Unyulo lumela eyona ndlela ithe ngqo yokuba abemi babumbe ikhondo likarhulumente wabo. Ngokukhetha abameli kunye nokugqiba kumanyathelo okucholachola, ivolotate imisela ulungelelwano lwamandla kunye nenkqubo ephambili kumgangatho wonke wolawulo. Kukude ukuba ngumsebenzi olula wokulawula, inkqubo esebenzayo esebenzayo isiseko apho ukugunyazisa kwelizwe ledemokhrasi kuhlala khona. Inika indlela ecwangcisiweyo, yoxolo yokucombulula iingxabano zezobupolitika, iqinisekisa ukuba amandla adlula kungengangogonyamelo okanye inzala, kodwa ngokuvumelana kolawulo. Ukuqonda indlela le nkqubo esebenzayo.

Iintsika Zolawulo - melo Olukhulu

Ulongamo Oluqhelekileyo Nomelo

Embilinini, unyulo, ukwenziwa kwengcamango yolawulo oluqhelekileyo: ingcamango yokuba onke amandla ezobupolitika aqala kubantu. Abalawuli baphunyezwa ngabameli abanikwe eli gunya ngokwexesha elisisigxina. Olu lwalamano lwentloko-mikhosi luyilwe ngobuninzi bonyulo, abameli abanyanzelisayo ukuba bahlale bevisisana neemfuno kunye nokhetho lwabo oluqhelekileyo. Indlu yabameli ijongene nolwahlulo rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini, idala ijelo elingaguquguqukiyo novoti basekuhlaleni, ngelixa iSenators isebenza ngokwemiyalelo emithandathu yeminyaka ukuvumela isantya esithe rhoqo. Le njongo yenzelwe ukulungele ukusabela ngokukhawulezileyo macala.

Ukuphendula kunye neFekta yoNxeko

Isixhobo esiyintloko sokubamba amagosa anokuphendula yibhokisi yokufaka ityala. Abalawuli bangavuza ngokunempumelelo kunye nomthetho wesandi ngokhetho okanye ngokuvumela ukungenzi kakuhle ngokuvota ngomcebisi. Noko ke, ukuphendula akuzenzeli ngokwayo. Oku kudla ngokungenelwa kwinzuzo eyakhelweyo, kuquka ulwamkelo olukhudlwana, ukufikelela lula kubaniki-zibonelelo bephulo, kunye namandla okusebenzisa ubuncwane obusemthethweni ukunxibelelana nee-ajusties. Kwimijikelo yonyulo, ngaphezulu kwe-90% yendlu ekwi-Cumbrents iyaphinda iphinde isetyenziswe. Ukuqhekeza le intentia kusoloko kufuna itshayeza ebalulekileyo okanye isihlazo, ukubalazisa oku kusebenza kakuhle xa umvoti ophezulu ebhaliswe kakhulu.

Ukuba Ngumthetheli - mthetho Nokuthuthwa Kolawulo Ngoxolo

Uphawu oluchazayo lwedemokhrasi esempilweni kukuvuma ukuphulukana nabatshatisiweyo ukwamkela iziphumo zonyulo nokuvuma. Oku kufuduselwa koxolo kwamandla kuko okwahlula ulawulo lwedemokhrasi kulawulo lobuzwilane, apho amandla adla ngokubanjwa okanye agcinwe ngamandla. Umthetho wenkqubo yonke uxhomekeke ekuthembeni koluntu ukuba inkqubo ilungile kwaye iziphumo ziyazukiswa. Xa oku kuthemba kuphelelwa, isivumelwano sentlalo siyancitshiswa. Oku kungenxa yokokuba imigaqo ecacileyo yokubala ivoti, iziphumo zokuvavanya, ukuqululisa, kunye nokuqinisekisa abaphumeleleyo zibalulekile kwimpilo ye-Riphabliki.

Ukuhamba kweNdawo ePhakamileyo: Iintlobo kunye neeNkqubo

Umanyano, uRhulumente, kunye nee-ofisi zoLongfo

Inkqubo yezenyuselo yaseMelika inkulu kwaye igqunywe. Ngaphezu koko, kwiqela elinye, umvoti angavota umongameli, ummeli we-U.S. umlawuli wesizwe, irhuluneli, umkhomishinala wengingqi, ilungu lebhodi yesikolo, kunye nejaji. Le nkqubo idityanisiweyo ithetha ukuba intsingiselo yezopolitiko yesizwe yezobupolitika isoloko inemvelaphi kulawulo lwasekuhlaleni. Ngaphezu koko, inani elipheleleyo leendawo ezinyuliweyo lidala i "lobolot," enokuba nzima kubavoti. Oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuchazwa kweqela njengezinqumla zenkcazelo kunye nendima yemibutho yemibutho yezakhono yoluntu ekufundiseni uwonke kwimijaho yoluntu kwimijaho esezantsi yobomi bemihla ngemihla.

Iimali: Abagcini - mkhosi bebhola

Phambi konyulo jikelele, amaqela ezobupolitika kufuneka akhethe abathwali-wonga bawo abasezantsi. Unyulo oluphambili lusebenza njengendlela yangaphakathi yokukhetha. Imithetho elawula ama-primenti ayahluka ngokuphawulekayo ngokwesizwe namaqela. [[FLT:] [FLT]] ivumela abavoti abazimeleyo [[ abangenisi-ekungathathi-nxaxheba, abanokuthi bakhokelele ukubhalisa amalungu eqela abhalisiweyo, aqinisekise ukuba isiseko seqela sikhethe i-mine. [[FLT:] Indlela engundoqo apho kuvela khona bonke abavoti abatsha abatshayo, i-ekhokelele kwiqela eliphezulu, kwaye i-eququalisa i-edrat, i-etingssss, i-geoffer, i-gettings, i-gettooctive, i-getherin, ejogne yeqela lezobupolitika lezobupolitika lobuzwe.

Idemokhrasi Ethe ngqo: Iintambo zokulwa kunye neeReferendem

Kumaphondo amaninzi, unyulo alukho nje ngokukhetha abantu kodwa lukwathetha ngokugqiba inkqubo echanekileyo. Ngenkqubo yokuqalisa nokuthatha ipesenti, abemi bangadlula kwindlu yowiso-mthetho karhulumente ukumisela imithetho okanye ukulungisa umGaqo-siseko. Olu hlobo lwedemokhrasi luye lwasetyenziswa ukumisela inkqubo ecacileyo kwimiba ephezulu yolo mculo, inkqubo yerhafu, amalungelo okuqhomfa, kunye nonyuko olunciphileyo lwabemi, lunyusa inkxalabo ngempembelelo yemali ekuqokelelweni kosayino, ukuntsonkothile kwemithetho ekwimiqathango enye, kunye nokutyekela kwenzala ephezulu kumgangatho womhlaba ophezulu.

Umatshini Wenkqubo Yokuvelisa Izixhobo Zokuvelisa Izixhobo

Ukwakha IElectorate: Ukubhalisa Kwezi Mini

Ukubhalisa kuvoti ngumqobo wokuqala osemthethweni wokuthabatha inxaxheba. Umthetho weNational Voter Brigionation wango 1993 (uMthombo Voter) wawungumthetho ophawulayo owawenza ubhaliso lufumaneke kwi-DMVs. Namhlanje, intsingiselo ibhekisa ekuphuculweni kwesi sixhobo. Autolusebenzi , [[FLT:] ibhalisa abemi abafanelekileyo ukuba bavote xa besebenzisana nesebe likarhulumente ngaphandle kokuba benyulile, iboniselwe ukunyusa isantya sobhaliso esiphawulekayo kwaye yenza iiroli ezichane ngakumbi. Ngokufanayo, [[FLT:] SAURBSMALIS[[FLT:] [FLD]], efumaneka kumazwe amaninzi, ivumela ukuba abahlalinye nokuvota kunye nokucima ngexesha elinye, ukususa iidebetho.

Amava Okusasaza: Ufikelelo Neendlela

Indlela ummi atshintshe ngayo ibhola yovote ngokuphawulekayo. Imodeli yesithethe yokubonisa kwindawo yokuhlanganisa yobulali ngoNovemba isongezwa ngolu hlobo lwendlela ezininzi zokukhetha. umgangatho ophambili kwi-person coption[ inika uvuselelo kwiintsapho ezisebenzayo. [Ii-Vote-iposi-i-i-i-i-i-i- okanye akukho nyukurhola kwevovolo ithe ngokuthandwayo, inika ukunelisa kodwa imfuneko yemixokelelwano ekhuselekileyo yokuhambisa nokubuya. Ingxoxo yovolo iyaqhubeka, kunye neingcali zokhuseleko eziye zishiye uphicolo-trackethi oluthembekileyo, oluvumela ukujikelezayo oluthembekileyo noluvoluvo oluthembekileyo.

Ukusuka kwiBalot Ukuya Kwiziphumo: Ukubala kunye nokuqinisekisa

Umgangatho olungelelanisiweyo wonyulo lwase-U.S., usebenza ngokuyintloko kumgangatho wengingqi, luphawu olukhethekileyo. Emva kokuvalwa, itsheyina elinzima lokugcina umntwana liqala. Imidlalo ibalalwa ngamagosa okhetho asekuhlaleni (ngokufuthi kusetyenziswa amaqela e-bipartis), iziphumo zixhotyiswe ukuqinisekisa ucoselelo, kwaye iziphumo ezisemthethweni ziqinisekiswe. Kunyulo lomongameli, inkqubo inwebela kwintlanganiso ye- e-Elector College [ kuDisemba kunye ne-Congresssionarangery creants ngoJanuwariary. I-Elctoral Reformation Act 20222 ka-eventie, icacisa indima yobulungiseleli bobulungiseleli kunye nokqobo ukwenzela ukunqanda kwixa elizayo.

Iintsika Ezinempembelelo: Imibhiyozo, Imali, Nezinto Ezithethwa Ngamaziko

Izahlukano Zezobupolitika Njengezimeli Zokwakha

Amaqela ezobupolitika asisicwili esinxibelelana nenkqubo yokukhetha. Amaqela amabini amakhulu aguqukela ekubeni abe ngamacandelo alungelelanisiweyo, aphuhlisa amaqonga akwizikhundla eziziinkqubo ezizinyathiselweyo, kwaye anike igama lohlobo lobalo elinika abavoti ukuyiqonda ngokukhawuleza nokuthembekileyo iingcamango zomntu oza kubhaptizwa. Ingqeqesho yeqela kwizindlu zowiso-mthetho imisela enoba izivumelwano zephulo ziyaguqulelwa kusini na. Amaqela amabini aphambili aye aguquka abe ngamacangciso alungelele, azicuthelisa ngokwamaqela amaqela ahlukeneyo, ngethuba linqabile ukuphumelela ii-ofisi ezinkulu, anokuphembelela ingxoxo yesizwe kwaye arhoxise iziphumo zemilo efuna iinkungu.

Inyaniso Yemali Yephulo Lanamhlanje

Ukusukela iofisi kumgangatho wokhuphiswano olufuna imali eninzi. Imali yemali yeli thuba ikhokelwe zimithetho zenkundla zephawu, ingakumbi . I-FEC, evulela umnyango wokusebenzisa imali engekho mgangathweni ngemibutho. Oku kukhokelela ekunyukeni kweSuper PACs kunye "Imali emnyama" imibutho (iii-(4) enokunyusa nokuchitha iintengiso zezobupolitika ngaphandle kokuzikisa ngokupheleleyo. Imfuno yemali engapheliyo inokuba iphembelela umxhasi wemali yelizwe kwaye ikhuphele inkqubo apho unikezelo lubotshelelwe khona. Intlangano efana [FFFFFF] [FFFFF] kunye ne-FOLT]

Inzululwazi yendalo yedayamotha kunye nolwazi lwe Voter

Indlela abavoti abafunda ngayo ngabavoti ngemiba echanekileyo kwaye imiba eguqulwe ngayo. I-intanethi iye yaphelisa ulawulo lwamaphephandaba asekuhlaleni kunye neendaba zokusasazwa, ibeka indawo yabo ngolwahlulo, oluphezulu, kunye nokusingqongileyo okudibeneyo kolwazi-majelo eendaba. Iiplatfomu zezentlalo-ntle zivumela amaphulo abavoti abafakelweyo abafakelwe kwimicro encinane ngemiyalezo elungisiweyo, kodwa zikwanceda ukunwenwa okukhawulezileyo kwenkcazelo ephosakeleyo kunye nempembelelo yamanye amazwe. Ucelomngeni lwabavoti balethi bale mihla luphembele olufumana ulwazi olunokuthenjwa. Imeko-'inyani kunye neendlela zokufumana iziphumo zobundaba zobungingqini zivele zivelise isantya esiphezulu, kodwa utshintsho olupheleleyo lunyuselunyusekuvavanye uxando kubantu ngabanye ukuze baqiniseke ukuba babone kwaye bafunde.

Ukulawula Ngonyulo: Indlela Ovela Ngayo Umgaqo-nkqubo WeDrive

Ukudanisa NeAgenda Esemthethweni

Uloyiso olugqibeleleyo lonyulo ludla ngokuchazwa njengogunyaziso locwangciso-nkqubo oluthile. Oomongameli nabalawuli abatsha abanyuliweyo bafumana ixesha "le-honeymoon" kwiinyanga zabo zokuqala eofisini, ngexesha abanolona ntloko-mikhosi iphakamileyo ukunyanzela izinto zabo eziphambili. Unyulo lwelizwe olufana noloyiso lwe-Franklin Roosevelt ngo- 1932 okanye uBarack Obama's ngo-2008, luphumele ekukhukulisekeni kwemithetho eyathi yaguqula kwakhona imimandla yentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho. Kwanakufutshane nonyulo lonyulo lunika uphawu lolwalathiso, ukwazisa imimiselo yemithetho yeqela lemibutho elikwiBhunga.

Urhulumente Wahluleleneyo Njengomcimbi Nocelomngeni

Inkqubo ye-U.S. yenzelwe ukwenza kube nzima ukwenza umthetho. Xa elinye iqela lilawula umongameli omnye okanye omabini amagumbi eBhunga, iziphumo zingurhulumente owahlulekileyo. Le meko idla ngokukhokelela kwi-grid lock yemithetho, kodwa ikwasebenza njengovavanyo olunamandla kuninzi lwabantu. Kwimeko eyahlukeneyo, utshintsho olubalulekileyo lwenkqubo lusoloko lulandelwa ngemiyalelo yabalawuli, ukwenziwa kolawulo, okanye uqingqo-mali, nto leyo efuna ukuba kuqatshelwe kuphela uninzi olulula kwiBhange. U Voter angahlula amathikithi abo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho qela elinye elingenalo ulawulo olupheleleyo, lubonakalisa umnqweno wokulungelelanisa nokulalanisa.

Iinkundla Njengembonakaliso Yezobupolitika Ekwakungalwi Ngazo

Mhlawumbi esona siphelo sihlala sihleli soloyiso lomongameli kukubuyiselwa kwejaji yesizwe. Umongameli uthatha amatyala, kwaye iNdlu yeeNkundla iyawaqinisekisa. Ngenxa yokuba abagwebi bephondo kunye nabagwebi beNkundla ePhakamileyo bemiselwe ukumiselwa ukuze baphile, la madinga aneziphumo ezinde eziya kudlulela ngaphaya kwexesha likamongameli eofisini. Amadabi acwangcisiweyo kumbandela wocalulo lomongameli, njengoko uvoteko lwawo luza kumisela ukuba ukhetho lwawo lukamongameli lumisele ukulungelelanisa iinkundla zenkundla ngesizukulwana esinye. Ukutshintsha kwetyala . [[[FLT] v.] kungumjikelezo othe ngqo kuvelisa umjikelezo wonyulo oqhelekileyo kwiNkuNkuNkuNkulawula iNkundla Ephakamileyo.

Iingxaki Zexesha Elidluleyo Kumfezeko Ophumelelayo

Ukubhengeza Amalungelo Nokufikelela Kwinkulungwane yama - 21

Ilungelo lokuvota lisisiseko, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwalo kusoloko kumiliselwe yimithetho yesizwe. Isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yonyaka ka-2013 Selby County v. Umbatho wabetha ifomu ecacileyo yemithetho yeSivumelwano samaLungelo sovolo lwangonyaka ka1965, ukususa ulawulo lwamagunya omthetho wonyulo kumazwe ngembali yembali yocalucalulo. Kwiminyaka ukususela ngoko, amazwe amaninzi aye adlulisa imithetho efuna iindlela ezithile zokuchaza, ukufihlwaya kwangenwa kwangoko, ukubeka imiqathango yangaphambili, nokuthintela iposi ekuvoti. Abaxhasi baphikisa le mithetho kuyimfuneko ukunqanda ubuqhophololo, ngoxa abagxeki bephikisa imicimbi engekho mfuneko kwimbalini naphantsi. [[FLD:]

Isisongelo Solwazi Oluphosakeleyo Nenkcazelo

Ukusingqongileyo kolwazi yindawo yedabi kunyulo lwangoku. IMisform (inkcazelo yobuxoki eyabelwe ngaphandle kwenjongo enolunya) kunye nokungachazelwa (inkcazelo ebubuxoki esasazekileyo ukukhohlisa) kungaphelisa ukuthembana kwinkqubo yokukhetha. Oku kunokubonakala njengokuxoka ngoomatshini bokuvota, iiyure zokuvota ezingachananga, okanye amahlazo achuliweyo ajongene nabaza abathathi-nxaxheba. Ubugcisa bentlalo-ndaba obunesidima benza kube nzima ukulungisa iingxelo zobuxoki xa zikhomba. Ukwakhiwa koluntu ngobuchule bokufunda ulwazi ngobuchule bokhetho kunye nonxibelelwano olucacileyo kumagosa okhetho kukuzikhusela ezi zinsongoso.

IGrerymandering kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo woLwazi

Kwiphondo ngalinye, imigca yesithili yendlu nendlu yowiso-mthetho yephondo yase-U.S. kufuneka iphinde itsalwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka elishumi emva kobalo-balo. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-redififilification, isoloko ingoopolitiko. [[FLT: 0] iGerrymaning[ xa imigca yesithili idili idityaniselwe ukunika elinye iqela uncedo olungafanelekanga kwelinye. Abenzi bamamaphu bangakhetha i-"pack" abavoti beqela eliphikisayo kwimimandla embalwa, ukudlala amavotishi, okanye "ukurrack" ukunqumla imimandla emininzi, ukuphembelela impembelelo yayo. Oku kunciphisa ukhuphiswano oluqhelekileyo kwaye kuvumela ukuba likhethele i-vocalue kunokunye indlela ezijikeleze ezinye. Amanye amazwe ashukumane ukuba enze ii-opera.

Utshintsho Neenkqubo Zendaleko Zokuthabatha Inxaxheba Kwidemokhrasi

Imisebenzi esetyenziswa ngemasti: Intshukumo ekhulayo

Ukuthetha ngonyulo lwe RCV, abaphumeleleyo bafumana inkxaso ebanzi, inani elikhulayo lolawulo lamkele . Ivoti yabo ikhutshwe kukhetho olulandelayo. Le nkqubo iyaqhubeka de umvoti afikelele kwisininzi. Abaxhasi bayaqhubeka bephikisana nokhetho lwe RCV. Abavoti abakhangeli bafumane uninzi lwevoti-mfako lokuqala, abacuphi bemilisela amatyala e-ove, abatshatisi be-yahlulwa, abaxhasi bevoti-ndani bebonke. [FFFO]

Ukwandisa Ingcamango Yokunganeliseki Nokuthandwa Kolutsha

Imithetho yezoburhulumente iyahluka kakhulu kumntu ovunyelweyo ukuvota. Imithetho echasayo yokuvota, ekhanyela amalungelo okuvota kubantu abanolwaphulo-mthetho, ichaphazela izigidi zabantu baseMerika. Le mithetho ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto ichaphazela abantu abambalwa abahlala phantsi kwebutho. Umbutho wotshintsho uphantsi, umisela imithetho emininzi yokubuyisela amalungelo okuvota ngokuzenzekelayo xa kukhululwa entolongweni. Enye impikiswano ixhalabisa ukuthoba kobudala. Amanye amagunya athoba iminyaka eli-16 ngokwezivota-wo, ephikisa ngelithi ikhuthaza imikhwa yokuvota ehlala abantu abaselula, kwaye inika abantu abatsha isibo esibondayo kwizigqibo zabo ezingo nakuluntu.

Isiseko somsebenzi: Ukuveliswa kwemali

Idemokhrasi enempilo ifuna okungaphezulu kunemithetho elungileyo; ifuna ukuthelekisa abami. Ukuveliswa kwemiqathango yezentlalo . njengokufundiswa kwezentlalo-ntle ezikolweni, ukubhalisa kwangaphambi kweminyaka eli-16 ne-17 ubudala, kunye neNational Voter Religistration Day---accel iyakwazi ukwakha isithethe sokuthabatha inxaxheba. Xa abemi beqonda indlela urhulumente wabo asebenza ngayo kwaye kutheni bevota, basengozini yokuyoyisa imiqobo yokuba nenxaxheba. Oku kuveliswa kwexesha elide kwisizukulwana esilandelayo sovotisi yindlela exhasa kakhulu yokomeleza inkqubo yabavoti abanokungamela imingeni yokungakhathalelwa nokungakhathaleli.

Isiphelo

Impilo yedemokhrasi ayinakuthathwa lula; iyagcinwa okanye ithotyelwe ngamandla zizenzo zabemi bayo kunye neenkokeli. Ukhetho luyindawo enzima apho uluntu luza kutshintshwa lube namandla kawonke-wonke. Ngoxa imingeni enjengemali kwezobupolitika, ukukhutshelwa kwenkcazelo, kunye nemiqobo yokufikelela ihlala ikhona, imigudu eqhubekayo yokuguqula ibonakalisa ukuqina kwengcamango yedemokhrasi. Umxhasi onolwazi ovotayo, obandakanyeka kwiimbambano zasekuhlaleni, kwaye ogcina amagosa anyuliweyo engowona khuselo lupheleleyo. Inkqubo yenzelwe ukuba ilungelelanise, kodwa ifuna ingqalelo engapheliyo nokuthabatha inxaxheba ngenkuthalo ekuzalisekiseni isithembiso sayo sikarhulumente wabantu, ngabantu, nabantu, nabantu.