Yintoni Ikholeji yase-Electoral?

IElectoral College yinkqubo emiselwe ngokwesiseko somGaqo-siseko apho i-United States inyula umongameli wayo nesekela lomongameli wayo. Kunokuba ibe yivoti ecacileyo ethandwayo kulo lonke ilizwe, le nkqubo ixhomekeke kwiqumrhu labanyuli abakhethwe ngurhulumente ngamnye ocebela abanyuliweyo abaza kubhaliswa. Eli nyathelo lomphathi-mngxuma ebeyinxalenye yonyulo lwaseMelika ukususela ekusungulweni kwesizwe, kwaye eqonda indlela esebenza ngayo iyimfuneko kumntu ngamnye ofuna ukubona indlela abadibanisa ngayo abavoti babo kwisiphumo sokugqibela.

Xa uvota kunyulo lomongameli, awuvoteli abatshati ngqo. Endaweni yoko, uvota ucandelo lwezihlalo zabanyuli abathembise ukuxhasa umvoti othile. Aba bavoti badibana kumakomkhulu abo ahlukeneyo karhulumente ukuze bafake amavoti, kamva ababalwe yiBhunga. Inani elipheleleyo labanyuli ngu 538, elibonisa inani lipheleleyo lezihlalo kwi Congress (435 Abameli, 100) kunye nabanyuli abathathu beWashington, D.C. Ukufumana i-contivert, kufuneka akhusele i-consoles console.

Le mithetho ithetha ukuba uvotelo oluthandwayo lwesizwe alummiseli ngqo ophumeleleyo. Endaweni yoko, ukhuphiswano luliwa ngokwemeko, ngevoti yorhulumente ngamnye enikwa isiseko sesiphumo sovoti ethandwayo ngaphakathi kwelo lizwe. Le fomu ilungelelanisa amandla phakathi kwamazwe nabemi abaninzi nabancinane, inika imo nganye ilizwi elinentsingiselo kwisiphumo nokuba bubungakanani bayo.

Indlela IOperate Yasekholejini EnguElectoral Namhlanje

Ikhetha Abakhangeli

Urhulumente ngamnye umisela indlela yakhe yokukhetha abakhethi. Okunjalo, amaqela ezobupolitika kwiphondo ngalinye athatha izigwebo zabanyuli kwiindibano zeqela okanye ngeekomiti zeqela. Aba banyuli ngamalungu aqhelekileyo akwiqela, abanyuliweyo, amagosa, okanye abaxhasi bexesha elide abanokuthenjwa ekuvoteni abachopheli beqela. Xa ufaka ibhola yakho kumongameli, ukhetha ngokunempumelelo ukuba yeyiphi irela leevoti eziza kumela imeko yakho.

Owoyisayo Uthatha Wonke Umthetho

Kumazwe angama-48 kunye neWashington, D.C., umvotelwa ophumelele kakhulu kwivoti kulo rhulumente ufumana lonke uvoti lwawo olukhethiweyo. Oku kubhekiselwa kuko njengendawo yokuphumelela-yonke inkqubo. Kuphela uMaine neNebraska zisebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo, zikhokela iivoti ezimbini ezikhethiweyo kumvuzo wezwe lonke kunye nevoti enye evoti efumana ingingqi nganye yengingi. Le mvume-zonke zilungiselelo elibalulekileyo loMphathi-mali ngenxa yokuba ibhekisa phambili wonke ulawulo lwesizwe emva komntu omnye, yenza isiphumo kumbuso ngamnye onelungelo lokufumana yonke into.

Ukufikelela Kwisithuba Se - 270

Ngenxa yokuba inani lilonke leevoti zonyulo lisisigxina ngo-538, umvotisi ufuna u-270 kanye ukuba ngumongameli. Lo mqobo umele uninzi lweElectoral College. Ukuba akukho mvoteki ufikelela kuma-70, unyulo lugqitywe yiNdlu yabameli, kunye neqela ngalinye lesizwe elivota elinye. Oku kwenzeke kabini kwimbali yaseMerika, ngo1800 nango1824, kodwa okunokwenzeka kuhlala kungumGaqo-siseko ubuyela emva kwisiganeko sonyulo oluneecalu.

Ucwangciso lwemiqathango yephulo elingu 270 lungaphezulu phantse kunayo nayiphi na enye into. Izixhobo zigxininisa ubuncwane bazo kumazwe apho iziphumo zingaqinisekanga, zisaziwa ngokuba yindawo yokulwa okanye amazwe ajinga-jingayo, kunokuzama ukwandisa ivoti ethandwayo yesizwe. Oku kuqinisa unxulumano phakathi kwevoti yakho ne-Electoral College: imicimbi yakho xa inceda incam yombuso othe wakhuphisana nomnye umntu.

Unxulumano olungqalileyo phakathi komlomo wakho neElectoral College

Indlela Ibhola Yakho Eguqulela Ngayo Kwizinto Ezithandwayo

Ivoti nganye ephoswe kunyulo lomongameli isebenza njengemiyalelo kubanyuli belizwe. Xa uninzi lwabavoti kurhulumente bekhetha umnyuli othile, abanyuli bakarhulumente babotshelelwe ngumthetho okanye iqela abathembisi ukuvota abanyuli babo abanyuliweyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ivoti yakho ikhutshwe kumawaka okanye izigidi zabanye ukugqiba ukuba uphumelele equleni, kwaye loo mntu uphumeleleyo uthetha ukuba zonke iziqwenga zikarhulumente ezinyuliweyo phantsi komthetho ophumeleleyo.

Lo mxokelelwano wokunyulwa ubotshwa ngqo kwaye ubotshwa ngokusemthethweni. Amagosa onyulo elizwe aqinisekisa iziphumo ezidumileyo zokuvota, irhuluneli imiqondiso yokuqinisekisa isiqinisekiso sokudwelisa abanyuli abaphumeleleyo, nabo banyuli bahlalisana ngoDisemba ukuphosa iivoti zabo. Le nkqubo iphela ihamba ukusuka kwizigidi zabantu abavotiweyo abaphoswe ngaphaya kwelizwe, kuquka nawe.

Impembelelo yomgangatho karhulumente

Ukubaluleka kwevoti yakho kuxhomekeke kakhulu kweyiphi imeko ohlala kuyo. Iivote kumazwe aphikiswayo anokuchaphazeleka kakhulu kweziphumo zokukhetha kunokuba abavoti baxhomekeke kwiqela elinye. Umzekelo, ivoti ephoswe ePennsylvania, eMichigan, okanye eArizona ingagqiba ukuba ngowuphi umvo ovotiweyo welo lizwe, lo gama ivoti ephonswe eCalifornia okanye eTexas ingenakuyiguqula iziphumo zelizwe lonke.

Olu mahluko ngomnye weempawu ezixutyushwa rhoqo ze-Electoral College. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi idala indawo yokudlala engalungelelaniyo apho abavoti kumaphondo akhuselekileyo baziva bedidekile, ngelixesha abaxhasi bechasa ukuba inkqubo ikhusela izilangazelelo zamazwe amancinane kwaye ithintela abathathi-nxaxheba ekubhekiseni ngqo kwimibutho yabemi engundoqo. Ngaphandle kokuba ume phi kule ngxoxo, ukuqonda umhlaba wengingqi okhethiweyo welizwe lakho kukunceda ubone indlela ivoti yakho edityaniswa ngayo nesiphumo somhlaba.

Imvelaphi yembali nesiseko somGaqo-siseko

Ingxoxo yeNgqungquthela yoMgaqo-siseko

IElectoral College yakhiwa ngexesha leNkomfa yoMgaqo-siseko yowe-1787 njengokulungelelanisa phakathi kwabo bafuna ukuba iNgqungquthela ikhethe umongameli nabo bafuna ukuvota okuthe ngqo. Abaseki babexhalabele kakhulu amaqela, imimandla, nobunzima bokunyulwa kwesizwe ngexesha lonxibelelwano olucothayo kunye nezothutho ezilinganiselweyo. Babexhalabele nokuba amazwe angenabemi baninzi ayeza kutyeshelwa kunyulo oluthe ngqo, behlisa isakhiwo solawulo sorhulumente ababesakha.

James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, nabanye abathunywa baphikisana ngezindululo ezininzi phambi kokuba bahlalise kwinkqubo ye-Electoral College. Hamilton waphikisa kuMbutho onguNo. 68 ukuba inkqubo iyakuqinisekisa ukuba "isikhundla sikaMongameli asisayi kuze siwele kwisiqu samntu ongekho kwiqondo eliphezulu onikwe iimfaneleko ezifunekayo" Le nkqubo yenzelwe ukuba ibe sisihluzi esikhululayo phakathi kwevoti ethandwayo kunye nokhetho lokugqibela, nangona isebenza njengenkqubo yokuguqulela umgangatho ophambili wolawulo lwesizwe.

Amalungu amathathu anesihlanu ahlehlayo kunye nelifa lawo

IElectoral College yayibunjwe yiNgqungquthela Ethathu yeFiths Ukuyekelela, eyayibala abantu abakhotyokisiweyo njengesithathu sesithathu sesithathu sesithathu somntu ngenjongo yokumela kunye nerhafu. Oku kwanika amaphondo asemazantsi amandla awongezelelweyo ngaphandle kokunika abantu amalungelo okuvota. Ngexa isithathu-Fiffath Claus yatshitshiswa yiMvumelo ye14 emva kwemfazwe yamakhaya, isibophelelo sembali phakathi kweElectoral College kunye nobukhoboka sihlala siyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yelifa lenkqubo kunye nefektha eqhubekayo malunga nokufaneleka kwayo.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iElectoral College iguquke ngokutshintshwa komgaqo-siseko kunye nomgangatho karhulumente. Uhlaziyo lweThalfth Amendment, lwagunyaziswa ngo-1804, lwayihlaziya inkqubo yokunyulwa komongameli kunye nesekela lomongameli emva konyulo lwengxabano yowe-1800. Uhlaziyo olungamashumi amabini anesithathu, olwagunyaziswa ngo1961, lwagunyaziswa luvoti lonyulo eWashington, D.C. Phezu kwazo nje ezi nguqu, isakhiwo esingundoqo siye sahlala siqinile kakhulu ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini.

Imbono Ephosakeleyo Ngekholeji Ye-Electoral

Ingcamango Ethandwa Lilizwe

Abavoti abaninzi bacinga ukuba umvoti ofumana inkoliso yamavoti kwilizwe lonke ufumana ngokuzenzekelayo umongameli. Oku akuchananga. IElectoral College ivelise oomongameli abahlanu abaphulukana novoti ethandwayo yesizwe: John Quincy Adams (1824), Rutherford B. Hayes (1888), Benjamin Harrison (1888), George W. Bush000), kunye noDonald Trump (2016. Le miphumela iyenzeka xa umvoti ufumana amanani amaninzi ngemidathangatho, ehlutha amavoti abo abavoti babo, ngoxa ephulukana namanye amazwe ngemidalala emikhulu.

Ukuqonda lo mahluko kubaluleke kakhulu ekuchazeni iziphumo zonyulo. Xa uva ukuba umvoti "ucholo oluthandwayo," lo manani abonisa inani elipheleleyo levoti zomntu ngamnye eziphoswe kulo lonke ilizwe, kodwa alimnqumli umnqolobi. IElectoral College ingumxhasi osemthethweni, kwaye izigqibo zayo zigqibele phantsi kwephepha levoti elithandwayo lesizwe.

I-Sing States vs Amazwe akhuselekileyo

Enye ingcamango ephosakeleyo eqhelekileyo yeyokuba ukuvota kunempembelelo elinganayo kwimo nganye. Enyanisweni, iElectoral College yenza imigangatho yempembelelo. Amaphondo, abizwa ngokuba yidargrafication, ngalawo angenamkhondo ongaqinisekanga kwaye angahamba ngayiphi na indlela. Amazwe akhuselekileyo, ngokuchaseneyo, asoloko exhasa iqela elinye. Ngenxa yokuba amajelo agxininisa ubuncwane bawo kwimimandla ejinga-jinga, abavoti kuloo mazwe afumana ingqalelo engakumbi, izibhengezo ezithenjiweyo, kunye nokukhuthuthwa koo-mthetho abakhuselekileyo.

Le ntshukumo ikhokelele ekufuneni utshintsho, kuquka izindululo zokuthatha indawo yeElectoral College ngevoti ethandwayo yesizwe okanye ukwamkela iNational Popular Vote Intertate Community, eyakubophelela amazwe kumavoti awo kubavoti bawo abanyuliweyo besizwe abafumana uvoti abathandwayo kanye eyaneleyo ukudibanisa amaphondo afikelela kuma-270 abavoti abavoti.

Iimpikiswano Zezemali Nezokuchaswa Kwekoleji YeElectoral

Iimpikiswano Ezintle

Abaxhasi be-Electoral College banikela ulungiso olungundoqo oluninzi. Okokuqala, inkqubo ikhusela izilangazelelo zamatyala amancinane ngokuqinisekisa ukuba abaza kuthatha inxaxheba kumongameli kufuneka bakhe imibutho enqamleze amaphondo amaninzi kunokuba bajolise kuphela kwiindawo ezinabantu abaphezulu. Ngaphandle kweElectoral College, abatshateli banokuphumelela ngokulawula izixeko ezinkulu ezimbalwa baze bangahoyi amaphandle kunye nemimandla ehlalisa abantu abambalwa ngokupheleleyo.

Okwesibini, iElectoral College ikhuthaza uburhulumente ngokubamba inkqubo yonyulo kwimida karhulumente. Urhulumente ngamnye unika imigaqo yonyulo, aqinise iziphumo zakhe, athumele nabanyuli bayo. Esi sakhiwo silungelelanisiweyo sihambelana nomgaqo-siseko othi sigcine igunya elibalulekileyo kulawulo lwaso.

Okwesithathu, le nkqubo ikhuthaza imibutho ebanzi yomhlaba. Umvotelwa kufuneka aphumelele kwiimeko ezahlukahlukeneyo kwimimandla yelo lizwe ukufikelela kumavoti angama-70, abangela iphulo kwimimandla ebengayi kuhoywa. Le mikhosi ifuna ukuphendula imibandela eyahlukeneyo kunye nee-contituence.

Iimpikiswano Ezichaseneyo

Abahlalutyi balatha kwiziphumo ezibalulekileyo eziliqela. Eyona iphambili kukuba iElectoral College ingavelisa umvuzo ongafumananga olona voti luninzi lwesizwe, abaninzi abalugqala njengolungekhoyo kwidemokhrasi. Oku kwenzeke kabini kunyulo lomongameli olugqibelelyo, luphelisa ukuthemba uluntu kubulungisa benkqubo.

Okwesibini, impumelelo yokufumana yonke inkqubo ihluba ngokunempumelelo abavoti abaxhasa umvoti olahlekileyo kwimeko enikiweyo. Ukuba uvotele umvoteli ozayo okwesibini kwilizwe lakho, ivoti yakho ayincedi nto kwisiphumo sohlanga. Oku kungakhokelela kuthoba umvoti kwimimandla ekhuselekileyo apho isiphumo siqwalaselwa kwangaphambili.

Okwesithathu, inkqubo ivelisa inkcazo ephambili kumaphondo ajingajingayo, apho inani elincinane labavoti lingafumana iziphumo zonyulo lonke. Oku kukhokelela kwingqalelo nezixhobo ezijoliswe kwimimandla embalwa ngelinye ixesha amanye amazwe engahoywa kakhulu. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi ivoti nganye imele ithwale ubunzima obulinganayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba iphoswe phi na.

Indlela Eluncedo Ngayo Kumsebenzi Wakho

Ngaphandle kobunzima be-Electoral College yakho, uvote yakho ayinto. Ivoti nganye yongeza kubalo olupheleleyo olumisela uphumelele kwelo lizwe liphela. Kwimeko yokhuphiswano, umda woloyiso unokuba yincanya, kwaye yonke imiba yokuvota enyanisekileyo. Unyulo lwama 2000 eFlorida lwagqitywa ngokhetho olungu 537, kwaye unyulo lwama 2020 eGeorgia lwagqitywa ngabavoti abangaphantsi kwe 12 000. Kula mazwe, ivoti nganye igqiba ukuba yeyiphi ivoti yonyulo karhulumente, kwaye, ngokongeza, yaba ngumongameli.

Kwanakumazwe akhuselekileyo, ivoti yakho ithumela umqondiso. Inegalelo kwingxoxo yesizwe malunga neemeko zezobupolitika, iphembelela phantsi imijaho yeqonga leNdlu yeNdlu yeNdlu, ne-ofisi zikarhulumente, kwaye ibonisa ukubophelela uluntu. unyulo lwasekuhlaleni, amanyathelo okuvota, kunye namagumbi angaphandle axhomekeke kwabavoti abathatha inxaxheba kunyulo lomongameli. Amandla kunye nokurhoxa okuvela kwephulo lomongameli kunokuba nempembelelo equkuqela lonke.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu onokuyenza yivoti. I-Electoral College ayiwasusi amandla elizwi lakho; isebenzisa amandla akwindlela yomgangatho karhulumente ebekhona endaweni yayo ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini. Ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo kukunceda uphose ibhola yakho ngentembelo nangokucacileyo.

Ukomeleza Ilizwi Lakho Kwinkqubo Entle

Ukwenza uvoti lwakho ngokulungileyo kumongo weElectoral College, qwalasela la manyathelo asebenzayo. Okokuqala, funda ukuba imeko yakho yimeko ejingayo, imo ekhuselekileyo, okanye phakathi kwenye indawo. Olu lwazi lukunceda uqonde impembelelo enokwenzeka yevoti yakho kwaye lungakhokela ukuganana kwakho namaqela obuchule.

Okwesibini, ukuba nenxaxheba kunyulo lukarhulumente nolobulali. I-Electoral College ayithathi indawo yezinye iindlela ezininzi zokuma koorhulumente bakho. Abamisi-mthetho bephondo, abalawuli, namagosa onyulo adlala indima ephambili ekumiseleni unyulo, ukuzoba imida yesithili, nokuqinisekisa iziphumo. Ukuvota kwakho kwezi ntlanga kungaphembelela indlela oluqhutywa ngayo unyulo lomongameli wexesha elizayo.

Okwesithathu, hlala wazi ngeenguqu ezicetyiweyo. Ingxoxo nge-Electoral College iyaqhubeka kwiKholeji yeBhunga, kwizindlu zowiso-mthetho zesizwe, nakwizikolo. Ukuba uyayixhasa inkqubo yangoku, uxhasa ivoti ethandwayo yesizwe, okanye ufuna ukubona ezinye iindlela ezifana nokwabiwa ngokweevoti ezilungelelanisiweyo, ilizwi lakho libalulekile kwingxoxo eqhubekayo ephathelele indlela iMerika ekhetha ngayo iinkokeli zayo.

Okwesine, nceda abanye bayiqonde le nkqubo. Abavoti abaninzi badidekile ngendlela iElectoral College esebenza ngayo nokuba ngaba imicimbi yabo yevoti inganciphisa ukudideka kwaye ikhuthaze ukuthatha inxaxheba. Ugcino-lwazi lwamazwe [ lunika iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha zenkqubo yeElectoral College, kunye USA.gov inikeza ulwazi lokuvota oluluncedo kuwo onke amacebiso.

Ekugqibeleni, qinisekisa ubhaliso lwakho kwaye wenze icebo lokuvota. Unyulo ngalunye lugqitywe ngabo babonisayo. Ukwazi indawo yakho yokuvota, ukuqonda iimfuno zophawu lombuso wakho, nokuqonda iinketho zovota zangaphambili kungayisusa imiqobo yokuba nenxaxheba. Ii-eyeencwadi ezifana 270toWin izicwangciso zovotelo zendlela yovotelo kwaye uncede ubone iziphumo ezohlukeneyo ezichaphazela ugqatsolo lwe 270.

Isiphelo

I-Electoral College luphawu olwahlukileyo lonyulo lomongameli waseMelika oludibanisa ukhetho lwakho kwiziphumo zomhlaba ngomthetheli womgangatho karhulumente. Uvotelo lwakho lumisela ukuba yeyiphi i-mvoti efumana ivoti yonyulo karhulumente wakho, kwaye abo bavoti banyuliweyo bagqiba ukuba ngubani oba ngumongameli. Ngelixesha inkqubo inezo zombini abakhuseli nabagxeki, iqonda indlela esebenza ngayo ikuvumela ukuba ubendakanye nenkqubo yokukhetha ngokunempumelelo.

Ivoti nganye iyinxalenye yebali elikhulu. Enoba uhlala kwimeko ephikiswayo okanye eqinisekiswe kakuhle, imicimbi yakho yokuthabatha inxaxheba. IElectoral College ingayibumba indlela ekhethwa ngayo ivoti, kodwa ayiwuthobi umgaqo osisiseko wokuba unyulo lugqitywe ngabantu abakhetha ukwenza ukuba amazwi abo aviwe.