Table of Contents

Unyulo olufanelekileyo lwenza iliwa lolawulo lwedemokhrasi, luqinisekisa ukuba ilizwi lommi ngamnye lithwala ubunzima obulinganayo ekulungiseni ikamva loluntu kunye nohlanga lwakhe. Noko ke, lo mgaqo usisiseko ujongene nocelomngeni olubalulekileyo olusuka ekukhuseleni, umkhwa onciphisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yokukhetha ngokusebenzisa imida yesithili ukuze kungenelwe kwezobupolitika. Ukuqonda ukuqhuba nokuthatha inyathelo elinentsingiselo ngokuchasene nayo kumela omnye weembopheleleko ezibalulekileyo zezentlalo-ntle abemi banokuzamkela ekukhuseleni amaxabiso edemokhrasi.

Yintoni Ebangela Intsholongwane Ibe Nesizathu Sokuba Ibalulekile?

Ukwenziwa kwe-Gerrymander kwenzeka xa abadlali bezopolitiko bezoba imida yesithili sonyulo ngendlela eyenzelwe ukunceda amaqela athile okanye abavoti kunokuba bamele abavoti. Xa iimaphu zikhohliswa, abezobupolitika kunye nabavoti abanamandla abakhetha abavoti endaweni yokuvota abakhetha abezobupolitika. Oku kusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yedemokhrasi kwenza iimaphu zonyulo apho iziphumo zimiselwe kwangaphambili, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabavoti bafaka njani abaqhubi babo.

Lo mkhwa uvela kuRhuluneli waseMassachusetts Elbridge Gerry, owathi ngowe-1812 wavuma ukuba imaphu yesithili idityaniswe kangangokuba ifana nesamandela, izala igama elithi "igerrymander" nangona eli gama lisenokuba lingokwembali, le ngxaki iye yakhula ngokuphawulekayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yenkqubela yezobugcisa eyenza ukuba iphuthe ngokuchanekileyo.

Umlinganiselo Wale Ngxaki Wale Mihla

IBrennan Center iqikelela ukuba i-gerrymandering yanika amaRiphabliki uncedo lwezihlalo zendlu ezimalunga ne-16 kuhlanga lwama-2024 ukulawula iKhonklane xa kuthelekiswa neemaphu ezifanelekileyo. Oku kumela ukugqwethwa okuthe ngqo komelo lwedemokhrasi, okunokuthi kubonwe ukuba liliphi iqela elilawula isebe lowiso-mthetho kungakhathaliseki ukuba linjani na elithandwayo lilizwe.

Isiphumo sinyuswe, singaveli maphu apho iziphumo zonyulo ziqinisekiswe, kwanaxa abavoti bekhetha ukutshintsha ngokuphawulekayo, kwaye kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, iqela lizoba iimaphu lisenokukwazi ukuphumelela uninzi lwezihlalo nangona liphumelela kuphela kwivoti encinci. Oku kuqhawulwa okungundoqo phakathi kokhetho lomvoti kunye neziphumo zokhetho kwintliziyo yabameli bedemokhrasi.

Indlela Ukugqwetha Ulawulo - melo

Impembelelo yokuqhuba inqanawe idlulela kude ngaphaya koncedo olulula lwabaququzeleli. Uphando lokuthelekisa iimaphu zangoku zombutho kwiimaphu zesithili ezingezo eparalis yafumanisa ukuba ukuba ubani ungayithatha nzulu ingcamango yeemaphu ezisabelayo, kunokubakho 37 ukuya ku 42 izihlalo zendlu ezikhuphisanayo ngaphezulu kunakule maphu yangoku. Oku kuncitshiswa kwemida ekhuphisanayo kuthetha ukuba abavoti abambalwa bahlala kwiindawo apho iziphumo zokhetho zifumaneka ngokwenene.

Ukungena kuSuku loNnyulo 2024, izithili ezingama-72 kuphela ezizizingingqi ezingama-72 zachazwa njengokhuphiswano yingxelo yePolitical Cook, nabanye abaxeli bemiboniso yonyulo abaneendawo ezimbalwa kakhulu ezidweliswe zizinto zokuthoba nezingathathi cala, kwaye ekugqibeleni, isithili ezingama-37 kuphela sanyulwa ngamacandelo amahlanu okanye ambalwa. Okwangoku, ngaphezu kwamawaka amane kwimida amahlanu agqitywe ngeencam ezitofotofo ezi-10 okanye ngaphezulu.

Oku kunqongophala kokhuphiswano kudala iingxaki ezininzi zolawulo lwedemokhrasi. Xa izithili zikhuselekile kwiqela elinye, amagosa anyulwe aba nolwamkelo oluncinci kukhetho olubanzi kwaye ajoliswe ekulungiseni isiseko seqela lawo. Iindawo zomthetho ziba zezona zigqithileyo, ukulalanisa kuba nobungozi kwezobupolitika, kwaye ubunjani bomelo bubonakele buncinci ekujongeni ityala kwibhokisi yebhola yokuchola.

Ukuncipha Kokholoso Loluntu

Ngaphandle kweziphumo ezithe ngqo zokhetho, i-gerrymander itshabalalisa ukuthemba uluntu kwimigangatho yedemokhrasi. Uphando olusebenzisa imodeli yomgangatho omninzi lufumanise ukuba iimeko zomgangatho wemeko zikarhulumente aziyiyo nje kuphela imowulo yokuthemba amanani evoti karhulumente kodwa zikwayimbono yeziphumo zesizwe. Xa abemi beqonda ukuba iziphumo zonyulo zimiselwe kwangaphambili ngokusetyenziswa kwemaphu, ukholo lwabo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi yonke luyawohloka.

Uphando ludibanisa ingqiqo ebanzi yorhwaphilizo, abaphandi bebiza imaphu ngokuzibiza ngohlobo "loncedo olungafanelekanga" oluthi abavoti balubone njengempazamo. Le ngqiqo ichaphazela imicimbi kuba ichaphazela ukubotshwa kwebutho loluntu ngokubanzi. Xa abantu bekholelwa ukuba inkqubo ixhotyiswe, ababangenwa ngamathuba amancinane okuba nenxaxheba, bangakuthandi ukuvuma iziphumo zokhetho, kwaye bangafaki mithetho yedemokhrasi.

Ukuqonda Ubuchule Bokusebenzisa Intsholongwane

Ukulwa ngokunempumelelo ukulwa nokulwa, abemi kufuneka baqonde indlela esebenza ngayo. Abalawuli bale mihla basebenzisa iindlela ezimbini eziphambili: "ukujija" kunye "nokujija". Ukubeka izigxina kwinani elincinane lengingqi apho bafumana khona ngemida eyongameleyo, ukuchitha amavoti abo ngaphaya koko kufunekayo ukuze boyise. Ukucima ukurhoxa inkcaso kwimimandla emininzi apho bakha khona ibala elincinane, kubathintela ukuba baphumelele naphi na.

Ubuxhakaxhaka Buyenza Ingxaki

Ngelixesha ukunyulwa konyulo lwaseMelika bekungumkhwa kunyulo phantse ukususela ekusungulweni kwelizwe, kumjikelo odityanisiweyo wakutshanje, ukuchana kwezixhobo zogcino-lwazi zabavoti kunye ne-software yokuzoba i-software kunyuke kakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelela kutyekelo lweemaphu ezinyuliweyo kumazwe apho abezobupolitika balawula umzobo wesithili. Ii-algorime zekhompyutha ezicacisiweyo ngoku ziyakwazi ukuhlalutya iipayiti zovota phantsi kwiibhloko nganye, zisenza iidrowa ezichaza iziphumo zokhetho ngempumelelo ephawulekayo.

Obu bugcisa benza ukuba ubuchule bezi mini busebenze kwaye bungabi namsebenzi kakhulu ukufumanisa kunemigudu yembali. Njengoko abezobupolitika bephethukela kwi-software enamandla yekhompyutha ukwenza kube nzima ukufumanisa, uluntu lufuna ukufikelela kwizixhobo ezinokuqhubeka. Kwabubugcisa obufanayo obunceda ukukwazi ukukwazi ukufumanisa nokulinganisela, ukuvelisa umjaho wezixhobo phakathi kwabo bafuna ukulawula iimaphu nabo basebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba zilungile.

I-Gerrymandering Ayisoloko ingonakali

Ingcamango ephosakeleyo eqhelekileyo ithi izithili ezithe tye zisoloko zinemo ezingaqhelekanga, ezingaqhelekanga. Ngelixesha igalelo lingunobangela weziqithi ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga, oku akusoloko kuyinto ekhoyo, njengeggermander ekrelekrele ekwaziyo ukwenza imimandla edibeneyo nepakiweyo ekhangeleka icocekile kwaye isikwere kodwa noko ijinga kakhulu ixhasa iqela elinye.

Imaphu yangoku yengqungquthela yaseMntla Carolina ingumzekelo kwincam, nangona imigca yesithili ingabonakala iqhelekile, bahlela abavoti ngocoselelo olunenkathalo kangangokuba iiRiphabliki ziqinisekile ngokuphumelela ishumi elinambini kwimihlathi ye-14 ye-operation kwaye zingaphumelela kangango11. Oku kumela iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zemfazwe ekwindawo ephezulu apho kuthelelwa khona ukuba iDemocrates iphinde ifumane i-ofisi zelizwe elibanzi.

Ngokuchaseneyo, izithili ezijongeka ngendlela engaqhelekanga zingabunjwa ngenxa yokuba zilandela uphawu lwelizwe olunjengomlambo okanye imida yesixeko okanye ngenxa yokuba zigcina uluntu lunye oluneemfuno ezifanayo okanye ezibalulekileyo zomelo. Imbonakalo ebonakalayo yodwa ayinakugqiba ukuba imaphu ibekwe phantsi okanye iqwalaselwe ngokungqongqo; uhlalutyo lwezibalo luyafuneka.

Ukulinganisa iGerrymandering

Iindlela ezininzi zezibalo ziphuhliswe ukuqulunqa igerrymandering. I-paterisan gegerrymandering ingalinganiswa usebenzisa "Isithuba Sobuchule" ukubonisa indlela iimaphu ezixhasa ngayo iqela elinye ngokuthelekisa iqela ngalinye "amavoti athandwayo" kuzo zonke iziqendu kwilizwe, kwaye ukuba iqela elinye lichitha ixesha lilonke iivoti ezimbalwa kunenye, imida yemaphu inika lona uncedo olucwangcisiweyo.

Enye ingqwalaselo yemigudu yezibalo ibisetyenziswa kwiikhompyutha ukudibanisa iimaphu ezinokwenzeka ze kuthelekise imaphu yokwenene ngokuchasene nokusasazwa kweemaphu, kwaye ukuba omnye ufumana izihlalo ezininzi emaphuni yokwenene kunenani leesihlalo abaphumelela kuzo kwimfaniso, kunokwenzeka ukuba imaphu yokwenene yiziphumo zegerrymaninger. Olu hlolo ludibanisa lunika ubungqina obunamandla bokusebenzisana ngokubonisa ukuba zinkulu kangakanani na iimaphu ezinokuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela ezingathathi nxaxheba.

Uphuhliso lwakutshanje lwe-Gerrymandering kunye nohlolo lwetyala

Umjikelo wokwenza uqikelelo emva kobalo-manani wavelisa iimfazwe ezithanda ukudubulana ngemaphu kwimbali yakutshanje, neziphumo eziqhubeka zibumba imicimbi yezobupolitika zaseMerika. Ukuqonda imizekelo ethile kunceda ukucacisa ingxaki kunye nezisombululo ezinokwenzeka.

KuMntla Carolina: Isilumkiso

I-redifoliging saga yaseMntla Carolina ibonisa indlela inkqubela ekhawulezileyo enokuthi iguqulwe ngayo. Emva kokuba iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseMntla Carolina yabetha phantsi kwemaphu karhulumente yomkhosi ka 2021 njengemaphu engagqibekiyo yeGarrymander phantsi komgaqo-siseko wezwe kwaye endaweni yayo ibekwe imaphu edweliswe ziingcali zenkundla ezimiselwe, utshintsho kukwenziwa kwenkundla ephakamileyo yakhokelela inkundla ekujijekelezeni umthetho wayo wakutshanje kwaye ithi ayinakuphinda ibekho amapolisa arrymanling, kwaye emva konyulo lwama 2024, umntla Carolina wabona imimandla emithathu yeDemocratic trans engquthela eRiphabliki.

Ngeli xesha iimaphu ezingezoparatis zinokukhetha rhoqo iiRepublics ezisixhenxe kunye nezisixhenxe zeDemocrates ukumela umNtla Carolina kwiKhonkxale, imaphu ecetyiweyo itshixa kakhulu abathunywa abaneeRiphabliki eziyi11 kunye nezi-3 zeDemocrates. Olu tshintsho luphawulekayo lwenzeka kungengenxa yokutshintsha kokhetho lwabavoti kodwa ngokusetyenziswa kwemaphu.

I-gerrymander yasemva kwesithuba yaba nempembelelo enkulu kuMntla Carolina, kwaye ingekho iGgerrymanders ezintsha kuMntla Carolina nase Georgia, iDemocrat isenokuba yaphumelela uninzi lwesibini esityiweyo wama-219-16 phambi kwayo nayiphi na indawo. Oku kubonisa indlela i-gerrymander kumazwe ambalwa nje angagqiba ngayo ukulawula yonke indlu yabameli.

Ukukhuselwa Kwendawo Ephakathi

Inkqubela-phambili ekhathazayo yakutshanje ibandakanya ukuphinda kutsalwe phakathi kwemijikelo yamanani ngokukhethekileyo ukuze kuzuze inzuzo yabaququzeleli. Isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo (209) sithintela amandla eenkundla ukuba zifumane izicelo ze-arhente yoluvo-luvo-luvo loluntu, ezithi ngokulandelayo zishiye amagqabi egumbi lokulungisa i-redifige ephakathi.

Uqikelelo oluphakathi kwibhayisekile lunika amaqela ithuba lesibini lokwandisa uncedo lwawo lwezobupolitika, uvavanya ukuba anokutyhala kangakanani imigca yesithili ukufumana izihlalo zombutho. Oku kujongwa kukwenza inkqubo eqhubekekayo kunokuba kube sisiganeko esikwindawo enye, sidala ukungazinzi okungapheliyo nokuqhubekeka kokusetyenziswa kwe-rrobest.

Zombini Imidlalo Ibandakanyeka Ekuqhubeni Izifo

Ngelixesha omabini amaqela eqela elibandakanyekileyo kubalo lwamashumi amabini aneshumi elinesihlanu, jikelele, uqhekeko kwiimaphu zalo mjikelo luxhasa kakhulu amaRiphabliki ngenxa yokulwa ngamandla kwiGOP eekhokholo kuMzantsi nase Midwest, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ijirymandering ayiyongxaki yeqela elinye kuphela.

IiDemocrates eIllinois zivulela ngenkalipho imaphu yengqungquthela yelizwe ukucutha iiRiphabliki ukubamba izihlalo ezithathu kwezili-17, inani elimbalwa leesihlalo zaseRiphabliki ukususela kwimfazwe yamakhaya, ngexesha iBrennan Center iqikelela ukuba imaphu entle yaseIllinois iza kuba nezihlalo ezimalunga nezi-6 POP. Oku kubonisa ukuba xa zinikwa ithuba, abezobupolitika babo bobabini baye bangqineka bekulungele ukusebenzisa iimaphu ukuze bangene.

Udidi lwebhipartis lokulungisa luqinisa imeko yotshintsho. Oku akukukunceda iqela elinye ngaphezu komnye; kuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abavoti bafumana umelo olulungileyo kungakhathaliseki ukuba bakhetha ezobupolitika.

Amandla EeKhomishini Zokuhlaziya Ezizimeleyo

Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokulungisa ukulwa nokulungisa ijineli ibandakanya ukususa inkqubo yokubomvu kwemiqathango ezandleni zezobupolitika ezinomdla ngqo kwiziphumo. Ikhomishini yokulungisa iprojekthi inika enye indlela eqinisekisiweyo.

Ziyintoni Iintlanganiso Zokuhlaziya Ezizimeleyo?

IKhomishini ye- Independent Redilifeing Commission (IRC) liqumrhu elahlukeneyo nendlu yowiso-mthetho enembopheleleko yokuzoba izithili ezisetyenziswa kunyulo lwemithetho-mthetho. La magunya ayahluka ngokwemo ngokwemo-bume ngokwemeko-mbuso nganye, kodwa abelana ngenjongo efanayo yokudala inkqubo yokuzifinyeza ecace ngakumbi, engenamkhethe.

I-IRC zenzelwe ukwenza inkqubo yokuphinda icace gca nokungakhethi buso ngokumisela imigangatho yokuba ngubani oza kusebenza kumsebenzi kunye nemigaqo emele ilandelwe xa kuzoba iimaphu zesithili, ngezixhobo ezisebenzayo ezifuna abakhomishina ukuba banamathele kwimigaqo engqongqo, enjengokuba bathobele umgaqo-siseko worhulumente norhulumente, ukulingana kwabemi, ukukhusela ulwimi kunye neqela elincinane lesizwe, ukulingana, ukulingana, ukulingana, nokulingana, kunye, kunye nokulingana.

Imeko yaNgoku yeeKhomishini zokuHlaziya

Ngokwangoku, amaphondo angama-21 ase-U.S. anendlela ethile engeyopartisan okanye i-bipartisan reddia contification, kunye nala maphondo angama-21, ayi-13 asebenzisa iikhomishini ezibomvu ngokubhekiselele ngqo ukuzoba imida yesithili sokhetho. Amazwe asixhenxe – Arizona, California, Idaho, Michigan, Montana, kunye neWashington State – ayile imisebenzi ezimeleyo yabemi abanoxanduva lokuzoba nemidatha yephondo kwimimandla yephondo ekhethekileyo enganiki nzuzo engekho bulungisa.

Kwingqungquthela edityanisiweyo, amazwe alishumi elinanye asebenzisa iikhomishini ukuzoba iilayini zesithili zengingqi, kuquka ulawulo oluneendlela ezixubeneyo, nezisithoba zezi zingekho politiki, elinye ilizwe (New Jersey) elinomsebenzi wezopolitiko, kunye nelizwe elinye (iVriginia) elinenani elilinganayo lezobupolitika kunye neepolitiki.

Ubungqina Bokuphumelela kweKhomishini

Ikhomishini yokuzimela uluvo lokulungisa imodeli ezimeleyo inika indlela enye yokwakha kwakhona intembelo, kwaye ikhomishini yovoti abavunyiweyo baseKhalifoniya ifumene indumiso ngokususa le nkqubo ezandleni zabaqulunqi bomthetho. Ikhomishini yaseKhalifoniya iye yaba yimodeli kwamanye amazwe acinga ngotshintsho, ebonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa komgangatho ozimeleyo wokuhlaziya kungasebenza kwisikali kumazwe amakhulu, ahlukeneyo.

Ulungiso lohlaziyo lokwenza uhlaziyo lweziko lobunjani lwaphumela kwi mephu elungileyo, ngexa iinguqu ezimbalwa zomeleleyo zixhaphakile. Oku kufumana kugxininisa ukubaluleka koyilo logunyaziso. Asizizo zonke iinguqu ezilungisayo ezisebenzayo ezisebenzayo ngokulinganayo; ugunyaziso kufuneka zibe nenkululeko yokwenene, imigaqo ecacileyo, kunye nenxaxheba kawonke-wonke ecacileyo ukuphumelela.

Ngeli xesha izithili ezininzi zombutho zitsalwa ngeenkqubo zokonakalisa, iinkundla zeli lizwe kunye noorhulumente abazimeleyo befeza indima enkulu kunangaphambili, kunye nomjikelo obonakalayo wokubona iinguqu eziphawulekayo kuquka amazwe amabini awongezelelweyo asebenzisa iikhomishini ezizimeleyo okwesihlandlo sokuqala kunye nenani elandayo leemaphu ezizotyiweyo okanye ezilungiswe ziinkundla zikarhulumente, kunye neekhomishini ezizimeleyo kunye neenkundla nganye ezizoba isihlanu sesithili semibutho.

Ukuqinisekiswa komGaqo-siseko

Imingeni esemthethweni kwikhomishini yokuzimela ngokwayo yokulungisa imimandla iye yaconjululwa ngokunyanisekileyo. Ngo-2015, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States yakhupha isigqibo sayo kwi-Arizona State Legislature v. IKhomishini ye-Arizona Independent Rediconting, ilawula i-5-4 ukuba amakhomishini okuhlaziya ayisaphuli umGaqo-siseko wase-United States. Esi sigqibo sayilungisa indlela yokwamkela ikomishini yokufumana indawo esekelwe kwimithetho-siseko.

Indlela Abemi Abanokulwa Ngayo Nokuhlaselwa Kwamagciwane

Ngoxa ukubopha kusenokubonakala njengengxaki engalawulekiyo elawulwa zizinto ezinamandla zobupolitika, abemi ngabanye namaqela alungelelanisiweyo banokwenza umahluko osengqiqweni kwiintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuganana nokukhuthaza ubufundisi.

Lumkela Kukhetho Lonke

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo anokuyenza nawuphi na ummi kukuvota ngokuthe rhoqo, hayi kukhuphiswano lomongameli kuphela. Unyulo lwemithetho yowiso-mthetho lusoloko lufumana ingqalelo encinane kodwa lunendima enkulu ekuvuleni, ekubeni kumazwe amaninzi, iindlu zowiso-mthetho zilawula inkqubo yokutsala imaphu. Ukubhaliswa kwemiqathango yephondo kunye nempembelelo yonyulo yasekuhlaleni eza kuzoba iintambo zesithili emva kobalo olulandelayo.

Kwanakwizithili ezithe tye, kwimicimbi yokuvota. Ukujika okuphezulu kungasoyisa kwaneengxaki zesakhiwo eziphawulekayo, kwaye ukuba nenxaxheba ngokuzingisileyo kuthumela imiqondiso kwezobupolitika malunga nezinto eziza kuqala kuvota. Xa abemi begxeka ngenxa yokuqhatha, ngempazamo bomeleza inkqubo abayichasayo.

Ukuxhasa Imibutho Yotshintsho

Imibutho emininzi isebenza ngokukhethekileyo ekulungiseni nasekulweni nokulawula. Amaqela afana nesizathu esiqhelekileyo, uManyano lwaManyano lwaMasipala, i-FairVote, i-mediumUs, kunye nemibutho ecacileyo karhulumente ikhokela imigudu yokuseka iikhomishini yokuziqulunqa ii-triam ezizimeleyo nokukhuthaza iimaphu ezilungileyo.

Abemi bangayixhasa le mibutho ngeminikelo, ngeminikelo, ngokusebenza ngokuzithandela, nangokuvakalisa imiyalezo yabo kwi-intanethi. Uninzi lwala maqela lufuna amatsha - ntliziyo acela izicelo, agcina ii-asethi zefowuni, kunye nokuthumela ingeniso yoluntu. Kwaneminikelo encinane yexesha okanye imali ixhasa izibonelelo ezifunekayo kwimigudu yotshintsho yexesha elide.

Enye indlela yokulwa nokulawula kukudalwa kwemisebenzi ezimeleyo yokulungisa, iziqu ezahlulwe kwiindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente ezijongene nokuzoba isithili, kwaye ungafunda okuninzi ngokuzimela ulawulo-mthetho lweZiko lezemfundo kwiCampaignoial Legal DemocracyUt. Ubuncwane bemfundo obufana naba banceda abemi baluqonde ulungiso olunempumelelo utshintsho kwaye bakhuthaze.

Inxaxheba Kwinkqubo Yokuhlaziya

Iinkqubo zokuhlaziya ziquka amathuba okungena elubala, nangona ubukhulu kunye nentsingiselo yala mathuba yahlukile ngokwesizwe. Ingingqi kufuneka ibekho kumava kawonke-wonke kwiimaphu ezicetyiweyo, ikhuphe amagqabaza abhaliweyo, ingqina ngendlela izithili ezicetyiweyo eziza kuchaphazela ngayo abantu bazo.

I-IRC esebenzayo ifuna ugunyaziso lokuba kubekho ukuchotshelwa kwabantu, ukwenza ugcino-lwazi olusetyenziswayo ukuzoba iimaphu ezifumanekayo, ukwamkela amagqabaza kawonke-wonke, kwaye uvumela abavoti ukuba bangenise iimaphu kwi-intanethi. Xa la mathuba ekho, abemi kufuneka bawasebenzise ngokunenzuzo. Nakumazwe angenawo amagosa azimeleyo, uxinzelelo lukawonke-wonke-wonke lungaphembelela izigqibo zokuzoba imaphu.

Amaphondo amaninzi ngoku avumela abemi ukuba badwelise iimaphu zabo ezicetyiweyo kusetyenziswa i-software yokulungisa ekhoyo ekuhleni. Ngoxa izindlu zowiso-mthetho zinganyanzelekanga ukuba zifumane iimaphu ezitsalwa ngabemi, ezi zinikezele ezinye iindlela zekonkrithi ezinokusetyenziswa kwizicelo zegerrymander kwaye zibonisa ukuba iimaphu ezifanelekileyo zinokwenzeka.

Zifundise Wena Nabanye

I-Gerrymandering ihlala ingaqondwanga kakuhle ngabantu abaninzi, ngokwenxenye ngenxa yokuba ingumba onzima, wobugcisa. Abahlali bangalwa nalo msantsa wolwazi ngokuzifundisa ngendlela yokulungisa ulwazi kwilizwe labo nokubelana ngenkcazelo nabahlobo, intsapho, kunye namalungu oluntu.

Ukuqonda imithetho neenkqubo ezithile kwimeko yakho kubalulekile. Ngubani ozoba iimaphu? Ziziphi iintsingiselo ezimele zilandelwe? Ngawaphi amathuba akhoyo okungeniswa kukawonke-wonke? Ukuphendula le mibuzo kuxhobisa abemi ukuba basebenze ngokunempumelelo.

Iijelo eendaba ziluncedo ekuphandeni abantu.

Abameli Abaqanjisiweyo

Unxibelelwano olungqalileyo namagosa anyuliweyo lungaphezulu kunoko kuqonda abemi abaninzi. Abameli banikela ingqalelo kubantu abadibana nabo, ingakumbi xa befumana imiyalezo emininzi ngomxholo omnye. Ukumema, ukubhalela, okanye ukubhalela urhulumente wemithetho kunye namalungu eBhunga malunga notshintsho olucwangcisiweyo longeza uxinzelelo lotshintsho.

Xa uqhagamshelana nabameli, yiba nentsingiselo ngoko ukufunayo. Inkxaso kwimisebenzi yokuzimela, ukuchasana nokudityaniswa kweebhayisikile phakathi kwibhayisikile, okanye ukuxhasa umthetho othile wotshintsho lunika amagosa ulwalathiso olucacileyo. Amabali obuqu angokuchaphazela indlela ukuqhuba ingingqi yakho okanye ingqiqo yakho yokumela inokuba namandla ngayo ngokukhethekileyo.

Ukuqalisa kwebhola yokulwa

Kumatyala anezicwangciso zokhetho, abemi bangavota ngqo kutshintsho olucacileyo. Ngo-2018, abavoti kumazwe amane – iColorado, iMichigan, iMissouri, ne-Utah – i-otah evunyiweyo amanyathelo okudala i-IRCs, kunye ne-Ohio igqithise umlinganiselo wotshintsho olubomvu. La manyathelo anyanzelekileyo abemi angqineka eluncedo ekulungiseni xa izenzo zomthetho zingekho mthethweni.

Ukuxhasa amanyathelo okuvota kubandakanya ukuhlanganisa, ukuvota, kunye nemigudu yokufumana uncedo. Abami bangasebenza ngokuzithandela kula maphulo, banikele ukuxhasa, kwaye okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuvota amanyathelo okuguqula izinto xa bevela kumavoti.

Noko ke, ayiyiyo yonke imigudu yotshintsho ephumeleleyo. Ngexesha lonyulo lukaNovemba 2024, abavoti base Ohio bakhaba intelekelelo yomgaqo-siseko ecetyiweyo eyayiza kuseka ikomishini yokulungisa i-redifigi ekhoyo ephindaphinda imaphu engamiselwanga, kunye noloyiso olunxulumene nokudideka kolwimi kumbuzo webhola. Oku kubonisa ukubaluleka konxibelelwano olucacileyo kunye namanyathelo acwangcisiweyo.

Ukujongwa kwengxelo

Abahlali bangasebenzisa izixhobo ezikhoyo ekuhlalutyeni iimaphu ezicetyiweyo nokuchonga iprojekthi enokwenzeka. Izicwangciso zikhuthaza ubulungisa kwinkqubo yokulungisa ngokukwenza kube lula kubenzi bemithetho kunye nabameli ukuzoba iimaphu ezintsha zesithili nokuvavanya ukuba zilungile okanye zikho. Izixhobo ezifanayo zikho kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo yemfundo kunye nezobuchule.

Xa uhlalutyo lutyhila iimaphu ezineengxaki, abemi bangayizisa le ngxelo kumajelo-ndaba, bayinike imibutho ekhuthaza ubugxwayiba, baze bayinikele ekuchotshelweni kwabantu ngokubanzi. Ii-data-driven critique zinobunzima obukhethekileyo kwiingxoxo ezivuselelayo, njengoko beqhubela phambili ingxubusho ngaphaya kwezityholo eziphenjelelweyo ngokweenjongo zobulungisa.

Izakhono Zokwakhelana Ngaphaya Kwemigca Yeqela

Imigudu yokuguqula isebenza kakhulu xa idlula kwicandelo elijongene nocalucalulo. Nangona iimaphu ezithile zinokulingenela iqela elinye kunelinye, umgaqo wokumela imelo lobulungisa ufanele uthakazelele abemi kulo lonke icala lezobupolitika. Ukwakha imibutho equka amaRiphabliki, amaDemocrates, kunye nozimeleyo kuqinisa imibutho yokuguqula izinto kwaye kuyenze kube nzima ukuba abezobupolitika bayilahle njengeentlaselo zobuphekula.

Ukugxininisa imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo `ifair', unyulo lokhuphiswano, urhulumente osabelayo .=inceda ukwakha le mibutho. Xa abemi abasuka kwiimvelaphi ezahlukahlukeneyo zezobupolitika bemanyene kutshintsho olulungisayo, babonisa ukuba lo mba udlula ucalucalulo oluqhelekileyo.

Izixhobo kunye nezibonelelo zokulwa nomkhosi worhwebo

Kufuneka ukwazi ukufikelela inkcazelo ethembekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo. Ngethamsanqa kukho oovimba abaninzi bokunceda abemi balapho baqonde baze balwe nokusetyenziswa kwe-gerrydering.

Izixhobo Zokuzoba

Imibutho emininzi inikela izixhobo zesisa zokuhlalutya iimaphu eziphindiweyo. Isicwangciso se-Score, esiphuhliswe liZiko leCampaign Legal, sivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafake iimaphu zesithili baze bafumane ubuninzi beemilingo ezahlukeneyo zobulungisa. IPrinceton Gerrymandering Project inikeza iRedigiging Report Carding Cardis yecandelo locawa. I-Dave' Redificiting App yenza abemi badwelise iimaphu zabo baze babone indlela abanokuzenza ngayo izicwangciso-nkqubo ezahlukeneyo.

Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa uhlalutyo lomgangatho ophantsi, zivumela abemi abaqhelekileyo ukuba babandakanye kwinkalo zobugcisa zovavanyo lwemaphu. Ngelixesha izibalo ezisemva kokufumana i-gerrymander zinokuba ntsokothile, ezi platfomu zenza iziphumo zifikeleleke kwiingcali ezingezozabugcisa.

Oovimba Bemfundo

Intlangano enjengeBrennan Center for Justice, Common Cange, kunye neFairVote igcina amathala eencwadi amakhulu eengxelo, abahlalutyi, kunye nezinto zokufundisa malunga notshintsho kunye nokuhlaziya. Ezi zixhobo zinceda abemi balapho baqonde ingxaki kunye nezisombululo ezinokwenzeka.

Amaziko afundisayo akwafak ’ isandla ekuqondeni abantu ngokubanzi. Iqela leMetricc Geometry kunye neGrerymandering kwiYunivesithi yaseTufts, iQuantington Gerrymandering kwiYunivesithi yaseDuke, kunye namanyathelo afanayo anika uphando olunzima olufikelelekayo kubantu abaphulaphule ngokubanzi.

Inkxaso yoqikelelo olusemthethweni

Imingeni yasemthethweni iye yadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulweni nokupheliswa kwemithetho, ingakumbi kumatyala achasene nemigaqo-siseko echasene nentlalo-ntle okanye i-gerrymaning. Imibutho efana neZiko leCambhini leMicimbi, i-ACLU, kunye neKomiti yoLawulo yamalungelo abantu phantsi koMthetho i-gergergermanrigate yamatyala kwaye inika inkxaso esemthethweni kwimigudu yolungiso.

Nangona abemi ngabanye bengawabhali ngokwabo la matyala, banokuxhasa ngeminikelo, basebenze njengabasebenzi abaqhelekileyo xa kufanelekile, kwaye bakhulise uloyiso olusemthethweni ngomaziko eendaba nangokhuthuzo lwasekuhlaleni.

Amaqela oTshintsho oluZinzileyo lweRhulumente

Amazwe amaninzi anemibutho ejolise ngqo kutshintsho olukwimida yawo. I Voters Not Politives zayikhokela ngokunempumelelo iphulo lokuseka loo ntlanganiso yelizwe ezimeleyo yokuhlaziya. Amaqela afanayo akhona kumazwe amaninzi, ngokufuthi enolwazi olunzulu lwezinyanzelo zezobupolitika zasekuhlaleni kunye nemithetho ephindaphindiweyo.

Ukudibana nemibutho engqamene ne-odolo inika amathuba okufumana ubuchule bokulwa, obusebenzayo. La maqela ayayiqonda imingeni namathuba athile kumaphondo awo kwaye anokunikezela amandla ommi kwiinkqubo ezinika ithemba lotshintsho.

Imo Ebanzi: Isizathu Sokuba Ukhetho Lobunyulu Lubaluleke

Ukulwa i-gerrymander ayikufutshane nje neenkqubo zobugcisa zokutsala imaphu; kungokugcina ulawulo lwedemokhrasi nokuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente uhlala esabela kubantu abasebenza kubo.

Umelo nokuzinzisa

Xa izithili zitsalwa kakuhle, amagosa anyuliweyo kufuneka abhenele kwii-continuts ezibanzi aze ahlale esabela kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo. Izithili ezikhuphisanayo zifaka umlinganiselo kunye nokulalanisa, njengoko abezobupolitika bengenakukuthatha lula ukoyisa. Oku kuvelisa ulawulo olungcono nemigaqo ebonakalisa ukhetho lwabavoti bokwenyani kunokuba bathathele ingqalelo egqithiseleyo.

Ngokuchasene noko, kudala izihlalo ezikhuselekileyo apho abezobupolitika bajongene nezisongelo zabo ezinkulu zokhetho kumaziko aphezulu kunokuba bakhethe jikelele. Oku kuqhubela abameli ekutyebeni ngokweengcamango kwaye kunciphisa intsebenziswano ye-bipartisan. Iziphumo zokuhlaliswa kwemimandla kunye nokupheliswa kwe-transki ziphazamisa abavoti kwaye zinciphisa ukholo kumaqumrhu edemokhrasi.

Ukukhusela Ubuncinane Bezinto Ezinelungelo Lokudlulisela Amalungelo

Ngoxa i-gerrymandering ekhetha ubuhlanga ifumana ingqalelo ephawulekayo, isithili sobuhlanga sitsala isithili ukuthomalalisa amandla okuvota kweqela elincinane leentlanga, "ii-PNP] ihlala iyinkxalabo enzulu. I-Voting Rights Act inikela ukhuseleko oluthile kwi-gerrymaning, kodwa ukunyanzelisa kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kwaye kuhlaziswe.

Iinkqubo zoqikelelo olufanelekileyo kufuneka zilungelelanise ulwakhiwo oluninzi, kuquka ukuqinisekisa ukuba uluntu olunombala lunamathuba afanelekileyo okunyula abameli bokhetho lwalo. Iikhomishini ezizimeleyo zokukhetha ezinamalungu ahlukeneyo nemigaqo ecacileyo yokukhusela amalungelo okuvota amancinane zinika eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufikelela olu lungelelwano.

Ukomeleza Umthetho Wedemokhrasi

Oorhulumente bedemokhrasi bafumana ilungelo labo elisemthethweni ngokuvuma kwabo balawulwayo, ababoniswa ngonyulo olukhululekileyo nolufanelekileyo. Xa abemi beqonda ukuba iziphumo zonyulo zimiselwe kwangaphambili ngokusebenzisa imaphu, oku kungukuphela komthetho. Ukulwa nokulwa kuphumeza injongo ebanzi yokulondoloza intembelo yoluntu kumaziko edemokhrasi.

Iinkqubo zokulungisa ezifanelekileyo eziphawulwa ngokuba mhlophe, ukuthatha inxaxheba kukawonke-wonke, nokunamathela kwimigaqo yobundilele kunceda ekubuyiseleni le ntembelo. Xa abemi bebona ukuba iimaphu zizoba kakuhle, basengozini yokwamkela iziphumo zokhetho kwanaxa abo bathandayo belahlekelwa.

Iingxaki Nemiqobo Ethintela Utshintsho

Nangona ukwanda kolwazi lwengozi yegermering kunye nokunyuka kwenkxaso kutshintsho, imiqobo ebalulekileyo isekhona. Ukuqonda ezi nzame kunceda abaxhasi bavelise iindlela ezisebenzayo.

I-ECD

Owona mqobo ungundoqo ekulungiseni utshintsho kukuba abantu abanamandla okuguqula inkqubo ````abalawuli abangoomthetho abaphezulu)) badla ngokungenelwa kumalungiselelo angoku. Ukucela abezobupolitika ukuba ngokuzithandela bancame amandla okuzoba izithili zabo bafuna ukuba bathathe inyathelo ngokuchasene nozixabisileyo.

Oku kuchaza isizathu sokuba utshintsho lusoloko lubakho ngokusetyenziswa kwezivumelwano zokhuphiswano, izigqibo zenkundla, okanye amaxesha anqabileyo okuvumelana nge-bipartis kunokuba kwenziwe iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zowiso-mthetho. Ukuxhathisa ukuxhathisa okungaqhelekanga kufuna uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lukawonke-wonke, yaye, ngokufuthi, ukupheliswa komGaqo-siseko okudlula abagcini-sango bemithetho.

Imigaqo esemthethweni neyomGaqo-siseko

Isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo kuRucho v. IMbango eqhelekileyo yavala iinkundla zephondo kwizivumelwano zokwaphula umthetho, ishiya imigudu yotshintsho ixhomekeke kwimithetho-siseko karhulumente nakwinkundla yephondo. Oku kudala umsebenzi odityanisiweyo apho amanye amazwe anokhuseleko olusemthethweni oluqinileyo kwi-gerrymander xa amanye engenayo.

Imimiselo yomgaqo-siseko wesizwe yahluka kakhulu kwindlela abaphatha ngayo ukuthatyathwa komgaqo-siseko. Eminye imimiselo yorhulumente iqulathe ulwimi olucacileyo oluchasene nomthetho, ngoxa eminye ingathethi nto kule mbambano. Abameli kufuneka basebenze phakathi kwezi zicwangciso zomthetho ezahlukeneyo, ezisenokufuna ukutshintshwa komgaqo-siseko kwamanye amazwe.

Ubuntlola bobuchule

Ukuhlenga-hlengisa kubandakanya urhwebo oluntsonkothileyo phakathi kwamaxabiso akhuphisanayo: ukulingana kwabemi, ukudibana, ukulondoloza uluntu olunomdla, ukukhusela amalungelo amancinane okuvota, kunye nokukhetha okusesikweni. Akukho maphu inye ekwazi ukugqwesa ngokugqibeleleyo yonke le miqathango ngexesha elinye, idala ukungavumelani ngokokwenyaniso malunga nokuba yeyiphi imaphu "ye-mephu".

Le ngxaki ingasetyenziswa ngabo bakhusela iimaphu ezifakwe igermander, abanokwalatha kwimiqathango enye okanye emibini yeemaphu zabo ezanelisayo ngoxa bengazihoyi ezinye. Ikwakwenza kube nzima ukunxibelelana noluntu, njengokuba kuchazwa isizathu sokuba imaphu ethile ifakwe ibhodi exhotyisiweyo ifuna uhlalutyo lobugcisa olungenakuchukumisa abaphulaphuli ngokubanzi.

Name

Kubume bezobupolitika obungahlukanga kakhulu ngoku, kwanotshintsho lwentsingiselo eninzi njengomsebenzi ozimeleyo wokulungisa iinguqu ungaba ziindawo ezijikelezayo. Xa omnye umntu ekholelwa ukuba iyingenelo kwinkqubo yangoku, ingachasa utshintsho oluya kucutha indawo yokudlala, luzijikelele njengamandla okhuseleko abamba kwelinye icala.

Ukoyisa oku kuhlahlela-nyuka kufuna ukugxininisa iingenelo ezingezozacawa zokwahlula nokudibanisa amalungu amaqela amakhulu. Imigudu yotshintsho enokubonakalisa inkxaso ye-bipartis inamathuba angcono kakhulu okuphumelela kunalawo athathwa njengengenelo elinye iqela.

Umahluko kavimba

Ubuchule obunexabiso eliphezulu bufuna ubugcisa obubiza imali eninzi, ugcino-lwazi, kunye nobuchule. Ngexa ezi zixhobo zifumaneka ngokukhulayo ukuguqula abaxhasi, amaqela ezobupolitika anyuswe kakhulu kunye namaqela anomdla asoloko enazo iingenelo kwimithombo yobuncwane kunye nobuchule bobugcisa. Oku kusetyenziswa kobuchule kunokwenza kube nzima kumaqela abemi ukukhuphisana kwiinkalo zobugcisa zeengxoxo zokuncitshiswa kwemithetho.

Noko ke, ukwenziwa komgangatho wobugcisa bokuzoba kunye nokubandakanyeka kophandi abafundayo kuye kwanceda ekulinganiseni lo mmandla wokudlala ngandlel ’ ithile. Ukuvula imvelaphi yezixhobo zokuhlaziya kunye noncedo lobugcisa lweprobono olusuka kwiiyunivesithi kunika abaxhasi bomxhasi abanokusixhathisa.

Ukukhangela Phambili: Ikamva Lotshintsho Oluhlaziyayo

Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki ezinkulu, umgudu wokulungisa izinto uyaqhubeka ukhula.

Ukwanda Kolwazi Ngoluntu

Ukwazisa uluntu nge-gerrymerder ngokuphawulekayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, okuqhutywa yingxelo yamajelo eendaba, amaphulo okukhuthaza ubusela, kunye neziphumo ezibonakalayo zoorhulumente abagqithisileyo. Oku kuqonda okukhulayo kudala indawo yezobupolitika yokuguqula engakho kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo.

Uluvo lubonisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuba izakhiwo ezinkulu zamaMelika, ngaphaya kwemigca esukruthayo, zixhasa utshintsho oluhlaziyiweyo kwaye zichasa ukuguqulelwa kwemithetho echasanayo. Ukudlulisela le nkxaso jikelele kwinkxaso ethile yolungiso olukhethekileyo kufuna ulungiso oluqhubekayo noluphantsi kolawulo, kodwa iimvakalelo zikawonke-wonke zinika isiseko esiqinileyo.

Ukuhambela phambili kobugcisa

Kwale nkqubela-phambili yobugcisa eyenza ukuba isikhephe sikwazi ukujika-jika isikhephe sibone izixhobo zokufumana nokulwa. Uhlalutyo oludityanisiweyo, oluthelekisa iimaphu zokwenene namawaka ezixhobo ezisetyenziswa yikhompyutha, lunika ubungqina obunamandla bobuchule obunokuqondwa ziinkundla noluntu.

Njengokuba ezi zixhobo zonyango lweziphene zifumaneka ngokulula kwaye iziphumo zazo zisasazwa ngokubanzi, ukukhusela ngokucacileyo iimaphu ezixhotyisiweyo kuba nzima kakhulu ngokwezobupolitika. Ukubonakala ngaphaya kwengqondo kunye nokufumaneka kogcino-lwazi kubangela ukuphendula okunokuthi kunyanzelise ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwemaphu.

Inkqubela yomgangatho karhulumente

Ngelixesha isenzo sorhulumente kwi-gerrymander sihlala sivingqwe, utshintsho lomgangatho karhulumente luyaqhubeka luhambela phambili. Umiselo ngalunye olunempumelelo lwekhomishini yokulungisa ezimeleyo lunika imodeli yezinye iindawo kwaye lubonisa ukuba ezinye iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa kumthetho wokuhlaziya iinguqu zingasebenza.

Iinkundla eziphakamileyo zelizwe ziye zadlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi ekuqhubeni amapolisa phantsi kommiselo womgaqo-siseko wesizwe. Ngoxa ezinye iinkundla ziye zarhoxa kule ndima, ezinye zinyanzelise imida enentsingiselo ekusetyenzisweni kwemaphu yabaququzeleli. Le ndlela yesizwe ngokwesivakalisi, ngeli lixa ingalinganiyo, iveze iimpumelelo eziphawulekayo zokulungisa imibala ngokufanelekileyo.

Umthetho oCwangcisiweyo

Nangona umthetho wolungiso lwezindululo wequmrhu ungekadluliselwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iingcebiso zisaqhubeka ziqaliswa. Inkululeko yoMthetho weVote, oya kumisela imilinganiselo yesizwe echasene nokusetyenziswa kwe-gerrymandering egqithisileyo, isondele ekudluleni kwaye inokwenziwa ukuba iimeko zezobupolitika ziyatshintsha.

Umthetho womanyano unganikela ukhuseleko olufanayo nxamnye nomthetho olawula ilizwe lonke, ukuphelisa umsebenzi wangoku wesiqendu semithetho karhulumente. Noko ke, umthetho onjalo ujongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo yezobupolitika kwaye ujongene neengxaki ezingokomthetho. Abameli kufuneka baxhase imigudu yotshintsho lorhulumente ngeli lixa beqhubeka besukela umgangatho karhulumente.

Umjikelo woHlahlo loLutsha wama-2030

Umjikelo olandelayo ongundoqo wokulungisa uqikelelo emva kobalo-manani lwama-2030 unika ithuba elibalulekileyo lohlaziyo. Abameli baneminyaka eliqela ukuseka iikhomishini ezizimeleyo zokulungisa, ukomeleza ukhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko wesizwe, kwaye bakha inkxaso kawonke-wonke ukwenzela iimaphu ezifanelekileyo.

Amazwe amkela utshintsho phambi konyaka wama-2030 aza kusebenzisa ezo ziphumo kumjikelo olandelayo wokulungisa, angenza iimaphu ezifanelekileyo eziza kulawula unyulo kulo lonke ixesha lee-2030. Oku kwenza ungxamiseko ngemigudu yotshintsho, njengoko iinguqu ezenziwe ngoku ziza kuba neziphumo ezihlala iminyaka elishumi okanye ngaphezulu.

Ukuthabatha Inyathelo: Indima Yakho Ekulweleni Ukhetho Olufanelekileyo

Ukulwa nokunganyangeki kufuna ukuba abemi bathenjiswe ngokuqhubekayo kwiindawo ezininzi. Ngoxa ucelomngeni lubalulekile, izenzo zomntu ngamnye zibangela uxinzelelo olufunekayo ukuze kuhlaziywe.

Qala Ubulali

Ukuphumelela kobuchule kudla ngokuqala kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni. Yiya kwibhunga lesixeko kunye neentlanganiso zengingqi zombutho. Dibanisa nezahluko zolwakhiwo lwezi inguqulelo. Nxulumanisa nabamelwane abanoxanduva olunxulumene nomelo olulungileyo. Olu qhagamshelwano lwasekuhlaleni lunika isiseko semigudu yokufumana i-advocacy.

Amagosa asekuhlaleni asoloko enempembelelo engqalileyo kubamisi-mthetho bamazwe kunokuba abemi besazi. Ukwakha ulwalamano namagosa asekuhlaleni anyuliweyo nokuwakhuthaza ukuba axhase utshintsho olufuna utshintsho kusenokudala ingcinezelo enzulu.

Yenze Ibe Yeyakho

Xa ukhuthaza utshintsho, amabali obuqu avakala ngamandla kuneengxoxo ezingekho ngqiqweni. Ukuvota kwakho akunamsebenzi na? Ukhe wavakalelwa kukuba ukhetho lwakho alunamsebenzi kuba isithili sakho singaqhathani? Ngaba uyabona uluntu lwakho luqhekene kwimimandla emininzi ngendlela ehlasimlisa ilizwi lalo?

Ukubelana ngamava obuqu namagosa anyuliweyo, ekuchotshelweni kwetyala likawonke-wonke, kunye nokukhuthuza ngejelo leendaba kunceda ukuba ingxaki engacacanga yokuqhuba ikonkrithi kunye ne-relable. Abenzi besigqibo baphendula kumava aphilayo abameli.

Hlala Unolwazi Uze Ube Nesabelo

Utshintsho lohlaziyo luyiprojekthi ende efuna ingqalelo eqhubekayo. Landela imibutho esebenza kule miba. Sayina kuluhlu lwe-imeyili kunye nezenzo zolumkiso. Hlala waziswe malunga nophuhliso oluhlaziyayo kwilizwe lakho nakwilizwe lakho.

Xa kuvela amathuba okwenza isenzo — ukuva okusemngciphekweni, amavoti ewiso-mthetho, amanyathelo okuvota abasebenzi , kulungela ukusabela ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba nesiseko sabemi abathenjiweyo, abakulungeleyo ukulungiselela ukwenza imigudu yokuzilungiselela kwenza ukuba iphumelele ngakumbi.

Yakha Iimeko Ezahlukileyo

Intlangano yeenguqu eziphumelelayo ihlanganisa abantu abavela kwiimeko zezobupolitika abamanyene ngokuzibophelela ekumeleni ngokusesikweni. Funa amathuba okusebenza nabantu abasenokungavumelani nawe kwimibandela yezomgaqo-siseko kodwa abazabelana ngokuzinikela kwakho kwiinkqubo zedemokhrasi.

Ezi ntlobo-ntlobo zidibeneyo ziyakwazi ukumelana, kunzima ukuzilahla njengee-creaders, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuqhuba kakuhle iingxaki zezobupolitika zotshintsho. Zikwafuzisela uhlobo lwentsebenziswano enqamlezayo elungele ukukhuthaza ukuthamba okufanelekileyo.

Cinga Ixesha elide

Ukuhlengahlengisa kunqabile ukuba kwenzeke ngokukhawuleza. Amaphulo aphumelelayo adla ngokufuna iminyaka yokulungiselela, imfundo, kunye nokuyila ngaphambi kokuba uphumelele. Ukugcina imbopheleleko phezu kwalo mda omde kufuna ukulindela okusengqiqweni nokubhiyozelwa kwenkqubela ekhawulezileyo.

Uloyiso ngalunye oluncinane .a olunempumelelo ekuchotshelweni kukawonke-wonke, ummisi-mthetho otshintsha isimo, unyuso lwezitena-mathematika oluya kubangela impumelelo ekugqibeleni. Ukuqonda nokuyila kwezi nzuzo zolwahlulo kunceda ukuxhasa uxinzelelo ukutyhubela imiqobo engaphephekiyo.

Izenzo Ezibalulekileyo Ezinokuthatyathwa Ngummi Wonke

Ukwenza indlela ibheke phambili ikonkrithi, nazi izenzo ezingqalileyo ezinokuthathwa ngummi ukulwa nokulwa nokunyuswa konyulo olufanelekileyo:

  • Umbhalisi wokuvota nokuvota kuzo zonke iinyulo, ingakumbi ugqatso lowiso-mthetho olumisela ukuba ngubani olawula ukuvuselelwa
  • Funda ngemithetho ehlaziyayo kunye neenkqubo kwimo yakho ngokutyelela i-website yendlu yowiso-mthetho karhulumente okanye ngokuqhagamshelana nemibutho yolungiso
  • Ukurhoxa okanye ukunikela kwiintlangano ezisebenza kutshintsho oluhlaziyayo njengoMbangi oPhakamileyo, uManyano lwaMantokazi Voters, okanye amaqela angqalileyo karhulumente
  • Uchotho lukawonke-wonke olukwindawo ebomvu kwaye ngenisa amagqabaza kwiimephu ezicetyiweyo xa amathuba evela
  • Cwangcisa abalungisi-mithetho besizwe sakho ukuchaza inkxaso kwisebe lokulungisa elizimeleyo kunye nenkcaso kwi gerrymanding
  • Sebenzisa izixhobo zekhompyutha ukuhlalutya iimaphu ezicetyiweyo kwaye wabelane nabanye ngezinto ozifumeneyo ngoncedo lwezibonelelo zezentlalo kunye neenxuwa zoluntu
  • Ukukhuthaza abahlobo, intsapho, kunye namalungu oluntu malunga negerrymaning kunye nesizathu sokuba imicimbi yokuhlaziya
  • Iindlela zokufaka ithala lezixhobo kutshintsho olulungisayo ngokudibanisa, iminikelo, kunye nokuvota
  • Oonobumba bokubhala kumhleli kunye nee-eads kumaphephandaba asekuhlaleni malunga nemibandela yokubomvu koluvo kuluntu lwakho
  • Umxhasi wamaphulo abaxhasa abamisela utshintsho lohlaziyo
  • Iindaba zokwabelana kunye nolwazi malunga nokulawula kumaziko eendaba oluntu ukunyusa ulwazi phakathi kweenethwekhi zakho
  • Paricipate kuluntu lweefocus neengxoxo malunga nomelo nokhetho olusesikweni
  • ihlanganisa imidibaniso enqamleza imigca ye-valute ngokufumana umhlaba ofanayo nabantu abakwabelana ngesabelo sakho kunyulo olulungileyo
  • Hlala usazisile malunga nolungiso olukwicandelo elincinci kwimo yakho kwaye uxhase imingeni esemthethweni kwiimaphu ezithe tye
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukuqukumbela uthengiso lwasekuhlaleni ukugubungela imiba yokuhlaziya ngokucebisa iingcamango zamabali nokunika imithombo yengcali

Isiphelo: Ulawulo - melo Lufuna Ukuba ngummi Okhutheleyo

I-Gerrymander imela esinye sezisongelo eziphambili kulawulo-melo lwabameli be-United States namhlanje. Ngokuvumela abezobupolitika ukuba bakhethe abavoti babo kunokuba bavote bekhethe abameli babo, kuguqula umgaqo osisiseko wolawulo lwedemokhrasi. Umphumo wokugqwetha ``ukungaqhathanisi lunyulo, unyulo lwezopolitiko oludibeneyo, ukuncitshiswa kwetyala, nokuthemba kukawonke wonke.

Noko ke, ukulwa akuyonto ingenakuphepheka kwezobupolitika zaseMerika. Izakhamuzi zinamandla okufuna nokufikelela utshintsho ngokusetyenziswa kobuchule obungaguquguqukiyo, uxinzelelo lukawonke-wonke, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kocwangco. Ukusekwa kookhomishini abazimeleyo bokuzihlaziya kumaphondo amaninzi kubonisa ukuba utshintsho lunokwenzeka xa abemi belungiselela ngokunempumelelo.

Ukulwela unyulo olufanelekileyo kufuna ukuba abemi abaqhelekileyo bavume ukubotshwa kunyulo, bakulungele ukuchitha ixesha namandla ukukhusela imilinganiselo yedemokhrasi. Enoba ngovota, ngokufundisa, okanye ngokwakha umbutho, wonke umntu angafak' isandla kwinkqubela ebanzi yokuhlaziya. Ezi zenzo, ziphindaphindeke kumawaka abemi abatsha abathenjiweyo, zidala ingcinezelo yezopolitiko efunekayo ukoyisa izilangazelelo ezisemgangathweni zenze iphucule intsingiselo yento ethile.

Unyulo olufanelekileyo asingombandela wokhetho kodwa ngumgaqo wedemokhrasi osisiseko ofanele umanyanise abemi kumacala ahlukeneyo ezobupolitika. Xa izithili zitsalwa ngokufanelekileyo, xa ukhuphiswano, kwaye xa abameli kufuneka baphendule kwii-intertitutions ezahlukeneyo, imisebenzi yedemokhrasi njengoko kucetyiwe. Ukufumana lo mbono kufuna ukuqaphela ukuba idemokhrasi ayiyo imfuneko esebenzayo, eqinisekileyo, enyanzelekileyo evela kubemi abazimisele ukuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente umela abantu ngenene.

Umjikelo olandelayo wokulungisa ummandla uza kufika, kwaye izigqibo eziza kwenziwa kwiminyaka ezayo ziza kubumba idemokhrasi yaseMerika kamashumi eminyaka. Lo mzuzu ufuna abemi ukuba baqhubekele phambili, bazifundise ngokuhlaziya, babandakanye nemigudu yokuguqula, baze bafune ukuba abameli babo baxhase iinkqubo zokukhutshwa kweemaphu ezifanelekileyo. Ulawulo-demokhrasi lwaseMerika luxhomekeke kubemi abakulungeleyo ukulwela umgaqo wokuba ivoteji nganye ifanele imele imeleke ngokulinganayo kwaye namazwi onke afanele imele imelo elilungileyo.

Indima yakho ekuqinisekiseni ukuba unyulo olufanelekileyo luqala ngokuqonda ingxaki, iqhubekeka ngokuzibophelela ngokuzinzileyo nezisombululo, kwaye ifikelela kwisiphelo sokuxhasa okuqhubekayo kotshintsho. Idemokhrasi iyaqiniswa xa abemi bethabatha imbopheleleko yokukhusela amaziko neenkqubo zayo. Umlo nxamnye norhulumente omelayo ngokusisiseko ngumlo womphefumlo ofuna ukuba nenxaxheba.

Inkcazelo eyongezelelekileyo yotshintsho nendlela yokungena, tyelela i [[FLT: 0] Brennan Center yeJaji, Common Part, , [[FLT]] i-Campagignment Center [[[FLT:] esemthethweni , [[FLT], [[FLT]] iPrign Project , kunye [[FLT:]] i-Fairovo [[FLT]] ukwenzela oovimba, izixhobo, izixhobo, namathuba ezenzo.