Ukuqonda Ukukhupha isantya ngephanyazo: Uhlalutyo Olubalulekileyo

Ngokukhawuleza ukuvota (IRV), okwaziwayo njengokuchola okuceliweyo (RCV) eUnited States, kumele ukutshintsha okungundoqo ukusuka kwinkqubo yesithethe ye-cocoration. Ngokungafaniyo nokuvota okuninzi apho umvoti onenkoliso evota ephumelela khona (nokuba ingaphantsi kwabaninzi), i-IRV izimisele ukunyusela umvoti oyalela ukuba uninzi lwabachongi abaxhasayo. Olu tshintsho lonyuselo lufumene ulungiso lomatshini osisigxina kwimisebenzi yoomasi, amazwe, kwanazo zonke iintlanga njengendlela yokuphucula ukuma komelo, ukunciphisa, kwaye ukhuthaze abavukeli abahlukeneyo. Noko ke, inkqubo ayikhangeli, ikho into ebangela ukugrola, ukuphelelwa kokucofwa, ukurhoxa kwemizwa kwemizwa kweminye indlela, ukuvavanyanisa, ukusetyenziswa kobuchule obukhoyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iindlela zokusebenza, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iindlela.

Indlela Ukukhupha Isantya Kwangoko Okusebenza Ngayo

Uvota olubalekayo kwangoko yinkqubo yokuvota ekhethekayo evumela abavoti ukuba babeke abatshati kumgangatho abakhethelwe wona abakhetheke kakhulu. Ingcamango engundoqo kukulingisa uthotho lonyulo olubalekayo ngaphandle kokufuna uhambo oluphinda-phindiweyo kwibhokisi yokuvota. Le nkqubo ityhileka kuthotho lwemijikelo, njengoko kuchazwe apha ngezantsi.

Indlela yokwenza

  1. [[FLT: 0] Ivoti yokukasha: Umvoti ngamnye ufumana ibholaot yokudwelisa uluhlu lwabo bonke abatsha abatsha. Ivoters ziphawula uluhlu lwabo lokuqala, olwesibini, olwesithathu, njalo njalo kwizinto ezikhethwayo. Banokuqesha njengeqela okanye abambalwa abatshayeli njengoko bethanda, nangona eminye imithetho ifuna inani elincinane.
  2. [[FLT: 0] Ubalo lokuqala olujikelezayo: zonke iivoti zokuqala zibhaliwe. Ukuba umbatisi ufumana ngaphezu kwe 50% yezivoti ezisebenzayo, zibhengezwa ngoko nangoko.
  3. [[FLT: 0] Unyuso nonikezelo: Ukuba akukho mvo iphumeza uninzi, umvotelwa onevoti yokuqala embalwa iyasuswa. Iibhola ziphoswe loo mvoti zitshintshelwa kolandelayo obekwe ngokusemthethweni kugqatso. Ezivoti zongezwa kwimiqongo eqhubekayo yabatsha abatsha abathathi-nxaxheba.
  4. Ukuphindaphindeka de kube yiMajoni: Amanyathelo 2 kunye 3 ayaphindaphindwa de omnye othatha inxaxheba anqamleze umqobo omkhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo isibini okanye ezintathu kuphela ezifunekayo, kodwa kumasimi amakhulu ubalo lunganwebela ixesha elide.
  5. [[FLT: 0] Exhaus Expered Ballots: Ukuba ivoti ibaleka kubavoti abaqeshiweyo (zonke iinketho zabo zisusiwe), iba "iheased" kwaye ayisaphindanga ibe ngamanani kwimijikelo elandelayo. Oku kunganciphisa inani lonke leevoti ekudlaleni.

Ukwenza le contse, qwalasela unyulo olunezicwangciso A, B, ne C. Kumjikelo wokuqala, A A afumana 45%, B 30%, kunye C 25%. Ekubeni kungekho namnye umntu onenani elikhulu, C iyasuswa. Ibhola ebekwe kwindawo yokuqala ye C iyahlolwa: 60% yaloo bhola iqeshiweyo B, kunye ne-40% ibekwe u-A yesibini. Ivoti zikhutshwe, inika B u-15% (60% wama-25%) kunye no-A ongeziweyo 10%. Isimbulo lokugqibela yi-A: 55%, B: 45%. A umba ngobuninzi bokwenyaniso bevoti eziseleyo.

Iingenelo Zokunduluka Kwangoko

Umthetho onyusiweyo noMkhosi

Eyona nzuzo ininzi ye IRV kukuba iqinisekisa umnyulwa ukuba ufumana inkxaso ephangaleleyo. Kwindlela ezininzi, umvotelwa angaphumelela ngemininzi engaphantsi kwevoti, ingakumbi kumasimi axineneyo. Umzekelo, inkcaso eyahlukeneyo ingavumela inani eliququzelelayo ukuba liphumelele nge 35% yevoti. I-RV inyanzela ukuba uphumelele ukuhlanganisa umnqophiso onqamleza ubuncinane u 50% wabanyuli abasebenzayo. Oku kuqinisa umnqweno kwaye kungenza uthelekelelo lukawonke-wonke kwisiphumo.

Isiphumo sesijikelezi-moya esincitshisiweyo kunye nokuhamba ngezixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo

Kunyulo lwesithethe olukwisininzi, icandelo lesithathu okanye abathathi-nxaxheba abazimeleyo basoloko bebizwa ngokuba yi "isibheno" kuba bangatsala iivoti zabo ezisuka kumntu omkhulu oza kuvota kunye nesandla sonyulo kumntu ochasayo. Ngoko ke abavoti baziva benyanzelekile ukuba bashiye ukhetho lwabo lokwenyaniso kunye nokuvota ngenyani "onga bobubi obubini." IRV iphelisa le ngxaki: abafuni bangaba nenxaxheba kuqala ngaphandle kokoyika ukuphosa ivoti yabo. Kwanokuba loo mntu uthelela uthe warhoxiswa, uzakutshintshela kukhetho lwabo lwesibini. Oku kukhuthaza ukubonakaliswa okunyanisekileyo kokhetho kwaye kuvule ucango lwelizwi elitsha.

Abakhuthaza Abasuka Kwimvelaphi Engafaniyo

I-RV ihlisa umqobo wokungena kwabo banokuziva benyanzelekile ukuba basebenze njengeqela elikhulu. Ngenxa yokuba abavoti bangabeka izithuba abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi, amaqela amancinane kunye nezizimeleyo bangakhuphisana nzulu, bakha igama lolwamkelo nokwandisa inkxaso yabo kukhetho olulandelelanayo. EMinneapolis, umzekelo, i-IRV inconywe ngokunyusa umelo lwabantu bemibala namabhinqa kwii-ofisi zasekuhlaleni. Inkqubo ikwanokwenza abatshateli abafikelela ngaphandle kwesiseko sabo ukuze bakhusele inkxaso yesibini.

Ukukhuthaza Iphulo Lamakhaya Elingakumbi

Ngaphantsi kwemithetho emininzi, abathathi-nxaxheba badla ngokuhlasela abachasi ukuqhuba imvume yabo. Phantsi kwe-IRV, iphulo elingalunganga linobungozi ngenxa yokuba umvoti ufuna ukuba lukhetho lwesibini lwabavoti abakhetha kuqala ukoyiswa. Ukuhlasela omnye umvoteli kungenza ukuba abavoti bangabi namdla. Ufundo olusuka kwizixeko ezinjenge San Francisco ne Oakland lubonisa ukuba amaphulo athe aphelelwanga themba, aqwalaselwa kakhulu, kwaye akulungele ukwenza imidibaniso phantsi kwe-IRV.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa Kokunduluka Kwangethuba

Idideko le Voter kunye neempazamo zebhola

I-IRV ifuna abavoti baqonde inkqubo ephezulu. Kuzalisekiso lokuqala, amanye amaqela ajonga amaqondo aphezulu "overvotes" (ukujija umvotelwa omnye ngaphezulu kunexesha elinye) okanye amatshati agqityiweyo. Amaphulo emfundo, ulungiso lobuchule, kunye nemiyalelo ecacileyo inciphisa ezi mpazamo, kodwa ubuntlola buhlala bungumqobo, ingakumbi kubasebenzi abakhulileyo okanye abangebangafundanga kangako. Ngoko, uphando olusuka kuMaine no-Alaska lubonisa ukuba emva kwemijikelezo enye okanye emibini, uluvotiso lwemfundo lufikelele kumgangatho ofana nenkqubo yesithethe.

Ukuntsonkotha kokujikeleza kwe-Tab

Ngokungafaniyo nobalo olulula lwenani, i-IRV ibandakanya imijikelo emininzi yokukhupha noku bomvu. Oku kungenziwa ngesandla kunyulo oluncinci kodwa ifuna isoftware ekhethekileyo. Kwimithetho yezixhobo ezintsha okanye unyuselo luyimfuneko, kwaye isenokubiza. Inkqubo yokulinganisela ithatha ixesha elininzi kunobalo oluninzi, ukulibazisa iziphumo zonyulo. Noko ke, iinkqubo zale mihla zokhetho zingenza iprojekthi yebhola ezisetyenziswayo ziqwalaselwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ezinye izithuba zinika ingxelo ngeziphumo ezipheleleyo kwiiyure ezimbalwa.

Ukudinwa Kwebhola Nesiphekepheke

Ukuba umvoti akalingani ngokwaneleyo, ivoti yabo ingadinwa phambi kokuba uphumelele ugqitywe. Kwisangqa sokugqibela, umvote angaphumelela ngengaphantsi koninzi lwazo zonke iibhola novoti abatshayelwayo, njengoko iivoti ezidinileyo zingabalwanga. Oku kululaza imvume yolawulo yoninzi. Abanye abaxhasi bagxininisa kumthetho "wokungagqibeki womthetho osebenzayo", kodwa uphumelele usoloko evakaliswa ngoninzi lwabakhandi abasebenzayo. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuba iibhola zomxhasi ezidaliweyo zimele ukudityaniswa kwabahlawulwa abahlawulwa abadaliweyo abathanjiweyo.

Inokwenzeka Ekufumaneni Ubuchule Bokwenza Imisebenzi

Ngelixesha i-IRV inciphisa ingxaki yomntu ophanga, ayiphelisi ukuvota okuqulethwe ngokupheleleyo. Abanye abavoti bangasebenzisa "ukuqinisekisa" iindlela, ukubeka umnyulwa okhethekayo kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukususwa kosongelo esikhulu. Kunyulo olusondeleyo, abavoti abantsonkothileyo bangaba "beluvotelwa" ngokuzibeka phantsi kwanokuba bazixhasa ngokwenene, benethemba lokusebenzisa ulawulo olusemthethweni. Noko ke, ucetyo olunjalo lunzima ukullusebenzisa kwi-IRV kunokuba lungasetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi, kwaye abavoti bangabazami.

I-Onnotity kunye nezinye iiParadoxes

Enye yobuchule obuninzi bokuhlalutya iIRV kukuba ingaphula umlinganiselo wobunyani: kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukufumana ivoti eyongezelelekileyo yokuqala ingabangela umvoti aphulukane, kwaye ukuphulukana nevoti kunokubangela ukuba baphumelele. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba umyalelo wokususa utshintsho, ochaphazela ukugqithisa. Ngexa ezi meko zinqabileyo ekuzisebenziseni (ukucingela ngaphantsi kwe-1% yonyulo), balulaza ukuthelekisa okusesikweni kwenkqubo. Abagxeki kwakhona baphawula ukuba i-RV ingasilela ukuchola iCondorcet movery.

Uthelekiso nezinye iinkqubo zokukhupha

Ukuvelisa okuqhelekileyo

Umahluko ulula, kodwa utyekele ekuvezeni ulawulo lwezahlulo ezimbini, ukuchitha iivoti, nokhuphiswano olusezantsi. I-RV ikhuthaza ukhuphiswano kwaye inciphisa ukuvota okulahlwayo, ngamaxabiso obunkimbi. Umahluko usoloko uvelisa abaphumeleleyo ngenkxaso engaphantsi kwama-40%, kanti abaphumeleleyo be-IRV badla ngokugqitha kumashumi amahlanu eephesenti kummandla wokugqibela (kungekhona konke ukuchana kwebhola).

Undululo lwangoko vs. Umbini- Round Runoff (Phezulu- Kwisibini Presary)

I-IRV ifuna abavoti babuyele kunyulo lwesibini lwesibini phakathi kwesibini esiphezulu esigqibelayo ukuba akukho namnye ofumana uninzi. Oku kungaphinda-phinda amaxabiso onyulo kwaye kunciphe ukujika kwisesibini jikelele. I-RV idibanisa zombini isangqa sibe yibhola enye, inyusa igalelo. Noko ke, ii-aseasensi ezimbini zivumela abavoti ukuba batshintshe iingqondo zabo emva komjikelo wokuqala, kwaye baqinisekisa ukuba umvuseli wokugqibela unoninzi lwabo bonke abavoti ababonisa ukujikeleza kwesibini. Ulandelelwano lokugxotha lwe-IRV lungathathi rhintyelo enye.

Ukuthunyelwa kweposi yexeshana

Ukuvota okugunyazisiweyo kuvumela abavoti ukuba bavume naliphi na inani labathathi-nxaxheba; omnye onenkokelo eninzi uphumelele. Kuncitshisiwe kwaye kulula kune-IRV, kodwa akuthathi izikhethelo ngaphaya kwemvume/ukungavunyelwa. IRV inika ulwazi oluninzi olukhethekayo, olunokuthi lukhokelele kwiziphumo ezithe gqi. Noko ke, ukuvota okugunyazisiweyo kunganciphisa iziphumo eziphangaleleyo kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa ngomatshini okhoyo. Abanye baphikisa ukuvota ngokungcono kwanempumelelo ukucola i-monotontonton kwaye banqanda ukuntsonkothile kwe-IRV.

Iyunithi ze Runoff vs. Iqela leemfonomfono (Iindlela zeCondorcet)

Amabini ahamba ngeentambo kunye nezinye iindlela zeCondorcet zenzelwe ukusoloko zinyusela umncomi oza kubetha wonke omnye umvotelwa ngentloko-ntloko. I-RV ayisoloko isenza loo nto. Iindlela ze Condorcet, nokokuba, zininzi kakhulu ukuxakeka ukuqaqamba kwaye zichaze. Zikwafuna abavoti ukuba bakhethe abathathi-nxaxheba; ngokusisiseko zinkqubo ezicetyiweyo ezisebenzisa ubalo olwahlukileyo lwemithetho-algoriti. Abanye abaxhasi abafuni bakhetha iCondorcet kwiindlela zabo zokuyila, kodwa i-IRV iqhelene kakhulu ngenxa yolulalo lwayo kunye nokuhamba ngonyulo.

Izalathiso zehlabathi lokwenene kunye nezifundo zetyala

I-Australia

I-Australia isebenzise i-IRV ukwenzela iNdlu yabameli ukususela ngo-1918, iyenza ibe ngamava amadala nawona maninzi kwinkqubo. Unyulo luvelisa icandelo elinye okanye urhulumente ohlangeneyo. Amaqela amancinane afumana umelo kwindlu nendlu, kwaye inkqubo iyamkelwa nguwonke-wonke. Noko ke, i-Australia ifuna ukuvotelwa ngokunyanzelekileyo kwaye inengqeqesho enyanzelekileyo, enokuthi ichaphazele impembelelo yenkqubo. Amava ase-Australia abonisa ukuba i-IRV anokuba yinkqubo exhathisayo, esetyenziswa ixesha elide.

Umbindi

IMaine yaba ngurhulumente wokuqala ukusebenzisa i-IRV kunyulo lwesizwe lwaseburhulumenteni jikelele ngo-2018. Ngo-2020, yasebenzisa i-IRV kunyulo lomongameli, kwaye iyasebenza nakurhulumente we-primerivary. Iziphumo zokuqala zabonisa unciphiso kwiphulo elingalunganga kunye nonyulo lwabathathi-nxaxheba abaphakathi. Unyulo lwamashumi amabini exesha lobuzwe lukaMaine's lwesibini sombutho lwafuna ingqungqungquthela eninzi kwaye lwabangela impikiswano ethile ngokudinwa kwebhola.

ISan Francisco, eKhalifoniya

I-San Francisco yamkela i-IRV yonyulo lwesixeko ngo-2004, kuquka usodolophu, ibhodi yabalawuli, nezinye ii-ofisi zasekuhlaleni. Uphando lwafumanisa ukuba i-IRV yakhokelela kubavoti abahlukeneyo, umvoti ophezulu (ingakumbi emva kokugoba kokuqala kwesifundo), kunye nokwehla kweziphumo zokuphanga. Inkampano ziye zajoliswa phambili. Noko ke, abanye abagxeki baphawula ukuba iincudi zabalawuli kunye namanani amakhulu abatshatileyo bakhokelela ekugqibeleni kwenani eliphantsi kakhulu lebhola eboliti kunye namavoti amaninzi adileyo adileyo.

Isixeko saseNew York (Iindawo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezilawulwa ngedemokhrasi)

IsiXeko saseNew York sasebenzisa i-IRV okokuqala kwi 2021 kummandla waso wedemocratic oyintloko. Unyulo lwafumana ingqalelo esasazekileyo ngenxa yebala elikhulu (abavumi). Inkqubo yolungiso yathatha iiveki eziliqela ngenxa yemfuneko yokubala iibhola zomngxuma eziphuthileyo kunye nokulingisa i-RV. Umvuzi wesiphelo, u-Eric Adams, waphumelela emva kwemijikelo emininzi, kwaye inkqubo yagqalwa njengempumelelo, nangona ukulibazisa kwabala imfuneko yokubala ngokukhawuleza kobugcisa. IRV yabonisa ukuba i-RV iyakwazi ukuphatha amasimi amakhulu kunye nee-votamfathi ezintsonkothileyo zasedolobeni.

Ezinye Iindawo Zokufumana Abantwana Abanokubonwa

Minneapolis (ukususela ngo-2009), uPaul, u-Oakland, i-Berkeley, ne-Seattle zonke zisebenzise i-IRV kunyulo lukamasipala. Ngezizwe, amazwe anjenge-Ireland (ukhetho lwangaphambili), i-Northern Ireland (ukhetho lwaloo ndawo), kunye nePapua New Guinea iye yamkela i-IRV. I-New Zealand isebenzisa i-IRV kunyulo oluthile lomphathi-dolophu. Le nkqubo ikwasetyenziswa nangabalawuli bebhodi.

Ukubonakalisa Ulwazelelelo

Isalathisi soMthetho nomthetho

Ukufumana i-IRV ngokwesiqhelo kufuna utshintsho kumthetho wonyulo okanye kumthetho wasekuhlaleni. Le inokuba yinkqubo ebangela ingxwabangxwaba yezobupolitika, njengoko amaqela ambekiweyo ngokufuthi echasa utshintsho olunokusongela amandla awo. Iinkqubo ze-voter (njengoko kunjalo kwi-Maine) zingathintela ukungafuni ukuvunywa kwemithetho-mthetho. Xa ifunyenwe, imigaqo kufuneka ichaze indlela yokuyila ibhola, iinkqubo zokubala, kunye nemithetho ecwangcisiweyo yamaqhina.

Ubuxhakaxhaka bobugcisa kunye nezakhiwo

IRV ifuna iibhola ezibalwa ngemisongo yemehlo enesoftware exhasa ulungiso lwesixhobo sovota lwe-computer, okanye oomatshini bovota bendlela efanayo. Ulawulo oluninzi lufuna ukunyuselwa okanye ukubuyiselwa kwezixhobo ezililifa elilifa, ezinokuba ziindleko. Noko ke, kanye endaweni yayo, ubugcisa bungasetyenziswa kunyulo lwexesha elizayo. Ezinye izivumelwano zabahwebi becandelo lesithathu njenge Dominion okanye i-Hart InterCBIc ukwenzela iinkqubo zokulawula ezisemthethweni ze IRV.

Imfundo yezakhono kunye nonikezelo

Ukuphunyezwa kwe-IRV ephumelelayo kuxhomekeke kwimfundo eqinileyo yomvoti. Iimfundiso kufuneka zinikeze imiyalelo ngeelwimi ezininzi, zenze iibhola zokhetho, ziqhube unyulo lwentelekelelo, kunye neqabane lemibutho yoluntu. Izixhobo ze-intanethi, i-Online, ii-CD, kunye nezibhengezo zenkonzo kawonke-wonke ziluncedo. I-FairVote, iqela elingakhuthazi ngeniso, linika ubuncwane obuninzi bokulawula i-RCV. Amaphulo emfundo afuna ukuqhuba imijikelezo emininzi ukwenzela ukuba inkqubo yoluntu isebenze ngendlela eqhelekileyo.

Iinkqubo zesikhokelo kunye nokurola okuqhelekileyo

Amazwe amaninzi aqala ngenkqubo yomqhubi wee-ofisi ezimbalwa okanye kwimimandla elinganiselweyo ngaphambi kokwandisa. Oku kuvumela uvavanyo lobugcisa, ubuchule bokuvota, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo. Umzekelo, uMnneapolis wasebenzisa i-IRV kuqala kunyulo lwebhunga lesixeko, emva koko wandiswe kuzo zonke ii-ofisi zesixeko. Iinqwelo-moya zingavelisa ulwazi ukuphendula inkxalabo yenkcaso kwaye zakha ukuthembana noluntu.

Ukugxekwa Nobuqhetseba

Ixabiso Nobuntsonkothileyo

Abachasi baphikisa ngelithi i-IRV ibiza kakhulu, ifuna oomatshini abatsha nemfundo ebanzi yabavoti. Noko ke, abaxhasi bayaphikisana ukuba indleko yimali ebhankiweyo yexesha elinye kwaye imali egciniweyo ekususeni unyulo olwahlukeneyo (apho ikhona) ingazahlula iindleko. Umthwalo wolawulo jikelele udla ngokulingana nonyulo lwesithethe kunye nokurhoxa.

Inkxalabo Zocinezelo Lwegesi

Bambi abahlalutyi bathi iibhola ezintsonkothileyo zingasusa iqaqobana nabavoti abafumana imali encinci abanokungena nzulu kwizinto zemfundo. Ufundo kwizahlulo zobuhlanga ekugqityweni kwe-IRV ludityanisiwe: abanye bafumana umlinganiselo wokudinwa okuphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwamaqela athile, ngoxa abanye bengenako umahluko omkhulu emva kokulawula imfundo. Uyilo lwebhola elula (umz., ngokusebenzisa ngokucacileyo "ujikelezisa imiyalelo yakho" nokuphepha umbhalo omncinci) banokuwanciphisa la manani.

Inkcaso yaseRiphabliki kwiU.S.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iRV yeRiphabliki iye yachasa iR, ijongwa njengesixhobo esincedayo kumaDemocrates okanye abathathi-nxaxheba besithathu. Kwamanye amazwe, njengeFlorida neTennessee, izikhululo zemithetho zowiso-mthetho ziye zavala ukuvota okumiselwe ngokwezigaba zephondo nokhetho lwasekuhlaleni. Ingxoxo isoloko ingenamkhethe, kodwa uhlaziyo olungeyoparatis lubonisa ukuba i-IRV inganceda amaqela awahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kumhlaba othile wokukhetha nowongathathi nxaxheba.

Ukuqhelisela Isifo Sokuzifica

Nangona kunqabile, iziphumo ezingezoza-mononic zisetyenziswe njengengxoxo yengcinga echasene ne-IRV. Ngo-2009, unyulo lomphathi-dolophu eBurlington, eVermont, lwacatshulwa njengomzekelo apho i Democrat ibinokuphumelela ukuba ibifumene iivoti ezimbalwa zokuqala. Impikiswano yakhokelela i-Burlington kwi-IRV, kodwa kamva yabuyisela uhlobo olulungisiweyo. Abaxhasi bagxininisa ukuba iziganeko ezinjalo azinakwenzekanga kumzekelo kwaye akukho nkqubo igqibeleleyo.

Ikamva le Turnoff Locamp

Naphezu kocelomngeni, i-IRV iyaqhubeka isasazeka. Ngonyaka wama-2025, ngaphezu kwama-50 ezixeko kunye nobalo lwama-50 e-U.S. isebenzisa iMithetho emibini (iMaine ne-Alaska) kunyulo oluninzi lwezwe. Amazwe amaninzi acinga ukuba umthetho wokuyamkela i-IRV kwipropatirimenti okanye unyulo oluqhelekileyo. I-CPNP (kuquka izixhobo zokuyila ezivuliweyo ezivulekileyo) zinciphisa imiqobo. Ikhono yenkqubo yokukhuthaza imicimbi yezobupolitika kunye nokunciphisa uhlahlolo lwendawo ngeenjongo zotshintsho kwidemocracracrafic. Ukuba i-IRV iba ngumgaqo okanye ihlala ingumgangatho oqhelekileyo uxhomekeke kwizinto eziqhubekayo zezopolitiko, imfundo kawonke, kwaye ibonakalisa impumelelo kwimpumelelo ekhoyo.

Isiphelo

Uvota lunika ngokukhawulezileyo enye indlela enyanzelisayo kwiinkqubo zesithethe ezizii-flugggs ngokuqinisekisa ukuba amagosa anyuliweyo anenkxaso eninzi, anciphisa iziphumo ezitshabalalisayo, kwaye akhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba komndilili. Noko ke, kuzisa ukuntsonkotha kokugqitywa kovota, ulwamkelo, kunye nemfundo. Ubungqina behlabathi lokwenene obusuka e-Ostreliya, eMaine, eSan Francisco, kunye nezinye izikhululo zibonisa ukuba le mingeni inokulawulwa ngokucwangcisa kakuhle, ubugcisa, kunye nokungangeni. Nangona kungekho nkqubo yokuvota ifezekile, i-IRV imela inyathelo elinentsingiselo kummeli nonyulo olulungileyo. Njengoko abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba iyamkela, ukuqonda iingenelo kunye nokulinganiselwa kwayo ekuboneni kwesigqibo solwazi.

Izibonelelo ze-'Actal's ``Inqaku'' elikwindawo yogcino lwezibonelelo'. Ukufunda ngokubhekele phaya, tyelela iFairvote'''' Ikomkhulu Lokukhetha Lemaliseko yoMmandla, inqaku [[[FLT]] Inqaku le-Divitioff Votion [[FLT:]], kunye [FLT]] ne[FLT]