Ukwazisa: Utshintsho lwamanani lokhuseleko loluntu

Amasebe esizwe kulo lonke elaseUnited States amkela ubugcisa njengesiseko sobuchule bokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, imikhosi yamapolisa encinane ekwidolophu ukuya kumaqumrhu olawulo longxamiseko, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezihambele phambili zamanani kulungisa indlela abasebenzi bomthetho, abaphendula kuqala, kunye namalungu oluntu asebenza ngayo kunye ukuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho nokulungisa iingxaki. Le migudu iqhutywa ngesithembiso sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, ukufunyanwa ngokuchanekileyo, nokuthenjwa ngabantu. Noko ke, ukutshintsha kuzisa imibuzo entsonkothile, i-equit, i-quacty, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-data okunenkathalo. Eli nqaku lihlola amanyathelo angundoqo obugcisa athunyelwayo, ukukhuthazwa kokuphendula ngexesha likaxakeka, imigudu yokudibana, kunye nocelomngeni oluthe ngqo.

Amanyathelo Okuqalisa Angundoqo Obugcisa

Amasebe karhulumente afaka imali kuludwe olubanzi lobugcisa obunwenwayo obuya kufikelela ngaphaya komyalezo kanomathotholo noomatshini abajikelezayo. Amacandelo alandelayo aphula eyona mpembelelo ikhoyo ngoku ebumba ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke.

Ubuninzi obuqhubela phambili kunye nohlolo lwexesha lokwenene le 2016

Iinkqubo zekhamera eziphezulu ezidityanisiweyo, ezisoloko zidityaniswe nabafundi belayisensi kunye neenkqubo zokufumana imbumbulu, ngoku zihlola izitrato, izitrato zothutho lukawonke-wonke, kunye nezakhiwo zikarhulumente. Ubuchule (AI) bokuthuthwa komphunga busetyenziswa ngokukhula ukugweba ukuziphatha okukrokrelekayo . njengokungaxenga kwiindawo ezithintelwayo okanye iimpahla ezingakhathalelwanga . kwaye izikhululo zeposi zeposi ezithenjiweyo zithe gqolo ngexesha lokwenene. Umzekelo, amapolisa ase-New York State athentier adibanise ikhamera ephuma kwimidathalitha ye-omsko enye, ivumela abahlalushi ukuba bakrole imikrolo yokuhlola isixeko nemigca yephondo. Ngokufanayo, inkqubo “engumgangatho olungileyo" ithumele amawaka ekwazi ukuthwala izitrato ezixhotyi ezixhotyiweyo kunye nezivayo ezingaqhelekanga ezinokuveza ukufudusa kunye nezihlwe yintluqu. Ezixhobo ezithe zange enkulungwane zeminyaka edluleyo.

Imigaqo-nkqubo exeliweyo neyogcino-lwazi

Izixhobo zobupolisa ezithe zaxelwa kwangaphambili zihlalutya ugcino-lwazi lwembali lolwaphulo-mthetho, imozulu, kwanenkqubo yezentlalo-mbini yokuxela kwangaphambili apho ulwaphulo-mthetho lunokwenzeka khona naxa lusenzeka khona. Amasebe karhulumente asebenzisa ezi ziganeko ukubeka amagosa aphezulu, ukulungelelanisa utshintsho, kunye nokuthumela ubuncwane kwiindawo eziphezulu. Umzekelo, amapolisa ase-Illinois State asebenzisana nabaphandi baseyunivesithi ukuvelisa imodeli enciphisa ukuqhekeza iimpahla zokungena emotweni ngama-25% kwimimandla yoomqhubi-nqwelo-moya. Noko ke, abagxeki-lwazi olunengxele banokukhokelela kwi-data yembali ekwimimandla emincinane engama-24. Ukuhlisa oku, imidlelwa-ofisi emininzi ngoku kufuna ucalucalucalucalucalu-lucalucalulo oluthe rhoqo kunye nolawulo loluntu lwezikhundla lwe-algalvo.

Izixhobo zokujolisa nokubulala zamanani

Njengoko umsebenzi wolwaphulo-mthetho uqhubeka usenza i-intanethi, amasebe karhulumente avelisa ii-arhente ezikhethekileyo zamanani. La maqela aphatha yonke into esuka kuphando lokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ukuya kuhlaselo lwe-odolars kwizinto zoonontlalo-ntle zikamasipala. Asebenzisa izixhobo eziphambili ekulungiseni ugcino-lwazi, ukukhutshelwa kwengxelo, kunye nohlalutyo lwezitrafiki. ISebe leTexas lokhuseleko loluntu, umzekelo, lisebenzisa isebe lengingqi lekhompyutha elincedisa izihlolo ezincinane zekhompyutha ngaphandle kobuchule obusendlwini. Ngokusebenzisa izisongelo ezikhoyo zokhuseleko lwasekuhlaleni, amatyala anzima anokunikezela ngoovimba boluntu. ISiko lweSizwe sobulungisa (NIJ) sinikela uncedo lokuqinisekisa nokuxhobisa ezi zibhexhiswe zezi zibheno zokhuseleko zekhompyutha, ukukrobisa ngokwasemziko-okshini ezikhoyo ngoku.

Ubugcisa obuhambayo babaphathi belizwe

I-Smartphones, amacwecwe, kunye neekhamera zemethom . Ii-apps zemoto zithe zaba yinkqubo esezantsi yamapolisa amaninzi kunye nabaphathi-mikhosi. Iinkqubo zemoto zivumela abaphathi ukuba basebenzise isiqinisekiso sovavanyo, iingxelo zefayile, kunye nokufikelela kwixesha lexesha elisisigxina kwizithuthi zabo. Oku kunciphisa ixesha elichithwa phambi kwe-desktop kwaye kwandisa ubukho be-masimi. Amaphondo aseConnecticut Connecticut axhobise ikhompyutha ehamba ngenqwelo-mfono-mbhuza ekrokretha ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nezilumkiso zemozulu kubo bonke abaphathi-mikhosi, ukusika uxinana olusemganeyo. Iikhamera zomzimba, kwangoko, ziphuculwe ukuphendula nokuqokelelwa kobungqina obufunekayo. Ngoku amazwe amaninzi asebenzisa iinkqubo zokusebenza kwekhamera eepali eziphekelweyo kunye neenkqubo zobuxhakalanga ezitheneyo ze-masti (ICPCPC).

Udityaniso logcino-lwazi kunye nokuqhutywa

Olunye ucelomngeni olukhulu kukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke lukudityaniswa kolwazi phakathi kwamasebe ahlukeneyo, amapolisa, iEMS, ulawulo longxamiseko, kwanamazwe angommelwane. Ukuze kwaphulwe le miqobo, amaphondo amaninzi akha amaqonga adityanisiweyo edata esebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo zale mihla. La maqonga adibanisa iirekhodi zolwaphulo-mthetho, iifayile zezibonelelo, kunye nexesha lokwenene le-2002 zondla isiseko sogcino-lwazi olungenayo ngemiqathango yokufikelela. Umzekelo, iSikomkhulu saseWashington Fusion, icandelo lomnethwele wesitho wesizwe (*) iplatfomu elungelelanisiweyo yokwabelana iingxelo zomthetho wobulali kunye namaqabane obuqu. Uphathotho lwezo lwenkciso lwenkciso-grafi

Ukunyuswa kwempendulo yexesha likaxakeka

Xa kufikelelwa iintlekele zemvelo, iziganeko ezisebenzayo, okanye iingxaki zempilo kawonke-wonke .Ubugcisa bezonyango bungathetha umahluko phakathi kobomi nokufa. Amasebe karhulumente alawula kakhulu iinkqubo ezililifa ukuqinisekisa iimpendulo ezikhawulezileyo nezilungelelanisiweyo.

Isizukulwana 911 Iinkqubo zeZilumkiso ezilandelayo

Amaphondo amaninzi atshintsha ukusuka kwinkqubo ye-alog 911 ukuya kwiNtlanganiso 911 (NG 9611) exhasa umbhalo, ividiyo, kunye ne-data yexesha elililo. Oku kunceda abafowunikazi ukuba bathumele iifoto zokrokreleko okanye umsinga wevidiyo ophilayo wengozi ngqo kubathumeli. Amazwe afana noColorado adibanise i-NG 76911 kunye ne-Memoneral Emergency Arters (WEA), ngokuzenzekelayo ukutyhalela i-tsunami okanye izilumkiso zomlilo kuzo zonke iiselula kwingingqini yobalo-mfono (FCC) icwangcise imiqathango yexesha ye-ejolo-etings kwilizwe lonke.

Iinkqubo zokugutyula kunye nezigulana ezingenamabhanti

Ii-drones ziye zaba zizixhobo eziyimfuneko zokukhangela nokuhlangula, zokucima umlilo, kunye nohlolo lwentlekele. Ii-drones zingafumana abahambi abalahlekileyo kumahlathi ashinyeneyo okanye zinike abasebenzi abakhusela iidefibrillator kwiindawo ezikude zengozi. ISebe le-Freemergency Department Lisebenzisa iqela lee-dronees ezinikezela ii-reconais ngexesha lenkanyamba, ukuqinisekisa umonakalo phambi kokuba abasebenzi behlabathi bangene ngokukhuselekileyo. Amanye amazwe akwasebenzisa ii-drons ukuqwalasela iindibano ezinkulu zikawonke wonke, njengemiboniso okanye imibhiyongxubeko, ukukhusela. Umkhosi we-Federal Aviation Administration (FA) ukuvumela ukhuseleko lwe-drone, kunye noqeqesho olusemgangathweni lwabasebenzi be-deapowee.

Ukusebenzisana noThungelwano kunye nokuTshabatha kwabaphendula kuqala

Ngexesha le-9/11 lohlaselo neSitshingitshane uKatrina, ukungaphumeleli konxibelelwano phakathi kwabameli kwakungumqobo omkhulu. Ekuphenduleni, amajelo aye akha ii-intanethi ezibanzi ezipheneyo zabaphendulayo. Uthungelwano lwe-FrestNet, olulawulwa yi-AT&T phantsi kwesivumelwano sikarhulumente, lunika abasebenzisi bokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke abaphambili nabatshayelwayo abakwi-4G/5Glaftiftif. Amazwe angaphezu kwama-20 aye asayina izivumelwano zokusebenzisa iFirstNet, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amapolisa, umlilo, kunye ne-EMS zingabelana ividiyo, ugcino-data, kunye nelizwi ngokungaxokozeli. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lemibutho elisebenzayo apho amaziko amaninzi amele alungelene ngexesha lokwenene. Isebe le Hometersland (DS) liqums procence procence traves travement

Iziko lolwaphulo-mthetho lwexesha lokwenene 2016

Amaphondo amaninzi aye amisela amaziko olwaphulo-mthetho lokwenene (RTCC) asebenza njengamasebe emithambo-luvo ukwenzela ukuphendula kongxamiseko. Ama-Analyst asebenza ngokuzondla ngeekhamera, ii-drone, kunye ne-media, enika abathumeli nabaphathi-ntsimi abanobuchule obusebenzisekayo. Ngexesha le 2023 Maui, iZiko leSizwe le-Emergency Offcitions lisebenzisa kufuphi ne-internatellite esetyenziswayo ukuzobala imephulo-metria ebhabhabhalekayo kwaye achaze abahlali bemi abahlali. La maziko akwasebenza njengezixhobo zokudibanisa i-data yemozulu, ikhamera yenqwelo-trafiki, kunye neenkqubo zikawonke-othemixoke, zibangela ukusabela okulungelena nokuhambelana kwemiboniso-minyaka-8. ISrijini ye-RTC i-freatking.

Ubandakanyeko loLuntu nokubonisa ngaphaya

Ubugcisa abuthethi nje ukuba kufuneka kunyanzeliswe ukuba abantu bathembeke, amasebe karhulumente asebenzisa izixhobo zokunxibelelana noluntu, ukuncokola ngolwazi, nokubandakanya ukhuseleko.

Iinqanam zokhuseleko loluntu kunye nezikhonkwane zogcino-lwazi ezivulekileyo

Amaphondo amaninzi ngoku apapasha iibhodi ezibonisa amanani olwaphulo-mthetho, ukuvalela ugcino-lwazi, nokusebenzisa iziganeko ezikhoyo. Ezi zenzo zivumela abemi ukuba babone iziphumo kwimimandla yabo, bathelekise amagunya, kwaye bagcine amaqumrhu eetha-mthetho e-Open Justice. ISebe leSizwe laseKhalifoniya linika inkcazelo ekwindawo engaphandle yoLwiso-mthetho esuka kumphathi-practifizi ekwayo ukuya ekuzinzeni kwezithuthi, ukudityaniswa kohlanga namanani abantu. Ngokufanayo, i-Texas Department of Public Safety inika imaphu yexesha eliyi-2010, i-Aber Alerters, i-trans, kunye nobhaliso olugunya lwezi zixhobo lokusebenza ngokwesini. Ezi zixhobo zikhuthaza ukubonakala nokugunyaza abantu kunye nokugunyazwa komthetho kwingxaki eNtshona Koloni.

Inkcubeko yoLuntu isebenzisa iidrayivi neenkqubo zoluntu

Amaziko karhulumente aqalisa iinkqubo ezihambayo ezivumela abemi ukuba baxele iziganeko ezingangeniyo, bangenise iincam ezingaziwayo, bafumane izaziso zokhuseleko. Umzekelo, i-New Jersey State Police App iquka “iNgqina elinobuchule” elinikela ingcebiso lokugqithisela iimpepha zokuhlola ngexesha lomntu ethetha ngolwazi. Amaqonga ezezentlalo-ntle e-methoba afana no-Twitter kunye ne-Septray asetyenziswa ukudlulisela uhlaziyo lwexesha lokwenene lwezithuthi, ukunqanda ulwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nokuphosa abantu abapholileyo. Amaphondo amaninzi akwane asebenzisa iiholo zedolophu apho abahlali apho abahlali benokuthetha ngqo ngemiyalelo, bekhuthaza incoko yezosasa eliqhelekileyo elikhuphayo.

Uqeqesho Nemilinganiselo Efanelekileyo Ekusetyenzisweni Kobugcisa

Ubugcisa obusebenzayo busebenza kuphela njengoko abantu abasebenzayo besebenzisa. Amasebe karhulumente afumana uqeqesho olugqwethekileyo kwizifundo zemfundo yesikolo ukuquka iimodyuli ekusetyenzisweni kogcino-lwazi lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, ukuchanabeka kwemithetho yemithetho yokuziphatha, kunye namalungelo abantu. Uphando lwaMaphulo-mthetho oLwimi olungowoxolo lweMigangatho kunye noqeqesho (POST) ngoku lufuna bonke abangenisi ukugqiba imfaniso esekelwe kwimo ye-projekthi esekelwe kwi-proficing exeliweyo yobuhlanga ekuxele kwangaphambili. Ukongeza, amazwe amaninzi ayayalela ukuba izifundo zomqalisi wendlela yokulinganisa iikhamera kunye nogcino-data zaminyaka lemi. Uphakaliso lwaMapolisa Abaphathi abaphethe I-PPRIPTF (PERF) anikele uqheliselo olungcono lokudibanisa ubugcisa nemigaqo yokusebenza kwemibutho lokusebenza, igxininisa into yokuba ukwandisa ugwebo lomntu, hayi endaweni yalo.

Ubuchule Bokulawula Nebokondla Abami

Amanye amaphondo amisele amaqonga amanani ukuze abenzele abemi ingxelo yonxulumano lwabaphathi-mikhosi okanye ingxelo yokunganyaniseki. Ezi nkqubo ziphindwa ngeebhodi zabemi ezizimeleyo, ziqinisekisa ukuba inkxalabo ziphindwa ngaphandle kobuqhetseba bangaphakathi. IColorado State Patrol yasebenzisa inkqubo ye-intanethi evumela abantu ukuba bafake ubungqina obuziividiyo ngqo kwimicimbi yangaphakathi. Ngoxa zisentsha, ezi zixhobo ziyinxalenye yomgudu omkhulu wokwakha kwakhona ukuthembana emva kweziganeko eziphezulu ze-23profile. Uhlolisiso lwama-2022, lwe-PW Research Center lufumanise-622 lufumanisenobungqina obubonisa ukuba i-teknoloji yabantu abadala inokuba i-tek ’ i-acropper, kodwa ukuba ulawulo olunamandla lunokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamapolisa.

Iingxaki Nembono Yekamva

Phezu kwako nje ukuthenjiswa ngobugcisa, amasebe karhulumente ajamelana nemiqobo ebalulekileyo emele ijongwe ukuze aqonde ngokupheleleyo oko anokukwenza.

Inkxalabo Yabucala Nenkululeko Yamakhaya

Inkqubo zokuhlola intlawulo, iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi, kunye nobugcisa bokuqwalaselwa kobuso zibangele impikiswano ekrakra. Abameli benkululeko yabemi basekuhlaleni balumkisa ukuba ukuqokelela ulwazi okungathintelwanga kunokubangela ukuqhankqalaza okusemthethweni, ukungquzulana ngokungenakulinganiswa kwemibutho yabantu ngemibala, kunye nokukhutshwa kweMpahla-mda wesine. Amaphondo amaninzi, kuquka i-Oregon ne-Vermont, aye amisela imithetho ethintela ukusetyenziswa kobuso ngabanyanzeli bomthetho. Amasebe esizwe alawula le migaqo-data engqongqo elawula imigaqo-siseko sogcino-lwazi, efuna imfuneko yemibandela ethile yemibango, kunye nokupapasha iingxelo ezikhankanyiso. I-American Liberies Union (ACL) ikhuphe umthetho ovumela ukhuseleko olulungele ukukhusela abantu ngokubanziswa ngumthetho kunye namalungelo abosese.

Ukhuseleko kunye nokurhoxa kogcino-lwazi

Iinkqubo zikarhulumente ezichukumiseka kakhulu .Iingxelo zokhuseleko zokwenza uphando lobuqu, ulwazi, kunye nokuhlola ixesha lokwenene. Zingamaxhoba aphambili abadlali abanolunya, kuquka amaqela ee-odoli ahlawulelwayo kunye neenkonzo zobuntlola zangaphandle. Ngo-2022, uthungelwano lokunyanzelisa umthetho wase-Alabama i-Elabhama lwafumana uhlaselo lwentelekelelo olwakhupha iinkqubo zokuxhasa ukhuseleko kangangeeveki. Ukulwa nokuchasana kwesisongelo, amaphondo anikela uvavanyo lwemibutho yokhuseleko, ukuqhuba uvavanyo, kunye nokuqeqesha abasebenzi kucocekelelwa ucocelo lwe-computerism kunye ne-Infrature Secureal Sercity Agency (CISA) inikeza iimvavanyo ezizibotshelelwayo zezokhuseleko lwesizwe namaziko asekuhlaleni.

Ukufumaneka okulinganayo kunye nokwahlula kwamanani

Ubugcisa obuqhubela phambili abusasazwanga ngokulinganayo. Amaphondo asemaphandleni akasoloko engenalunxibelelwano olubanzi, enza ukuba ugcino-lwazi lokwenene lwexesha lwe-669 lube nolwahlulo lwevidiyo, kunye nolawulo lobungqina bamafu kube nzima okanye kube yinto engenakwenzeka. Ingxelo yama-2023 evela kwi-Ofisi yobuMasipala (GAO) ifumanise ukuba phantse i-30% yamasebe alawula umthetho wasemaphandleni angakwazi ngokuqinisekisiweyo ukusebenzisa iFirstNet ngenxa yokugquma izithuba. Amasebe karhulumente kufuneka akhuthaze inkxaso karhulumente yokwahlulahlula amanani. Amanye amazwe asebenzisa iiyunithi zedata zeselula (8) ezixhotyiswe ngokukhethekileyo zisebenzisa ii-tellitellites ezisebenza njengezithuba zexesha eliphantsi kwengingqini. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubugcisa abuchazi zingasebenzi kwiziphumo ze-operaccomputha. Ii-Actdies kunye neenkconds.

Ukubonelela ngenkxaso, ukulondolozwa, kunye nokuhambelana

Ukufumana ubuchule, ukuphumeza, kunye nokulungisa kubiza ixabiso. AmaGrant adla ngokugquma iindleko zokuqala kodwa kungekuphela ixesha elide lokuhlaziya okanye uqeqesho. Amasebe amaninzi karhulumente axhomekeke kwiinkqubo zikarhulumente ezinjenge-Edward Byrne Memorial Justial Justice Imprant Grant (JAG) okanye i-Hulumeni yoKhuseleko lwezakhono lwe-Hulumeni i-SHSGP. Noko ke, ukhuphiswano lwemali enqongophayo luthetha ukuthatha amanyathelo athile emva kokuphela kwenkqubo yenqwelo-moya. Iimodeli ezixhasayo ziquka ukuqulutya ubuncwane obunqamlezileyo kwii-oomasipala, amaqabane kawonke, kunye neenkonzo ze-software ezisekelwe kwi-software ze-software ezisetyenziswayo ezandisa ixesha. INhlangano yeSignameli se-Stikitivey (NCY) iSivume yeJa) inikeza izicwangciso sobugcisa sobugcisa esicwangciso solawulo solawulo sesizwe sesizwe esinguququlo-so sino saseburhulumente.

Imikhwa Yexesha Elizayo: Yintoni Elandelayo?

Xa ujonga phambili, ubugcisa obuninzi obuvelayo buza kubumba ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke kwishumi leminyaka elizayo. [[FLT: 0] ubuchule kunye nomatshini wokufunda buzakuba nobuntsonkothileyo ekuhlolisiseni ividiyo, ilizwi, kunye nedata yezivamvo (ukunikela iimvavanyo zexeshana lengozi ngexesha lezithuthi okanye iziganeko zesihlwele. ] Izithuthi ezizimeleyo ezisetyenziselwa ukujikeleza okanye ukuqokelela ubungqina ziyavavanywa kwiimeko ezimbalwa, nangona imiqobo esemthethweni nesemgangathweni ihleli. [[FLT:]]] i-'inqambini yeziganeko zezithuthi ze-ankile epheleleyo, umqondiso wokufa nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka komzimba womzimba womntu omeleleyo. [FT] [FT]] [5]]

Amasebe karhulumente ahlola ingcamango “yeewele elingumtyaba”------ilingana nezixeko eziquka izithuthi zexesha le-692, imozulu, kunye nogcino-lwazi lolwaphulo-mthetho. Le mizekelo ivumela abacebi ukuba baxelise iimeko zongxamiseko kunye nokufakwa kwezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo ngaphandle kokubeka ubomi engozini. I-Ohio ivelise ibhunu elungele ukuqhuba amanani kwikomkhulu layo, uColumbus, ukuphatha iziganeko zokuhlanganisa iquluko kunye nentlekele zemvelo.

Isiphelo: Indlela Elungeleleneyo Engaphambili

Ubugcisa asiyondlela yokulungisa iingxaki zokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, kodwa buyinxalenye ebaluleke ngakumbi. Amasebe karhulumente amkela imigaqo elungele ukulawulwa, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kunye nendlela equka zonke aza kubekwa ngcono ekusebenziseni amandla awo lo gama ugcina uluntu luthembekile. Impumelelo ifuna ukuba utyalo-mali oluqhubekayo kungekuphela nje kwi-erobhothi kunye ne-software kodwa kwanakuqeqesho, ukuvelela, kunye nokusebenzisana kwentlalo-ntle. Njengokuba ukwakhiwa kwendalo kuguquka, kufuneka kulandele nemigaqo elawula ezi zixhobo. Ngokufunda kwiimpumelelo nakwiintsilelo-nkqubo, oomeli bamazwe banokuqinisekisa ukuba ubugcisa buphumele injongo yayo ephakamileyo: ukukhusela ubomi kunye namalungelo abo bonke abami.