi sele benemimiselo ethambileyo okanye bevote kwangoko. Ezinye iinkampani ziye zavakalisa ngokuzithandela ukuba uSuku lokwahlulwa lusuku olubhatalayo, kwaye 22 (uMgaqo-gathi-mali weColuntrea) uyenze iholide yelizwe ngemo ethile. Ngoko ke, akukho mthetho wesizwe oye wamiswa.

Ikamva leMihla yoKhetho: Imikhwa neZindululo

Ubugcisa, ukutshintsha kwamanani, nokukhula kolwazi ngemiqobo yokuvota kubangela utshintsho kwindlela emiswa ngayo imihla yonyulo. Utyekelo lokubhenca kwasekuqaleni kunye neposi i-votelcot luguqula usuku lonyulo lube yinyanga yonyulo. Amanye amazwe, njengoMichigan noOhio, amkele "akukho-excuse" ukuvota okungekhoyo, ukuvumela nawuphi na umvoti ukuba aphose ibhola ngeposi ngeeveki phambi komhla osemthethweni. Ukwamkeli ozenzekelayo wobhaliso oluthenjiweyo ususa imiqobo enxulumene nexesha lonyulo, njengoko abavoti benokubhaliswa xa besebenza namaziko karhulumente, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ucwangciso lonyulo.

Enye intsingiselo ekhulayo kukusetyenziswa kokuvota okulinganiselweyo, okusenokufuna utshintsho kwiikhalenda zonyulo ukuze kuvunyelwe ukwenziwa unyulo. Umzekelo, uMaine no-Alaska babamba unyulo lwabo ngokubanzi ngomhla omnye njengamanye amazwe kodwa kufuneka babale iibhola ezisebenzisa inkqubo ejikelezayo enokuthatha iintsuku eziliqela, izenze zibe nzima ixesha lokuvota elisemthethweni lokuqinisekisa. Ukongeza, unyuko lovotelo lwengi kwi-intanethi (olunqabileyo kwaye lunempikiswano) lungayitshintsha ngokusisiseko ingcamango yomhla wonyulo, njengokuba uvota benokulahla iibhola zocamelo ngeentsuku eziliqela okanye iiveki naphi naphi na.

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kukwanyanzelisa amagosa onyulo ukuba akhe ulungelelwano lwawo. Inkanyamba, imililo yelanga, kunye nobushushu obugqithisileyo ziye zaphazamisa unyulo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amanye amazwe amkele iiplani ezivumela utshintsho lomhla wongxamiseko ngomyalelo wegunya. Umzekelo, emva kweSitshingitshane Sandy ngo-2012, iNew York yavumela ukuba ubalo oluchaphazelekayo lutshintshe iindawo zokuvota luze lwandise iiyure zokuvota, kodwa umhla ngokwawo uthe wahlala uhleli.

Isiphelo

Imihla yokhetho ayingomthetho; ikhethwe ngobuchule ngokudityaniswa kwemiyalelo esemthethweni, isithethe sembali, ubuchule, kunye nemfuneko esebenzisekayo. Ukusukela kuNovemba wesibini eUnited States ukuya kunyulo oluqululiweyo lwe-Indiya, inkqubo nganye ibonisa imeko yayo yedemokhrasi ekhethekileyo. Ukuqonda indlela le mihla emisiweyo enceda ngayo abemi bafumane amandla okulawula. Njengoko kufuneka utshintsho lweempelaveki, izicelo zokuvota, imibhiyongwa yeholide, kunye nesithembiso sokuvota kwangeniswa kwasekuqaleni kwekhalenda yonyulo. Kubahlolo, ukuqwalasela oku kuhlaziywa kwale meko ngabafundi kulwa komthetho-customss kwaye kugxininisa ukuba umhla ngamnye uquluko lune ibali lwendlela yokuvota.

[[UMTLL:0] Ukufunda ngokuphinda-phindeneyo kunye nemithombo: